Why Pipes Move Underground
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- čas přidán 9. 03. 2020
- Discussing thrust forces in pipelines (with the help of our friends at Air Command Rockets).
Huge thanks to @AirCommandRockets for collaborating on the video. Go check out their channel for tons of awesome content on water rockets.
We use pipes to carry all kinds of fluids. Pretty much anyone can tell you how they work. You put a liquid or a gas in one side and it comes out the other. But, designing pipe systems is not always as simple as it seems. It’s the engineer’s job to make sure the pipe stays put.
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-Patreon: / practicalengineering
-Website: practical.engineering
Writing/Editing/Production: Grady Hillhouse
Editing and Direction Help: Wesley Crump
Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License
Source: • Elexive - Tonic and En...
This video is sponsored by NordVPN.
Thanks Grady for the opportunity to contribute to your video. It was fun doing the collaboration. :)
6:12 nice dodge! ;-)
Next time you guys do a collab, can we get a full video all about water rockets? :D I want Grady to explain all of the forces and mechanics involved in the rockets and the launchers and how they work :) Of course I remember it all from middle school, but I love the way Grady explains things :)
Nice work guys (Australian 🤝)
So what are the optimum gas liquid ratios/pressures in these rockets ?
About 1/3 water and 2/3 air.
"Hey, are you guys using thrust blocks for that cross-section?"
...
"Who the hell let you in here?"
Haha I was think the same
I am currently working on an irrigation construction project and it is out in the open anyone driving by could say hi and ask questions about what is going on.
Sure, we put some cinder blocks behind it....
*Random kid appears out of nowhere* : what kind of restraints ya usin'?
Worker: how did you-
@@FatGuyInaTruck lol same
Normally youtube recommends these kinds of videos years after they're made, but this time it was on the same day.
Wow, I didn't even notice I was watching this early
SANVEER SOOKDAWE same I just thought would be old. But YAY, thanks CZcams!!!
CZcams has its' favorites.
They have switched to a system that recommends videos on the upload day AND five years after. Technology isn't it awesome!
Ay same
When hydraulics leads to rocket science.
And dirt mechanics don't know about the rocket equation.
Rocket engineering besides combustion is almost all about plumbing and tanks design.
@@Isinlor Ya, A lot of people over think it, but in reality most of a rocket (by volume) is intended to get two or three fluids from their tanks to where they need to be, then the combustion chamber or heat exchanger or gas generator or whatever your plumbing to does the rest.
@@StellarSurge it depends... most likely either a kitchen or a bathroom.
Then leads to a video game called Kerbal space program
relationship between this guy and water plumbing is the same as wendower and planes
Goddamn right!
I would include HAI in that list ;-)
@@fadetounforgiven HAI is made by Wendover as well :o
@@HatchetHaro That is why I ended my comment with a ;-)
:-)
This guy and concrete
I dont wanna deal with life today... just wanna sleep..
CZcams: wanna learn about pipes?
YOU BET I DO
Hello Grady.
I drive a concrete mixer for a living. Some of your videos have helped me understand why some of the jobs I go to do what they do.
In my area, we refer to "thrust block" as water block. I was hoping you would mention it as a method of underground pipe restraint. You did not disappoint.
This method is even used on pipe joints which are flanged and bolted here.
If anyone wants to see what pipe restraints look like, look up Romac restraint systems, Smith-Blair restaint systems, or EBAA Iron Megalug restraints. In my experience in the water pipeline industry, they are some of the most common restraints (in addition to concrete thrust blocks).
Bruh I remember u
We have been having to use megalugs, thrust blocks and bolt rod back to another megalug on our mj. fittings. Kind of a pain but I also like the extra piece of mind
I'm studying fluid mechanics this semester and the fluid videos on your channel have really been helpful in simplifying and solidifying my understanding of fluids. Keep up the awesome work!
"Solidifying my understanding of fluids" Nice choice of words :)
If it solidified your understanding, maybe it's solid mechanics instead!
Failed the course twice 😭😭
Re doing this semester.
I hope i see you in class
Your clear tubing salesman must really like seeing you come in every month.
10:25 that's what the sergeant told my great grandpa right before he died in the great war
dude!Brutal! x)))
Who knew the Germans were so kinky?
XD
which one - 1st or 2nd or 3rd?
which type of restraints they are using
machine guns
Something seemingly very simple, yet actually very complex (like most things in engineering) is pipe flange bolting. I recently worked a project that involved high temperature process piping that required every joint to be evaluated individually due to slight differences in the materials within the joints and differential thermal expansion between those different materials.
I work in a oil refinery and most of our new pipes are welded or bolted.
Even in a facility where we have a pressure of 700 atmospheres the pipes are bolted 😃🤷♂️
Bet those bolts are bigger than what I can get at my neighborhood true value
@@brianjonker510 I've found 1-1/2 inch socketed bolts at my local lowes before... 🤷♂️
For frame of reference, in my aviation job, our 1-1/2 inch bolts are torques pretty heavily, to to tune of 800+ in/lbs. The only thing that torques higher is a 8" diameter 1/2" thick castellated nut which holds the rotor on.
@@kirknay Probably 800 _foot_ pounds.
@@UncleKennysPlace probably 800 king George thumbs per king Henry's stool after curry night. Or you could use SI
Kenny Phillips that would make more sense yeah. Couldn’t you reach 800 inch pounds with one finger on a cheater bar?😂
Wait. Are we all going to ignore the fact that the rocket dude did that in 1 shot? And the alignment of the equation with his hands and the reactions to the videos playing.
that segment was boss
2 shots - there's a pretty obvious cut at 5:39
Still impressive as all get out
How timely video. They have been renewing a pipeline under my window for over two weeks now and I was wondering the need for poured concrete in the intersection, and why they they dug up seemingly unnecessarily big hole or it. Now I know.
blood pressure also measures hydrodynamic and hydrostatic forces, although they're called systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively
Im confused. I thought the difference between those terms lay in the pressure during a heartbeat and after a heartbeat. Can you explain?
@@cauchyschwarz3295 That is correct. During the heartbeat, the blood is flowing (hydrodynamic) and after, it is static (hydrostatic). Dynamic=in motion, Static=not in motion.
“Pipes can’t float there in the air”
well not with that attitude
🤣🤣🤣🤣
You spelled altitude wrong.
@@ofnotandi no i meant to spell attitude
Hahaah
@@TSUNAMI_0707 Just a joke.
I have over 20 yrs of experience with water and sewer mains and I absolutely enjoy your videos. I find these videos great for showing the young guys. They sometimes get overwhelmed thinking that it’s all very complicated but you just have to keep it simple. Great job.
Aerospace engineer here- love watching these videos since they often are a side of engineering so distant from what I studied in college. Always fascinating, thanks!
8:40 Clearly, Grady has never driven on the potholes of Pennsylvania. Great vid as always.
Or New York
Every road I,v been on in PA have been much smoother than NY or NJ
@@jschackmann2 You think that's bad, try Chicago. We literally had to pass a law to prevent our purely democrat run government from taking funds out of the road maintenance budget for "miscellaneous" spending.
I'm sorry but no first world city has worse roads than montreal.Its like driving through london after the fucking blitz.
Rt 22 from Robinson PA, to Weirton WV:
5 years ago - When driving east from WV, to PA, In WV is smooth and silky. But when you hit the PA line, you and your car would be beaten, battered and bounced mercilessly. When driving east between 980 exit and Robinson, I could barely keep my breakfast down due to the road having undulations that caused a horrible bounce effect at PA's outdated, 55mph speed limit. I had to drive either 45 or 65 to hit the "waves" at a rate where they did not resonate with my vehicle suspension. I did 65 since most people on 22 are doing 70+ anyway. (Again, 55 mph is an outdated speed limit)
Today: Driving west from PA into WV, In PA the undulations are gone, between Robinson and 980, and its fairly smooth. But as soon as you hit WV, if you value your alignment and tires you better drive like a drunken maniac, swerving around the craters. The there's the hill going from Three Springs, down to the Ohio river... Thin, patchy asphalt that has flaked out. WTF did they do there?
But PA still has their brain-dead moments.. A small town had "bombed-out" cratered roads with car-eaters living in them. Then one summer, they went through and dug out, and replaced all the streets and roads with new silky smooth blacktop. It was nice.. 2 weeks later, they ripped up every intersection along several streets and the main road, to replace pipes... * facepalm * Same small town, city sewer crews had once, carved out 2 ft X 3 ft hole in the main road through town, done their work, then filled the hole up all but about 8 inches from the top. They did not mark the hole, they did not put a plate on it, or a cone.. just left an 8 inch deep hole. I was at work at a nearby gas station that night. At least ten cars with blown tires, 4 of those had bent or broken rims, two others had severe damage, one with the strut driven up through the hood, all came limping in to the lot all madder than hell! It took several 911 calls to get a cop to come out and put cones around the hole. Two nights later, one of the guys whose car was damaged, came back with a truck, and filled the hole with crushed limestone gravel with dry concrete in it. That gravel patch remained for two more years until the city came back to finish the job. Which I might add was just a half-inch of asphalt shoveled onto the gravel, and patted with a shovel.
The water rocket guy seems like a boss
I can tell you as a city of Chicago water department worker we use restraints on just the bends and T fittings while straight pipe is just push fittings
The T split at the end of our street disconnected about 9 times in 2019 but they now fixed it by replacing it with an Y instead of a T. Works so far
They basically lessened the force transfered to the split by making the inner flow curve more slowly in longer distances to the target angle. Like a fast car turning left in an intersection versus one of those "soft turns" that start the turn much early on before the intersection.
I've seen some wilder things dont here. They literally enveloped the whole T-fitting (or y-bend, don't know which they used) in a block of concrete. Guess they were desperate lol
@@ayuchanayuko I've had to fix a leak in a joint encased in concrete before. Pipes froze and the joint was spewing water on an extremely cold day and we had to use a jackhammer to get to the joint and a hammer and chisel to expose the bolts on the mechanical joints. Turns out pipe crews in the 90s were terrible.
@@kylehart8829 that's when we just cut it at both ends and start new.
@@taylorsova1205 It was still under partial pressure. The water froze inside the valve on one end of the Street so it wouldn't close all the way. Cutting the T out would've been unreasonable because it would flood the ditch on a below-freezing day. Trust me, if we could've just put a new T in with 3 straight fittings we would've, but that would require some serious wading and there was no way in hell I was about to swim in freezing water while there was sleet coming down around us.
@@kylehart8829 yea, been there too. It blows. But someone has to be the hero right?
Work in construction for a while and you’ll learn that pipes are literally never where they’re supposed to be
regimiro in my town there is a 36 feet wide 8 feet tall culvert that is 1.16km long, it has other 1km long tunnels flowing into it. It has 49 miles of surface area . I walk through it a lot it’s called the rio monterroso.
@@the486kgman2 wow
You sound like a utilities locator. *People in the industry will understand!
@@stormfourstrings1735 were they within 2' of either side of it? That's the "variance" that most of them seem to live by..
"Why did you hit it? I marked it 23" to the left!"
@@stormfourstrings1735 hand expose when your a foot above breh
Grady: Civil engineers don’t want the things we design to go flying through the air!
Matthew McConaughey: be a lot cooler if you did
This series gives me so much appreciation for stuff all around me. Much love, Grady
So, I work for a land surveying and engineering company. Today I was calcing out water pipe supply points for us to stake next week, and on the plans I kept seeing "Trust block" at every one of the angle points and tees. I thought about asking my boss, but he was busy. Thought about googling it, but didn't have the time, so i put it off and forgot about it. Then i come home, click on your video and you explain very well exactly what thrust blocks are...
Funny how things just work out sometimes. Love your videos, bud. Keep up the good work.
I love that you are covering so many aspects of plumbing! I've been working as a plumber for years now and I've wanted to learn the science associated with why I do what I do for a while now. Thank you so much for the fun and educational examples
Excellent video Grady! Great visuals, concise, and something that everyone can relate to. Content creators like you are are what brings life to CZcams. I hope to create content as good as you one day!
"Why pipes move underground"
Me: "WHAT?!"
Another great video. I work for a big steel company and one of my roles, which I'm currently learning is in the cellar that drives the the mill. There's tanks, pumps and pipes everywhere. Your videos are helping further my knowledge and understanding of our systems. Cheers
You do a really great job of making concepts easy to visualize and understand. I’m an engineer and I wish my teachers and professors in school spoke and explained things the way you do and showed relevance to practical applications. Keep up the great work.
Great video! I can only imagine the response I'd get if in my city I walked up to a burly labourer man installing a pipe, overworked, full of mud and gunk and over enthusiastically started asking him what kind of support they were using 😂
Daniel Lassak Most people love to share their knowledge.
@@billpetersen298 you're right they'd prob be happy that you asked
Well, asked them during lunchbreak. Or even better, when they half-sloshed on your local bar.
"The sea was angry that day my friends, like an old man trying to send back soup in a deli."
Serenity now
Insanity later.
Thanks for your channel and all of the info that you present in. I worked in construction for almost 34 years, and in that time I helped build a great many civil engineering projects. I learned a great many things over my career, but the ones that I’m most proud of were the ones that really made me scratch my head and say “ how am I gonna do THAT!?
All other channels capture attention with far-fetched epic topics like space travel or some insanely expensive technologies, while Grady is talking about the what's under everyone's feet and is no less interesting. You da real MVP
Today I replaced the broken lever on my tap, and was pretty proud about it, was telling everyone,
now I came online and this was the first recommended video.
that was a very fun guest segment there, informative but also entertaining :3
This is just great! I am a superintendent for a commercial general contractor in Utah. I thoroughly enjoy my job as it keeps me on my feet and always learning. When I was in college (construction management) it was all about paper work and budgets. We never really learned how things or why things are put together. I gained all that knowledge by doing and watching. On our sites we see many thrusts blocks and felt I understood them well. But I always learn from this channel and I love it. You’re a fantastic educator and very articulate in your explanations. Thanks!
It seems like every single one of your videos is super interesting and has information that's new to me, explained in simple terms.
I wish we had a hundred more channels like yours!
Hey Grady, Love the videos on liquid pipe and electrical lines, was wondering if you were planning on making any videos on gas pipes in the future?
Do it
he has one on steam hammer, that's a gas
@@jeromerox9999 to be fair, that's a gas bubble forming and collapsing with a series of preassure pulses in reaction to an abruptly interruption of a dynamic liquid medium within a pipe.
Far from similiar to a pipe system for a gas phase medium.
Though you were asking for glass pipes for a sec.
@@SonsOfLorgar Just curious: Did you really need to say "dynamic liquid medium" or could you have just said liquid? Is it different somehow? Also, what does "abruptly interruption" mean? And "gas phase medium" seems weird too. Why not just gas?
Awesome video. My favourite part is when you clearly delineated the start of your ad, rather than trying to trick us into thinking it was content.
My dude.
Im mostly into physics, biology and philosofy, yet i still drop by to watch every single one of your videos.
You make great content, some of the cleanest and most well produced on youtube.
Thank you, for opening my eyes to the world of Practical Engineering.
Arnold Thomsen philosophy * don’t say philosofy ever again, ok?
Several years ago I was working for one of the Ma Bell spinoffs, and we had a contractor excavating a utility trench in a Mobile Home Park to repair a fault in a Telephone cable. Utilities in Mobile Home Parks are notoriously under built, and the 8 inch water main next to our cable didn't have any thrust blacking at the bends. There was a 90 degree turn in the water main next to the buried cable splice we were excavating. When the soil around the joint was removed, the elbow separated, and it was the Johnstown Flood all over again. It was a learning experience for everyone involved.
Always a joy to see that you've uploaded a new video! 🙂
That is more information in this video than I could find in books, good job!
This is great to see as I’m currently working with a client to solve their pipe line problems. It’s a much more interesting and difficult problem most people don’t know about.
Another great video Grady. Good job. If you haven't done videos on these subject already, this leads into all sorts of other considerations such as pipe stress and analysis, pipe guides and stops, expansion joints and why they often can't provide the flex required in a system, etc. Very good videos for the layperson and a good reviews for Engineers.
A big thank you to Air Command Rockets, go subscribe to their channel if you aren't already! Make sure you never miss a Practical Engineering video and keep up with all my other projects: practical.engineering/email-list
Great video! I really enjoyed it. :D You should make a follow up video talking about the ways infrastructure piping fails.
There is another interesting application of this whole thing:
Fire fighter hoses.
We use flexible tubing, that's obvious. Once you open the hose the whole tubing will shake.
For the biggest hoses we even have to put a 3meter straight segment behind us to divert some forces to the ground to make it possible to even hold the hose in position by manpower.
It's super cool to see the theory behind the forces acting in our pump/tube/hose system.
Thank you for your great job
I remember them telling us in the elementary school field trip that you don't just turn on a firehose without training or it'll whip around and probably break your leg.
@@stevenclark2188 oh well... I joined the youth fire fighters when I was 10, and we were allowed to use the big hoses
it's not as extreme as you described there, but a big one, like a german B-hose needs to be used by 3 grown men or women if used with proper preassure (like 8-10 bar)
if you use this device: de.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%BCtzkr%C3%BCmmer you're allowed to use it by 2 men
On the last pump station project I was on, we had to use restrained joints AND thrust blocks. All of the fittings were megalugs, and the bell joints had a regular gasket + a second gasket with locking lugs.
I would love to see how those oil pumps work. The ones you see in big Fields
Do you mean an oil pumpjack (donkey)?
czcams.com/video/X0Dpd52pfp0/video.html
@@petercarioscia9189
Exactly. I want to see practical engineering make a video on those exact things..
You're super smart and helpful. Thanks
Also, what the other components of an oil refinery around the cracking tower.
The oil and gas pipeline system starting in northern Alberta and ending in Galveston, TX. Lots of small pipelines adding up to a vast, efficient fuel transportation system across America.
We have an oil pipeline that comes right past our town and a booster station less than 10 miles away. So being on the fire department we got to tour the facility. And let me tell you, the pressures and volumes that these operate at is an amazing engineering feat. The facility uses more electricity than our entire town of 2333 population.
@@SethMethCS You mean the TransCanada? I used to work for a guy who ran the entire right of way years ago.
0:50 Hey, nice Culvert. This cool CZcamsr just taught me about them!
I've always been fascinated at how simple restrained joint pipes are, yet they're incredibly effective. The simplest method actually has a bead line welded around the male end of the pipe and an extended bell with a groove outside of the gasket groove. A right-handed and left-handed piece are installed through a notch in the outer ring, a rubber insert is put between them, and that simple system makes the pipe resist as much force (or even more) than welded joints despite only taking around 30 extra seconds to put together and a miniscule difference in production cost.
Excellent video and explanation of this topic! Air Command Rockets did a fantastic job and the way he explained and had the video sync up to what he was saying and gesturing at was very well done! Keep it up
"All important things are done through pipes. Proof thereof: firstly, the procreation organs, secondly, the writers' quill and, thirdly, our shooting-gun. What is man other than a tangled bundle of pipes!"
(German physicist, aphorist and philosopher Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, Wastebook E, 1775)
Fire tho
@@guythat779 have you ever smoked a pipe?
@@BloodSprite-tan no
Fire is important to that too tho
"A Man is just a tangled bundle of pipes!"
"No, a Man is a miserable little pile of secrets!"
_Lord Dracula and Herr Lichtenberg arguments, 1780_
me: thinks about my sword
me: is that a pipe? is my life a lie?
I want one of those flesh-coloured hard hats that Grady wears in the video.
We use thrust blocks , field lock gaskets, all thread between some fittings linked with ductile lugs to hold fittings under possible thrust separation.
wow, this channel has increased my appreciation for every day things. it’s crazy how complex our world really is
Me: watching anime videos about magical girls.
CZcams: want to know why pipes move underground?
Yeah, looks totally relevant.
Lenny face
Yet here you are.
From memory I think one of the water slides I've seen has neither thrust blocks or restraining fittings. Maybe the force goes through struts into a thrust block or perhaps the restraining fitting is disguised for aesthetics.
Grady, with one other consideration important on underground water piping: Freezing in winter. I am from the mid-Atlantic area which has freezes during the winter months. When water freezes, it expands and will break anything containing it. Much of this is prevented by burying the pipe under the frost line. However, with older pipes, very cold water from a reservoir creates a temperature difference that causes a bursting of the pipe. The pipe itself is normally at a constant temperature being under the frost line. The water is extremely cold. The pipe can fail, resulting in a sinkhole at the surface.
Learned something new here, about hydrostatic forces. Have never seen a thrust block in a trench, our pressurelines are all welded, metal or HD/HDPE. Great video, thank you!
5 years in engineering school and your contents are the most entertaining ones
7:25
::Pushes up glasses::
Actually it's solvent based cement not glue that is used to weld plastic pipe together.
😜
That's called glue
Akshuallee🤓
@@geminirox8635 glue is sticky, the solvent cement interacts chemically with PVC. It kinda melts the layers together.
@@mrolafdotcom its glue
yeah my father explained to me once it melts them together so you gotta put the solvent on one piece and stick it into the other and position them properly before it hardens, I've learned some of the most creative swears and imprecations while following techicians doing this job 😂
I LOVE @Air Command Rockets!
Thank you for making these videos as interesting as you do, I don't study civil engineering or anything like that ( I'm from a IT field ) but I do certainly enjoy watching all your videos and I'm always looking for your next ones
Big it up for Air Command Rockets. Multi-stage water rockets ffs!
6:10 Oscar worthy
Your videos are so well put together! Even for a non engineering guy, I can understand everything.
Talk about amazing maintenance crews, the speed with which they repaired that 96" water main here in Houston that suddenly found itself venting to atmosphere late last month was unreal.
I have no idea what I'm doing here this early
Neither do I! Just woke up 21 minutes ago.
I don’t know what I’m doing here so late...
I'm taking a dump.
Talking about thrust forces in pipe systems ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)
Welcome.
When I started my engineering degree, it was broken down like this:
Mechanical engineer = if it isn't moving, you have a problem
Civil engineer = if it is moving, you have a problem
Electrical engineer = zappy zappy go spark make computer
Don't let the magic smoke escape!
I appreciate all the effort in making these videos Grady. Keep them going up
Good video! I contract at power plants and they run lines at very high pressure so you can bet they restrain their pipe, sometimes with massive hangers, anchors, and thrust blocks
I never knew I like pipes until I watched this video
Ironic that nord vpn is advertising on a video about securing pipes.
:thinking:
Asdayasman it’s not steam though??? 🤔
And like NORD every pipe leaks
How is that ironic?
Ironic nord vpn pipes got breached a little while ago
@@logitech4873 these days, anything thats interesting, unusual, or coincidental is automatically labeled 'ironic'. sad, but its the world we live in.
About 3 years ago, in Conroe Tx, a concrete truck hit a fire hydrant. The pressure from the water rushing out of that break cause 3 other breaks underground across 7 city blocks. It took 4 days to dig it all up and fix it.
After this post I found your water hammer video. Thats what they said happened.
I'm amazed at the footage at 8:35 and 8:40!
I didn't think it was possible for more than 1 guy to be working on the road at once. I hope they all took a good month off while leaving the road closed after this to balance it out.
Does this mean that a large break in one place of a pipe network might cause another (or even a cascade of failures) if that break causes the thrust in another branch to go from balanced to unbalanced?
If so, I'd assume it's a good practice to always anchor branching points very well even if they're supposed to be balanced...
The four-way branch shown in the diagram near the end is anchored, so it seems this tends to be accounted for.
Stein Gauslaa Strindhaug it’s likely that a large break would cause a major pressure drop in the main. Therefore, in the short term, you wouldn’t likely see a cascading effect because the hydrostatic forces would be so low due to the pressure drop. That being said, anything is possible and it is still good practice to restrain the pipe at any fitting whether balanced or unbalanced.
With old pipes yes
Sneak a peek in the trench? I thought I was supposed to be driving...
At this point of my life, I like to believe I know a little something about a lot of stuff. Never heard of thrust blocks until today. Always learning... Thanks to those who teach!
Great video! I used to fabricate industrial mine site pipe work, I never realised what they actually went through though. Thanks for informing me 😬
I just realized the channel logo doesn’t have the tape on the bridge of the glasses like the intro does and it disturbs me lol.
Hes sponsored now by NORD and hello fresh.haha
Great video! It’s interesting that you’re still agreeing to advertise for that vpn though
A video on calculating pressure and velocity drops vs elbow and Tee fittings please. Love your channel!
Welding polyethylene pipes is kinda cool. On smaller pipes there are elements with integrated heating wires, which are connected to a welding machine that lets a defined current flow through the wires for a defined time. Thicker pipes, for example for connecting a multi-story building to the grid, get put in a hydraulic device, grinded off on the contact side, heated up with a heating element, and then hydraulicly pushed together until cold.
I feel like this is Mr Rogers with Low-Fi
your VPN add is bs, packets sniffing isn't really a thing anymore with https.
the real reason to use VPN's is to get access to things with country locks.
the real reason to use VPNs is to get ur data sold and get the CZcamsrs money
steamcastle this is assuming HTTPS is implemented on every website you use, or even assuming it’s properly implemented.
@@thegamecreator1 The connection from the VPN exit node to the Website is still unencrypted. And since basically every website has HTTPS and the encryption used by nordvpn is the same as used in HTTPS it doesn't matter.
A is useful if you dont trust your ISP but a VPN becuause the can allways see at least which sites you are visiting. And a vpn is useful if you want to do something shady, like downloading movies illegaly or watching netflix as if you are in a different country (which is against the terms of service).
Thank you. Your videos are very informative. I enjoy learning about the stuff around me that I would never have thought to consider before seeing your videos.
When hanging pipe you also have to take into account the beam length. This varies with pipe size, materiel and thickness. This why the codes state max distance between supports for different types/sizes of pipe.
Thrust forces in pipe systems? Sounds like someone's been playing the latest release of satisfactory.
Right, thats what it sounds like ...
Vegina.
10:38 Thailand, I recognize that 737 trying to disguise itself as a bird
The editing of the water rockets demonstration was really nice.
I'm an apprentice underground worker at the moment and your videos are very helpful for work an school
Okay but how does this all effect my interrent speed? Don't tell me my ISP lied to me 😱
All apps on your phone use encrypted connection. Most websites are also encrypted. If a website does not use an encrypted connection, your browser will tell you. Your isp only knows what websites you're using but not how are you using them.
Using a VPN on top of that is like wearing two condoms. So instead of your isp knowing what websites you use they will.
So if you don't trust your isp that is regulated by your country laws, what makes you trust a for profit company in a foreign country?
I used to work in chemical pipe system engineering (up to OD 3250) and lemme tell ya, it is a vastly underrated art form.
great video. 1 piece of advice is that it is recommended practice when gluing plastic piping to make a 1/4 - 1/2 turn of connected joint prior to the glue setting. This reduces potential for leakage.