Can Life Really Be Explained By Physics? (featuring Prof. Brian Cox)

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  • čas přidán 30. 06. 2024
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    I recently got to sit down with physicist and science communicator extraordinaire Prof. Brian Cox. Did we talk about black holes, the Big Bang, or alien worlds? Nope! We talked about biology. Specifically, what is “life” and how did it begin? You might not expect it, but looking at life through the lens of physics can teach us a lot about why interesting groups of atoms like you and me exist.
    Learn more about Professor Brian Cox here:
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    ATP Synthase animations by Drew Berry (wehi.tv) courtesy of HHMI Biointeractive and WEHI
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Komentáře • 4,8K

  • @besmart
    @besmart  Před 2 lety +984

    Life, man. What is it even?

  • @rbesfe
    @rbesfe Před 2 lety +2051

    This channel is a key example of why publicly funded media is still so important in the digital era. The right people given the right resources can do amazing things and grow to provide so much more value to society than what was invested. Keep up the amazing work!

    • @spingbay7039
      @spingbay7039 Před 2 lety

      Yet, populists across the globe want to defund it :(

    • @Americansikkunt
      @Americansikkunt Před 2 lety +17

      Why don’t YOU make it, if “the value is so much more than invested”?
      Sounds like you’re not being honest…..

    • @patstaysuckafreeboss8006
      @patstaysuckafreeboss8006 Před 2 lety

      @@Americansikkunt Imagine being a troll and sucking at it lol

    • @slcpunk2740
      @slcpunk2740 Před 2 lety +98

      @@Americansikkunt what a dumb question, not everyone is an educator at heart or wants to make videos for CZcams 🤦🏻‍♂️

    • @Americansikkunt
      @Americansikkunt Před 2 lety +16

      @@slcpunk2740 I’m just saying, if it was Objectively more valuable, everyone would be investing!
      Also, public funded = MY money. You don’t think I have a say in how it’s spent??

  • @gabor6259
    @gabor6259 Před 2 lety +907

    If you're lazing around, you consume less energy, you're making the universe disordered at a slower rate. So next time someone calls you lazy, tell them you're just postponing the universe's demise.

    • @scy1038
      @scy1038 Před rokem +17

      I think you missed about 12 minutes of this video lmao

    • @SunnyAquamarine2
      @SunnyAquamarine2 Před rokem +9

      Hilarious

    • @spoofy0760
      @spoofy0760 Před rokem +8

      @@scy1038 wdym, the video talks about how you existing is hastening the heat death of the universe, however insignificant it might be

    • @carolineleneghan119
      @carolineleneghan119 Před rokem +3

      Mind blown

    • @shienkalitvinov
      @shienkalitvinov Před rokem

      Chaos theory?

  • @RuniDjurhuus
    @RuniDjurhuus Před 6 měsíci +95

    On a crisp December morning in the heart of Oldham, I found myself navigating the bustling streets, bundled up against the winter chill. As I meandered through the town, sipping on a warm cup of coffee, I spotted a familiar face among the crowd - none other than physicist Brian Cox.
    There he was, strolling along the cobbled streets, seemingly lost in thought. Seizing the moment, I mustered the courage to approach him. "Excuse me, Dr. Cox?" I said, half expecting him to be too engrossed in the cosmic mysteries to notice a passerby.
    To my surprise, he looked up with a warm smile. "Yes, that's me. How can I help you?" he replied, his accent unmistakably Northern.
    We engaged in a delightful conversation, discussing everything from the intricacies of the cosmos to the charm of Oldham during the festive season. Brian, with his affable demeanor, shared anecdotes about growing up in the town and how its character had shaped his curiosity about the universe.
    As we continued our walk through the winter-kissed streets, Brian's passion for science and genuine interest in our conversation created an unexpected camaraderie. We paused at a local bakery to warm up with some freshly baked treats, and amidst the aroma of pastries, our chance encounter turned into a memorable morning of shared stories and laughter.
    Before parting ways, Brian left me with an inspiring thought: "Every corner of the universe has its unique beauty; you just need to take a moment to appreciate it." And so, on that cold December morning in Oldham, I not only met a brilliant physicist but also gained a newfound appreciation for the cosmic wonders hidden in the ordinary moments of life.

    • @beeman2075
      @beeman2075 Před 5 měsíci +14

      Thanks for sharing your encounter meeting with Brian Cox, it was a lovely anecdote to read after watching this video. It would be a privilege to have the chance to converse with him on natural laws and physics matters, and it was heartwarming to read how approachable and affable you found him to be.

    • @MrDuLukes
      @MrDuLukes Před 5 měsíci +16

      Such a eloquently and beautifully written, interesting story. Thanks for sharing, I believe it's my favourite youtube comment yet.

    • @cortneyrens
      @cortneyrens Před 4 měsíci +6

      How lucky to meet him! There’s so many things I would want to talk to him about if I had the chance

    • @BertonMylo
      @BertonMylo Před 4 měsíci +3

      And you didn't smoke a doobie with him?

    • @Songoftiffany
      @Songoftiffany Před 3 měsíci +3

      How absolutely wonderful. He always has such amazing insight and seams like a delightful person .

  • @AutraxD
    @AutraxD Před rokem +424

    Brian Cox is an absolute legend in the UK. Personally I love how he's always smiling. What a wonderful guy, you can feel his passion.

    • @murdock6450
      @murdock6450 Před rokem +1

      The man is a fraud

    • @janarends6545
      @janarends6545 Před rokem +5

      My feeble neighbour is also always smiling.

    • @Why_Knott_Me
      @Why_Knott_Me Před rokem

      Omg same!!

    • @Engineer284
      @Engineer284 Před rokem +6

      I'm in Canada and I think the same as you. I love his shows about the the earth and universe.

    • @murdock6450
      @murdock6450 Před rokem +1

      @@Engineer284 really? Lol

  • @MedlifeCrisis
    @MedlifeCrisis Před 2 lety +658

    Meanwhile this evening I did a (bad) impression of Prof Cox on stage to a few hundred people. And even though it was so dodgy, everyone knew who it was as he’s such a legend. Nice to hear him talk about Sagan, as many see him as a modern version

    • @besmart
      @besmart  Před 2 lety +156

      I also did an impression of him. It was cut from the video for being so so bad

    • @supsm6627
      @supsm6627 Před 2 lety +2

      Whoa, only 10 likes and one reply?

    • @NickRoman
      @NickRoman Před 2 lety +7

      I looked up Brian Cox after watching a guy doing impressions, one of which was him. In doing so, I find this video from just yesterday/today, which I would probably have eventually seen in my suggestions and watched anway. Cool intersection there.

    • @michaelmoore1403
      @michaelmoore1403 Před 2 lety +9

      Jo is awesome, Brian is incredible but you at Medlife Crisis is amazing

    • @0awareness763
      @0awareness763 Před 2 lety

      @@besmart I'm sure the people on Patreon would love to it.

  • @williamburts5495
    @williamburts5495 Před 2 lety +134

    He said, "what we learn in school about what is life is totally insufficient in describing what it actually is." how true.

    • @sanjosemike3137
      @sanjosemike3137 Před rokem +1

      And in the same breath, he will also tell you that the complexity of life is just a matter of "chance" but will not describe the various steps necessary for that to happen.
      Sanjosemike (no longer in CA)

    • @williamburts5495
      @williamburts5495 Před rokem +1

      @@sanjosemike3137 That's because they don't know what life actually is.

    •  Před rokem +2

      I learned most of what was discussed in this video at school

    • @DavidCarter-ib3vw
      @DavidCarter-ib3vw Před rokem

      Good point!!!

    • @willieodea83
      @willieodea83 Před 4 měsíci

      When I was young I read a book called..The origin of life..I think..it said all this stuff and more.. being very naive at the time I was really expecting some incredible revelation. But like this video I was told nothing. Book ended with some theory about life originating in outer space. As if this information was in some way answering the mystery. He sticks to the script and will not entertain some theories that are now gaining traction

  • @freddieguillemard5994
    @freddieguillemard5994 Před 7 měsíci +10

    Professor Brian Cox has a wonderful energy, he is candid, full of curiosity, joie de vivre,
    compassion, passion - he is so alive - and his passion and all is contagious….
    Thank you…..

  • @bodrugmaria9179
    @bodrugmaria9179 Před rokem +134

    I'm impressed how these people are staying sane while dedicating their lives to such complex questions. I'd go crazy by the time i'm reaching 30

    • @mattorr2256
      @mattorr2256 Před 9 měsíci +9

      Other’s take great comfort, relief, wonder and inspiration dedicating their lives to these scientific professions

    • @twlightsluna2009
      @twlightsluna2009 Před 9 měsíci +3

      Gosh I’m glad you say that because I thought I was the only one. I would be lead to an existential crisis 😂

  • @GianJin
    @GianJin Před 2 lety +282

    What a joy to see Professor Cox on, he's such a personal hero of mine.

    • @prototype8137
      @prototype8137 Před 2 lety +3

      Why? Hes creepy and puts opinion as fact... just because someone has an accent and can speak properly doesn't mean what he says is true or valid.

    • @jckgoldness
      @jckgoldness Před 2 lety +2

      Mine too

    • @JP-xg6bv
      @JP-xg6bv Před 2 lety +9

      @@prototype8137 Prove any one thing he says is not true or valid.
      And I don't find him creepy, not sure why you do lol

    • @mcdanjff
      @mcdanjff Před 2 lety

      @@prototype8137 you forgot Rock star.

    • @DarknessIsThePath
      @DarknessIsThePath Před 2 lety +6

      @@prototype8137 Maybe give a source material that shows he is genuinely creepy, otherwise that's just your own issue.

  • @ATADSP
    @ATADSP Před 2 lety +166

    Brian Cox is one of my favorite science communicators. He has a way of speaking about science and the universe that is so profound and poetic.
    "As a fraction of the lifespan of the universe as measured from the beginning to the evaporation of the last black hole, life as we know it is only possible for one-thousandth of a billion billion billionth, billion billion billionth, billion billion billionth, of a percent" - Brian Cox

    • @ResurrectingJiriki
      @ResurrectingJiriki Před 2 lety

      Yeah, let's ask a gate keeping tool like dimm witted Cocks, what life is..
      To then make it even insufferable by this other tool saying his accent makes it better and "a little unfair".
      You know why he, nor any other tool in this silly game they play, can't even begin to grasp that thingy called consciousness?
      Because they're scientific Materialists, that deny 'God' (or whatever you want to call it) to have you eventually see their scientific Materialism but finally only the State as the only authority..
      #FeedTheMarxistMassesTheirPoison
      Ironically, consciousness and life, become obviously simple, from and Idealism perspective.

    • @sassa82
      @sassa82 Před 2 lety +2

      He speaks alot but his whole 'string theory' was just a waste of time.

    • @richardoldfield6714
      @richardoldfield6714 Před 2 lety +4

      That's not poetic, it's merely numerical stats ... the opposite of poetic.

    • @luismangiaterra1031
      @luismangiaterra1031 Před 2 lety +2

      Cox is a cheap Sagan impersonator because he worships sagan

    • @tim40gabby25
      @tim40gabby25 Před 2 lety

      It seems inherently unlikely that I am prodding a little screen to generate these words - which your copy of a wet kilo or so understands. Just saying.

  • @FWtravels
    @FWtravels Před 4 měsíci +16

    I think about this all the time and it has made me realize that nothing really matters and I choose to let go of many of the things that I once dwelled on and worried about. I now know how lucky I am to exist at all and I will be positive and grateful and enjoy all the small things for my short time observing this universe.

    • @servusdedurantem
      @servusdedurantem Před 2 měsíci +1

      Its not true to say nothing matters there is evil in the world and this statement makes it less important to protect the good

    • @sel5595
      @sel5595 Před 2 měsíci +1

      only cowards say this. all of the great minds discovered things because they wanted to get to the end of the question, not throw it away and say "nothing matters i am living on a rock", also, that view towards life is obnoxious, as things do matter, life does. dont be close-minded.

    • @FWtravels
      @FWtravels Před 2 měsíci +1

      @@sel5595 what I meant is that I have decided to let go of so many of the things that brought me great sorrow and mental suffering. Of course there are many things that do matter but to realize that our time here is finite, helps us to understand what is important and what is wasted anguish. I should have worded it differently because of course some things do matter.

  • @Why_Knott_Me
    @Why_Knott_Me Před rokem +27

    My dad introduced me to him in high school and I have created a huge love for his shows and all he researches. Sure I don't understand it the way he does but he definitely makes complex lectures be more easily understood by people who don't major in scientific fields. Xoxo
    I am a 29 year old female who greatly appreciates people in the world like him

    • @benynyomin5012
      @benynyomin5012 Před rokem +1

      if there is a girl who interest with this object, ill date her

    • @ghfgxijaorgf5393
      @ghfgxijaorgf5393 Před 9 měsíci +1

      @@benynyomin5012 but will she date you tho?

    • @benynyomin5012
      @benynyomin5012 Před 9 měsíci

      @@ghfgxijaorgf5393 🥲😭, i dont know

  • @Mike-123
    @Mike-123 Před 2 lety +249

    Ironically, this is not the first time that I've been told that I'm hastening the demise of the universe.

    • @CarFreeSegnitz
      @CarFreeSegnitz Před 2 lety

      Are we (and life generally) really? Yes, there are cellular metabolic pathways that hasten chemical processes. But in the big picture all those chemical potentials have been put there by gravity mostly through our sun (and a tiny bit of other stars’ demise when creating transferic atoms in supernova). Our sun shines on life and the lifeless. The lifeless heats up and emits infrared. The most life can do is delay the retransmission of infrared and maybe emit it at longer wavelengths. Or burst into flames and retransmit in shorter wavelengths. Totalled up life is just a few chemical pathways that dipped its toes in the deluge of energy coming off the sun.

    • @tracesprite6078
      @tracesprite6078 Před 2 lety +12

      Hi Mike, take care of yourself. You are an absolutely unique combination of atoms and molecules occurring at a very significant time in our history when our presence on this planet is at risk due to global warming. We need all hands on deck, helping to make good choices so that our extraordinary species can continue along with all the other brilliant creatures. So your planet needs you, Mike. I hope you can enjoy your life while also making your own unique contribution.

    • @mochiebellina8190
      @mochiebellina8190 Před 2 lety +1

      Blame your personal faults on Putin. I do.

    • @luismangiaterra1031
      @luismangiaterra1031 Před 2 lety

      @@tracesprite6078 your life is meaningless and without purpose.

    • @NoActuallyGo-KCUF-Yourself
      @NoActuallyGo-KCUF-Yourself Před 2 lety +1

      You used to date her too, huh?

  • @carmamd
    @carmamd Před 2 lety +64

    You sir, are a superlative teacher! And so is Professor Cox. This has been one of the most fascinating interviews and CZcams presentations that I have seen. But then, I’m an old man, an old medical doctor of a man, who has had the pleasure of experiencing many good and great teachers in his lifetime. And learning new things, for me, remains one of my greatest pleasures. And this border/ conjunction between the life sciences and the physical sciences is one of my greatest fascinations. I am so very glad that I found your channel and subscribed to it.

    • @tonyleukering8832
      @tonyleukering8832 Před rokem +2

      "... learning new things, for me, remains one of my greatest pleasures." Hear, hear! My life's motto is "When you've stopped learning, it's time to die." Fortunately, for me, learning is the single greatest aspect of living.

    • @semaj_5022
      @semaj_5022 Před 8 měsíci

      Much respect for keeping that passion for learning alive. I hope I never lose it, myself.

  • @justicegusting2476
    @justicegusting2476 Před 3 měsíci +8

    When you think of where you were before you were born, it will give you an idea of where you are going after you die.

    • @Csio12
      @Csio12 Před měsícem

      Not me. Im still fearing my consciousness will survive and my childhood brainwashing of hell will kick in. I need parts of my brain deprogrammed so this fear goes. Philosophers Doctors and Physicists and Hindus who believe in God or Reincarnation scare me no matter how much i tell myself God or eternal consciousness is bullshit.

  • @Smudgerio
    @Smudgerio Před rokem +10

    “You’re radiating disorder in a cavalier fashion”. What an amazing quote!

  • @bobtuckey2409
    @bobtuckey2409 Před 2 lety +66

    Really enjoyed this episode Joe! Great topic to discuss with Professor Cox.

  • @Laserblade
    @Laserblade Před 2 lety +155

    "We are a way for the Universe to know itself." - Carl Sagan, of course. The scientist with the heart of a poet.
    Excellent discussion with a favorite physicist, Professor Brian Cox. I could listen to him all day. Thank you, Be Smart, and PBS, for the thought-provoking video. Subscribed.

    • @carlodave9
      @carlodave9 Před 2 lety +7

      He was right to. You have to resort to poetry when speaking of what Life actually IS. You can use science to explain how it manages to exist in the/this universe; but we are no closer to (and maybe further away from) understanding the incredibly weird organizing force since chemistry and biology got involved.

    • @luismangiaterra1031
      @luismangiaterra1031 Před 2 lety +2

      @@carlodave9 Sagan didn't even have a clue about the reason and purpose of the universe.

    • @TheBorwig
      @TheBorwig Před 2 lety

      The Universe being self-conscious….idk

    • @JP-xg6bv
      @JP-xg6bv Před 2 lety +6

      @@TheBorwig What are you if not an extension of the universe itself?

    • @JP-xg6bv
      @JP-xg6bv Před 2 lety +1

      @@luismangiaterra1031 That's because there is no real "purpose" in the philosophical or religious sense. Life is a cosmic accident.

  • @rachanachowdhury4162
    @rachanachowdhury4162 Před rokem +9

    Why isn't a content like this more popular? This should be absolute essential 😮. Mind-blowing indeed

    • @dscarmo
      @dscarmo Před 10 měsíci

      More than 1M views is pretty popular all things considered

  • @JimboBeeso
    @JimboBeeso Před rokem +16

    This was a great show. I was pretty much aware of all the facts, but these guys ordered them in an interesting way. Like life does.

  • @Leeeo
    @Leeeo Před 2 lety +57

    I swear I get goosebumps everytime he tells me to stay curious. In my mind I'm like "I will Joe. I always will"

  • @TheTombree
    @TheTombree Před 2 lety +62

    Back when I was in highschool, we had a biology teacher (best teacher i ever had in every way) who asked the same question. He said we aint gonna do stuff from the books that day and just chill out and try and awnser this question. We where doing the same checklist and indeed quickly found exceptions. The way he did that particular class was amazing. He had 30+ annoying 15yo paying attention for 50 minutes straight. Making us try and discuss it with eachother. We usually were a load and obnoxious class but when we had Biology we paid attention especially that day. Sorry for the long useless rant. Had a flashback that took me back 13 years 0-0

    • @deepdude4719
      @deepdude4719 Před 2 lety +3

      All worthy

    • @sion8
      @sion8 Před 2 lety +2

      It isn't useless.

    • @WarriorPocky
      @WarriorPocky Před 2 lety +1

      That's beautiful. If you can still talk to that teacher, do thank them and let them know how much they have impacted you.

    • @redmed10
      @redmed10 Před 2 lety +1

      Just curious . Did you pass in your biology class? Did you take it on further in your education. It's great to have a general discussion about the subject and that can be fun. But you need to also learn the nuts and bolts of the subject and that requires work which may not be so much fun.

    • @winstongrettum3412
      @winstongrettum3412 Před 2 lety

      LIFEThe principle of life or living; the animate existence, or term of animate existence, of an individual. As to earthly, physical life, things possessing life generally have the capabilities of growth, metabolism, response to external stimuli, and reproduction

  • @toniivanova9360
    @toniivanova9360 Před 8 měsíci +2

    If there's such thing as favorite scientist, Brian Cox is my guy. I love him so much. Every time I see him on the net I know I'll learn something great and I'll feel better because of his amazing smile and the obvious passion for his work. He's my comfort person. ❤

  • @jonathanbrooks9768
    @jonathanbrooks9768 Před rokem +5

    Id love to see a genuine sit down conversation between you and Professor Cox, would definitely be an interesting watch

  • @GOKITTYxD3STROY3R
    @GOKITTYxD3STROY3R Před 2 lety +73

    I absolutely love Professor Brian Cox, after watching his TedTalk about a year ago I watched as many videos of him as I could and he has incredibly increased my interest in physics and astronomy! Thank you for the great video!

  • @Petteri82
    @Petteri82 Před 2 lety +8

    Something funny I just noticed. Aside from looking sort of alike both Brian Cox and Shigeru Miyamoto seem to almost be incapable of speaking without smiling. Being experts in completely different fields both just seem so curious and enjoying what they do. What a joy to listen to these guys and just have them around.

  • @lewboy1
    @lewboy1 Před rokem +3

    I love watching videos like this. Being inspired and then forgetting everything 3 weeks later and watching again!

    • @xxxchurch100
      @xxxchurch100 Před rokem

      So “non life produces life” …. This has never been demonstrated nor can it be replicated . Therefore these hypotheses are not scientific ,

  • @gpa1978
    @gpa1978 Před rokem +2

    Love how Brian talks ...the only one that keeps all my attention when talking, wish I had internet 40 years ago to know about lal of this, probably would have a differet career

  • @Hochspitz
    @Hochspitz Před 2 lety +49

    I loved Cosmos. My kids were pretty young at the time that show was on TV and its time slot was rather late at night in Western Australia. My children were so fascinated by Carl Sagan's presentations that we had to allow them to stay up way past their bed time and what they didn't understand became such fun family discussions And so many years later my niece studying medicine at ANU in Canberra was lucky enough to attend Brian Cox's open air event at the university.
    Great discussion, thank you!

    • @bruns.like.spoons9251
      @bruns.like.spoons9251 Před 2 lety +1

      I'm a non-parent (and admittedly Scrooge towards kids) but your comment is absolutely beautiful. Thanks for sharing!

    • @icedclips725
      @icedclips725 Před 2 lety

      Must be smart kids.

  • @alstud1
    @alstud1 Před 2 lety +32

    Brian is a very wonderful explainer. Breaking down very complex answers into language we not so complex people can understand.

    • @sanjosemike3137
      @sanjosemike3137 Před rokem

      Ask him how or why enough carbon exists in the Universe for life to exists? I will save you the trouble. He has NO explanation for it. Ask him about the chance elements of chirality. He can't explain that either, even if he knows what it is.
      Sanjosemike (no longer in CA)

    • @LoyaltotheNightsky
      @LoyaltotheNightsky Před rokem

      ​@@sanjosemike3137 Hey San Jose Mike (No longer in CA) I'm sleepy, I'm gonna go to bed.

    • @rosemarycrane5137
      @rosemarycrane5137 Před 9 měsíci +1

      Yes, it is a joy listening to Brain. He also seems humble and I always feel more enlightened after listening to Brian.

    • @semaj_5022
      @semaj_5022 Před 8 měsíci

      ​@@sanjosemike3137 You forget how stars work, bud?

  • @nerd_alert927
    @nerd_alert927 Před rokem +7

    How did I miss a video with Brian Cox in it!?!!! He's one of my favorite Physicist.

    • @Thathumanoverthere1701
      @Thathumanoverthere1701 Před 5 měsíci

      They are always sneaking in without CZcams realizing that I want these videos IMMEDIATELY😆. Brian Cox is the GOAT.

  • @timmy3822
    @timmy3822 Před rokem +72

    Wonderful interview. I can safely say if I were to bump into Prof Cox in the street I’d be geeking out like crazy, wanting to ask him so many things whilst at the same time feeling wholly inadequate for his time and talents.

  • @MichaBerger
    @MichaBerger Před 2 lety +18

    Jeremy England would make for a GREAT follow-up interview.
    From the introduction to Quanta's interview:
    . Jeremy England, a 31-year-old assistant professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has derived a mathematical formula that he believes explains this capacity. The formula, based on established physics, indicates that when a group of atoms is driven by an external source of energy (like the sun or chemical fuel) and surrounded by a heat bath (like the ocean or atmosphere), it will often gradually restructure itself in order to dissipate increasingly more energy. This could mean that under certain conditions, matter inexorably acquires the key physical attribute associated with life.
    “You start with a random clump of atoms, and if you shine light on it for long enough, it should not be so surprising that you get a plant,” England said.
    England’s theory is meant to underlie, rather than replace, Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection....

    • @mortified776
      @mortified776 Před 2 lety +2

      I had the same thought! Hopefully that can be organised soon.

    • @randlker2152
      @randlker2152 Před 2 lety +1

      As a follow up, a philosophical standpoint on life is want I want like an exurb1a video. As told in the video, it's upto the poets to define life🙂

    • @peterallman8474
      @peterallman8474 Před 2 lety +2

      @@randlker2152 ah, but what defines a poet?

  • @JustinWarkentin
    @JustinWarkentin Před 2 lety +14

    I think a key component of the definition of life has to include the ability to propagate information with changes. Crystals can grow, things can propagate structure and information, but I think to be "alive" in the sense that we think of, the ability to change and adapt to promote continued propagation over time is a must. Reactions that are indifferent or incapable of doing so are definitely not alive.

    • @suelane3628
      @suelane3628 Před 2 lety

      Don't forget that Linnaeus nearly classified crystals using his system for living things.

    • @sion8
      @sion8 Před 2 lety +1

      @@suelane3628
      🤨He did?

  • @DavidCarter-ib3vw
    @DavidCarter-ib3vw Před rokem +2

    This is an excellent broadcast!!! Very intelligent!!! Love it!!!!

  • @nahuelcutrera
    @nahuelcutrera Před 9 měsíci +2

    there is something about brian's voice that is like morphin, everything is gonna be all right when you hear it, everything is greater than we are and you just give in... fantastic voice! fantastic guy.

  • @sirholycow
    @sirholycow Před 2 lety +30

    Now this is gonna be a great vid. I always love listening to Brian, his documentaries are undoubtedly some of my favourites.

    • @intelligentsia9493
      @intelligentsia9493 Před 2 lety

      It's a video that makes me hate the existential imperative.

    • @Gibbypastrami
      @Gibbypastrami Před 2 lety

      @@osmosisjones4912 well, you fell under the illusion because you detected a pattern of some sort, but seeing through the illusion just means you saw the "true" pattern, you saw a different pattern, where did objectivity come in?
      For example, I saw a video of a cardboard cartoon crocodile sculpture, if you liked at it from the front it looks like a 3D crocodile, from the back it looks like an inverted collage of cardboard
      From one perspective, an image, from a different perspective, a different image
      There isn't an objective perspective, you can view it from multiple angles, no angle is "correct" thats an opinion not a fact

    • @AlbertaGeek
      @AlbertaGeek Před 2 lety

      @@osmosisjones4912 We can always count on you for a stupid take.

    • @JP-xg6bv
      @JP-xg6bv Před 2 lety

      @@Gibbypastrami To add to that the way another person perceives that optical illusion is going to br different. Maybe you and I see an animal, but they see a plant. Both are valid because you can explain to the person "Look at these angles and colors, see the plant/animal now?" And if you look long enough, you'll discern a second image out of the first and csn alternate between them at will.

  • @danconser6709
    @danconser6709 Před 2 lety +15

    Very thought provoking video. I've always found Brian Cox's viewpoints VERY Interesting. He sees the same things as other scientists, but he helps us think about it just a little differently than many, which can help us think differently ourselves. Fascinating!

  • @kenpevahouse2154
    @kenpevahouse2154 Před 9 měsíci

    I don't know how to describe the profound impact THIS VIDEO had on me. It is hard to understate how well the content produced by "Be Smart" in a conversation with Brian Cox conveyed concisely the journey from the Big Bang to complex life via entropy. It was an epiphany for me. Now, I am so curious as to the nature of how protons fit into this equation (I realize that you indicated it is very complex). I also derived that entropy is a great mystery in may respects, yet it is one of the most important fundamentals of the universe. Thank you so much.

    • @albertleibold1415
      @albertleibold1415 Před 9 měsíci

      Please explain in simple terms how life came from non-living matter.

  • @jacquelinerich4021
    @jacquelinerich4021 Před rokem +1

    I LOVE this video; in fact anything Briantalks about is interesting to me. GREAT program; lets keep this one....

  • @NatzKulz
    @NatzKulz Před 2 lety +55

    Thanks I've been feeling quite existential today, this is perfect.

    • @bragagd1618
      @bragagd1618 Před 2 lety +6

      what saddens me the most is the fact that we'll never know what our race is capable of after a million years or more in the future 😢😢

    • @stefansneden1957
      @stefansneden1957 Před 2 lety +2

      nothing like a little existential thought to make you feel alive.

    • @fluentpiffle
      @fluentpiffle Před 2 lety

      Truth is the only kind of 'perfection'.. spaceandmotion

    • @vhawk1951kl
      @vhawk1951kl Před 2 lety

      What you mean by "existential"?

    • @XnonTheGod
      @XnonTheGod Před 2 lety

      Why people get existential Crisis? Seems like weird thing to me... People say why are we here? Because we are, by evolution over millions of years
      What's the meaning of life? Objective meaning is survival, subjective meaning is what you want it to be
      Not very hard questions...

  • @Obakawaii
    @Obakawaii Před 2 lety +22

    I can't remember if I knew you were a doctor of biology, but that's super cool! I'm always excited to find when people really studied on a subject can bring energy and knowledge in such a way that a broader audience can enjoy the subject as well.

    • @steveuible5915
      @steveuible5915 Před 2 lety

      Joe, You are a National Treasure. Thank you for all the wisdom you bring to us.

  • @deadwalking100
    @deadwalking100 Před 2 měsíci

    A fascinating question explored, and will continue to be for some considerable time. It is so great to see such excellent guests on such scientific programs as this being made. You struck gold to get Brian Cox, well done! Thank you, keep up the brilliant work team.
    Be smart and stay curious 👍🚀🔬🔭🔎🧪

  • @memethief_
    @memethief_ Před rokem +6

    I once asked my biology teacher in 9th standard that what is life? he said anything which do reproduction, breathing, movement etc, which was a definition given in our book but what I really meant was how some non-living things together creates life , so I again asked the the same question in more deep way and guess what, our teacher and our class representative stood and said same definition to me again, making me look like a fool in front of whole class and as an introvert it was not good for me but it didn't bother me much , as I thought that all of them just accept whatever is told to them even teachers without questioning and knowing how things actually works in world or they just don't want to(as they are dumb and just spending there life) and they just don't know what to answer to my question..
    After that i didn't't bother to ask anything to anyone and find my own question's answer myself which is satisfying to me..

    • @adithyagolwalkar7896
      @adithyagolwalkar7896 Před rokem +1

      When sadhguru talks about life, evolution etc there are many people like your teacher who troll him using textbook definition and call him a scam.

    •  Před rokem +2

      Your teacher was worried in making sure you knew the answer to what would be in the exam, not satisfying your unrelated curiosity

  • @pushkar_65
    @pushkar_65 Před 2 lety +22

    "How do we posses consciousness?" is a question that still blows my mind

    • @Napoleonic_S
      @Napoleonic_S Před 2 lety

      consciousness is just the next stage of information storing and processing isn't it?

    • @kellydalstok8900
      @kellydalstok8900 Před 2 lety

      @@osmosisjones4912 Man: You sit here, dear.
      Wife: All right.
      Man: Morning!
      Waitress: Morning!
      Man: Well, what've you got?
      Waitress: Well, there's egg and bacon; egg sausage and bacon; egg and spam; egg bacon and spam; egg bacon sausage and spam; spam bacon sausage and spam; spam egg spam spam bacon and spam; spam sausage spam spam bacon spam tomato and spam;
      Vikings: Spam spam spam spam...
      Waitress: ...spam spam spam egg and spam; spam spam spam spam spam spam baked beans spam spam spam...
      Vikings: Spam! Lovely spam! Lovely spam!
      Waitress: ...or Lobster Thermidor a Crevette with a mornay sauce served in a Provencale manner with shallots and aubergines garnished with truffle pate, brandy and with a fried egg on top and spam.
      Wife: Have you got anything without spam?
      Waitress: Well, there's spam egg sausage and spam, that's not got much spam in it.
      Wife: I don't want ANY spam!
      Man: Why can't she have egg bacon spam and sausage?

    • @tarancehill651
      @tarancehill651 Před 2 lety

      Same. Consciousness being pure energy that we somehow contain but not really control. So weiiiirrd.

    • @albert6157
      @albert6157 Před 2 lety +1

      @@tarancehill651 consciousness is not energy, however it is a process that requires energy like any process and emergent property.

    • @deepdude4719
      @deepdude4719 Před 2 lety

      Thanks to computing.

  • @sauskeuzumaki121
    @sauskeuzumaki121 Před 2 lety +10

    @9:25, Brian just explained the rankine cycle in two sentences. For someone who is a chemical engineering person, that was really crazy

  • @Imoldman
    @Imoldman Před 10 měsíci +1

    Amazing that these two guys can help me understand a sidgen of what they talked about. Not much compared to them mind you, but a million times more than my dumb a$$ knew before. Thank you guys.

  • @heatheredwards2982
    @heatheredwards2982 Před 7 měsíci

    I love Brian Cox and his amazing energy for science and teaching. He has such a beautiful poetic way of describing the universe and is ways of life and destruction.

  • @Glowbox3D
    @Glowbox3D Před rokem +3

    I adore Brian. No one else talks as both elequently and simply as he does. I can listen to that man talk for hours on end. I love that Brian brain.

  • @akshaynayal4052
    @akshaynayal4052 Před 2 lety +3

    You have very humble polite voice and in this video your voice was really soothing .. much respectful

  • @bruceh92
    @bruceh92 Před 4 měsíci

    Hi Joe Hanson, in giving praise to Brian Cox for his simplified explanation of entropy one must give equal, if not more, credit to yourself for breaking it down even further so dummies like me totally understand. Thank you. And thank you additionally for your good work on what is a very watchable video. Thumbs up.

  • @micheleploeser7720
    @micheleploeser7720 Před rokem +1

    Best video from young thinkers. This needs to be in every class room, everywhere, and, may be in boardrooms also.

  • @francesc1331
    @francesc1331 Před 2 lety +4

    Just by chance, I happened to watch this segment on Easter. I love the gift of science to give my mind something to do, something to wonder about. For me, the important lesson is to "keep seeking and you shall find". All roads eventually lead to the same Goal. Enjoy! And Happy Easter.

  • @sabeshbala1933
    @sabeshbala1933 Před 8 měsíci

    It’s amazing to listen two genius sharing information about the origin of life and more

  • @DanielBrown-sn9op
    @DanielBrown-sn9op Před rokem +1

    Well done. I believe that physics, and science can explain the 'what' and the 'hows' of life, but not the 'who', or the 'whys'. Unlimited profundity.

  • @Foraminid
    @Foraminid Před 2 lety +7

    So fun, this episode. I love your work, Joe. And this is the episode of Be Smart that I've been waiting for! I'm a biologist with a fascination for cosmology, holograph theory, etc... I love the stuff from 11:18 to 13:02--the Pandora's box, the hologram if you will! In other words, the broader implications that entropy has through space/time on biological outcomes (that we see and feel and study and wonder about). More videos about biological information systems intersecting with the influence of cosmological forces please! 😃😋

    • @sanjosemike3137
      @sanjosemike3137 Před rokem

      Can you explain how proteins "automatically" select the correct chirality of amino acids in their synthesis? Out of the potential millions of choices? I assume as a biologist you have an inside track.
      Sanjosemike (no longer in CA)

  • @judethaddeus9856
    @judethaddeus9856 Před 2 lety +57

    This channel never disappoints! Even when topics I’m not necessarily interested in are discussed I enjoy the episode and I ALWAYS learn something!

  • @johnryangrinsted6259
    @johnryangrinsted6259 Před rokem +1

    And the guys cleared up my confusion about Entropy at a single stroke! 10.44 to 12.33. Thank you!

  • @patrickboudreau3846
    @patrickboudreau3846 Před 3 měsíci

    I love both these men. They are lucky to be passionate about their work and still interested by hard to resolve questions. The origin of life has always interested me but, at this time, we haven’t a single clue how it started. All we really know is that it’s eventually going to end. Such is the life of our sun.

  • @bipolarbear9917
    @bipolarbear9917 Před 2 lety +49

    When it comes to the question of human meaning, Carl Sagan's explanation is as good as any, "We are a way for the Cosmos to know itself".

    • @Lone_Star86
      @Lone_Star86 Před 2 lety +7

      Precisely. Life is a by product of the universe . No different from stars, galaxies and rocks, however it gets interesting when we start talking about awareness and consciousness. Is the universe just having a human experience?

    • @bipolarbear9917
      @bipolarbear9917 Před 2 lety

      ​@@Lone_Star86 I don't think so. I think humans are having a cosmic experience. What about the possibility of other sentient life in the cosmos? Are we alone? Are we the first? Or are we just one of many sentient conscious beings in our Universe or a grander Multiverse? Who knows?
      As intelligent as we think we are, we still only have some limited understanding of only 5% of observable matter. We don't know what dark matter or dark energy is, or if there are as yet more undiscovered forces of nature.
      And what is reality? What is time? Are there other dimensions beyond our 3 physical dimensions and one temporal dimension of time? We don't know how our Universe came into being, or whether there was something before the 'Big Bang', or even whether this is a simulation, or a hologram.
      We don't know how quantum really works, or what is truly fundamental. We don't know the origin of life, and we don't even know what is consciousness, only that we appear to be.
      So we still have a long way to go on our journey of discovery. There are still many mysteries, but that's what makes life fun and interesting.

    • @fluentpiffle
      @fluentpiffle Před 2 lety +5

      @@Lone_Star86 The Universe IS 'experience', in all possible forms..
      spaceandmotion

    • @SimonBrisbane
      @SimonBrisbane Před 2 lety +3

      Yet that’s not a satisfying explanation. It’s the equivalent of throwing your hands up and conceding “I don’t know”. The search continues..

    • @fluentpiffle
      @fluentpiffle Před 2 lety +5

      @@SimonBrisbane Few people are ever satisfied with truth.. What if it turns out to be something very unsatisfactory? Will you just keep looking for something ‘else’ that does not exist?

  • @Mithrandir39
    @Mithrandir39 Před 2 lety +13

    Love anything with Brian Cox in it.

    • @Robles551
      @Robles551 Před měsícem +1

      I learn so much from him!

  • @duff107
    @duff107 Před rokem

    If anyone wants to know anything
    This guy would be one of the best
    To get a understanding
    Love all his shows
    WATCH HIS SHOWS

  • @Elephantine999
    @Elephantine999 Před 10 měsíci

    No better topic, and a great person to talk to. Great show.

  • @patman142
    @patman142 Před 2 lety +10

    no matter how we try and explain it, we still have to use language and abstract concepts that can be understood by the human mind so straight away there is probably a limit as to what we can comprehend with our human brains

    • @ws6778
      @ws6778 Před rokem +2

      What if concrete reality is just a metaphor that represents an abstract truth?

    • @Raiddd__
      @Raiddd__ Před rokem

      That’s assuming the information in our universe that led to our consciousness was put there by accident and random chance and not by a being with a mind and the intent for us to comprehend it with said consciousness. Just a thought. I’m not religious.

  • @jamesmoore4023
    @jamesmoore4023 Před 2 lety +29

    “Life moves pretty fast. If you don’t stop and look around once in a while, you could miss it.” - Ferris Bueller

    • @SimonBrisbane
      @SimonBrisbane Před 2 lety +2

      Timeless wisdom and hilarity in one film.

  • @arthurdixon5890
    @arthurdixon5890 Před 4 měsíci

    At almost 74 years old my thoughts are moving towards the metaphysical side of life. A great video - thank you 😊

  • @dcterr1
    @dcterr1 Před 8 měsíci

    Great video! You guys provided a very useful description of life - in particular, how it makes use of underlying order, such as sunlight and rivers of protons. So it seems to me that life is that which makes use of order to improve itself and its environment at the price of the high entropy waste it leaves behind, which hopefully ends up out of its way. This definition doesn't just apply to biological processes though - it also applies to the evolution of technology as well as society, and perhaps even spirituality.

  • @johncenile8044
    @johncenile8044 Před 2 lety +61

    I got a degree in biology and am going back to get a degree in engineering and this episode made me have a nerdgasm

    • @deepdude4719
      @deepdude4719 Před 2 lety +1

      I know how you feel

    • @grahamhill7845
      @grahamhill7845 Před 2 lety

      I had one of the others this morning and similar to what Brian was saying I had disorder, in the tissue box department

    • @Sebastian_Snufflepuss
      @Sebastian_Snufflepuss Před 2 lety

      I have a degree in engineering but would like a biology degree.

    • @winstongrettum3412
      @winstongrettum3412 Před 2 lety

      @@osmosisjones4912 no they are not

    • @SpotterVideo
      @SpotterVideo Před 2 lety +2

      Biology is very simple. Go into a lab and make a living, reproducing cell from the raw chemicals. There is just one little problem. Nobody has ever done it before. How did it happen by random chance? (I have a degree in Biology.)
      At this point in time, Physicists have yet to explain what part of the atom causes gravitation. We know matter causes a curvature of space-time, but we do not know why it occurs or how it is related to the other fundamental forces of nature.

  • @MrCesarification
    @MrCesarification Před 2 lety +5

    Your content is always amazing, but this has to be one your best ever right here. I’d say it’s up there with Veritasium’s relativistic gravity one.

  • @kkereszty
    @kkereszty Před rokem

    Thank you!!!

  • @kasturiswami784
    @kasturiswami784 Před 3 měsíci

    Carl sagans cosmos is like Vedas to me. Profound and truth. It always brings tears to my eyes like when you are moved by music.

  • @binnyzf
    @binnyzf Před 2 lety +3

    Amazing video. Loved every second of it. Keep up the good work.

  • @rogersledz6793
    @rogersledz6793 Před 2 lety +3

    Thank you so much for uploading this video. It is helping me get through the pandemic!

  • @_negentropy_
    @_negentropy_ Před 25 dny

    Great interview! Thank you for this!

  • @johnventura1637
    @johnventura1637 Před 9 měsíci

    This was fantastic, so thank you. Discussing the overlap/connections between biology and cosmology is a wonderful undertaking.

    • @albertleibold1415
      @albertleibold1415 Před 9 měsíci

      Did you miss the “overlap/connections between biology and” coffee and cream?

    • @albertleibold1415
      @albertleibold1415 Před 9 měsíci

      @@johnventura1637: Do you think that the coffee and cream example was a good explanation?

    • @johnventura1637
      @johnventura1637 Před 9 měsíci

      @@albertleibold1415 Now I understand what you were asking. Yes, I thought it was a brilliant metaphor for the shift from order to chaos and the complexity that ensues in the process.

    • @albertleibold1415
      @albertleibold1415 Před 9 měsíci

      @@johnventura1637: I assume you associate the separate items (coffee/cream) with order, right?

  • @Saniru_Kodithuwakku
    @Saniru_Kodithuwakku Před 2 lety +11

    I love how bunch of bipedal monkeys existing on chunk of rock revolving around a star in an seemingly infinite universe trying to answer most fundemental question in the universe.

    • @lawrencedoliveiro9104
      @lawrencedoliveiro9104 Před 2 lety +1

      If you’re referring to humans, we’re closer to apes, not monkeys.
      Easy way to tell: monkeys have tails, apes don’t.

  • @Alec_Reaper
    @Alec_Reaper Před 2 lety +7

    Brian Cox! Awesome

  • @cosmic-adventures-777
    @cosmic-adventures-777 Před 3 měsíci +2

    Great, insightful discussion!

  • @johnmcclain3887
    @johnmcclain3887 Před rokem +1

    I've been fascinated with life since about five, sixty years ago, I am amazed to have arrived here at a time when we still don't know what life really is, just are able to describe it to a fine line. We learned of RNA and DNA back in my childhood, I learned of it in the mid-sixties, have seen research take it far and away from those early understandings, and still only skimmed the surface, it appears.

    • @albertleibold1415
      @albertleibold1415 Před rokem +1

      The laws of physics and chemistry cannot explain the emergence of life. It is that simple.

    • @drsatan9617
      @drsatan9617 Před rokem

      @@albertleibold1415 prove it

    • @albertleibold1415
      @albertleibold1415 Před rokem +1

      The laws of physics cannot explain a simple thought.

  • @animalpeeps
    @animalpeeps Před 2 lety +5

    I'm so excited to see his show soon! This is the kind of stuff I contemplate so often, but don't have too many sources to discuss to or hear someone else cover these things. So interesting, it all is.

  • @mattm3t3
    @mattm3t3 Před 4 měsíci

    very interesting. i like what you do. it makes my day better. thank you!

  • @roccodevillers8860
    @roccodevillers8860 Před rokem +2

    Science provides a useful skeleton to ask questions in a systematic way, evaluate both the question and answer in a rigorous fashion. The problem may or may not be resolved satisfactorily, but the question and answer can be recorded and revisited from time to time in the light of new data or argument. This process gradually improves our understanding of ourselves and our environment. This gives the scientific method beauty and marvellous utility. Hopefully the difficulty in this process, doesn’t discourage us from the task or the method.

    • @albertleibold1415
      @albertleibold1415 Před rokem

      The emergence of life cannot be explained by the laws of physics and chemistry.

    • @drsatan9617
      @drsatan9617 Před rokem

      @@albertleibold1415 how did you prove that?
      Are you saying because it hasn't yet that it cant ever? Upon what do you base that nonsense?

    • @albertleibold1415
      @albertleibold1415 Před rokem

      It is a fact that mutations and chromosome rearrangements are usually associated with pathological disorder.

    • @lawrencedoliveiro9104
      @lawrencedoliveiro9104 Před rokem

      Science is about confronting the tough questions, not shying away from them.
      Is life too complex to have arisen by itself?

    • @albertleibold1415
      @albertleibold1415 Před rokem

      Example of a pathological disorder caused by mutations:
      Spinal muscular atrophy is a group of inherited disorders that cause progressive muscle degeneration and weakness.
      Gene alterations (mutations) in the SMN1 and VAPB genes cause SMA.

  • @embracethemystery
    @embracethemystery Před 2 lety +3

    Really great conversation between two curious and informed people. Brian's calm, articulate responses, and his willingness to say "we don't know (yet)" really resonates with me. Contrast his demeanor with the arguably arrogant and er, 'self-centered?' demeanor of a deGrasse Tyson approach, and for me, it makes all the difference in my reception to what's being presented.

    • @mochiebellina8190
      @mochiebellina8190 Před 2 lety

      Yes I feel de Grasse is so smart he is stupid. Years ago I enjoyed him, but alas poor Yorick, I have cancelled him.

    • @AlbertaGeek
      @AlbertaGeek Před 2 lety +1

      Exactly what is the "contrast" you speak of, since Neil deGrasse Tyson is also firmly in the "we don't know" camp?

  • @ninjanerdstudent6937
    @ninjanerdstudent6937 Před 2 lety +10

    I love how Brian Cox comments on Pluto’s planetary status, “I don’t care.”

  • @ignaziopenna9234
    @ignaziopenna9234 Před rokem

    Really amazing, I enjoyed it so much

  • @TheHellfiremissile
    @TheHellfiremissile Před 7 měsíci

    Thank you for the video. Loved the content argument.

  • @AndriyAndriyAndriy
    @AndriyAndriyAndriy Před 2 lety +8

    Love Brian Cox, thanks for this video ❤️

  • @syzygy808
    @syzygy808 Před 2 lety +6

    Wonderful video and continued education for humankind. I’d love to see you do a video on latest in quantum biology! And please get Jim Al Khalili for an interview!

  • @Meditation409
    @Meditation409 Před rokem

    Brian Cox is awesome!! I just had to say that. ❤

  • @karenfry5538
    @karenfry5538 Před 4 měsíci +1

    Maths is applied logic. Physics is applied maths. Chemistry is applied physics and maths. Biology is applied physics, chemistry and maths. I love looking at biology questions from the chemistry and physics perspective. This discussion continues to fascinate me. I think of life as a very complicated series of chemical reactions. Each reaction tries to reverse entropy locally but has to increase the etropy of the universe. We play at reversing those reactions time and time again, but eventually they reach a conclusion and we die.

  • @ninjanerdstudent6937
    @ninjanerdstudent6937 Před 2 lety +13

    Brian Cox did Wonders of Life, the greatest biological documentary of all time.

    • @Robles551
      @Robles551 Před měsícem +1

      I really enjoyed that documentary!

  • @Saniru_Kodithuwakku
    @Saniru_Kodithuwakku Před 2 lety +6

    please make more videos with brian cox. he is awesome

  • @cacurazi
    @cacurazi Před rokem +1

    Fascinating conversation. It would be interested to ask the same question to a modern philosopher like Zizek for instance.

  • @haroldbrown6630
    @haroldbrown6630 Před rokem +5

    I would love to have an hour of Mr. Cox talking. Uninterrupted.

  • @jineeshpr
    @jineeshpr Před 2 lety +5

    I always argued that if we can find the origin of life it should be through a combination of research on biology, physics, geology and behavioural science. This will remove inherent bias.
    Good to see that we are slowly leaning in that direction

  • @chriswhitt6618
    @chriswhitt6618 Před 2 lety +4

    This was excellent. Fascinating.

  • @innosanto
    @innosanto Před rokem

    William James Sidis has wrote those points in an ild book and with the view if thermodynamics for life and entropy

  • @2004helloWorld
    @2004helloWorld Před rokem

    this is one of the best episodes i've seen.

  • @shanenspitaler5790
    @shanenspitaler5790 Před 2 lety +21

    Well actually I know the answer to this.
    My mate Pete one night was on the piss and told me he invented life.
    Normally I'd dismiss it but he was right about who'd win the soccer match as well as the hockey game So I don't question him

    • @SimonBrisbane
      @SimonBrisbane Před 2 lety

      And it’s a far more palatable explanation for scientific minds which have decided to exclude deity as a possibility for all that is seen and unseen. Did Pete have anything riding on the game?