Saturn 1B AS-203 S-IVB Hydrogen Tank Interior
Vložit
- čas přidán 7. 04. 2013
- Cameras were used inside tanks to determine the in-flight characteristics of propellants. On AS-203, this camera was used to study the behavior of the liquid hydrogen inside the S-IVB stage in orbit. During a lunar mission, the S-IVB would be in orbital coast until it restarted to send the spacecraft to the Moon. The data from this flight built confidence that when required to restart for the lunar trajectory the stage would be ready to go. From our extensive collection of material on the Saturn 1 and Saturn 1B, contained on 3 DVDs and available at www.spacecraftfilms.com
- Věda a technologie
I love that this video has 219k views and has almost universal thumbs-up. It's a terrible, low quality video of a tank draining. Hundreds of thousands of people realizing how amazing it is to watch gives me hope for the future of space.
Yet still, 33 asshats don't like it.
@@LordFalconsword 33 out of 1.2 million?? I see hope for humanity (or for the algorithm)
For those wondering how they got the fuel back to the bottom of the tanks, they had these small rockets that would fire after separation of the stage, this would force the liquid to bottom of the tanks and create "ullage" (hence the name "ullage rockets"). On the SatV these were on the ring that separated after the first stage dropped away.
They also had propulsive vents which would leak gaseous oxygen to provide settling thrust. The S-IVB 500 series had an O2/H2 burner which also provided settling thrust.
Zoomer30 This is awesome information thanks!
+Zoomer30 They should've put all the hydrogen into a condom. Those things expand to unsuspecting limits and once you open the end they deflate to almost nothing.
Except, they shatter at the temperature of liquid hydrogen.
How do you get the fuel in 0G ? it will be floating around and when only 1/3 remain it will float possibly in the centre of the tank.
For the first time in my life I'm seeing so much liquid Hydrogen in one place, I'm impressed...
I've waited 50 years to see this video of the fuel in the tanks. Cool Beans!
At the beginning of the video, it looks so peaceful and calm inside the tank. The slow roiling and shimmering of the liquid makes me want to fall asleep, in a good way.
13:37 3rd Orbital Pass.
17:07 Hydrogen steam? That side of the fuel tank in sunlight?
19:39 Jellyfish-like globules of liquid hydrogen.
21:13 4th Orbital Pass
Don't forget just how cold this stuff is!
I love it when it goes zero G at around 8:44
Also at around 4:27. I assume that is the mark of stage separation as you can see the liquid being ullaged back to the 'bottom' shortly after and when it resettles you can see consumption has begun.
Uh no it's around 9:17
Ganke für die beiden interessanten Videos!
What an amazing sight.... I had know idea these video's were available ( or even existed! )
Unfortunately most of these videos suffered from damage being left in the old blockhouse at Pad 34(?). There used to be a lot more 16mm and video.
It's incredible to see that much liquid hydrogen! That is truly No Man's Land: Flash frozen into a human nugget. Pyrolyzed to a cinder. Finally disappearing in an incandescent flash. It makes climbing Everest in your bathrobe and slippers look like a cake walk.
Dude, you are So Cool! I absolutely love you videos!
Watching the consumption when that stage lights off is insane. That J2 was a thirsty engine. :)
Edit: Also pretty cool how clearly you can see the top of the LOX tank in the bottom when under thrust.
Wow it is actually fun to see how fast the level is going down;)
And in slow motion too !😅
The slosh baffles were very important in the constant and consistent flow of the fuel and the balanced flow
This tank is in the 3rd stage of saturnV and the skinny saturn 1B . This stage was used to make the skylab space station in the 1970's .
This liquid hydrogen tank and the liquid oxygen tank were emptied or left out . The hollow part is about 22 feet accross and 80 feet long .
It gets hot in the sunlight . A large solar panel was lost and broken off during its launch . So a sunshade tarp had to be strung accross the outside to shade this house sized stage from the sun so astronauts could stand the temperature and live in it .
Why didn't it have shades to begin with ?
Beginning at about 4:30, it appears as if the liquid hydrogen is forming a skin of solid H2, which then forms a suspension in the liquid. Quite possibly the coldest slushy....EVER! This could be due to evaporation of the liquid from the surface in response to the increasing void space/dropping pressure in the tank as the LH2 is consumed.
I'm astonished that they managed to video this in the 1960s.
First real practical use of fiber optics was in the inspection of tanks using a Fiberscope. The Fiberscope was invented in the 1950's in a collaboration with American Optical Company and Imperial College of Science and Technology in London ... however Alexander Graham Bell patented an optical telephone system called the photophone in 1880 using the same principals. But it never saw any practical use compared to the Fiberscope.
if you could avoid freezing when you fell into that you would sink like a ball of lead in a swimming pool. You would barely slow down.
So would it just be like moving around in air?
@@kargaroc386 easier*
Wow😮
Any way we can get a timeline of sorts?
So it starts full with the camera under the surface of the liquid fuel pointing up .
Then it uses enough to drain the tank to a level below the camera . The tank has no air it has pressurized helium to prevent th tank from crushing . When the engine shuts off there is still fuel in the tank . But when coasting the liquid floats around weightless .
When it is time to fire the engines for trans lunar injection into a free return trajectory around the moon , ulage rockets on the outside of the sIVB push the SIVB forward and the liquid fuel is sloshed to the bo/om of the tank so turbo pumps can pump it into the engine .
the slash baffles maintained the balance of the fuel and other words they did not allowed the fuel to swim around the tank and I'm protect their ways they kept it consistent balanced flow into the turbo
Is liquid hydrogen clear? at 20 K?
1 inch to the gallon :)
In addition to all of the other accomplishments, you are looking at nearly the entire planetary supply of liquid hydrogen in 1967.
When you watch a SV liftoff, that is nearly all of the liquid O2and H2 on the planet...in one place.
Probably not. Soviet had a lot of LOX, needed for their launch vehicles. Atlas, Thor amongst other launches needed LOX, and Centaur needed hydrogen.
This was before GoPros arrived on the scene C.P. Bacon. Recall this was the 1960"s
This is amazing I am curious what this orbital pass means? Can I get a little bit of an explanation
The booster was dropped in a low orbit. The camera is a remote feed, so every time it passed over the tracking station, it would get live footage for a few minutes. Eventually, it de-orbited.
Surprised to see the lack of anti-slosh baffles, like those in the kerosene tanks. I understand hydrogen being the lightest element, but it's still in liquid form and subject to sloshing about, right?
+M Cruse I am not an engineer, but I'd wager a guess that the anti slosh baffles are the circular ridges seen in the video. They are also on the kerosene tank video as well. The rectangular baffles on the kerosene tank video are the anti-vortex baffles. The ridges shown here and on the kerosene video would prevent propellant sloshing vertically up and down the tank, whereas the rectangular baffles in the kerosene tank prevent angular (swirling) motion from the fuel. There doesn't seem to be as much danger from the swirling motion of the hydrogen fuel as the kerosene.
Much of it has to do with the atmosphere. During the F1 firings, they went through violent vibrations and passed throub max-Q. Therefore, the 1st stage kerosene tanks had multiple baffling. But the J2 had a much more benign environment and required less baffling.
Exhilaration would keep it from sloshing . but as you can see as soon as the tank is jettisoned and it's in free fall it then it moves in any direction .
Mr Sunshines you’re gonna give yourself a heart attack buddy! just take some deep breaths... it’s all gonna be okay
so thats how !!!
I don't get why they need all that fires, if they have so much hydrogen!! Just fill up all the tanks with hydrogen, and let it float up to space!! Man, I'm just full of the clevers like this!! I wish I could go back in time and tell them this gem!!
Wish I had a camera set like this in my rides fuel cell...
How did they recover this, since the S-IVB would have burnt up on re-entry? Ita amazing how they even managed to install a camera inside a high pressure hydrogen tank!
nzoomed I think the cameras were jettisoned separately and parachuted down to the surface after reentry. (Oops just realized this stage went to the moon. Guess the data was transmitted back to Earth)
@@RandomNumber141 no, the camera canister was jettisoned while in free return trajectory.
It was not recovered. The camera is an electronic one. A Vidicon camera, the signal is sent to a ground station. This is then recorded on magnetic tape or/and kinescoped( as here) to film.
@@martinhughes2549 Its interesting they went to that effort to transmit the data electronically for this, but not for the cameras on the exhaust nozzle? Probably due to the quality of film being better I guess?
@@nzoomed Yes, in a launch the rocket would generate powerful vibrations causing Vidicon tubes to suffer from microphony , vibrations that build up in the camera tube distorting the image, so an electronic system would not work. In orbit that would not be such an issue. TV cameras did not have as much resolution as movie film. However a return from orbit canister system, such as in the Corona or Gambit spy satellites would have added excessive weight to the AS203 launch. So Vidicon tubes would work adequately, in this application.
So they have to put tv camera, video recorder and lights inside the tank. What kind of video recorder can stand such harsh conditions during start?
None. That's why they didn't.
Fiber optics.
RADIO WAVES. The signal is sent to a ground station. This is a film copy of a TV broadcast live from space. Hence the message put in front of the Kinescope monitor.
Wow the way that liquid O2 moved and the localized what looked like gas bubbles suspended in the liquid O2. cavitation ?????
That's not LOX. That's LH2.
Imagine this but with floors of hexagonal grating, and you've got a wet workshop skylab.
As you're watching this happen Columbia is pressing its way into orbit to dock with the International Space Station, Chris Ferguson, and other crewmembers eagerly await the dock with the International Space Station what a project what a success God Bless America
What are you talking about mate? Columbia never docked with the iss.
So I was originally thinking this comment was talking about DM2 (Crew Dragon Endeavour), but it can't be. The last flight Chris Ferguson was on was STS-135, in 2011, which used Atlantis (Columbia, A, didn't have docking hardware, and B, didn't exist anymore).
It's kinda impressive to live under a rock for that long.
Also, an "as you're watching this happen" comment, on a static video? Of a thing in the 60's?
This comment is triple-nonsensical. I wonder if it's accidental?
I'm looking at this but I can't see this as liquid hydrogen. Looks like water to me, logically I can understand if you stick your finger in it, as Paul Martin said, it will break off like a popsicle stick. I wonder how they manage to get this footage from something so cold.
Fiberscope. Fiber optic camera.
Wow, amazing stuff. How do they get the liquid back to the "bottom" of the tank in order to fire the stage again? Also, what fills the tank as the liquid is drawn out (just air, some inert gas)? Very interesting.
They used what's called "Ullage motors". Basically, they're small solid rockets that push the stage forward so the fuel would fall back into the bottom of the tank.
astropapi1 I've always wondered this. Thanks for clearing it up!
astropapi1 Makes sense, now go back to blowing up rockets jebediah!
+batkins61 I don't think anything fills the tank when it is in the vacuum of space.
+batkins61 The tank is (re)filled with Gaseous Hydrogen and Gaseous Helium. Used to create positive tank pressure to ensure proper turbopump operation.
I wonder how they illuminated the interior to get the video
by lights
It was an early use of fiber optics, both the light and and the lens/camera. You can look up "S-IVb fiber optics." There will be links for other places on the ship where they used the cameras and lights too. The whole Apollo program was very well documented, so much of it was original work on the subjects. With everything available from back then, it's frustrating how little is being published about the current SLS/Orion system today.
Most of the old stuff was destroyed by neglect... it was left in an old blockhouse instead of being curated. Sad.
@noxxi knox Old comment, but it would be fine :) You need an oxidizer for fuel to burn, a candle would instantly extinguish in the hydrogen/helium atmosphere inside the tank.
@noxxi knox Yeah it was Cody's Lab! He did a few fuels and it was amazing!
What changed with the "3rd orbital pass?"
Some fuel probably stuck to the camera and then more and more collected there, held by surface tension.
My guess is a camera mounted by the nozzle facing up
7:36 trippy
Ice cold Grey Goose in orbit. Makes me thirsty just looking at it. Sure this isn't footage from the Mir?
The Dollar Guy I'd buy that for a dollar!
How’d they even get a camera in there?
Camera outside, view into the tank using fibre-optics.
How did they get the footage from inside the tank if it was jettisoned from the other stage didn’t it burn up in the atmosphere? Because I don’t think back then they had wireless cameras like they do today! They would’ve had wireless cameras on the shuttle like they did in 2011 Columbia disaster would’ve never of happened because they would’ve been able to see the wind damage right away! Camera inside the tank must start filming right at lunch.
According to older comments, the camera was outside the tank, and given a view inside by fibre-optics. And it was a video camera which transmitted live to any ground station in view.
Aah hydrogen seems to missing oxygen in there and a spark in their love.
10:06 what IS that????
It's the liquid hydrogen floating around in freefall.
I am grooving on this with every ounce of my toxic masculinity! Thanks
I stubbed my cigarette out before watching this.
helluva gulp!
hydrogen ice forming at 16:30?
No. It's the bubbles hitting the window thru which the scene is being filmed and alowing greater clarity, as the camera isn't having to focus thru the fluid.
2:00 ignition...
...muah, it was thirst!
That camera did not care for the vibrations.
What type of camera was used? I'm surprised it could work at such low temperatures. Also, how did they light-up the interior safely so the whole thing didn't explode?
Charles Martel Fiberoptics were used to get a look inside the tank.
Didn't Saturn 1B's use a modified Kerosene, and not Hydrogen?
First stage used kerosene. Second stage was the same as the Saturn V third stage, and used LH2.
What possible fucking reason is there to give this video a thumbs down?
whilst i admire the advancement of tech,i have an uncanny feeling towards the 2/3 ppl that sat atop such a machine.jeez,,,would you do it? not so much cutting edge and "the norm" moreso,,,,umm is this a good idea houston? but my respect to all that dared.
+jeff burbank I would do it in a heartbeat ahah
I like Alan Shepard's joke about being in the capsule on launch day "thinking of being on top of a machine built by a bunch of lowest-bid contractors."
I thought the fuel was diesel and liquid oxygen not hydrogen, wouldn't hydrogen suck do to its low energy per wait
Hydrogen offers the highest energy per unit of mass ,the problem is its very low density as a liquid
I thought they used Rubber
R Robin - The lower stage was the Kerosene and LO2 mix, the rest used LH2 and LO2.
Bad - Rubber was Spaceship One.
Due* weight*
Propulsion has as much to do with the future of space travel as buggy whips have to do with the Indianapolis 500!
I don't know how you got to that...does propulsion not mean "THRUST"?
Don Peregrine yes, for space 'travel' propulsion usually requires burning fossil fuel. Propulsion Is extremely limiting as a means to travel any meaningful distance in space. For instance, under the present (propulsion) system it would take Voyager approximately half a billion years to reach the (relatively nearby) centre of our own galaxy.
So whats the next system?
Don Peregrine Give him some time he's hard at work diligently trying to figure it out
12:03 looks like a scary face
the hydrogen is boiling
Hi Yaw Pitch Rull dance Hydrogenessiss is:
Not sure why but watching this video makes me feel very uncomfortable lol
I got some paint drying right now.... watch more of this or the paint?
Nice one!
But this was all faked….remember???
So they can afford to build a rocket but not afford to fit a decent camera. GoPros are like $500 at most these days. In old money it would be like $4000 at tops.
+Chris P. Bacon they totally had gopros in 1966
+Chris P. Bacon I doubt the gopro was around in the 60's
+Chris P. Bacon Not sure if troll or just very, very stupid.
+OhFishyFish Now-a-days, stupid is the default choice
These are some Ken M. level of replies