The Enigma Machine: The Totally, Definitely, Absolutely Unbreakable Sequence of German War Codes
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how is this comment 2 days old
Please do a Video on ITER Tokamak
Finally
THANK YOU SOOOOOO MUCH FOR DOING THIS ONE!!!!!!!!!!!!
That transition to the ad was amazing.
I highly appreciate your emphasis on the Polish contribution. It is often overlooked, and not only in the breaking of the Enigma code. This is partly because Poland ended up at the wrong side of the iron curtain, which was the reason the Dutch government advised against granting the Military Willemsorder to the Polish parachute army for their role during the battle for Arnhem. Only in 2006 this honour was granted by queen Beatrix.
Before watching this, I was totally unaware of the Polish contribution and thank you. In hindisght.. Not surprised. But I didn't know and yes, it is way overlooked (and undersung).
It truly is a lesser known fact but thankfully in recent times most military historians recognize this as a crucial part to cracking the enigma
I didn't learn about the polish code breakers and mathematicians and spies who risked so much to get that information to the allies until long after I left school. I didn't even learn it from The History Channel when that was still a good channel which is disappointing to say the least.
I'm forever grateful for their contributions and I only hope that they are held to the same regards as the staff of Bletchley Park in the future and that schools tell their stories alongside that of our own code breakers and mathematicians.
I was shocked that more information wasn't added about Welchman. On CZcams you can find BBC video about him stately that his contribution was as great as Turing. In fact, without Welchman, the BOMBE would not have worked fast enough to decode Enigma in time to be useful. He designed the electronic "diagonal board" that sped up the BOMBE to decrypt in almost real-time. He also invented "traffic analysis" as the BBC video points out. His contributions are still top secret today which is why we've rarely heard of him. Just like Turning, Welchman was ruined by the intelligence community because as the NSA told him, "secrecy is more important than liberty". See this link for the BBC video about him czcams.com/video/xnr4pM-ntdc/video.html
@@johngreninger4071 Great bit of additional info, thanks for sharing. :)
There's so many people who died before their contributions were recognised and were abused by their governments both at the time and after and it's absolutely heartbreaking, these people all worked incredibly hard to secure a better future for everyone that they themselves weren't able to experience and they deserve better even if they're no longer here to receive that recognition.
I guess that's the lot of most who fought in the war or contributed to ending it sooner, sacrifice everything and give every last ounce of strength both physically and mentally only to be cast aside like a used tissue during peace time. :'(
Suggestion: The Navajo Wind/Code Talkers of WW2. They developed a code based on their native language which was unbreakable.
Agreed. It was so effective that it was classified until the late sixties (68 I think)
Even if Simon doesn't cover it, you sparked my interest to research this, thank you
The code was not really unbreakable, but since only a few dozen non-Navajos knew the Navajo language, and since the language is very hard for adults to learn (there is no such thing as a regular verb, for example), the code was practically unbreakable. If the Japanese had had a sufficient number of Navajo speakers, the code could have been broken.
I have read that the Irish contingent of the UN forces in the Congo in the 1960s used the Irish language in a similar way. While the Irish language was more widely known than Navajo, it was little-enough known that the technique was effective.
I didn’t think this was an actual thing, they mention it often in xfiles story lines but thought it was just xfiles imaginary stuff. This is really cool
@@michaelsommers2356 It was unbreakable. The Japanese did not "have a sufficient number of Navajo speakers" because there were no Navajos in Japan. Yes, it was really unbreakable.
Turing was a genius but few mention Flowers. Flowers was a telecom engineer who built the computers, often using his own money. He struggled after the war and due to Secrets Act could not discuss the great work he did and use it to get work
Huh... Didn't expect to see Baj here... Interesting you point out Flowers though! As a history student I'd briefly heard about him, but I didn't know his contributions went that far!
@@sanderbenning1182 Flowers worked on a related project at Bletchley Park, breaking a less widely used but more difficult series of encryption machines, the Lorenz ciphers (code-named 'Tunny' by the British). He realized that they would need a more powerful device than the Bombes for the job, which led to the development of the Colossus machines, which were some of the first general-purpose mostly-electronic computers (though they were not fully software programmable, as with later computers). However, these were not declassified until well after the Bombes were, and also played a smaller overall role in the war, which is part of why Flowers is less well-known than Turing (though Turing's other contributions to computation both before and after the war were more than enough to earn his place in history).
It's not England if they don't quietly torture the excellent.
I didn't know about Mr Flowers but I'm ever so glad that I've just found out. It is so often the unsung and forgotten heroes are never discussed but now I know of him I will try to find out more, thank you.
Yeah he figured out the valves for them and helped built Colossus. Truely an unsung hero
Churchill's response to the request from Bletchly was said to have been a very simple
"Give them whatever they want"
I've had two times when going straight to the top ended just as swimmingly for me. Neither were during war, but I did go a few rungs up now and then during OIF I, with good results. 😁
It always makes my blood boil when I think about how Turing was treated after the war.
It's a 1940s version of cancel culture.
@@khaccanhle1930 cancel culture is consequence culture. Turing was guilty of nothing but love and brilliance.
@@khaccanhle1930 Nah, cancel culture is a term the GOP throw out as distraction when faced with repercussions for their bad behavior or when they're fishing for a wedge issue.
Alan Turing was the victim of institutionalized discrimination.
SAME
It was his own dumbass fault. If a cop asks if you're doing something illegal you deny it, not admit it and think nothing will happen, particularly if it's sexual in nature. Duh, he may have been an OG computer nerd but had the street smarts of an OG idiot. It's like if the cops asked John Wayne Gacy if he had corpses hidden in his crawlspace and he simply replied, "Yes, what of it?". Or asked Michael Jackson if he had sex with the kid with cancer and he replied "Yes, I couldn't resist".
So glad you gave the Poles and Welchman their due credit.
I was hoping he would give me great great uncle credit
Absolutely! 300,000 Poles also fought for the Nazis, many also guarded concentration camps with the Waffen-SS.
The poles gave the methods for sure
@@tomx641 Ah but they(the poles) always excuse that by stating that their "Government" didn't "officially" support the nazis.
@@tomx641 NOT the majority of Poles and explicitly not the three cryptographers whose reputations you are pathetically slurring.
Don't forget Tommy Flowers who designed and built Colossus at Bletchley Park. The world's first programmable, electronic, digital computer Colossus would be used to decipher Enigma messages as well as the more complex Lorenz cipher used by German High Command. Tommy Flowers didn't get much recognition after the war.
Worth while looking him up. Also what happened to Colossus after the war.
Colossus was not used on Enigma; it was used on the Lorenz on-line teleprinter cipher.
Definitely is worth covering though
Well, the Zuse Z3 computer was built, finished and in use before the Colossus and was used by the Germans, among other things, to design the V2. It, too was a programmable digital computer.
To keep Colossus secret most of them were destroyed along with all documentation. Of course being an engineer myself I have to believe a few parts went home with people in spite of the Official Secrets Act.
@@andyfawcett4666 things always go home with engineers whether they are meant to or not. Eventually to sit in the junk bin or on the shelf somewhere in someone's shed
One of the best Megaprojects I've ever watched. I cried at the end of The Imitation Game the first time I watched it. The way Mr. Turing was treated by his own country was criminal.
The imitation game is a fantastic movie, the ending got me in the feels as well. Thousands if not tens of thousands of people owe their lives to Alan Turing.
Don’t forget that The Imitation Game is semi fiction. A lot of the stuff in the movie never happened. People who knew Turing at Bletchley knew he was gay, it wasn’t a big secret. It’s also not necessarily the case that his suicide was connected to his conviction or his subsequent treatment. Try reading a decent biography of him.
Me too
No letter could encrypt as itself ..... that was the most important thing. That bug , changed everything.
Plus they started off every transmission with Heil Hitler. They also put skulls on their uniforms like some stupid movie character bad guy! 😳
BTW my family were all German so I’m intimately aware of how incredibly smart/stupid, empathetic/psychopathic and family oriented/nationalist. Weird peoples. 🙃
And the Germans thought that the "reflector", which caused that bug, actually increased the strength of Enigma. There is a lesson there: be very, very suspicious of any proposed change to make a crypto algorithm "easier to use".
@@john-paulsilke893 I'm pretty sure the "Heil Hitler" thing is not true, although there were plenty of other cribs that were used. This page ( www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-beds-bucks-herts-48530228 ) contains some sample messages, and none of them contains the phrase "Heil Hitler".
The Americans (and maybe the British, too) greatly reduced the utility of cribs by adding nonsense text before and after their messages, and then splitting the messages in two, and sending them in reverse order.
@@john-paulsilke893 to be fair many units throughout history put skulls on their uniforms. The skull was only worn on SS-Totenkopf Units (Death's Heads) in Nazi Germany. This skull had nothing to do with being evil, it was actually used by several cavalry units in Prussia from as early as the 1700s. The SS simply used the symbol as it had German heritage.
"It wasn't a bug. It was a feature." -Enigma engineers
Alan Turing is one of my Heroes. I know he didn’t fight as such, but through his Intellect and his great mind, he did save thousands of lives without praise or recognition. Only to be victimised for his sexual orientation.
He deserved recognition during his time. Such brilliance wasted by the people he helped. Deplorable. 😢
His being autistic, and thus not particularly good at handling social situations, didn't exactly helped him either
One of my cat's names is Turing. Absolute legend of a man.
R.I.P Alan Turing, you were born at the right and the wrong time, you helped save thousands of lives, but would ultimately be condemned by the people you helped.
Take a drink for that chap.
He was an amazing person and a hero.
It's truly damn tragic. You contribute your blood and sweat to a task that proved invaluable in defeating a very real evil in the world only to be condemned because of who you're attracted to. The Nazis executed homosexuals, the british castrated them and forced them to live in shame, I honestly don't know which is worse.
@@diablerietandino1941 We must be careful of going the way of collective national guilt...the people who destroyed this mans life are all dead by now....Not unlike the present BLM movement trying to make me feel guilty about my heritage...
@@brianperry I'd have to disagree, Britain as a nation deserves to feel collective guilt over the way the likes of Turing were treated right up until the decriminalisation of homosexuality. It's unforgiveable that we treated people, human beings, like we did.
There is a book called "The Code Book" by Simon Singh, that has some really informational pictures about how the dials work.
There’s an app for the iPhone called Mininigma that emulates the enigma machine, complete with interchangeable rotors and the plugboard. It really lets you see how the machine works.
It's a great book.
@@denvan3143 Thanks! I'll have to give it a look!
@@ANonymous-mo6xp was going to say the same. Great read on the history of codes and codebreaking.
@@denvan3143 there's also a implementation in cryptool, so you can play around with it and try to break the code yourself!
1:35 - Chapter 1 - The enigma machine
3:45 - Chapter 2 - Background
4:45 - Chapter 3 - The unbreakable enigma machine
5:35 - Mid roll ads
6:55 - Chapter 4 - The 1st bombes
8:55 - Chapter 5 - Lucky breaks
11:30 - Chapter 6 - The expanding bombes
14:00 - Chapter 7 - Impact on the war
15:55 - Chapter 8 - The human touch
Allan Turing will be on the new £50 note that will be released 23 June 2021.
Ironic that they made him a criminal and will put him on the bill used only by criminals.
Still doesn't make up for the hell they put him through for the crime of being himself. The conservatives of this world have a long history of doing that.
@@Angelalynx999 Well, should murderers and soped be allowed to be themselves? FUCK NO. I know, let's legalize ytilaitsaeb and ailihpodep while we are at it just because weirdo progressives want to. /sarcasm. Nothing put on TV or the internet can convince me that fucked up shit is normal.
@@Angelalynx999 Ahhh, but the ones who put him through that were Labour, that abominablr pillock, Atlee and his Lefty cronies. Remember, Communists killed gays just as eagerly and in vastly greater numbers than any "conservatives."
No one will ever see those as we don’t use them. Stupid notes.
Thank you! The contributions of the Polish code breakers is barely mentioned in other stories of the Enigma machine.
Didn't the Americans discover all that codey stuff on a submarine ;)
@@kamilszadkowski8864 16:20
@@kamilszadkowski8864 watch the whole video :)
HMS Broadway is as close to merican sounding as it gets...
To Allen Turing, the inventor of the modern day computer and quite possibly the world's first hacker. RIP and thank you.
Alan, Not Allen
Even Blade runner movie gave him a nod. The way they tested for Replicants vs humans used a "Turing" test. Poor turtle upside down baking in the hot sun 🐢🌞
like most hackers snuck in through a security breach by some imbecile! Password123................ Enigma had a specific set of instructions and if the entire Communications team at NAZI land had of followed orders there wouldn't of been jackshit in return :) its like calling your brother a hacker when he knows your birthdate is your password but hasnt told you yet.
Nice to see someone using the proper meaning of "hacker" and not the popular corruption of it. ie- criminal
@@lillyanneserrelio2187 Except in BladeRunner the test is called "Void-Kampf"
Lets skirt around the contribution that a British General Post Office engineer made to the effort, Tommy Flowers was instrumental in building the colossus machine.
An engineering genius that took in the ideas of Alan Turin and made them reality. As we all know Scientists think of an idea, Engineers make them come true.
15:07 "The formidable Bismarck was *finally* sunk..."
Simon, I don't think that's the best choice of words for sinking a ship on its first combat patrol.
But look a the effort it took! As compared to a "lucky" single shell for the HMS Hood. Luck indeed.
I love all of Simon’s (And his crew) channels. It always astounds me the thoroughness of the topic being presented. They always give credit to the lesser known individuals that play a critical part in whatever topic they instruct on. My children love the videos. Keep up the good work. Simon and his crew deserve a Netflix show.
"Surfshark: better than the Nazis" is a hell of a sales pitch Simon
I am waiting for their rockets reaching space, having military technology ahead of any other country ...
Modern encryption used on the Internet are thousands of times more complex than Enigma so yes, technically true ;)
@@ChineseKiwi but when compared to its time...
Well I mean I can't argue with him
@@patricktho6546 In terms of bit encryption, the enigma was only 76-bit. Most civilian encryption methods start at 128-bit, military encryption starts at 256 to 512-bit. To break military level encryption with today's technology you'd need a super-computer and a couple of days or weeks, practically impossible (by the time its broken, the information is useless). In the 1940s, it would be virtually impossible, it would take years to break one message.
My grandmother worked as a code breaker for the Waves in the US Navy.
There is a story about a young man and woman working at Bletchley Park but in different departments. They met in the village, married, and it was not until after the war's end did they find out their spouse also worked there.
Only alluded to, the longer lasting important impact of Turing and Co. at Bletchley was the development of what is known as 'Network Analyis' - which was the basis for the determination of, among other things, the 'weather messages', and several other obscure, but vitally important pieces to the understanding of German communications, with applications long afterwards, to this very day.
one has to wonder how much computer science may have advanced if Turing had lived a lot longer.
How many others geniuses like him have been lost, persecuted for stupid reasons. How much more they could have contributed to society. Those Short sighted fools. That Mob mentality. Too easy to hate. Disgusting. I hate all those haters.
@@lillyanneserrelio2187 agreed.
Just like galileo galileo who tragically died because of the church who was not agreeing with the cardinals not with the bible because the bible was never taught by cardinals or preachers they had taught only the convenient thing out of context just for their goals much like British government with Alan touring and they remain in comparison with other allied countries after second World War that even today they can't keep up because so many countries surpass Britain in all kinds of fields
My father taught me about this when I was a kid and I've always found it to be one of the most fascinating yet underappreciated stories from the war.
Codes and code breakers of WW2 were and are absolutely amazing. As stated, while the enigma machine and the code breakers were pretty amazing the human factor was the real key. Methodically thinking through material and the casual losses of material by the Germans really was the true reason for success at Bletchley park.
The code breakers of the Pacific theater provided enough material to give Admiral Nimitz a slight advantage over the Japanese. The intelligence of Nimitz and the skill of the US Navy personnel is what really sank 4 Japanese aircraft carriers in the battle of Midway. The greatest naval victory of all time, was a victory for all of the Americans involved, not just the people who cracked the Japanese messages.The victory at Midway provided the critical element needed to defeat the Japanese, time. The time needed for the ships, that were under construction, to make it into the war in the Pacific.
One of the most important contributions to the Allied success in WW2 was the contributions of the Navajo people. The Navajo gave America the unprecedented power of coded messaging that was never decoded.
Great video! Yall take care and be safe, John
Although Alan Turing is most closely associated with the Enigma Machine, a significant detail left out of this episode was that the machine was designed by the brilliant German engineer Arthur Scherbius. An amazing dude.
Thank you so much for mentioning Polish contribution.
There was a very good documentary movie about Gordon Welchman called "The Codebreaker Who Hacked Hitler" on the Smithsonian Channel. Welchman also wrote a book in his last years "Bletchley Park: Code Breakings Forgotten Genius". Welchman was a contemporary and fellow co-worker with Alan Turing. Both were misaligned by their bosses after the war.
Alan Turing was a war hero who the British Government chemically castrated and he eventually took his own life as a result of the poor treatment he received after being outed as a gay man.
Yes. He would have been better received having sex with one of his decoding machines. There was no anti computer/ machine sex laws on the books yet.
They used his genius to help win the war but it bought him no leeway, no special treatment. Their behavior was despicable.
Turing, you're the man! 👍
To Turing. Cheers mate 🥂
From what I've read about Turing it's unclear whether it was suicide or not. He was a notoriously careless experimenter that happened to be working with arsenic at the time. It's perfectly possible he didn't intend to eat a poisoned apple. The man ate an apple before bed every night and it may have been contaminated. I'm not ruling out suicide, I'm only saying it's unclear.
@@timtheskeptic1147 yes I’ve heard this too. He did a lot more than just break code, and theorised digital calculations before such machines existed. According to a professor of forensics, he also ran his own biology based experiments and there was the use of arsenic in those experiments as well. It is possible he accidentally polluted his apple in this way. Regardless, he was a great man, and society could of treated him better.
@@stevev9885 if it weren't for him the British would've been auctioning off pier mollusks in 1941.
Drachinifel has a good, more in depth video on the Enigma if anyone's interested.
Video title is "Breaking Enigma - Exploiting a Pole Position" for anyone interested.
I went to Bletchley Park for a visit, it’s a very interesting day out . I would like to thank all the volunteers especially the tour guides, they make the visit much more enjoyable.
Many years ago, I read a book about Bletchley Park & the Enigma codebreakers. In it, the author said that they received a full set of drawings & diagrams of a diplomatic Enigma. Unbelievably, the German embassy in Warsaw, on a Friday, posted their machine back to Berlin just before the invasion. Over the weekend, the Poles disassembled the machine, made detailed drawings of it & sent them to the British, knowing they didn't have time to figure out exactly how it worked; the Germans were expecting their machine to arrive in Berlin after all. .
Can you explain, or point to an explanation, on how this helped to break the code?
@@BasementEngineer The code was already broken, the technology was known, the coding machine was known. Adding another encryption ring and changing the way the key was created meant that new, advanced decoding devices were needed and this was a huge contribution of the English to this project. Fortunately they had the ability, specialists and financial resources to develop their capabilities.
@@roadster241 Sorry, but you did not answer my question.
Already broken?? so they decided to source lots of man power, funds and diverting much needed attention from war stuff to crack it again?????🙄 Whatta plonker.
We should create a monument to Alan Turing somewhere in the world. He got shafted and the Allies owe him this. I'm writing this and you're reading this on a computer... thanks to him.
At least people that study computer sciences, do have an idea about Turing, via the Turing test, Turing machine and other names that have "Turing" in it.
Sadly, CS people are very small percentage in the world. More people should know.
I believe there is one in Manchester.
@@MConland Excellent.
Would definitely recommend visiting Bletchley Park and the Computing Museum next door.
I've been hearing about British code breaking for decades. Kudos to Alan Turing and his team for doing what they did.
What has always been absent from the story however, is any discussion of what the nazis were doing to break allied codes. I saw an interview some years ago, by a former nazi code breaker, who claimed to have done exactly this. Turns out, the nazis were reading a lot of British communications too. See:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_code_breaking_in_World_War_II
Probably on both sides, people felt so superior at cracking the other guy's code, that they failed to seriously consider it was happening to them. Perhaps we mostly hear about British successes, not failures ... because Germany lost the war.
One small thing. The German Railways the Reichsbahn also had an enigma network to encrypt the timetables of supply trains to the front and the trains to the concentration camps. Altough easily decoded, the Allies always thought that they were off, since the messages didn't make sense to them. In reality the Reichsbahn had a different vocabulary for internal use and used that in Enigma aswell.
That would've been given away the goose that laid the goldern eggs? , just has rommel did in the desert! .. War is war and morality has to be curbed for the lesser of two evils and leaving only sane level headedness to judge in the future...
It's extremely regrettable that we didn't accept those who helped us win the war. Not only Mr. Turing but also African American units and the Native American units that contributed, only to come back to segregation and life on reservations. We can only hope that the following generations appreciate the sacrifices that these men and women made to defeat the Nazis.
Whats that got to do with some brits cracking codes and inventing first computers??. Last time i checked they was no segregation of natives, the aboriginals untill the recent invasive colonialisation of GB was mainly all whtye...
I saw a documentary movie on this. It still trips me out that Lord Grantham had both of his son in laws working on the enigma machine with a Doctor that was a bit Strange and who’s girlfriend was a pirate.
Mathematics is truly fascinating in the world of computers. We have crazy amounts of computing powers today.
Thank you for treating Mr. Turing so respectfully. A sadly lost genius.
Megaprojects suggestion: Buran-Energia.
I have no idea what that is...but now need to know.
@@yt.personal.identification Buran was the Soviet space shuttle and Energia was the rocket used to get the shuttle into orbit.
@@OMGtheEbolaVirus Thanks!
I did Google it after your comment.
Now we just need Simon to Megaproject it.
@@yt.personal.identification I've been making this suggestion for a few months now.
Not gonna stop until it happens.
Skyships Eng has good videos on it.
A single man can't stop a war, but he can certainly START one. What that says about us as a species I do not know.
A single man can also stop a war, my favourite person in history stopped WWII by killing Hitler.
@@gigrant9194 only because he waited to kill him once the war was as good as over. German's biggest enemy throughout the whole war was Hitler himself. His ego, paranoia and total inability to understand strategy were by far the Allies biggest help. The amount of his soldiers he threw away by not letting them retreat when it was the only sane option, the incredible knack of green lighting totally the wrong experiments and technology at exactly the wrong time and then his all time master stroke, invading Russia and totally failing to ensure America stayed totally out of it. The man was a total genius at smacking himself in the head, right until the day he used a bullet instead of his hand....
@@itarry4 Russia was a preemptive strike at existing soviet Build up. the evidence was uncovered for this in the last few years.
the single man wasnt Turing but the lazy prick who didnt change his settings when operating the Enigma would be interesting too know who it was exactly as the Germans had pretty detailed info on postings and was a specific amount of trust etc for the operators so we could probably isolate and find out the actual German Communications guy who Bungled the Enigma secret :) getting the Machine was the easy part lol the True unsung hero is that Mystery German incompetent!
I would like to see you do a video on Thomas (Tommy) Harold Flowers the man that designed and built Colossus, the first programmable computer that was used to break the Lorenz cipher. Tommy was an unsung hero of Bletchley Park.
What about Z3?
About 6 years ago I was doing a job in a house in Seaford Rise in South Australia. The owner was a lovely older lady who was nice to talk to. All going well, and then I saw a few photos in a frame, obviously from the war. A cup of tea later I found out she was one of the de-coders at Bletchley! She was saying that all of the (mostly) women never knew what went on in the next room, but all did their job and in fact only later in the war did they truly understand what their work had done. She was 19 when she started. Such an amazing experience to meet her.
The tragedy of Turing has been repeated thousands of times through homophobia, racism, xenophobia, transphobia, and so on. How many contributions to society have been sidelined because of the shortsighted fear of the different? How many contributions to society have been LOST? We need the best from everyone.
Agreed, more then ever at a time like this. It's sad, I mean I don't agree homosexuals or the lgbtq but I also don't discriminate against them. Nobody should push there life choices or beliefs onto anyone else but we should all respect each other
@@COYOTE_N8 AGREED! wrong to discriminate.......equally wrong to be strong armed by the minorities.
@@martyzielinski2469 have my like.
he has been recognized in the UK by having him on the new £50 note
It also happens to independent creators : how many inventions, artworks have failed to stand the test of time ? How many Henri Rousseau, Ferdinand Cheval , Seraphine louis and other "ordinary people" have created amazing things and have almost been forgotten because they weren't "marketable" or "popular" ?
Thank god for the internet, we can see the sidelined contributions because of the shortsighted money-making industries...
The British Radar installation of WW2 would be a great MegaProject as well.
This is something that's always interested me about WW2, but it's often overlooked. I think that a good follow-up to this video would be something about the Navajo Code Talkers.
Absolutely superb condensed narrative of a very complex story. Thank you
YES SIMON more technologically videos please fact boi:)
With hindsight it is remarkable that the germans ended every message with 'that' phrase, giving away 2 vowels and 4 consonants. Coupled with weather report (wetterbericht), a further 3 consonants, that's a lot of information to feed into the cracking machine. (9/26 letters in the alphabet). Of course it still wasn't simple but once they had the machine able to do the patterns, those letters made it 'relatively' easy to quickly decode the german messages.
The Germans were probably a bit arrogant about the unbreakability of Engima. Donitz was sure transmissions from his U-boats were safe because he didn't think the Allies had technology capable of high-frequency direction finding, only low- and medium-frequency.
Simon has this way of almost apologizing on behalf of others. It's like he's the voice for the unsung heroes such as Alan Turing. He makes you feel almost guilty and proud at the same time. It's incredible his gift. My favorite one is when he did the video on the challenge. That one hit me hard. Thank you Simon and your team for all the wonderful content and happiness you bring to me and everyone who watches.
3:30 - High ranking officials did not use the Enigma machine to send messages. They used a Lorenz Cipher which is even harder to crack.
Oringinal breakers of the enigma Code... 3 Polish mathematicians!!
NOT UK, but in fact Poland! 🇵🇱
All just to get backstabbed by the allies 🤦🏼♂️..
I have heated debates with English citizens who insists Alan Turing is the end all be all when it comes to the enigma machine... I just laugh and try to set the record straight, but then Brits are a stubborn bunch! Wanting to take credit for every single thing!!
Dziękuje Polska! 🇵🇱
Marie Skłodowska I do not know if I got her last name right funny how when she got an international award the french would call her one of their own but if she got a french award she wasnt french what was up with that? Also I like her name Skłodowska better then the Curie name
That's like saying that because you taught someone basic multiplication, you must have taught them calculus.
After all, It's all "Just" maths right?
The poles gave the allies a very limited headstart on breaking the much more up-to-date enigma machines being used during the war.
The real breakthroughs often came when British armed forces managed to capture intact machines, or would you like to claim those actions as polish victories as well.
I get it, I really do. It must be tough knowing that many poles in the war wanted to side with nazi germany and that this fact brings great shame to the feckless poles of today.
@@Reinforce_Zweidude.... the amount of false slander you posting is equal to spreading misinformation!
the English govenremt came out years later to finally acknowledge the CRUCIAL ROLE POLES PLAYED! Without them, UK would not even have an actual Enigma machine to work with!!
It was broken time and time again in the 1930's up to the invasion of Poland.. what nore could you ask for? The broke the code, only to have the germans re do it, just to be broken again by the Poles... until the Poles were foced to flee!
and Poland was the only government to officially NEVER COLLABORATE with the Nazis... Not look at France, look at Ukraine, RUssia...
How many Poles are on the Yad Vashem? What country had the only Underground resistance to aide Jews? Google Zegota and educate yourself... igonarant as hell, dayum!
@@krzysztofpl5871 "without them, UK would not even have an actual Enigma machine to work with".
Exactly as I suggested, you would try to claim British armed forces victories as "polish".
So, are you suggesting that it was a polish ship that captured a German Uboat with it's machine and codebook intact?
Surely you wouldn't be so stupid to claim such a thing, but who knows with modern day poles(small p, because you're not worth the effort).
When it really mattered, it was the British codebreakers who did the work.
Screaming and stamping that your pathetic country did it 15 years beforehand on a code system that was phased out long before the war even began does nothing to alter the substance of reality.
Reality is that polish politicians and leaders collaborated with the nazis under a cover of "not collaborating lol".
Now get back to work, that kitchen isn't going to build itself, pole boy.
@@Reinforce_Zwei lol, So, fact is, the Poles broke the enigma code first, and without their help, the war would have been drawn out longer....
The Poles smuggled 2 enigma machines out of Poland... i'll wait for you to re-read my post... you missed ALOT!
Churchill was so spinless, he did not allow Polish Troops in the Victory of Europe day parade, as he did not want to offend Stalin.
I'd like to see you do a video on the ONLY unbroken code from WWII - the Navajo code talkers of the US Marines.
Upvoted..but this is not a code.. no transformation was done (example: with enigma ..they they might be ytwd lpos. But in Navajothey they is 'bi bi' )
There is a certain irony in the tale of the select group of Polish mathematicians who went to Berlin university to learn the skills to break the Enigma code. There is also a story that Churchill, after visiting Bletchley Park and meeting some of the 'interesting' and 'unique' individuals working there, commented to the Chief that "when I said to leave no stone unturned to get the right people, I didn't expect to be taken literally."
7:58 those dimensions seem spookily similar to my first laptop!
Thank you for this type of education, as important as financial education!
British Commandos: invested effort into breaking the Enigma and solved the headache
*70 years later in America
Hollywood: Let’s disguise a bunch of American troops as Germans onto a German ship, then let them approach the German sub carrying the Enigma and bag them and get outta there
Holywood does have weird logic sometimes
Great video as always. Numberphile also has a great video on the enigma machine.
From years ago, this has been one of the most FASCINATING things that I have ever heard of.
You just know somewhere out there Hitler was cursing his generals and admirals over this machine
@Stellvia Hoenheim did you watch the video and/or did some research
@Stellvia Hoenheim No, they did not.
If they knew we'd broken it, we'd have been back to square one as they'd have changed their cryptographic methods. Some information was used wherever we deemed the probability of the Wehrmacht suspecting a breach was low enough.
Need a follow up on Lorenz and Colossus please!
Cracking the less known Lorenz cypher was in another league all together
Saw an enigma machine at a gun show at the Pomona Fairgrounds in the 90s for $400. I still regret not buying it to this day!
I already know too many nerdy details about enigma cipher and the enigma machine, but of course I'm going to watch Simon talk about it!
This was a really well put together video, I had no idea of the polish starting off the work! Thank you for teaching us all
*Revised at 2:30PM CDT 4/17/21*
Great video, guys. Even condensed due to time factors, you told this extraordinary tale in a very interesting and informative fashion. If anyone hungers for more of the same, I recommend a documentary, "Breaking the Codes." I had the good fortune to discover both disks of this marvelous title in the discount listings of a paper video catalog (I was unable to afford internet access for five years, due to moving to a more expensive apartment). Originally as two separate videos, they've been reintroduced as a single video, "Breaking the Codes: The Rise of Enigma/The Triumph of the Codebreakers." They cover codebreaking from ancient times through the end of WWII, telling of the colossal mulishness of "Old Boy" politicians and military officers, and the hard work and ingenuity of people in all the Ally Nations. Fascinating. Stay safe, everyone.
Actually, one of your best. Thank you.
Truly incredible that this was all achieved with pure, boundless human intelligence and problem solving ability. The treatment of Turing by my government was an abomination; the man was a hero through and through.
@1:00 a place called Bletchley Park, a place that is about as far away from the sea as you can get. In fact, the actual furthest place from the sea is only a few miles away.
So... Why the picture of someone sitting by the sea when you start talking about it?
It's called mis-direction, just in case one of those pesky nazis is watching?
@@chazzyb8660 Funnily enough, that's true.
I spent most of my childhood (from the late 70's) living just outside Bletchley and even then road signs naming the town were limited.
During the war, they were all removed. Bletchley didn't exist. :D
Much awaited and deserved video
Great team! Love your presenting Simon and great writing by Olivier. Fantastic production. Watch these straight after business blaze videos. 👌
It's interesting that today all of us carry an Enigma Machine in their pockets.
You should watch the movie " The Imitation Game "
Take a look at a channel called 'Computerphile', they have some great video's on it.
@@garryturgiss8551 The film "Enigma" with Kate Winslet & Dougary Scott is also excellent.
Here early I think I'm starting to get these upload times subconsciously 😂
Suggestion: the Berlin Airlift during the Cold War.
Probably the largest, most technically difficult logistics operation in history, and in my opinion, definitely worth a video.
Alan Turing is one of my personal heroes. Just received a Conway Stewart Turing-Welchman Pen. Thanks for this video!
Polish matematicians broke the code of enigma 💪
The Polish nation has a lot to be proud of.
Mostly because they had gotten hold of one of the machines.
I heard they were the first to change a light bulb with a ladder...
Jk. It was a great task to accomplish.
Indeed. If you visit the Bletchley Park Museum then you find out about Henryk Zygalski , Jerzy Różycki and Marian Rejewski and the work they did to break the early Enigma machines. One interesting discovery was that the input rotor was arranged alphabetically 😀🤷♂️
Then got sold down the river to Stalin for their brilliance and dedication.
Almost forgot Simon as a refined, collected, mature human being was a thing
allegedly
Yes. If you stick with Business Blaze, say watching one on one day and another the next, it does come as a bit of a shock, doesn't it?🤣🤣🤣
@@tinaharnish dear lord I've binged Business Blaze to the moon
@@DangerAngelous 🤣🤣🤣
Thank you Simon.
Love all of your videos and each day look forward to new ones
I take it, that’s the door you walked into?😂😂😂
One can only imagine how much more he could have contributed to math and cryptography if people weren’t so damn homophobic.
Michaelangelo
And maths.
The ironic thing is that now people use computers to spread homophobic hate all over the internet.
It's not wrong of people being for homophobic but government shouldn't have intervened
Simon, I enjoy watching all your channels, thank you for the excellent presentation of interesting history and projects from around the world. You have asked for suggestions for megaprojects. I still think it amazing that launch complex 39 at Kennedy Space Centre was constructed in about 2 years, from the VAB to pads 39A and B, the 3 miles of roadway between the two, and the crawler transport machine and mobile launch pads. The launch pads themselves were much more than compacted sand covered with concrete, mazes of plumbing, electronics and communication equipment. And the mobile launchers were more than a box and tower for the Saturn V to sit upon until launch. Perhaps this might make a Megaproject documentary. Best wishes for all your future work.
During WWI, - I think Building 10 - held the code breaking machines. They knew of every Uboat on the Irish Coast. They knew the numbers, names of Captains, etc...
In fact, the Lusitania was sunk by a UBoat (that this unit knew the exact location of said uboat).
But, they could not tell the Lusitania (by radio) that they knew. If they had done so, the Germans would have changed their codes and that would have cost the British many long hours of breaking the codes and more shipping -- if not the war.
So, this unit (and the British Govt) allowed the Uboat to sink the Lusitania [for the morality of the loss of 200 plus individuals over the loss of the total war went to the loss of the total war]. This is called "wartime morality". The loss of 200 individuals pales in the loss of thousands and or millions.
The book I read on this stated that the code breakers languished with this "morality".
But, the govt did transmit a general warning, "Attention all shipping in (said area) Uboats are known to patrol this area and sink any shipping.".
The Govt had to be very vague and still warn shipping.
A German torpedo sunk the Lusitania, and she went down in 15 minutes or less.
The Germans claimed that she held munitions for England.
Of course, Britain denied it.
An expedition may years later proved some 100k rnds of 303 and other munitions laying on the sea floor (in the wreckage of the Lusitania - proving the Germans correct - she did have munitions in her holds and thus was no longer a Civilian Ship [but a wartime relief ship -- thus she was Military and a perfectly valid target])
www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/01/lusitania-salvage-warning-munitions-1982
www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/lusitania
archive.archaeology.org/0901/trenches/lusitania.html
www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1098904/Secret-Lusitania-Arms-challenges-Allied-claims-solely-passenger-ship.html
I highly recommend "the imitation game" an amazing movie based on this !
Unfortunately, the movie is highly inaccurate. I recommend reading up on the true story.
I think the movie is a nice intro that not just show about how difficult it was breaking enigma but also how tragic it was for the hero. I really didn't know the whole story until I watched this movie. Then it perked my interest to read more accurate material and go down the CS career. Let be honest if this movie was very accurate it would take a long time to watch with a lot of details that for the general audience wouldn't have mattered. If you were building a enigma cracking machine then no the movie isn't it. If you want to tell a simple tragic story then making a movie is a way to go to reach out to the masses. And tbh the majority of people will only remember the main plot and lose the rest of the detail. A heroic hero that was treated horribly because of who he was and couldn't even tell anyone how he saved everyone's else butt.
Good entertainment, garbage history.
@@aaronleverton4221 That's pretty much the motto of any Hollywood "true" story.
3:10 A to Zee? ZEE!?!?! Hand back the English card mate. It is a ZED! Zer Eh Der.
This video is for a mostly American audience.
@@Doochos Even more important to keep up standards then.
@@BoyceBailey Too right, mate!
Megaprojects was my first WhistlerTube channel.
But it was the OGBB that made me fall in love.
As a Bletchley resident, these stories always catch my interest. There was also Colossus, the first proper electronic computer.
fun fact: Pyry in polish means Potatoes ;) same as ziemniaki, kartofle ;).
And in finnish it's often used to describe a dense snowfall, lumipyry, in which lumi means snow.
enigma machine: nobody can understand me
woman on her best day ever: rookie
Wow, dude can't you just reign in your male chauvinism when this subject literally demonstrates that dozens of women helped out in cracking the Enigma codes. What is next? Poking fun of gay people?
Wow ! Great subject, I have always been interested in the Enigma Machines. Thanks for this Megaproject
Once again another great story thanks to you and your team
Who in their right mind disliked this video?? 🙄
Arthur Scherbius
Homophobes
Poles who want to pretend that their "code breakers" cracked the wartime enigma code and don't like it being pointed out that not only did the UK do all the hard work, but also that quite a number of poles worked with the nazis.
I'm surprised you didn't plug your Alan Turing video on Biographics...
You put so much good information in your documentaries. Thank You once again.
Hey Simon!
Thanks for providing so much wonderful educational content for me to binge while I work.
Back in the early 90's, some friends and I were tripping balls on acid when we sat down and devised a crazy method of encoding written text. We did it all on paper with pencils and a calculator. We started by assigning a random number to each letter in the alphabet, but we didn't limit it to 1-26. We gave each letter a random value between 1 and 500. We then came up with some crazy formula that we ran the values of each letter through and it would give us the value of the letter replacing the original. Because of the weird-ass way it worked, many words would come out with more letters than the original and we had a number next to each encoded word to indicate the number of letters in the original word. For example, the word "Light", when encoded, is "Phips-5". This number would also be used in the formula to decode the word. Some words still had the same amount of letters, but you still needed the number to decode it. One of my friends still has that shit written down after all these years, lol. We look back on it sometimes and wonder how the hell we came up with a working code like that while trippin' face.
Bletchley Park is quite famous now. But growing up in Milton Keynes during the early 1980s I had never heard of it, even though I was not bad at history, geography and general knowledge. Was it still a secret? Overshadowed by our famous concrete cows I guess.
I play guitar, so the most famous thing out of Bletchley for me is the 100 watt Marshall stack. The quintessential sound of rock and classic heavy metal.
Fantastic video, with information I had not seen before.
Megaprojects topic suggestion. US NATO installations in Europe. The spending to build the facilities, both mission focused and support, especially during the 80s was massive.