Plate Tectonic Theory-History of How it was Discovered (Educational)
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- čas přidán 30. 06. 2024
- CHAPTERS (click blue links to go to that time code in video.
0:00 Introduction
0:36 1600s-1800s
1:11 Bathymetry reveals ridges
1:30 Wegner's Continental Drift
2:11 Radioactive decay
2:50 Nuclear bomb testing
3:13 Marie Tharpe/ocean ridges
3:46 Harry Hess/seafloor spreading
4:02 Seafloor magnetic stripes
4:17 Hot-spot formation
4:35 Three Boundary types
4:52 Mantle convection/gravity
The theory of plate tectonics represents a fairly young science. The "Father of Plate Tectonics", Alfred Wegener wasn't recognized when he proposed "Continental Drift" in 1912. It would take another 50 years to be accepted. And yet, in the year 1596 the process was already considered by cartographer Abraham Ortelius. This animation gives an overview of the most-recognized proponents (and opponents) of Plate Tectonics Theory up into the 1960's.
MORE ANIMATIONS: www.iris.edu/earthquake
Narrated by Dr. Wendy Bohon, Informal education specialist for IRIS
Written and animated by Jenda Johnson, Earth Sciences Animated.
World maps and earthquake locations from IRIS Earthquake Browser
Early maps, photos, and images are in public domain
Pangea and Ridge magnetics animations from the Educational Multimedia Visualization Center of the Department of Earth Science, U.C. Santa Barbara
Animation of the seismic tomography data from EarthScope by Kasrah Hosseini, University of Oxford
Music: Far From Home, by Kai Engel, freemusicarchive.org/ Tanz und Nachtanz performed by Capella de la Torre - Věda a technologie
Thank you for acknowledging Marie Tharp and the credit that was stolen from her. She is often left out of textbooks, but her work was so important in furthering our understanding!
@joelleseavey2581 Yes. It is so important when talking about history that we get it right. All the details. Credit given where credit is due
these illustrations Greatly facilitate Learning ,nice work!
thank you for sharing educational stuffs like this. continue educating the people with science.
Good video, thanks for producing this! I will share this with my structural geology students for discussion. I would suggest some expansions/modifications if there is ever a second edition made in the future. For one, it makes it seem like a lot of those early people were just as relevant as Wegener, which may not have been intentional but I think it comes across that way. Wegener was much more influential on this topic than anyone who came before him by a long shot. There were certainly some who supported Wegener in the 1920s, and even those who disagreed with him, many of them still took him quite seriously. A fuller treatment would be nice in my opinion. I would also like to see mention of the paleomagnetism of the 1950s, as it was known that the apparent polar wander paths for different continents did not match. The work of Benioff on seismic zones in the 1950s also was seminal. J Tuzo Wilson was the first to ever draw a map of Earth's tectonic plates, and his 1965 paper is the most clear crystallization of these ideas at that time. His work was mentioned but its importance could be elaborated. And I would like to have seen more on the critical papers of the late 60s - 70s, such as "tectonics on a sphere" from 1967, and the seminal work of Atwater in 1970, who first brought plate tectonic "on land" and out of the oceans.
Thank you for your comment! There was so much that we had to leave out in order to make a short tight animation of salient contributions for the general public, and like all history reports, it gives similar weight to vastly different influences. For example, Ortelius' musing has no weight compared to the extensive field work that led Wegener to his conclusions. We left much on the proverbial "cutting room floor." We wanted to include Atwater, but chose to stop at the point where the science had finally been accepted by most geoscientists. The discoveries post 1965 would overwhelm. We strive for an accurate depiction of the science, but often have to cut on the side of brevity. I would love to see an hour-long show on the history of the theory!
IRIS Earthquake Science Keep up the great work!!!
1:28 Correction: The asthenosphere is more dense than the lithosphere on average. If it wasn't the whole thing would rise above. The lithosphere however is more rigid. (the very word 'litho' derives from Latin meaning 'rock')
It is very helpful. Very thank you
Excellent! Excellent in every way.
wonderfull🖤keep it up💞
A great video, very helpful to students in my Global Tectonics class!
Thank you!!!
Good luck Stephen
Thank you very much for your videos! May God bless you and your family!
I can’t hear the subtitles how will i learn?
BOY. I FEEL YOU MY *****
PMRL McCaw Unwanted touching
Me neither
Joe Mama
IS ANYONE ELSE BEING FORCED TO WATCH THIS?
yes
Um yea.
@@enchant1ng ME TOO
yep 🫠
here in 2024
Bruce Hazeen gave up Earth Expansion because his boss from Lamont forced him by cutting his founds.... Marie Tharp was not allowed to continue her work either. Arthur Holmes believed that Earth Expansion has better explanational value than subduction tectonics a promoted this idea in his Geology book.
How others got lost...
"Gone reduced to atoms"
For initiation I consider the earth cooling with shrinking as the primary driving force causing cracks and plates to form. Iron a major element of earth has a high shrinkage rate cooling. You can overlay major deposits of iron and copper and find them mostly in coastal areas where prior to drift collisions one might think shrink and break and drift.
Please caption this video. I'd like to assign it to my students. Thanks!
Thanks for noting that!! It is done. Click "CC" on video.
There are three gray dots under the lower right corner of the vide. If you click on them you get a menu which will allow you to select "Open Transcript". The transcript is time stamped with the video, which your students should find helpful.
Who is tha propaund of plate tectonic theory?
Hi can you give me the best 5 scientist and their contributed in plate tectonics theory
Complicated history presented interestingly and in a nutshell! Wegener’s name is Veg-en-er, not Wag-ner.
You should edit (or get a third party to edit) your intro before you publish it-it’s riddled with typos and inconsistencies that don’t do your presentation justice.
Yes big brayn
UP THE JOHNNY SEC
Inge Lehman?
If continental drift was true , why would it start all at the same point(pangea)... Would if not be drifting in and out since the beginning of earth? Was earth formed and all continents were together and then started randomly just shifting away from each other? Or was the earth all one big continent at one point and the Atlantic rift(and other rifts) start spewing out land mass at the bottom of the ocean drifting everything apart...
Why is the mid Atlantic ridge literally an outline of south america and africa meeting together????
@@torylanez8489 cuz god lol
And science but tbh mostly god
who else was sent here by their science teacher
💪😝🤘
(Last sentence - "Leaving scientists to ponder what will be the next tool that helps reveal new facets of Plate Tectonics'.) Um.m.m.. Common sense maybe, that builds on observation that the geological structure of the Earth's crust represents the inscription of Earth's gravity and rotation (instead of theoretical "soup-in-a-pot", plates, and convection.
Alfred Wegener was not the father of Plate Tectonics, sorry. He talked about the continental drift.
Yes, the continental drift really happens in a limited way. Due to the Earth expansion.
Scientists and teachers should not allow such fantasies like SUBDUCTION to be advertized!
I am a Russian geophysicist who plans to destroy such non-science fiction like Plate Tectonics. Give me some time! I need to convert my video lectures into English and make people think of real processes on the Earth's surface.
Jis jis ko video bekar lagi vo like karo 👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇✌️