Exceptions to the Last Lexical Item Rule (LLI) | Sentence Stress & Intonation | Phonology
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- Billie English - the CZcams channel to help you improve your English pronunciation, speaking and fluency! Billie is a certified CELTA English teacher trainer and has over 17 years of teaching experience. Learn more about exceptions to the Last Lexical Item Rule (LLI Rule) in this video.
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★★ TIME STAMPS ★★
0:00 - Intro & recap
1:24 - Exception 1: Old information (repetitions)
4:24 - Exception 2: Synonyms or near-synonyms
7:17 - Exception 3: Context
9:06 - Exception 4: Empty Words
10:40 - Exception 5: Contrastive Stress
#intonation #sentencestress #phonology
★★ WHAT THIS VIDEO IS ABOUT★★
This video is Part 2! If you do not know what the Last Lexical Item Rule (LLI Rule is), watch Part 1 first: • The Last Lexical Item ...
In short, the rule states that in English the main stress falls on the last lexical item in a sentence (or better: a tone unit), unless the speaker wants to change the neutral (= unmarked) meaning of the sentence. Lexical items are words such as nouns, most verbs, adjectives and adverbs. They carry meaning and are also often called content words. Function words on the other hand are words such as articles, prepositions, auxiliaries, modals, pronouns and conjunctions. They do not carry much meaning but hold the syntax together. That’s why we also often call them grammar words.
In this second video we are going to have a look at exceptions to the Last Lexical Item Rule (LLI). There are 5 exceptions in total: old information (repetitions), synonyms or near-synonyms, context, empty words and contrastive stress. We are going to discuss each exception in detail using plenty of examples.
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Billie is a pronunciation coach and content creator based in Barcelona, Spain. Her main focus is English pronunciation, phonology and helping learners speak more fluently. Billie has a degree in Communication Research & Phonology, a PGCE in Primary Education, a Trinity College Cert & DiplomaTESOL and over 17 years of teaching experience. She also works as a CELTA teacher trainer, Cambridge examiner and educational advisor. Her videos have been featured in the Google funded AI app ELSA speak.
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Book one of my classes and elevate your skills to the next level! 📚✨
You do deserve millions and thousands of followers dear Billie
THANK YOU SO MUCH Its so clear
I'm eagerly waiting to know about the topic of phonology..... Thanks a lot ma'am
Hallo beautiful teacher 💕
Wow, I didn’t know any of these rules, please post more videos like this! Thank you!
I'll post a few more videos on intonation & sentence stress soon. In the meantime have a look at these other videos I published a while ago on sentence stress:
Four Types of sentence stress: czcams.com/video/Eq4w52XdoP0/video.html
Sentence Stress in English: czcams.com/video/g9p0pzvt1s0/video.html
Word & Sentence stress: czcams.com/video/K5e9KJj2qDI/video.html
I hope you find these helpful!
@@BillieEnglish thank you so much!
Great video
Thanks
Amazing
Mam I will be waiting for ur answer.
( Thanks)
What you call exceptions to the LLI are in fact examples of narrow focus. The only exception that you mentioned is words of low semantic content acoording to Ortiz Lira. Event sentences are exceptions. Passive voice. Nouns plus infinitives, averbials, etc. There are many that you ommitted. You gave examples of narraow focus. Examples to the LLI are in broad focus.
Hi ma'am, hope you are well!
But the native speaker of ENglish/ uses these dEvices/ without giving conscious tHought/ to what he is dOing./ He has lEArned /how to ring the changes on his wOrds/ to convey differing shades of mENning /with complete Accuracy.
Is it correct ma'am? I've used simply slashes for tonality and capital letters for tonicity ( Nucleus).
How can we identify the sound of consonant and vowel in a word.
Kindly elaborate
Hello Billie. Could you be so kind as to let me know if Elsa Pro is useful to improve overall communication skills and if it's possible to learn RP or other UK English pronunciation? Thank you!
Hello! So, ELSA trains you in a neutral American accent, not RP. There are many lessons on there that also helps you pick up new words and phrases but it doesn't include specific vocabulary training exercises. The focus is pronunciation & speaking fluency. You can download it and try some lessons for free without paying!
Thanks Billie! I wanted to practice RP or any British accent :/
Anyway Elsa is able to understand RP. For instance nonrothic or difference in o or ja sound before u
Amazing ma'am I am your student
I really get confused about something....When you Move The main stress position as in Cases Like (Repeated word - General knowledge - Empty words - Near snynyom)
The Neutral meaning of the sentence Will Change or Not ???!!!
because on the begining you have said when we move the Main stress The Neutral meaning will change...does this rule is okay in cases of moving The main stress on The above Cases That i mentioned ???? or Just it works on Case of Emphatic and Contrastive stress
Please answer my Questions ..i really got confused🙏 ❤❤❤❤
For old information I think you don’t change the meaning, just moving the focus on the verb for instance
could you explain how to pronounce "can't" in british? but in usa it sounds offencive.
In uk they use long a:, but in us flat front a. Usually t is dropped both in uk and us
Hi dear Billie
Please we need an extensive explanation about allophone. 🙏⚘️
Noted! I will consider this for a video in the future!
Helo mam,mam i hope you will be good.
Mam here you say that ( she won the lottery.unfortunayel,I have never had so much luck.) Exactly here luck is not under stress but u said that had is last lexical item and I say that here much is adjective and adjective is lexical word so why this is not lexical item here.
A good question! So here you need to consider that:
'won the lottery' = 'have so much luck'
These two chunks have essentially the same meaning and so none of the items in 'have so much luck' are new. Therefore, 'luck' isn't the last lexical item because it isn't new. Instead, the last new lexical item is 'had' (or 'never' ... this depends on where you want to place the stress and focus attention on). I hope this helps!
Thank u mam GOD bless u.
My name is Bond, James Bond