The Design of Roman and Medieval Castles
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- čas přidán 8. 07. 2014
- It is likely that the castle evolved from the practice of fortifying a lordly home. The greatest threat to a lord's home or hall was fire as it was usually a wooden structure. To protect against this, and keep other threats at bay, there were several courses of action available: create encircling earthworks to keep an enemy at a distance; build the hall in stone; or raise it up on an artificial mound, known as a motte, to present an obstacle to attackers. While the concept of ditches, ramparts, and stone walls as defensive measures is ancient, raising a motte is a medieval innovation.
A bank and ditch enclosure was a simple form of defense, and when found without an associated motte is called a ringwork; when the site was in use for a prolonged period, it was sometimes replaced by a more complex structure or enhanced by the addition of a stone curtain wall. Building the hall in stone did not necessarily make it immune to fire as it still had windows and a wooden door. This led to the elevation of windows to the first floor -- to make it harder to throw objects in -- and to change the entrance from ground floor to first floor. These features are seen in many surviving castle keeps, which were the more sophisticated version of halls. Castles were not just defensive sites but also enhanced a lord's control over his lands. They allowed the garrison to control the surrounding area, and formed a centre of administration, providing the lord with a place to hold court.
Building a castle sometimes required the permission of the king or other high authority. In 864 the King of West Francia, Charles the Bald, prohibited the construction of castella without his permission and ordered them all to be destroyed. This is perhaps the earliest reference to castles, though military historian R. Allen Brown points out that the word castella may have applied to any fortification at the time.
In some countries the monarch had little control over lords, or required the construction of new castles to aid in securing the land so was unconcerned about granting permission -- as was the case in England in the aftermath of the Norman Conquest and the Holy Land during the Crusades. Switzerland is an extreme case of there being no state control over who built castles, and as a result there were 4,000 in the country.[61] There are very few castles dated with certainty from the mid-9th century. Converted into a donjon around 950, Château de Doué-la-Fontaine in France is the oldest standing castle in Europe. - Auta a dopravní prostředky
I'm just learning about castles so I can build one on minecraft.
Thank you clear enough to understand and learn good work
now I know how to build my house!
Put subtitles on!
what is the name of the castle at 3:25?
England knew about basic castle design prior to the Norman conquest, how else did the Saxons deal with the threat of raids from the Nordic peoples and also repel Frankish incursions on our southern coast?
WE
WUZ
BRITTONS
AND SHIET
The English knew about basic castle design but not in stone, the Normans (Vikings by extension) brought that knowledge with them to England. If the English king at the time hadn't been so eager to attack two foreign armies in quick succession (the Vikings who landed up on the eastern coast of England, which the king defeated) and the Norman army to the South (which he lost against) England would have looked very different today. He would most likely have defeated the Normans, but because he didn't let his army rest (and himself) he lost. I believe his mother advised against attacking the Normans so quickly. Hmm, been a while since I read about this in school : )
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Киликия анарзаба Арарата
Nema oštrine.
i need a castle for the zombie apocalypse.THEY ARE COMING, THEY ARE COMING ,THEY ARE COMING,AND I NEEEEEED A CASTLE,or a tower or ford or something i,m not picky.whatever as long as i,m safe you know.