Rocket Science: How Rockets Work - A Short and Basic Explanation
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- čas přidán 5. 06. 2024
- How do rockets work? What is the science behind a rocket launch? How does a rocket go into space? In this short and simple video, we discuss the science of how rockets work. It is a short animated video for kids and laymen to understand the basics of a rocket launch.
Rocket science is considered a highly technical, or even scary subject by many. But in reality, it’s not that complicated. Rocket launches are elaborate processes, which consist of a number of small, basic steps that need to be accomplished properly in order to reach the desired end result - the successful launch of the rocket.
A rocket is, in simple terms, a vehicle that is powered by rocket engines. NASA and other space agencies all over the world, including ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization), JAXA (Japanese Space Agency), Roscosmos (Russian Space Agency), ESA (European Space Agency) and CNSA have been involved in sending rockets into space for decades now. A rocket consists of three main parts - the guidance system, payload system and propulsion system. We discuss these systems in more detail in this short, simple video designed for kids.
#science #animation #RocketScience
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References:
web.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Av...
spaceflightsystems.grc.nasa.g...
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www.nasa.gov/audience/forstud...
www.grc.nasa.gov/www/K-12/air... - Věda a technologie
I just watched the Falcon 9 launch. It was great to get a basic understanding of how the launch came together. Thanks a lot!
Lmao I literally just watched it too and typed "how rockets work"
It's called the dragon the missions going good so far
@@easilyrecognisablename2105 Reusing the first stage booster of Falcon 9 during fairing is the holy grail of orbital rocketery ..
@@limyize same pmoa
Pro Rocket Science tip: Never lay under a rocket as it’s lifting off
If you were inside a *_tank_* placed directly beneath a Saturn V moon rocket at launch, it might help you to survive for a *_fraction_* of a second longer, but not more.
but if one "HAD" to choose a way to die.. I would have to think about it..
NASA is typing...
@@entangledmindcells9359 If you have to choose a way of death, choose old age
This was so helpful thank you so much this advice is so useful
Note: Fuel for the Shuttle's main engines comes from the external tank. So it is not jettisoned until after the engines have completed their burn. Once the ET is jettisoned, the Shuttle makes its major burns using the OMS (orbital maneuvering system) engines, which have an on-board fuel supply.
Another error is that the Shuttle exhaust does not act against the ground at liftoff. The Shuttle launch stand actually holds it quite a way above the ground. There are huge blast deflectors under the launch stand that direct the blast to the sides. They want to be sure that the exhaust gas is not reflected back where it might damage the spacecraft. The deflectors direct the exhaust sideway into large brick-lined flame trenches, which allow it to flow away from the launch pad.
AND fun fact: The reason that Space Shuttle never launched from Slick-6 at VAFB was because they realized that the flame trenches were not adequate and there would be acoustic reflections back on the stack.
We'd like to point out a technical errors in the video: at 2:56 The rocket doesn't go extremely fast right after liftoff. It passes through the densest parts of the atmosphere at relatively lower speeds and accelerates to much higher speeds after the drag from the layers of the atmosphere is minimized.
nice to see that you still care about this two years later :)
Yea I was confused about that part where you said that the rocket launches due to the reaction force of the ground because in that case there is no need for fuel. Thanks for clearing that up.
Yea. Cuz if you think of it it would get harder to steer or trust.
Cuz in space there is nothing that the gasses can push of of
It doesn't leave smoke behind mostly steam from thrusters and the water system on the ground if your talking about NASA's launches
pin it
Watching this after watching so many videos of Elon musks rockets going into space
By the way, rockets aren't considered useless after their first launch. The Falcon 9 has been created to be used up to 9 more times after it's first launch! The creators specifically included this information in the launch as well. Though the rockets might not have been like Falcon 9 back in 2018.
It depends on the manufacturer. Elon Musk had the actual goal of creating Reusable (Quality) Rockets and made it work, while NASA's goals probably weren't necessarily focused on the concept at the time.
Fun Fact: "Out of the rockets recovered, they have reused the Falcon 9's First-Stage Boosters 87 times.", or more by now.
@@Slayr. They now have some boosters that have flown 16 times.
They have landed a booster successfully over 200 times now.
I love all the videos and explanations that can be easily found about rockets. The more exposure there is on this the better, we need all of the great minds working together in this industry. Thanks for this amazing video!
Thank you very much, now I'm going to build the next Falcon 9 in my garage!
Oh god...
How’s that posssible
Because it is possible
@@ChristianSanchez-me3jh why not. Right?
Oh it’s possible alright
“Rockets are only used to get stuff to space, period” Germany in ww2 I don’t think so
I agree to what you say but I think they meant that SPACErockets are only used to get stuff to space. They may not been thinking of rockets of war when doing this vid.
@@johansmith4764 They literally talked about missiles
I’m doing aero-mechanical engineering at uni and am bored😂 but still good video. One of my favourite thing about rockets it’s use of a gyroscope. Should look into it!
Wooow thats awesome! i love aerospace and i wanna do it as a bachelors degree in uni, btw is aerospace engineering difficult?
@@muhammedhassan137 well currently only in the later half of 2nd year of uni so not sure how difficult it will get. Up to this point it’s fine. Very interesting though. I believe you will manage. Good luck mate!!
@@mathew66 Rocket Science is insanely difficult ...
But only those who find their love and passion for rocket science can only find it easy to understand and to apply the concepts in real life ...
@@muhammedhassan137 Rocket Science is insanely intense and difficult subject ...
But only those who find their love and passion for rocket science can only find it easy to understand and to apply the concepts in real life ...
Otherwise if you find little bit of less passion for rocket science then don't choose it because you will get frustrated for sure after some time ..
@@nirbhayatiwari5425 currently in my 2nd half of 3rd year. It’s definitely a big step up but still the stuffs manageable. Of course this is by staying on top of the work. Anyone can do it though!!
This video answers most of my curiosity questions about rockets. Thanks!
The rocket does not propel by pushing to the ground. It is by ejecting a large amount of gas produced when the fuel is combusted out in one direction, and so the rocket will have an equal and opposite reaction by moving at the direction opposite to the fuel ejected.
thank you so much i had to do presentation about rockets i had no idea i searched whole internet and couldn't get enough info thank you again for this amazing video i learned everything in just 10 minute
you don't put missiles on a rocket
You put a warhead on a rocket, and then the rocket itself becomes a missile
Wow this video helped me so much and now I understand how rockets work! Thank you so much, keep up the good work!
I liked my own comment lol.
Hi there myself!
Yooo
I want to clarify that this video contains a lot of errors. (More then just the two that have been mentioned in the pinned comments)
If you want to learn how rockets work, i would recommend that you watch another video.
I was about to explain that a rocket doesnt push the ground to go up but y'all already corrected it do.....Nice video.
Thank you for explaining, I want to learn rocket science and this is my first step
I do have to say that this is pretty acurate (2 errors are fixed in comments below)
You still here
Your videos are very good but can you please change the microphone
Now this is some rocket science
That's a great and simple explanation ❤️ thank you
Hello please can I know the characteristics of actuator and sensor , used in the rocket ??
Informative video with good animations and explanations of the concepts of how rockets work, thanks! However, the audio quality made it hard to listen to and understand.
Actually rockets work by conservation of momentum. Consider this: the rocket has to lift its own weight, which includes the fuel, so if it was an equal and opposite reaction, the rocket would never get off the pad because even if it ejected all the mass of fuel and oxidizer out the back, it would not generate enough thrust to move. In the engine, the fuel is burned and the rapidly expanding exhaust gas is directed downward by the nozzle. Since the exhaust gas moves so fast, it can generate a large change in momentum with a relatively small mass. So what you see at launch is the relatively light exhaust gas being ejected backwards at a high velocity, but the relatively heavy rocket moving forward off the pad somewhat slowly. Note the momentum is conserved at all times, the momentum of the high-velocity low-mass exhaust gas has changed the same amount as high-mass low-velocity rocket.
How the rocket turns inside the space
@@periklisspanos7185 Generally they gimble the engines so the exhaust does not go straight back to steer the rocket.
This video deserves way more recognition.
my son learned so much from this
"every action has it's = opposite reaction" Am I the only one who thought of Hamilton?
Andrea Dunn omg yes
I DID TOO
what are the odds that the gods would put us all in one place? (this video)
Can you make a video of the structure of satellite
How do they come back but if all parts are dismantled
Super dope bro 💪🏽🔥
Come on guys this isn't so hard to understand its not rocket science, oh wait it literally is!
Lol
yEaH nOt lIkE iT’s rOckEt ScIeNce!!! - says the smart kid in the class.
How long does it takes to prepare for a rocket to launch?
Months
Well done.
NASA: After the rocket is used, and its mission is fulfilled, they are rendered useless.
Elon Musk: Are you SuRe about That!?
Thanks for this video! Really helped with my essay.
nobody cares
@@bushmeatmeat3278 we got an anger issues over here. U think i can be mean online because nobobdy knows who you are?
What animation did you use to make the video? It’s awesome mate!
We have used Adobe Animate to make this.
Thank you!🙏🙏🙏
You make really good content! Perhaps we could do a collab together! It would be awesome to work with you!
Very nice love your vids keep uploading
Awesome video, very well animated, and very well explained.
How can rocket getting thrust in a partial vacuum?
Two things you need to understand.
1)conservation of momentum.
2) newton's third law.
The latter is the one you're having trouble with. You think the mass of the fuel being burnt has nothing to push against because space is a near vaccum?
Well it actually works by pushing against all the sides of the combustion chamber of the rocket. Left and right cancel out, so a lot of the particles push up against the top of the chamber but the equal and opposite side which is obviously down is open so it doesn't cancel out by exerting an equal and opposite force hence the net force pushes upwards.
Hopefully that's straightforward enough for you. 😉 Conservation of momentum just help the whole process along.
@@F1.4the-moment - "2) Einstein's third law."
Perhaps you meant "Newton's third law" ?
@@stuartgray5877 haha, it seems so... This is the consequence of watching these vids when half asleep in the early hours of the morning lol. My bad. I'll amend it. Thank you for the correction. 🙂
By using cryogenic engines
Oxidizer
hi!! great video! i have a question though.... if thrust and combustion dont work in a vacuum, how does the apollo missions supposedly reached the moon?
Thrust _does_ work in a vacuum (Newton's third law), and rockets bring with them the oxygen they need to burn the fuel. As an example of that, the space shuttle's big, orange fuel tank contained 106 tonnes of liquid hydrogen as the fuel and 629 tonnes of liquid oxygen to burn it.
@@fromnorway643 gracias!!! thank you for the explanation :)
@@Jazmincm90 oxidizer for short
@@fromnorway643 how can thrust work in vacuum ?
In vaccum there is no matter to interact with i.e. newton's 3rd law shouldn't apply there. But as we know rocket propels in vacuum, it means the thrust is acting on darkmatter and pushing it of ?
@@cisarvialpando7412
Newton's third law is basically about conservation of momentum.
When several tonnes of hot gases per second is pushed in one direction at 10 times the speed of sound or more, the rocket itself is pushed with the same force in the opposite direction. The momentum gained by the hot gases is thus cancelled out by the momentum gained by the rocket.
Newton's second law,
*F = m x a*
(F is the force/thrust in newtons, m is the mass in kg and a is the acceleration in m/s²)
can be used to calculate the thrust from a rocket or jet engine if the mass of the expelled gas per second and its speed when leaving the engine are known.
Example:
Let's assume that a large rocket engine expels 1 metric tonne or 1000 kg of gas per second at a speed of 3000 metres per second.
F = 1000 x 3000 = 3,000,0000 newton or 674,000 pounds.
For comparison, that's nearly 6 times more than the world's most powerful jet engine, the GE-90-115B rated at 115,300 pounds.
Excellent video!
ISRO 🔥🔥
Rockets do not push against the ground. They work equally well if you can the whole thing some distance above the ground.
You are correct but the right explanation comes later in the video. Nonetheless it is good to highlight this point.
MomoTheBellyDancer see 3:27
Proud to see ISRO in the video!!!
Great Explained
Glad you think so!
Awesome video!
I have a question. How hot does the fuel exhaust get when it's burned? Also, how do they make sure that the bottom of the rocket doesn't melt?
It’s pretty hot and would depend upon the fuel/oxidizer mixture ratio. I don’t have that data without searching for it. As for things not meltingly, welcome to “rockets science”. They use methods of circulating the cold fuel in tubes that make up the nozzle thus helping them keep cool enough to survive the high temperatures. Also, the use materials that handle such temperatures.
@@kitcanyon658 interesting. Thanks for the response
@@Ricky911_ : Indeed. I spent my first half decade as an engineer being a small cog in the design and testing of different rocket engines.
@@kitcanyon658 Brother ..
How do the Raptors compare to the F-1 engines of Saturn 5 ..
very help full
A rocket ship works by using a combination of thrust and lift to propel itself through the air. The thrust is generated by burning fuel, which creates hot gases that are expelled from the rocket engine, pushing the rocket in the opposite direction. The lift is created by the shape of the rocket, which is designed to create an area of low pressure above it, allowing it to be lifted up.
The type of fuel used in a rocket depends on the mission and what type of engine is being used. Solid fuel rockets use a solid propellant, such as rubber or plastic, while liquid fuel rockets use a liquid propellant, such as kerosene or liquid hydrogen.
The shape of a rocket affects its flight in two ways. Firstly, it affects the aerodynamics of the rocket, allowing it to move more efficiently through the air. Secondly, it affects the lift generated by the rocket, allowing it to reach higher altitudes.
I like playing "Rocket Craze" on my mobile phone :)
Explained so well !!! TnQ :)
How does the rocket get back? Haven’t seen any info on how it takes off from the moon
I have seen some footage of lunar module takeoff.
FrenchCrow link please?
What's the big mystery as to how the 6 Apollo lunar modules took off from the moon?
It's almost as if you didn't know that the lunar modules had a rocket engine?
Are you being deliberately dumb?
If the rocket would run out of fuel by shooting straight up, can't you solve this problem by adding more fuel? also wouldn't shooting on a tilted axis increase the distance and require more fuel as opposed to going straight after only one minute?
The only way a rocket can get into orbit around the earth, is to continually arc-over during the ascent, so that eventually, the rocket is travelling horizontally over the earth's surface.
A rocket can't get into orbit, by simply going straight up.
@Max Imana A rocket going straight up will just come back down unless it can reach escape velocity which is more than 24,000mph. To reach orbital velocities of 17,000mph a rocket must arc over and follow the shape of the earth. Also, if you look at amateur rocket launches, you will see that they do shoot straight up, quite fast actually, but still, gravity wins the battle because they cannot carry enough fuel to even reach orbit which is why they do not arc over, let alone escape velocity going straight up. They always come back down. Then they recover the nose cone, body, and parachute to use it again.
Rockets that go to space have to have enormous amounts of fuel just to get their payload to orbit which is why it seems they are slow at launch. As they burn this fuel off the rocket gets lighter and faster and the different stages are shed, and the next rocket takes over and the rocket gets faster until it achieves orbital velocities.
Its really easy when you tilt down, because every launch first mission is to go to orbit, and tilting is just the perfect way to do it. If you go straight up and then tilt it would require more fuel.
@@nebtheweb8885 thanks for your detailed reply this makes sense.
I'm here because of the Space Flight Simulator, this..is quite fascinating.
Ye, Im here just to see third law of motion. If you think of it its satisfying
This is great for me to know what rocket are🚀🚀🚀🚀🚀🚀🚀🚀🚀🚀🚀🚀😲😲😲😲😲😲
This time it IS rocket science
The world's first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957
thank you sir
Thanku sir for this video 👍👍🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏❤️❤️
If there’s no ground to thrust off of, and no air to thrust off of, can the rocket still move?
Yes
Did you not understand what was explained in the video?
The mass of the burnt fuel gases being ejected out of the exhaust nozzles at hypersonic velocity, propels the rocket in the opposite direction.
This is one of the conservation of momentum laws, where mass going in one direction, causes the propulsion of mass in the opposite direction.
It's similar to the recoil of a gun, where the mass of the bullet being ejected out of the gun at high velocity, causes the gun to be 'propelled' (recoiled) in the opposite direction.
A rocket isn't propelled due to 'thrust off' the ground or the air.
You should look into ballistics
No, a separate body is required to create thrust. The exhaust is part of the rocket, so cannot be that separate body. A free body diagram shows this very clearly.
Please explain the science behind the rocket engines being bell shaped.
Lol?
How is the rocket assembled from top to bottom?
VAB
Weird that “atlas” looks a lot like a delta 2/3
Can I use some of your footage..in my video? Without copyright..?
Hi Pavan, We hold the copyright to this video and we do not allow commercial usage of our videos.
Nice explanation
I have a question why does the exhaust go downward if it is to the direction of motion?????!!
If you want the rocket to go forward/up, then obviously, you want the exhaust to be ejected from the rocket in the opposite direction.
every action has equal and opposite reaction.
so if you throw something in one direction, you would get pushed into opposite direction at same force.
Because the exhaust pushes on the atmosphere & the atmosphere pushes back. No atmosphere = no thrust, very simple to understand, a free body diagram shows this clearly.
@@spatrk6634 a rocket does not throw things 😂
@@sailorman8668 wrong.
Interesting
Actually I am preparing for the next isro exam. This video was very useful for me . And don't forget to keep me updated with these unknown facts. I have seen all your videos.
That's awesome! How was your exam?
My friends in school and I are gonna go to space August 1st And be the first kids in space
5:25 that’s not exactly true, once the external fuel tank is jettisoned the 3 main RS-25 engines have no fuel hence the need for the orbital maneuvering system
True.
Thanks ❤️🙏
Such an underrated channel.
Great video, what is the back ground music? 🚀
you ever find it?
good vid
How does the rocket move upward with just flames on the bottom?
It isn't just "flames" but exhaust gases that are thrown out at 10 times the speed of sound or more, producing lots of recoil in the process.
A space shuttle does not eject "Fire". It ejects PURE WATER.
Do you agree that WATER has "Mass"?
SO when the SSME is running it is accelerating 500 kilograms of PURE WATER from a velocity of ZERO to 2500 meters per second (about MACH 8 at sea level).
DO you think ANY MACHINE can accelerate 500 kilograms from zero to MACH 8 in about TEN FEET - WITHOUT A RECOIL FORCE?
Yes or No?
@@stuartgray5877
Good point, Stuart Gray!
I just want to add that the exhaust velocity from an SSME (AKA RS-25) is 3590 m/sec at sea level and 4435 m/sec in space. That means that _every kilogram_ of exhaust (mainly water vapour but also some unburnt hydrogen gas) produce 366 - 452 kilopond of thrust, enough to lift a moderately sized male polar bear.
Better check the damn O-Rings
Guys, come on, it's not that hard, it's not rocket science after all.
Lol it is, this is just the basics
I played space flight simulator before so i have a good amount of knowledge of rockets
Now try playing ksp or simplerockets 2...
Try playing KSP, its full of science, its really hard to go to space, sfs is just a basic
Am i the only one having this for Science :(
Thanks
Nice video
Glad that you liked it.
So tell me.. if the rocket is also spinning with the earth at 1032mph east to west at what point does it lose that speed once in orbit ?
The speed of the rocket is specific to the orbit it wants to maintain and is independent of the earths orbit..
If it wants to have a geostationary orbit, Its orbit matches the earth so it stays over the same spot.. It is just a matter of finding the distance where the speed/gravity match up to keep the rocket or in most cases the satellite over the same spot.
@@entangledmindcells9359 so geo sync is staying at 1032mph. ?
But if the rocket is say still 1 mile from the ground is is also spinning at 1032mph.?
@@JudaismIslamUnited geo sync is matching the earths rotation of once per day..
I don't know the speed but its based on that angular speed and gravity..
there is a distance, where at that angular speed, the centrifugal force experienced by the angular speed matches gravity and they cancel each other out.
@@entangledmindcells9359 they say the speed of earths rotation is 1032mph.
So is the space object moving at 1032mph.?
The title is misleading. This vid is not about a rocket works, it’s about what it does.
It's goes fast which has never happened before
What music is used in the background of the video??
Here starts my binge watch..
I'm only watching this so when i fail at a simple task and someone says it isn't rocket science, i can say "well apparently its more difficult than that because i understand rocket science"
You won't believe it, but the guy who decided to script this video had the exact same thought as you, and we were like, hell yes, let's make a video on rocket science. And here you are!
@@Scienceabc thats hilarious. Good video btw I liked the way it was explained
@@juicyballsack2477 thank you, kind human!
My fav
wow Crazy
Thanks.
Good bro
The rocket is not just to get through the atmosphere. The rocket engine must fight gravity to.
That's why all rockets need a thrust to weight ratio larger than 1, or they won't be able to take off.
@@fromnorway643 Ja jag vet det! Jag är en svensk. Du är uppenbarligen från Norge. :)
@@johansmith4764
Stemmer!
Vil bare legge til at det aller meste av rakettens energi går med til å akselerere den _horisontalt,_ for horisontal hastighet er det viktigste kriteriet for å ende opp i kretsløp.
the first rockets where used in WW2 by the germens not 1958
ths is great
Can I get this ppt ?
For me to understand this it’s rocket science.
"The ground will respond by pushing the rocket upwards" For real did you just say that?
If every action has an equal and opposite reaction. In terms of rocket propulsion., the action is the move air molecules at speed away from the engine in order to create the possibility of thrust. Otherwise, what is the rocket reacting against? If there is a vacuum. How is thrust created? If atmosphere gets thinner the higher up - you would need more thrust the thinner the air got. So it's not really possible to build a rocket and fly into space.
Have you always been this stupid Jack?
Jack - If I fired a standard steel projectile from a *crossbow* , in space, will I feel a recoil? Yes or No?
The rocket is pushing ignited fuel at high speeds away from the rocket. All of that fuel is contained within the rocket. The mass flow rate of fuel times the velocity of fuel creates the force. Momentum is then conserved and the rocket moves in the opposite direction of the mass flow direction of fuel.
Exactly I was also wondering that
@@stuartgray5877 what’s your point?
Rockets are interesting. They are not just the only way we know to practically travel in space. They are also the only way to reach such high speeds. Rocket engine is extremely inefficient from the start, but efficiency increases the faster it goes.
An interesting thing about rocket engines is: while it consumes a constant amount of energy per unit time, the rocket's kinetic energy increases with the square of time. Eventually, the added kinetic energy will be higher than the consumed energy! No, it would be in opposition to the physical laws. In any case, the fuel will run out before it happens.
As far as I understand it.
Explain the third law? How it applied?
The fire is pushed, rocket fly
Not necessarily fire
Idk why i said that
- "Explain the third law? How it applied?
Newton's third law: "For every ACTION there is an equal and opposite REACTION"
The rocket engine PUSHES on the MASS of the exhaust gas ACCELERATING IT out the nozzle.
This is the ACTION.
The mass of the exhaust gas PUSHES BACK on the rocket accelerating it.
This is the REACTION.
Wow.