Acids And Bases Salts And pH Level - What Are Acids Bases And Salts - What Is The pH Scale Explained
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- čas přidán 27. 07. 2024
- In this video we cover the basics on the chemical makeup of acids, bases, salts and the pH level.
Acids bases salts and ph level
Acids, bases and salts are inorganic substances that also belong to a group of compounds called electrolytes, which are substances that break up, or dissociate in solution, or water, to form charged particles or ions. The positive ions are called cations, and the negatively charged ions are called anions.
A water molecule is made up of an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms that are covalently bonded, or share electrons with the oxygen atom. However, the electrons are not shared equally within the molecule, as they have a higher probability of being found closer to the nucleus of the oxygen atom, giving that end a slightly negative charge.
So, the hydrogen atoms end of the molecule will have a slightly positive charge. These charged ends weakly attach the positive end of one water molecule to the negative end of an adjacent water molecule. This is attraction or bonding is called a hydrogen bond.
Sometimes this attraction of a hydrogen atom of one water molecule to another molecule becomes so strong that it actually detaches from its original molecule and attaches to the other water molecule. So this yields a hydronium or h3o positive ion, and a hydroxide or oh negative ion.
Also, water molecules continually dissociate to form positive hydrogen ions and negative hydroxide ions; this is a reversible reaction as noted by the formula h20 double arrow, or reversible reaction, positive hydrogen ion and negative hydroxide ion. The actual amount of these positive h3o or hydrogen ions in water is actually very very small. To make things easier to understand we will consider the positive h3o ion and the positive hydrogen ion as one in the same. So, in pure water, the amount of positive hydrogen ions and negative oh ions is the same.
Now for acids. An acid is any substance that when added to an aqueous solution, or water, will release a hydrogen ion or increase the concentration of hydrogen ions. So, how strong an acid is depends on the amount of hydrogen ions produced.
For instance hydrochloric acid or HCl, which is a hydrogen atom bonded to a chlorine atom, when added to solution or water will dissociate or break down into negative chlorine ions and positive hydrogen ions. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid, as it completely dissociates in water.
Now for bases. Bases are essentially the opposites of acids, in that they shift the hydrogen ion hydroxide ion balance in favor of the negative hydroxide ion. This can be done by increasing the number of hydroxide ions, or decreasing the number of hydrogen ions. For instance, sodium hydroxide or NaOh, will break down, or dissociate into positive Na ions and negative oh ions.
So, the balance has shifted in favor of the negative hydroxide ions, meaning sodium hydroxide is a base. Bases can also be strong or weak depending on how well they break apart, sodium hydroxide is a strong base.
This brings us next to the ph scale, which is basically an abbreviation for the phrase “the power of hydrogen”. So, the ph scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions of a solution, or it measures how acidic or basic a substance is. As the amount of positive hydrogen ions increases, the ph goes down, and the solution becomes more acidic. As the amount of positive hydrogen ions decreases, the ph goes up, and the solution becomes more basic.
On a ph scale, a ph of 7 means the solution is neutral, or the number of positive hydrogen ions equals the number of negative hydroxide or oh ions. A ph of less than 7 means the solution is more acidic or more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions, and a ph of greater than 7 means the solution is more basic, or more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions.
On the scale, hydrochloric acid, which we mentioned earlier, and is a produced in the stomach, is at the most acidic end having a ph of zero, vinegar has a ph of 3, coffee has a ph of 5, and pure water has ph of 7, making it neutral. On the opposite end, sodium hydroxide, which we mentioned earlier, is at the most basic or alkaline end having a ph of 14, ammonia has a ph of about 11, and baking soda has a ph of between 8 and 9.
Now we can look at salts. A salt is a chemical compound formed from the reaction of an acid with a base. So, hydrochloric acid, hcl can interact with sodium hydroxide naoh, a base, and form sodium chloride nacl and water h2o.
Timestamps
0:00 What are acids, bases and salts (overview)?
0:24 The structure of a water molecule as an example
2:10 What are acids?
2:49 What are bases?
3:32 The pH scale
5:02 What are salts?
Finally one that actually make sense!!!!!!
I’ve spent the last 10 hours trying to learn acids and bases to teach my kids next week and yours was THE BEST. Thank you for the fantastic explanation.
Thanks for sharing that Jayron Finan, it means a lot to hear that the video helped you out. Thank you.
So what do we call a base? To the compound itself NaOH (s) = base or to the solution NaOH (aq) = base? heeelp
@@quintinadossantos8194 The first one is a base, and the second one is a basic solution. If a compound that contains an OH group also contains a metal ion, then it is a base.
This video is actually amazing. It covered a lot in just 6 minutes! thanks a lot
seriously one of the best chemistry videos I've seen! at least for students, really summed everything up that I learned today
Wow!! I'm so glad that I found your channel and this explanation of acids & bases. After many many times of trying to solidify it in my brain, it took your video to do it. Just learning that pH is the "power of Hydrogen" is powerful!! I'd never heard of it after having read many explanations. That statement and your video clarified the entire pH concept. Thank you a million.
The most basic and simple to understand video. Finally the concept is clear for me! You have my good prayers
Thank you!!! I was having such a difficult time with this but you summed it all up :)
i never heard a better explaination than this ...excellent ..in just 6 min u have taught acid bases and salt
once again nice explanation sir ,,,,thank u
You are welcome ikram uddin, thanks for watching my friend.
One of the best channels for easy to understand anatomy and physiology videos. Thanks from an A&P professor. These really reinforce what I teach in the classroom and online.
Thanks Professor Shanna, it''s great to hear from you and students that the videos I created helped them to understand certain concepts more clearly. Thanks again for the kind words, and keep teaching, I believe it is important to at least have a basic understanding of how our bodies work. The more educated you are, the more powerful you are.
Super explanation. I wonder if anyone can explain acids and bases better than this
best chemistry video ever. i would recomend this video for all students👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍
When I graduate in 2030 I’ll never forget this dude that saved my life 😢
Bestest explanation available in youtube
Thank you so much. 😊 👍 ☺️😊💖
Thank you so much !!!
u r to much genius😊😊
I'm a junior high school chemistry teacher. Thank you very much for helping me with my teacher demo lab observation done by school admin.
You are welcome Tony Pepperoni.
Spot on this is an educational treasure thank you. all these things you have worked for are not used why? To me it is a money issue not regulated correctly Judgements that others do not understand. Thank you again
This helped a lot thanks 😌
WHAT A BEAST... 4 am clutch thanks you SOOO much
the perfect video, thank you for the work you do
I’m not even studying chemistry and I understood everything here. I took a look at this because I wanted to know the ins and outs of Soil pH.
I’m not sure if you’re the right person to ask, but if the solution is more acidic, would that mean there is a higher hydrogen to oxygen ratio? Since soil naturally becomes more acidic, where does all the oxygen go?
Wow am happy coz by now I know what is am acid
Hi, What's up dude, is this how certain substances act as anti-oxidants , they introduce hydrogen atoms which chemically bond with any oxygen atoms that are floating around and unbounded? I heard Lactobacillus (pH 3.8) which is slightly acidic is a great anti-oxidant but can't say why or how it works. If I may be so bold, a video on antioxidants would be great, how they work at a chemical level for my understanding is that lipids, trace metals, proteins etc can all oxidise and even polymerise as a direct consequence. Many thanks for taking the time, regards Robbie.
Hey Robbie, yes, you have it right, they donate hydrogen atoms, or electrons to make free radicals stable. And yes, free radicals can damage lipids, carbohydrates, metals, denature proteins, DNA and cause severe damage to cells. I have read a couple of articles on the anti-oxidant benefits of probiotic bacteria's such as Lactobacillus, but like you said, how exactly they work is not totally understood by researchers today. I do have a video on anti-oxidants and free radicals, but it is a very basic overview of them. Here are 2 great articles about how they work...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3249911/
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5452251/
This information was very helpful 🙂🙂🙂🙂🙂🙂
Thanks
nice
thanks, I was stuck on why strong acids have complete ionization and weak acids have partial ionization because my brain kept telling me if its attraction is weak in water isnt it a weaker acid? xD idk but thanks for that summary
So, do we call the solutions with the dissociated compound acids and bases? or the compounds themselves? that is, NaOH (aq) = base or NaOH (s) = base
?????
first reply and like
Why HCL release OH- ions??
What makes salts acidic or basic?
Just want I needed to know. Acid released H and bases release OH-
If pH is measured by hydrogen ions in a solution, then the Sun has a negative pH?
The only bond which I know is
James Bond
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