DIY Microbiology: Culturing bacteria using home materials and ingredients

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  • čas přidán 13. 11. 2020
  • This is a "do it yourself" way of culturing bacteria using kitchenware and ingredients.
  • Věda a technologie

Komentáře • 142

  • @wanderingfish
    @wanderingfish Před 3 lety +10

    More similar content please! This is helpful! :)

  • @jerryannmolaga8132
    @jerryannmolaga8132 Před 2 lety +2

    Done watching! Love this! ❤️❤️❤️
    👍😊

  • @chiakimaster
    @chiakimaster Před 2 lety +6

    Cheap and easy to replicate, great video ma'am!

  • @markjhonrepedionisio
    @markjhonrepedionisio Před 2 lety +1

    Thank you po ma'am for this amazing and informative experiment❣️

  • @ChristineValencia-lt1lj
    @ChristineValencia-lt1lj Před rokem +1

    great help for our micro and parasitology this sem, thank you po ma'am!!!💗

  • @CeIery
    @CeIery Před 2 lety +4

    Thank you for this simple and accessible agar plate tutorial it's a real life saver for my project 😭🙏

  • @nielvincansejo
    @nielvincansejo Před 3 lety +17

    Thanks a lot ma'am. I hope you would also consider demonstrating how is antimicrobial testing being done for extracts derived from plants or animals. Thank you

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 3 lety +1

      Welcome. Yes, I will. Just finding time to do it. Maybe this sembreak...

    • @louisphilippes.sullivan9050
      @louisphilippes.sullivan9050 Před rokem

      ​@@jhonamiemabuhay1886 pleasant morning Ma'am🙏🏻💐 have you tried it? I hope I can privately contact you also

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před rokem

      @@louisphilippes.sullivan9050 yes. a lot of times. yes you can look for me in fb

  • @recabs1.0.17
    @recabs1.0.17 Před 3 lety +1

    Hai ma'am. I already watched this many times with my classmate. Thank you po. It's very helpful to understand the lesson and the activity.
    God bless

  • @b12pagauitanjohnpatrickm.58

    Thanks alot ma'am! I've been searching procedures to do a bacterial culture at home for months now! this helps alot on our research project Thank you po!

    • @b12pagauitanjohnpatrickm.58
      @b12pagauitanjohnpatrickm.58 Před 2 lety

      Can I ask po, can we use an egg incubator po as a substitute incubator? it has a temp of 35-37C din po kasi, thanks a lot po

  • @lifeisbeautifull6921
    @lifeisbeautifull6921 Před 8 měsíci +1

    Can we grow bacillus thuringiensis bacteria by this process?

  • @sidassidas1619
    @sidassidas1619 Před 6 měsíci +1

    Helped me a lot

  • @norash-sharhmohammadsalleh2576

    Thank you so much Ma'am for this very helpful video. I'd like to ask though if using a colored gulaman is alright? Would the films still be visible?

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 2 lety

      I think yes. Colonies will still be visible. Pls try and let me know if you still get many colonies.

  • @dhirajrajput4165
    @dhirajrajput4165 Před 2 lety

    Mam which ingredients you add

  • @ahmadsalim1569
    @ahmadsalim1569 Před 2 lety +3

    That's great I would try that at home thanks
    But I have a question is all kinds of gelatin can be used???????????????

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 2 lety +1

      Maybe yes but I suggest gelatin from seaweed. Many bacteria can liquify gelatin but not many if the origin is similar to agar..

  • @christine2689
    @christine2689 Před 3 lety +1

    Gelatinase break down peptide bonds, which is present in protein-materials like the broth cube. But, agar is a carbohydrate, it is not a protein. How does the gelatinase produced by the bacteria degrade the culture medium? Is it because the broth cube/protein have been mixed well together with the agar solution that breaking peptide bonds also physically damage the agar? Thanks.

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 3 lety +1

      In my humble experience in laboratory, very few bacteria can degrade agar because it is cellulosic, made from algae extract. Gelatinase can work usually on gelatin made from animal extract which is usually 98-99% protein so you are right that it breaks down peptide bonds so it can solubilize gelatin.

    • @christine2689
      @christine2689 Před 3 lety

      @@jhonamiemabuhay1886 Thank you for replying Ma'am!

  • @OppaTV722
    @OppaTV722 Před 3 lety

    Wow! Galing! Gandaaaa.. miss you Ma’am Jho! From Korea with love ❤️ 😘

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 3 lety +1

      miss you more. mukha ka ng koreano. pasalubong pag uwi mo

    • @subhashithasivakumar2538
      @subhashithasivakumar2538 Před 3 lety

      Mam can you say what was the bacteria that has grown from the dust particles from the table? Name the bacteria please?

  • @jonathangamez9357
    @jonathangamez9357 Před 3 lety +1

    I'm done na po ma'am. Thank you po!

  • @michellebaldevaronaballest6373

    Hi Maam, May I ask what did you use as gelatin? knox dissolves after 3 days.

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 2 lety

      I used the common snack gelatin. Not sure what you have in your area but check ingredients. It has to be from natural seaweed..m

  • @amerainahdimangadap1153
    @amerainahdimangadap1153 Před 2 lety +2

    Hi ma'am, thank you for this video. May I ask po what contaminating action did you do on the sample E (the one in the jar lid) for it to have that visible colonies compared to samples A to D? Thank you.

  • @arabellafaye
    @arabellafaye Před rokem +1

    maam, is it required for the gulaman to have seawead extract or we can use the transparent one without the seaweed extract?

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před rokem

      I fear that without seaweed extract it will easily be liquified by many bacteria...

  • @mgaparaanngbuhay4794
    @mgaparaanngbuhay4794 Před 2 lety +1

    Hello .mam, could this culture media will also work with bacillus thuringiensis and trichoderma? Am a farmer

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 2 lety

      It may work as temporary culture medium if you have pure culture. For trichoderma, add a bit of sugar. Will not be good for isolation...

  • @BritishBeachcomber
    @BritishBeachcomber Před 5 měsíci +1

    You are using gelatine, made from animal collagen. Biologists normally use agar gel, made from seaweed. What is the difference?

  • @dhirajrajput4165
    @dhirajrajput4165 Před 2 lety

    Hlo madam can we prepare culture media for bacteria using natural ingredients plzz reply I'm doing project on it and suggest some natural ingredients plzz 🙏

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 2 lety

      Yes you can. You can find something like seaweed as solidifying ingredients, boil meat like chicken and beef as source of protein. You may add natural extracts.

  • @kuyslodi5508
    @kuyslodi5508 Před 2 lety +1

    Hello ma'am. How to sterilize plastic petri dish? Is it enough to use boiling water?

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 2 lety

      If used at home pwede na rin boiling water lang. If you have uv light you can use that too. In the lab, plastic petri dishes are disposables. You can buy it sterile then use it only once. It cannot withstand autoclaving.

  • @christine2689
    @christine2689 Před 3 lety +1

    Why do you need broth cubes po? What is the protein’s role in creating the culture medium?

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 3 lety +2

      The laboratory grade nutrient agar usually contains peptone, beef extract, and agar primarily as solidifying agent. In addition to these nutrients, some vitamins and some trace ingredients necessary for the growth of bacteria are also added. The peptone is the source of nitrogen or protein. The beef extract is the primary source of carbon which is essential for the formation of carbohydrates in the bacteria. It also contains other components like some vitamins, different trace minerals, organic compounds, and salts, which further enhance the growth of different organisms.
      Because I was only trying to make use of what is available at home, in the kitchen, I thought of using gelatin as it called (but really agar as they are made from 100% algae extract) to be the solidifying ingredient. I used beef cubes which is a replacement for two ingredients, the peptone and beef extract including different trace minerals, organic compounds, and salts for the purpose mentioned above.
      Protein is very important in culture media because it acts as a source of amino acids for the bacteria, necessary for gene expression.

    • @christine2689
      @christine2689 Před 3 lety +1

      @@jhonamiemabuhay1886 Thank you for replying Ma'am!

  • @johnrickycharlesgarcia4626

    Hello po Ma'am! We are tasked po kasi to take picture po after 2 days, 4 days and 7 days po tapos I may have pour the gelatin too early sa mold and as a result, the cover is slightly burry. Is it okay po to take picture without the lid off during those days? Or is it very dangerous to do so?

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 2 lety

      It is dangerous. You can devise a contained environment before opening it. Wipe the surface of the lid then put back before taking photo. Opening it without containment would mean contamination.

  • @lassie5555
    @lassie5555 Před rokem +2

    Ma'am gusto ko sana malaman kung pano gawin yung broth culture at home. I researched na need pa ng autoclave. Is it possible na may alternative way po to autoclave it? I need this po kasi to make my research feasible.

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před rokem

      Broth culture medium can be done similarly minus the gelatin as solidifying agent. Alternatively, you can boil meat preferrably beef to get extract for better medium. You may use pressure cooker to replace autoclave.

  • @baemax5769
    @baemax5769 Před 2 lety +2

    ma'am, is it ok if i'll use purified water instead of distilled and tap?

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 2 lety +1

      Distilled is the best but purified is better than tap. Yes you can use purified

    • @baemax5769
      @baemax5769 Před 2 lety +2

      @@jhonamiemabuhay1886 additional question maam hehe, is it ok if i'll put the whole bouillon beef cubes? im afraid baka mafail yung homemade agar ko po.. and what's the proper incubation po? thank u maam!!

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 2 lety +2

      @@baemax5769 hi. If you will use the whole cube it will darken na color of your medium. It will be difficult to see other colonies and maybe too much na ang trace elements like salt that may inhibit growth. Incubate at room temp not higher than 35 degrees para hindi magliquify

    • @baemax5769
      @baemax5769 Před 2 lety +2

      @@jhonamiemabuhay1886 omg, thank u so much maam!

  • @b12pagauitanjohnpatrickm.58

    Maam may I ask po if we can use an Egg incubator to incubate the bacterial culture? the incubator also runs on 35-37C but not that stable po since bumababa and tumataas, can we use it po as a substitute incubator

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 2 lety +1

      Yes, you can use it. Temp is just right. fluctuations is okay. better than ambient anyway...

  • @matmatabad6053
    @matmatabad6053 Před 2 lety +1

    Hi, is it okay po na medyo wet yung media? Due to the moist po after closing the container.

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 2 lety

      Medyo mahirap po yan sa characterization ng colonies. You poured your culture medium too early. Kung sobrang mainit pa sya magiging wet talaga yan. Wait ka until medyo warm na lang ang medium before mo ipour sa plates.

  • @aprilremvlogs7951
    @aprilremvlogs7951 Před 2 lety +1

    Good day ma'am, is it okay to use agar powder instead of gelatin?

  • @dainaroseflorencio5808
    @dainaroseflorencio5808 Před 2 lety +1

    maam what water did you use is it distilled?

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 2 lety

      Only purified. Dringking water at home kasi nga trying to do this with home ingredients. But if you can use distilled, a lot better.

  • @swethathangappan531
    @swethathangappan531 Před 9 měsíci

    What is the alternate for broth cube ? please reply ?

  • @cyrustv3649
    @cyrustv3649 Před 2 lety +2

    thank you so much po I'm really using this for our home based research testing, but i have 1 question po, how do you dispose the agar plates properly??

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 2 lety

      You cam simply put them in boiling water.

    • @cyrustv3649
      @cyrustv3649 Před 2 lety +1

      @@jhonamiemabuhay1886 oooh thank you po, ito nalang po yung need ko isagot sa research adviser namin, tysm po naperfect ko po yung performance task ko.

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 2 lety

      @@cyrustv3649 wow. Happy to hear that.

  • @jeffersonjoromat9026
    @jeffersonjoromat9026 Před 2 lety +1

    Ma'am Jo! Na kakamis ang lecture at Laboratory mo sa Microbiology na subject😁. Ang Galing mo pa din mag demo Ma'am 😁

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 2 lety

      Hehehe. Happy to hear that. Miss you all. Hope to see you again in the future. Amping.

  • @PeterPanNeverOld
    @PeterPanNeverOld Před 6 měsíci +1

    Maam kapag po ba binuksan yung petri dish hindi na pwede isarado ulit tapos mag palaki ng colony of bacteria

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 6 měsíci +1

      Pwede naman buksan pero dapat sa laminar flow or Basta sterile environment para hindi macontaminate. Tapos dapat may gloves at mask kasi baka pathogenic Yan.. pwede naman iprolong ang incubation para lumaki colonies..

  • @jhanalastrilla7170
    @jhanalastrilla7170 Před 2 lety +1

    Ma'am how to culture staphylococcus aureus bacteria po using gelatine? Need help for research defense po

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 2 lety

      Hi. Do you have a source of culture of S. aureus or you need to isolate?

  • @srhacking6939
    @srhacking6939 Před 2 lety +1

    Mam plzzz name that all chemical that you have used for this.

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 2 lety +1

      Filtered or purified water, 1/4 beef broth cube, gelatin made from 100% seaweed.

    • @srhacking6939
      @srhacking6939 Před 2 lety

      @@jhonamiemabuhay1886 thanks mam

  • @swethathangappan531
    @swethathangappan531 Před 9 měsíci +1

    Can we skip broth cube ?I dont have it

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 9 měsíci

      You can.. instead you can boil a small piece of beef or chicken meat..

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 9 měsíci

      Yes you can.. instead you can boil a small piece of beef or chicken meat.. to serve as broth stock..

    • @swethathangappan531
      @swethathangappan531 Před 9 měsíci

      @@jhonamiemabuhay1886 thanks mam im going to do this for my college work....thank you so much 😊

  • @gillaandreasardon4805
    @gillaandreasardon4805 Před 2 lety +1

    Good day po maam, bakit po pala bawal siya hawakan? so bawal mo po siya itransfer to any part of your body? And moreover po, when it comes to culturing good bacteria, same procedure lang po ba as shown in the video?

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 2 lety

      We are not sure kasi if what we are growing is bad or good bacteria. No way to tell. Mas okay mag-ingat. Same procedure lang although cannot separate bad from good bacteria kasi general culture medium sya...

  • @suialekzandriamhai3328
    @suialekzandriamhai3328 Před 3 lety +1

    Is it okay to use flavored gelatin po? Thank you!

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 3 lety +1

      It is better to use plain and unflavored coz flavoring might disrupt growth of microbes but if you want to try, why not. Then pls let me know the results. Microorganisms can grow just about anywhere...

    • @suialekzandriamhai3328
      @suialekzandriamhai3328 Před 3 lety +1

      I've tried before po using agar agar powder. Then overnight ko po sya nilagay sa ref, nagliquify pp agad sya 5 minutes after ilabas ref. Bakit po kaya?

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 3 lety +1

      @@suialekzandriamhai3328 try mo idouble concentration. Make sure natunaw ng husto ang powder. Kapag hindi sya natunaw, mabilis yan magliquify. Sa video, ang ginawa ko triple dose un...

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 3 lety

      @@sasaadap4754 if sa lab, you can do autoclaving. Pag sa bahay, boiling will be enough.

  • @sidneyibiom2867
    @sidneyibiom2867 Před rokem +1

    is it neccessary to add the cubes

  • @gillaandreasardon4805
    @gillaandreasardon4805 Před 2 lety +1

    Maam, how about using blood agar? okay po ba yun?

  • @leagajardo2819
    @leagajardo2819 Před 3 lety +1

    👍

  • @sharahmariebarredo5767
    @sharahmariebarredo5767 Před 3 lety +1

    ♥️

  • @riwaydaussaynie7909
    @riwaydaussaynie7909 Před 2 lety +1

    Good morning po maam😊, have a nice day po.

  • @tomecwaabiep.3961
    @tomecwaabiep.3961 Před rokem +1

    What are the ingredients?

  • @mondiafranzoliver5581
    @mondiafranzoliver5581 Před 9 měsíci +1

    Good eve po ma'am can I ask where to buy Pseudomonas putida (bacteria)?

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 9 měsíci

      We dont have and I dont know where to buy. Sorry I cannot help you.. will try to ask around..

  • @orakntoandmokindi
    @orakntoandmokindi Před rokem +1

    Ma'am student bio here😁 pa shoutout po ty po sa mga videos

  • @gillaandreasardon4805
    @gillaandreasardon4805 Před 2 lety +1

    THANKS PO

  • @ginacalindas1957
    @ginacalindas1957 Před 2 lety +1

    Good day po, Ma'am. Can I ask if by using this way of culturing bacteria will it be possible to grow Propionibacterium Acne Bacteria? And if yes, how to do it po?
    I'm a SHS STEM student and I need the bacteria for my research po.

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 2 lety

      Isolating bacteria needs selective culture media. It is possible to grow bacteria from acne but to determine which one is your target is very difficult to do

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 2 lety

      Where are you located? You can opt to buying Staphylococcus aureus from a lab near you

  • @baemax6905
    @baemax6905 Před 2 lety +1

    Hi maam! May i know po how did u know the microorganism's margin, color, elevation, texture, and shape po?

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 2 lety

      Hi. There is a guide for that.

    • @baemax6905
      @baemax6905 Před 2 lety +1

      Hi ma'am! Sorry for asking too much hehe. I just wanna know ma'am if there's condensates po, will I just invert it po?

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 2 lety +1

      @@baemax6905 if you were able to make your culture medium okay, you can incubate it upside down so moisture in the cover will be minimized.

    • @baemax6905
      @baemax6905 Před 2 lety +1

      @@jhonamiemabuhay1886 thank u Ma'am!

  • @janifahcapal1515
    @janifahcapal1515 Před 2 lety +1

    Thankyou ma'am it's very understandable and helpful po, if ever po can we use po a chicken cube instead of beef cube?

  • @xiajunsbella2.033
    @xiajunsbella2.033 Před 2 lety +1

    good day po ma'am. May I ask po how can I culture E.coli and staphylococcus aureus po? I need those po for my research paper

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 2 lety +1

      Difficult to do it at home. You will need selective culture media for isolation. If allowede kayo gumamit ng lab, doable naman sya sa lab. You can use culture media like EMB agar, TSB or BHI

    • @xiajunsbella2.033
      @xiajunsbella2.033 Před 2 lety +1

      @@jhonamiemabuhay1886 okay po, Ma'am. Thank you so much for answering, this is a great help since I've been struggling with this po. I'll just edit my paper and do what you did. I'll also give credits to you po. Thank you so much ulit

  • @L8rCloud
    @L8rCloud Před 4 měsíci +1

    As a hypothetical: What if you were stranded on an island and had to make penicillin from scratch …?
    How would you make your medium (if there were no Supermarkets)…??
    THAT would be an interesting video….if you were rebuilding civilisation and had to make penicillin from scratch, could you?

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před 4 měsíci +1

      Interesting. It would probably be possible considering that I know what to do, but it will take ages in the absence of materials and equipment. I would probably go for herbal plants as a source of antibiotic..

    • @L8rCloud
      @L8rCloud Před 4 měsíci

      @@jhonamiemabuhay1886
      Herbal salves/compresses would work for local infection - I've read that certain tribes used certain mosses and raw honey to dress wounds but as a treatment against something such as sepsis where the infection is throughout the body, would Herbal remedies be effect. Even Penicillin today has become ineffective against many infections.
      ...Also if herbal remedies WERE THAT effective you would think that they would already have been widely used during the many wars preceding the discovery of Penicillin in 1928 and it would have been redundant, right?

  • @akirasantos5187
    @akirasantos5187 Před 6 měsíci +1

    You should do more lab videos ma'am

  • @jiachenplayz2
    @jiachenplayz2 Před 2 lety +1

    I am interested in bacteria for a reason lol

  • @crizlynlumayag1839
    @crizlynlumayag1839 Před 3 lety +1

    Watched

  • @batiaoraul3555
    @batiaoraul3555 Před rokem +1

    interested in micro biology in agriculture

  • @balmeseducationtv2095

    permission to use your video madam for my science class, thank you

  • @lazygardeneasylife2774
    @lazygardeneasylife2774 Před rokem +1

    Hi po ma'am! isa akong farmer rice specialized nag reresearch ako ng mga microorganisms na makakatulong sa organic farming ko po. Nag aaral din ako kng ano ba talaga Ang kilangan ng bacteria and fungi to grow properly. At Ang isa Kong nalaman ay sa pamamagitan ng protein. Sana po meron akong maraming makuhang idea para makatulong sa pagsasaka.😊

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před rokem

      You can ask me..

    • @lazygardeneasylife2774
      @lazygardeneasylife2774 Před rokem

      @@jhonamiemabuhay1886 ma'am bakit ? Molasses Ang nilalagay na pagkain ng microbes po? Kc Ang sugar kapag subra Ang baba ng pH level nito. Meron po bang alternative para sa sugar or molasses? Ang ginagamit ko po kc ay kunting sugar lng mas marami Ang salt. Saging na hinog at kamote.
      Hnd po ba bumababa Ang pH ng lupa kapag molasses?

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před rokem

      @@lazygardeneasylife2774 Okay naman ang molasses. Kelangan lang tama ang amount na maconsume sya ng microorganisms para walang excess. Marami sa microbes, esp fungi need ample amount of sugar for metabolism. They thrive better in slightly acidic environment. Magandang experiment yan kung gusto mong gawin. pwede mo imonitor ang pH para makuha mo tamong amount ng ammendments mo

    • @lazygardeneasylife2774
      @lazygardeneasylife2774 Před rokem

      Ok po salamat po ma'am 😁 karagdagan lang po na tanong.
      Nabubuhay po ba Ang fungi sa anaerobic environment? Para kasing kadalasan nasa topsoil lng Ang fungi po. Sana masagot🙏
      Para magkaroon po ako ng better understanding 🙏🙏🙏❤️❤️❤️

    • @jhonamiemabuhay1886
      @jhonamiemabuhay1886  Před rokem

      @@lazygardeneasylife2774 meron din fungi sa sub soils or kahit sa medyo malalim pa na area. Meron pa rin amount ng oxygen. Pwede ang fungi sa anaerobic envi kung spores sila.

  • @razeljoycubillas6751
    @razeljoycubillas6751 Před 3 lety +1

    💓