Adding Cl to Benzene: Electrophilic Substitution

Benzene can react with chlorine molecules, especially in the presence of a catalyst like AlCl3.
The electron density of benzene causes nearby Cl2 molecules to polarize; this makes one of the Cl atoms have a partial positive charge and susceptible to electrophilic attack. A double bond "breaks open" to attack the Cl; a Cl- ion leaves (some teacher show attachment to AlCl3 to become AlCl4-) and you've left with a carbocation intermediate.
This intermediate is stabilized by resonance.
The extra H that is attached to the same carbon as Cl is stolen away by the Cl- ion that originally fell off of the Cl2 molecule. This means HCl is your byproduct.
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[@moleculeman4653]

Actually, Cl2 forms a complex with AlCl3. The "Cl-Cl-AlCl3" (formal positive charge on 2nd Cl and formal negative charge on Al). The "un-complexed Cl" is the actual electrophile.

[@sama534]

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[@KishanPATEL-nw3ln]

Hi
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[@sisan99999]

br2 albr3 mechanism

[@lallawmzuali5099]

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