Language Overview: French
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- čas přidán 31. 01. 2022
- Links:
NativLang video about the evolution of French phonology: • Why French sounds so u...
Lawless French page about when not to do liaison: www.lawlessfrench.com/pronunc...
Lawless French page about silent letters: www.lawlessfrench.com/pronunc...
Stromae - Papaoutai • Stromae - papaoutai (O...
Maître Gims - J’me tire • Maître Gims - J'me tir...
Translations:
0:03: (Water) This language - (Scubadiver) Us
0:14: Don’t worry - This video isn’t replacing a French language overview
2:39: “What the hell is this?” (Elephant) Morphology - (Penguin) Phonology - (Penguephant) Morphophonology
4:34: Quit writing silent letters - They’re useless
4:38: Me, ignoring silent letters - Liaison
4:51: (Trumpeter) Liaison - (Girl) The silent letters that don’t do it
7:03: (Bridge) This video - (Truck) The part about C and G
7:33: Me right now
7:37: You thought we’d finished it
7:58: After French writing
8:33: (Hands) Le/la/les - (Left-side bicep) Pronoun - (Right-side bicep) Article
10:39: (Henry Cavill in front) Us - (Jason Momoa in back) Liaison
11:13: One does not simply go to someone’s house to ransack the fridge
12:31: When people start talking about the tens in French “I think we all know where this is going”
12:53: When they say they make better cheese and chocolate but you remember that they need a calculator just to say ordinary numbers laughs in Belgian and Swiss
12:56: People who know how to count in French
14:13: When it’s time to talk about verbs in whatever language “Ahh shit, here we go again”
14:21: (Homer in the tub) Competence at conjugation - (Bart with the chair) Irregular verbs
15:32: Doubt
15:42: The example verbs will be…
16:20: Letters -ent at the end of a word: exist - Verbs:
17:25: When you’d spent a good amount of time with the composed past and you learn that there are verbs that don’t take avoir
19:15: “Corporate needs you to find the differences between this picture and this picture.” - “They’re the same picture.”
20:09: Don’t breathe too much
20:27: (Water) French irregular verbs - (Fred with the mop) Me during this video
20:56: where destination
20:58: When you leave out the destination from a French sentence “WHERE IS IT?!”
21:53: Mentions elision - Never addresses it
22:04: Us: about to do something with an initial vowel - H aspiré: ABSOLUTELY F*CKING NOT
22:09: One uses elision when they need to in writing.
22:11: I use elision in speech wh’n’I feel like’t’s appropriate
22:14: Why waste time say lot word when few word do trick?
It seems I'm the first French native to come across this video! And what a video this is. I mean, you're making me feel like you know more about the language than I do. (Well, I slept through a majority of French grammar in school.) Also, not that I blame you, but I have to say that you have some incongruent phrasings that.. glaringly? reveal your English origins, although I don't have the willpower to point them all out. The meme translations are definitely fascinating, in that they both absolutely crush me but also like I get it. Uncanny is what it is. Similar but tainted.
But all in all, I honestly think your channel is deserving of a bigger audience! Great stuff
Thanks for the nice words, glad you enjoyed it!
As a native québécois who didn’t learn how to speak French as a child, French as a language has really grown on me the past couple years. I’d honestly say that the sound and orthography are some of my favorites of any language
24:06 My eyes almost exploded from this diabolical choice of color.
Hello, linguist again!
Overall, this is a good summary of French. There are some key things that were skipped over that I think are important, though:.
This is admittedly minor, bu the phoneme /œ̃/ is still present in many varieties, including in some parts of France, so I think it was a mistake not to include it, as the distinction might cause confusion in some settings.
On the morphophonological side of things, I think it would have been good to point out that words that end in -L often change that -L to a -UX in the masculine plural (internationaux, animaux); I only say this because it personally helps me better understand forms like "bel" and "foux"
Also in the vein of demystifying strange behaviour, I feel as though I must point out that the "irregularities" of the French verbal system are largely a result of an unwillingness to descriptively reanalyze French's grammatical behaviour. The irregulars in OIR are actually fairly predictable, and RE verbs are often made to seem unnecessarily complex to learners. Not necessarily a problem with the video itself, but just something I notice a lot.
Finally, while I understand it might feel a bit prescriptivist to describe the placement of adjectives with rules, the fact remains that French puts a lot more adjectives before the noun than in most varieties of its romance brethren, and that placement before vs. after may yield different meanings for certain adjectives; as such, I think BANGS-PC or some similar categorization at least bears mentioning.
Not necessarily something you missed or got wrong, but when you mention that French has little allophonic variation, I can't help but think of a paper I read recently on how Parisian French is possibly developing allophonic ATR harmony based on the final vowel of a given word (ie. étais pronounced as /ɛtɛ/, or causer pronounced as /koze/). IDK, lmk if you're interested, and I can scrounge up the link
Ok that ATR harmony is something I’d definitely be intersted in
@@jan_Masewin It looks like CZcams is autodeleting my attempts to put the link here, either plain or in altered form, so I'll just give you the authors and title:
Acoustic aspects of vowel harmony in French: Noel Nguyen & Zsuzsanna Fagyal
Also quite interesting how the irregular verbs have kept so much of that Latin influence
Got it
Actually, _eu, œu,_ and _œ_ all represent two phonemes: /ø/ and /œ/, which have a lot of complementary distribution.
Also, French has 4 verb classes: -er, -ir, -re, and -oir
EDIT: actually, I just found out that _œ_ can also be pronounced /e/ or /ɔ/ in the word _stœchiométrie_ so take what I wrote with a grain of salt.
In France we learn there are three verbs classes :
1st : verbs that end in "er" except aller
2nd : verbs that end in "ir" and are inchoative (you add iss before the inflectional suffixes of the plural forms)
3rd : Everything else. That means the verbs that ends in "ir" but aren't inchoative, the verb aller, and the verbs that ends by "ir", "-ïr", "oir", and "re".
While the first two classes are regular, the 3rd one isn't. The third class is called "dead" because no new verbs that are created belong to this class. There are ~480 verbs in that class, so far less than the first class that contains 90% of French verbs, but the 10 more used verbs belong to the 3rd class
I pronounce "stœchiométrie" as [stø.kjo.me.tʁi]
8:46 noun and adjectif placement
9:22 article
10:05 nouns
10:58 prenoms
12:17 nombre
13:02 adjectif
14:03 adverb
Great video! I’ve spotted two mistakes that are actually quite subtle, and made me ponder over my own native language for a while… Because the rules you invoke are generally correct but not in these situations!
17:49 : A girl would actually say "Je me le suis dit", not "dite". In that situation the agreement is with the masculine complement "le", not the subject "Je". There are actually several kinds of "se dire" with different meanings :
1) "se dire *X*" = "dire *X* à soi-même" (to tell X to oneself)
You can analyze "Je me *le* suis dit" = "J’ai dit *quelque chose* à moi-même" = "Je *l’*ai dit à moi-même" and the agreement follows the rule with _avoir_ when the complement is placed before the verb.
Correct (though uncommon): "Je me *la* suis dit*e*" as in "*La chose* que je me suis dit*e*". But for the general case you default to the masculine "le", especially with _se dire que X_ ("Je me suis dit *que j’aimais ce film*" = "Je me *le* suis dit")
2) "se dire *X*" = "dire qu’on est *X*" (to say/claim you are X)
In that case you could say "*Elle* s’est dite choqué*e*" (she said she was shocked)
And you have a similar pattern with verbs like _faire_:
1) "se faire *X*" = "faire *X* pour soi-même" (to make something for oneself)
"Elle s’est fait *un gâteau*" = "Elle se *l’*est fait" = "Elle a fait *un gâteau* pour elle-même" (She made herself a cake, as in She made a cake for herself)
"Je me suis fait *une pizza*" = "Je me *la* suis fait*e*" = "J’ai fait *une pizza* pour moi-même"
2) "se faire *X*" = "devenir *X* par soi-même" (to become something thanks to oneself)
"*Elle* s’est fait*e* *belle*" (she smartened herself up)
23:19 : We write "On n’est pas ensemble"/"Nous ne sommes pas ensemble", and not "ensembles". Here _ensemble_ is an adverb, thus invariable, as in "Nous mangeons ensemble".
Weirdly enough you would say "On est séparés" (here an adjective) to mean the exact same thing. "On est séparément" sounds wrong… But "Nous mangeons séparé*ment*" is correct. Crazy stuff I know.
Great video. I have a few things I'd like to comment on.
Liaison is actually sometimes mandatory and sometimes facultative. I can't tell the rules exactly, but there are moments where you did liaison and I thought "Huh, I actually wouldn't do it here". Not that you were wrong, I just thought it was interesting to point out.
Passé simple is still used in literary writing. It is however true that outside this context, it's pretty much obsolete. However, it's interesting that you thought subjonctif imparfait is still commonly in use, even though it's even more obsolete than passé simple.
You are correct about the general rule for forming adverbs, however, that are exceptions, mainly the adjectives ending in "-ent" or "-ant". These will go "-emment" and "-amment" respectively (évident -> évidemment), unless the adjective is monosyllabic, in which case it follows the normal rule (lent -> lentement). Btw, both endings are pronounced the same, /-amɑ̃/.
I'd say it's more accurate to say the third group of verbs is the "-dre" verbs, rather than the "-re" verbs. Non-"-dre" "-re" tend to work differently from "-dre" verbs. The two exceptions being "prendre" and related verbs (apprendre, comprendre, surprendre, reprendre), and the "-soudre" verbs. Those work differently from other "-dre" verbs.
2nd person singular imperative always drops the "s" for first group (-er) verbs, unless it's followed by a pronoun (including "y" and "en"). Speaking of, "y" is also used with the verb "penser", as in "Je pense à something" -> "J'y pense", and personally, I like to describe "en" as the pronoun that's used for things you would use "de" with.
Subjunctive is used for more than just doubt, it's also used for things like desires and feelings and all kinds of stuff. For example, one would use it with "vouloir", as in "Je veux que tu partes" ("I want you to leave", with "partir" being in the subjunctive here). It can also be used with attributive adjectives, as in "Je suis content que tu sois là" (I'm glad that you're here).
More importantly, the doubt part is not as straightforward as it may seem. If you use verbs like "penser" or "croire", you're actually presupposing the thing is indeed real, and thus, you would use the indicative, but if it's negative, then you're presupposing the thing is indeed not real, and you would use the subjunctive (although some people may used the indicative still). So you would never say "Je pense que tu sois" or "Je crois que tu sois", but you would say "Je ne pense pas que tu sois", "Je ne crois pas que tu sois".
"ne" can be dropped in informal speech.
And lastly, /ø/ and /œ/ can be written "eu", "œ", or "œu"; the distinction between the two phonemes is from phonological context (like /ø/ being found at the end of words, and /œ/ in most closed syllables, for example), with the only exception being the minimal pair "jeune" and "jeûne" (which is pronounced the same in some accents). Also, "œ" alone is sometimes pronounced differently, like /e/ in "fœtus" or /o/ in "stœchiométrie".
And that's pretty much it for the actual content of the video. There's also a lot I could comment on about the actual French translations, but I'd rather give a few tips rather than do a full correction. I need to properly look at the most "problematic" mistakes first, though, and that'll take a while to parse through. If I end up doing it, that will be on another day. Despite that, however, the effort that went into the translation is appreciated. Just ignore people being rude about your skills. I think some French speakers can be too proud of their own language, and it translates as a negative attitude towards learners, I feel.
I love your videos! You take a look at Quebec French and how different it can be
17:49 "Je me le suis dite" is grammatically incorrect, and as a native it sounds wierd (descriptivism, yay !). With the auxiliary "être" the participle agrees with the object (in that case "le") because the participle behaves as an adjective like you mentioned, and here "dite" goes with "le", the pronoun is the thing being said. So you would say "je me le suis dit" whether the subject is male or female, and "je me la suis dite" with a feminine object. Note that for stupid reasons, the participle used with "avoir" only agrees if the object is placed before the verb. Otherwise very good video, that's really the only thing that caught my ear :)
You're talking about "avoir" while using "être" 😅
@@watersnake1462 you're right lol, mistake corrected
This was pretty nice, but the passé simple is still in use, it is definitely more in use than the imparfait du subjonctif, although both are expected if you are to speak or write in a formal setting.
funny that you mentioned the "passé" simple being obsolete (which is, indeed, almost systematically replaced by "passé composé" in spoken French ; in written French it's almost always dropped in informal writing but not always in formal writing), but not "imparfait du subjonctif", which is even _more_ obsolete
Nice channel, keep it on
dont know if this was mentionned but the letter z at the end of the word also changes the way the vowel is spoken ("ne" vs. "nez")
Leur is pronounced /lœʁ/ and not /løʁ/. Here and elsewhere, you tend to miss the allophonic vowel lengthening before /ʁ/
I love learning my language from an outsider perspective. French is a very artistic language created I believe much for the beauty and complexity of it than for its practicality
Nonsense. It is simply a highly mutated form of latin with a very difficult orthography and a hellish pronunciation.
D'ailleurs, je suis français aussi et je déteste ma langue. Trop de complications pour rien, les peuples anciens écrivaient tel qu'ils parlaient, pourquoi pas nous?
@@Novumvir Justement historiquement, le français qu'on connait aujourd'hui a spécifiquement été conçu pour être difficile a écrire et même parler pour séparer les gens riches des gens pauvres. Ceux qui avaient de l'argent avaient le temps de comprendre et d'apprendre les règles. Maintenant, en enlevant trop de ses règles on perdrait la langue,mais avec le temps elle sera plus adaptée
@@takemeseriouslynt Could you share a link where I can read more about that?
@@Novumvir skill issue
@@leonardo9259 Please allow me to correct you. A sentence should always begin with an uppercase letter and always end with a dot. It should also contain a subject, a verb and an object. As such, the correct way to express your idea would have been: You have a skill issue.
great video, perfectly made.
i did notice one mistake though, you said vouloir means "can", which could have been an arrangement error or you mixed that up with pouvoir which means "can." but great video!!
yaaaaa, typos and/or forgetting to change words when I copy slides are my biggest issue, which is what I think happened here, but thanks!
@@watchyourlanguage3870 no problem. you're so underrated, this is exactly the type of content i've been looking for! good job
Really nice video, I'm french and you did a really good job at capturing all the difficulties of the language, you definitely need more subs. You did some mistakes in the sequence in french at the very end, here is the corrected transcription "La langue française a beaucoup changer lors de ses 1900 dernières années d'évolutions, c'est une langue neuve qui ne resemble en rien à ses voisins, mais qui reussit à s'accrocher à des bribes de son passé. Certaines personne pensent que c'est une façon d'augmenter la difficulter d'apprentissage de la langue, mais sans ces characteristiques tel que la liaison, l'élision, et les lettres muettes son orthographe representerais un imaginaire (déconnecter du réel), pas une realité fort complexe. Merci beaucoup d'avoir regardés, et de m'avoir écoutés vous expliquer le pourquoi des lettres muettes. Laisse un j'aime si tu as apprécié la vidéo, abonne toi et clique sur la cloche pour rester au courrant de la prochaine fois ou je mettrais en ligne une video. A la prochaine !"
changé
Sans offenses, tu as laissé beaucoup de fautes (surtout d'accord) dans ta version corrigée. Mais je suis certain qu'une relecture pourvoira à une correction efficace.
@@martinusprimes Il y a des phrases qui faisait pas francophone de base mais je ne voulais pas trop dénaturer le texte, il faudrait rechanger toute la structure sinon (part contre c'est fort probable qu'ils y ait pas mal de fautes d'orthographes et je suis ouvert à des corrections ^^)
@@Inconito___ La brigade des accents a encore frappé:
La langue française a beaucoup chang(é) lors de ses 1900 dernières années d'évolution(), c'est une langue neuve qui ne res(s)emble en rien à ses voisin(e)s, mais qui r(é)ussit à s'accrocher à des bribes de son passé. Certaines personne pensent que c'est une façon d'augmenter la difficult(é) d'apprentissage de la langue, mais sans (s)es charact(é)ristiques tel que la liaison, l'élision, et les lettres muettes son orthographe representerai(t) un imaginaire (déconnect(é) du réel), pas une r(é)alité fort complexe. Merci beaucoup d'avoir regard(é), et de m'avoir écouté() vous expliquer le pourquoi (du comment) des lettres muettes. Laisse un j'aime si tu as apprécié la vidéo, abonne(-)toi et clique sur la cloche pour rester au cour()ant de la prochaine fois o(ù) je mettrais en ligne une vid(é)o. A(à) la prochaine !"
Great video, especially for someone starting a French class in college that wants to take it seriously instead of just for the credits. One comment, though: There are decaf brands out there that taste just as good…
Wish you could make one of these for German!
Nice vid, though I thought I might add that the swiss french accent has the stress on the second to last syllable.
i love watching these videos not understanding a damn thing
Sameeeeee
22:50 oooouch that one hurts.
"Ensemble" can mean two things :
-a set of things, or similar meaning (like a musical ensemble), or
-together
The first meaning is just a noun, so it takes the usual 's' in the plural.
But here, it's the latter meaning, and that's an _adverb,_ not an adjective (just like in English !). And adverbs are, like, the archetype of words that don't inflect in pretty much all languages which have them, so there shouldn't be an 's' at the end there :)
Can you do a Latin language overview?
17:30 - your description of which verbs are used with être isn't entirely correct. It's true that reflexive verbs use être, but it isn't the case that intransitive verbs use it. Rather, it's a closed set of seventeen verbs, mostly verbs of motion or changes in state, that use être, and dormir definitely isn't one of them!
14:58 doesn't European Spanish also have the pasado perfecto fill the role of the basic past tense? different from latin american spanish
They use the haber + participle form much more than in Latin American varieties, but they still use the simple preterite in different contexts. It's not just literary, like in French.
No, they use it as a normal present perfect, very similar to the English one.
Thank you very much for this video! Didn't expect so much information in 25 mins... it's excellent! I've learned a lot.
Qu'est-ce que c'est que ça?
What is-it that this is that this?
''what's that?''
Note that Canadian French has many more vowel sounds, due to à very intense allophony (like /i/ having 4 obvious allophones) or keeping minimal pairs in vowels that disappeared in EuroFr. Like a/â (pâte / patte) or in/un (brin/brun) etc as well as a laxing of high vowels in closed syllables
2:14 huge cap
Nine of them were already present by the time of Proto-Gallo-Romance and /ø/ /œ/ only became proper phonemes in Middle French because of some monophthongization
i love how you use a brainrot slang and then immediately proceed to write a well elaborated paragraph
Where’s the Portuguese video?
Hi your videos are amazing in content. I think that you speak a little bit too fast and your slides are a little bit too colourful ()
(ain/ein/in) is in fact pronounced [æ̃]
It depends of the dialect. It has changed for a some/a lot of them, but we keep writing /ɛ̃/ when talking about this sound
That's a pretty nice video! It's just too bad the subtitles (and basically all the sentences written in French) are that broken. There's a humongous amount of mistakes. Will you fix them?
(6:34 And "jeune" and "jeûne" are actually not pronounced the same way. The former is "/ʒœn/" and means "young" or "youth" and the latter is "/ʒøn/" and means "fast (period without consuming nourishment)".
11:02 & 11:52 "leur" is pronounced "/lœʁ/".
11:41 "side by side" is translated as "côte à côte", not "main dans la main".
12:19 "neuf" is pronounced "/nœf/".
12:31 The subjunctive is not to be used in "Je crois que nous SAVIONS tous où ceci allait". 12:55 Same thing for "Quand ils disent qu'ils FONT du meilleur chocolat". Subjunctive is not systematically employed after each "que", there are rules.
14:12 Imo, you should not have used the word "blanc" for that example but rather a more commonly used adverb.
And that's just what I wrote down. There's unfortunately so much more to talk about.)
get a job
"jeune" and "jeûne" are pronounced the same in my dialect, as /ʒœn/
@@thibistharkuk2929 I'm based on the received pronunciation of Standard French (France), the one given on Wiktionary. I also don't pronounce "jeûne" like /ʒøn/.
@@raboullesfritas I don't see the problem of not using received pronunciation, it would have been just better if the video specified the other variants in pronunciation
@@thibistharkuk2929 They won't show each and every different pronunciation. That's why when people present a language, they should present the standard pronunciation even though it may not be the more common. Since the video contains a lot of errors, that thing we're discussing might be an error as well rather than a logical choice, that's why I'm still pointing it out.
rien is pronounced /ʁjɛ̃/ not /ʁjɑ̃/
Same for bien or the name Adrien. i, y, e + en -> ɛ̃ : chien, doyen, moyen, lycéen. The same goes for some words borrowed from old greek or latin : memento, appendice, examen, benzène, ...
Make sure to keep you lips rounded when pronouncing [y]
just a quick comment about the French subtitles : they're very poorly translated 😅
Like I can still understand what they mean, but when you compare to the audio you can reaaaaly see that each word was translated literally with little regard for the context
(but I should maybe add-other than that, the video _is_ really well‐made ! The content is good, you explain (correctly) a good amount of detail in a relatively short amount of time, so... yeah, if you ignore the subtitles it's really good !)
No wonder english is so messed up!
This language is declining
Not at all lmao
What are you talking about? There are no grammatical cases