Simulation Reveals Spiraling Supermassive Black Holes
Vložit
- čas přidán 1. 10. 2018
- A new model is bringing scientists a step closer to understanding the kinds of light signals produced when two supermassive black holes, which are millions to billions of times the mass of the Sun, spiral toward a collision. For the first time, a new computer simulation that fully incorporates the physical effects of Einstein's general theory of relativity shows that gas in such systems will glow predominantly in ultraviolet and X-ray light.
Just about every galaxy the size of our own Milky Way or larger contains a monster black hole at its center. Observations show galaxy mergers occur frequently in the universe, but so far no one has seen a merger of these giant black holes.
Scientists have detected merging stellar-mass black holes -- which range from around three to several dozen solar masses -- using the National Science Foundation's Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO). Gravitational waves are space-time ripples traveling at the speed of light. They are created when massive orbiting objects like black holes and neutron stars spiral together and merge.
Supermassive mergers will be much more difficult to find than their stellar-mass cousins. One reason ground-based observatories can't detect gravitational waves from these events is because Earth itself is too noisy, shaking from seismic vibrations and gravitational changes from atmospheric disturbances. The detectors must be in space, like the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) led by ESA (the European Space Agency) and planned for launch in the 2030s.
But supermassive binaries nearing collision may have one thing stellar-mass binaries lack -- a gas-rich environment. Scientists suspect the supernova explosion that creates a stellar black hole also blows away most of the surrounding gas. The black hole consumes what little remains so quickly there isn't much left to glow when the merger happens.
Supermassive binaries, on the other hand, result from galaxy mergers. Each supersized black hole brings along an entourage of gas and dust clouds, stars and planets. Scientists think a galaxy collision propels much of this material toward the central black holes, which consume it on a time scale similar to that needed for the binary to merge. As the black holes near, magnetic and gravitational forces heat the remaining gas, producing light astronomers should be able to see.
The new simulation shows three orbits of a pair of supermassive black holes only 40 orbits from merging. The models reveal the light emitted at this stage of the process may be dominated by UV light with some high-energy X-rays, similar to what's seen in any galaxy with a well-fed supermassive black hole.
Three regions of light-emitting gas glow as the black holes merge, all connected by streams of hot gas: a large ring encircling the entire system, called the circumbinary disk, and two smaller ones around each black hole, called mini disks. All these objects emit predominantly UV light. When gas flows into a mini disk at a high rate, the disk's UV light interacts with each black hole's corona, a region of high-energy subatomic particles above and below the disk. This interaction produces X-rays. When the accretion rate is lower, UV light dims relative to the X-rays.
Based on the simulation, the researchers expect X-rays emitted by a near-merger will be brighter and more variable than X-rays seen from single supermassive black holes. The pace of the changes links to both the orbital speed of gas located at the inner edge of the circumbinary disk as well as that of the merging black holes.
The simulation ran on the National Center for Supercomputing Applications' Blue Waters supercomputer at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Modeling three orbits of the system took 46 days on 9,600 computing cores.
Read more: www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/...
Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
Music: "Games Show Sphere 01" from Killer Tracks
This video is public domain and along with other supporting visualizations can be downloaded from the Scientific Visualization Studio at: svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13043
If you liked this video, subscribe to the NASA Goddard CZcams channel: / nasaexplorer
Follow NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
· Facebook: / nasa.gsfc
· Twitter / nasagoddard
· Flickr www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc
· Instagram / nasagoddard - Věda a technologie
The blank circular region between the two black holes wasn’t modeled in this version of the simulation, which took the Blue Waters supercomputer 46 days on 9,600 computing cores to produce. The reason it was not included was because the grid of points in space, or "3-d pixels", at which the physics equations are solved pinch together like thin pizza slices at the center of the region. Since the spacing between these points is so small and the dynamics are so fast, it requires the simulation to take very small steps in time to capture the motion across these small distances. This is called the Courant condition. Covering the center region means we would have to make the "pizza slices" even thinner and make our time steps even smaller, so our simulation would have to take many more animation steps to reach the same point in time. Future models will map the gas passing between the black holes in that region, but will require even more processing power or new methods of gridding (which are under development).
Damn, and I thought that my ANSYS models were big and took forever to run :D
Thank you for providing this additional information!
@WhiteRice Most likely because you want very accurate information about that. And they say there is alot of movement involved and to capture all the movement they need smaller slices is my guess.
As far as I understand it it's all about how much movement there is in a certain area and time frame which causes the calculations to take longer or shorter.
Thanks for this explanation NASA it is realy interesting.
AND IS A AN ABYSMAL EFFORT TO PROJECT GRAVITY, GRAVITY IS 3 DIMENSIONAL NOT 2 DIMENSIONAL .
@@ossiedunstan4419 Not enough computing power.
The simulation ran on the National Center for Supercomputing Applications’ Blue Waters supercomputer at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Modeling three orbits of the system took 46 days on 9,600 computing cores.
Holy cow!!!
can it run crysis tho
I will never complain about my rendering times again
Never knew this till now,I work at @ U of I,makes me proud.
It seems to be in need of some optimization
I wonder what part of the rendering process took so long?
This would make for a cool animated desktop wallpaper if it wasn't for the text.
There is a link where you can download a text-free version in the information.
@@NASAGoddard wallpaper engine 😗
Ya I could have used it in wallpaper engine 😁
no you need a supercomputer for that
I’m always amazed at how natural these look.
Anyone here from Earth?
Jonathan Smith shocked to see this only had 9 likes...
No im from Pantala, but thank you for asking!
I'm from a planet sometimes known as Terra. Why are you asking?
Not originally, but apparently I'm stuck here for a little while longer 😧
No, I'm from Missouri
BREAKING NEWS: Simulation reveals what simulator simulated in said simulation.
stop simulating , simulated simulator
simulating simultaneously inside simulation's simulations for simulator's simulating simulation
common sense!... look at the title! flattards!
I waz gna say something simular
Seriously.
That's crazy cool.
It's funny how many armchair physicists come out of the woodwork for videos like this and offer explanations that are as vague, obtuse and incomplete as they say the video is.
Yet another example of how accurate simulations of the principles found in physics can prepare us and get us closer to finding anomalies like this.
This is the coolest thing I have seen in a while...
I’m very curious about the region that wasn’t modeled. What’s in there? Was it prohibitively expensive to calculate? And, if it weren’t for the dangerous streams of super-hot gas, what would be seen by an observer flying through the barycenter between two (equally sized) black holes in very close orbit, but early enough before their event horizons touch? Would such a fly-by have all the “Interstellar style” time dilation effects? Would any other interesting and surprising phenomena occur?
Cartoons for adults
Burning Aether ну такое
Haha good description of it!
+kyzercube _
Dooode, 2 "Supermassive Black Holes" enough said.
Nekogami-Crystal 🤣
*scientists
Shoutout to whomever simulated this. Fantastic!
A marvellous and uncanny animation. It is a wonder that we now get to understand visually and from this continue to explore even from our own planet...
Question: I was watching another video like this and I noticed something. When this occurs is there a …opposite gravity force that splashed out? I noticed steep downhill means stronger gravity but I notice I positive bump or “hill” and I was curious to ask if that’s accurate observation.
This is amazing
Can you do simulation on what it looks like inside Black Hole ???
So essentially, a Black Hole merger wouldn't necessarily release a supermassive "explosion" or release of thermal/radiation energy, it would just "boop" merge into one slightly larger black hole. Since the gravity on both ends is too intense to let anything go, a merger wouldn't release squat since everything can't escape that pull anyways. Right?
I'd go google it and find out, but i'm lazy atm.
They won't know until it happens but my guess would be the amount of energy that would be released is far beyond anything humanity has observed so far. I would think the material orbiting the two black holes would be jettisoned off into space similar to a supernova but on a ridiculous scale.
Gorgeouus, astounding, hypnotic. Pushing again button :)
Yin and Yang
Quite the opposite
More like yang and yang.
Big and bang
Amazing simulation NASA. Its exactly as I would expect. So beautifull.
I only wonder. How come both black holes are rotating the same direction? Arent they working against eachother this way?
So this shows 3 orbits that are 40 orbits shy of these two merging together, and it took 46 days to simulate this. (Read video description, very interesting)
How do these black holes spin? Is it you making them spin ? Does the space time have some kind of elasticity?
Great sim. Is space-time curvature considered during dynamics simulation or dynamics of accretion flow and light bending in space-time curvature are being modelled as separate processes and are later combined during rendering? Would really appreciate an answer, thanx in advance.
Thank you for your interest! The spacetime curvature is considered in both the dynamics simulation and in the light bending and radiation transfer calculation. The same spacetime curvature is used for both calculations, even though the light-related calculation is done after the gas dynamics simulation is finished. Future simulations will model the gas and radiation dynamics together in order to include effects from light on the gas's behavior (e.g., radiation pressure). The loss of energy, or cooling, from the emission of light is already included in the gas dynamics simulation.
Is this some kind of dobule Kerr Black Hole? (For the rotating) or does the camera rotates?
I really wonder how these simulations are produced in a supercomputer...what is the STUFf on which the supercomputer wud produce those ecstatic results...?
This would make a really nice screen saver.
Damn. Imagine how much energy that produces.
or how much it took
If you look real closely,you can actually see Sans from Undertale
This data will help categorise gravitational wave detections by looking to find the light predicted by the model. Different light emissions could well give away information about the objects involved.
I think two blackholes merging would be like what happens when you let two Neodymium Magnets shatter together. How all the pieces try to behave and reorder themselves.
great work
c'est trop beau! avec la musique c'est magnifique
oooh, pretty colours!!
Amazing simulation NASA. Its exactly as I would expect. So beautifull.
The hole in the center... might have something to do with it being a Lagrange point.
it's just a region that is not rendered in the simulation, it said it in the beginning
Same thinking , but might be much much extreme than Lagrange
Blue and magenta mixed looks scarier than I thought.
What numerical codes did you use for this and what is the underlying numerical method (FEM, FDM, etc...)? Is there a write up that goes into the choice of coordinates, boundary values and initial conditions, and the use of BSSN?
462FEM coordinates choise X474,567 Y47889,2455 boundary values 7 initial conditions good BSNN used partially
The simulation of the gas was done using finite-volume (or high-resolution shock-capturing) methods using the "HARM3d" code. The post-processing radiative transfer was performed using the so-called "bothros" code. It is our plan to eventually support a publicly available of them in the future. The papers describing the methods are here: arxiv.org/abs/1806.05697 and arxiv.org/abs/1712.05451
Could something like 2 black holes close to each other make something able to escape the event horizon of one of the black holes?
No they just accelerate towards eachother resulting in a merger that will send ripples through space that we can hopefully measure with LIGO
If black holes came very close, overlapping, the strangest thing is that matter will fall into *both* singularities at the same time.
The two supermassive ...............circling in the same direction i think to merge the outer ring must be more and more tight /Is with the merging sound ?
Too cool
gotta fit the shape or inputs are lost to a gravitational horizon. Inject signal into week nuclear using parabolic mirrors ...cut the EM noise by cold stripping the electrons. The output streams must be shaped to feel electron in output; cannot be shaped for EM streaming or information is lost.
More interesting initial conditions would have accretion disks which are not coplanar to the plane of the orbits of the black holes.
This is just a simulation of what it looks like to look through 2 black holes.
You can't see whats behind the first black hole but you can see what's behind the 2nd one.
Спасибо классно.
Can I use your computer to simulate if I will get rejected by my crush?
I have a potato powered 8086 processor that can compute that...
It reads this: You will never know unless you try...?
Thanks
Well I would assume the area in the middle wouldn't make a black hole as big as the other 2. This looks very trippy lol
wonder whether this is how nuclei of the male and female gametes are joined at fertilization; weird but seems synonymous.
This is how black holes are visualised in 3d
Can it be possible that the hole in the center is a distortion/fissure/ breach in the space-time that occurs because of the intense gravity happening from 2 different sides (the two black holes)? (sorry if it sounds stupid, but my science [not studying science but still want to inform myself about it} is not the best)
what software is this using?
a custom one I think (a program that output a set of data)
That's allot of cancer there..
what you mean?
Not as much as your typical CZcams comment section ;D
@@MouseGoat incredible amounts of radiation
@@dylanh333 Oh snap!
What does that mean
Magneto hydrodynamics is incredibly complicated to implement.
So how stable are their orbitals in this sim?
Had to watch it again after reading to just watch the couple dance
What we can see with our eyes is the energy produced by the interaction of matter and gravity
AMAZING
My favorite king of the hill episode
Balanced... as all things should be.
ツインブラックホールは実際にありえるのでしょうか？一時的には連星になれたとしてもバランスは崩れどちらかに吸われるのでは？
I've done it...
I've found the source for melodysheeps black hole merger video...
OMG it looks exactly like the Chinese Taichi!!!
How is this different than 2 galaxies merging ? Knowing that they have a supermassive black hole at their center
Merging of two galaxies happens over a period much, much longer than the final stages of SMBs merging. Besides, this simulation only shows two SMBs orbiting each other and how spacetime and matter behave in its vicinity.
There's a cool animation showing two stellar black holes merging: czcams.com/video/1agm33iEAuo/video.html
Check the time in that video, it simulates the last second.
The x-ray fits perfect for my pc wallpaper
So now what I'd call the wye in the hurricane effect is now a black hole.
クオリティ高い！
Muse anyone? I feel like they missed a chance by not putting that as background music
you ever do a paper back novel, the hypothetical SF ? good day me lord!
Now that’s what ya call “Interstellar”
Neat.
do you think Blue Waters is good for counter strike ?
I did a fluke stud and a mix of it back in Portland Oregon it doesn't work that way
Computer animated screensaver, NASA and their best scientists are at work
So you're the one who believes that NASA is fake and the world is flat with no Australia?
....yeah, It's a good thing this simulation revealed these black holes. It's almost like if the simulation hadn't occurred, those black holes would never have been discovered. Oh wait.
Its a computer simulation you dunce. They aren't discovering new black holes they are trying to simulate how they would interact with each other.
Incredible! If only the center was also stimulated...
очень круто!
That's awesome
I don't understand anything though
Or better yet... Black Hole Friends Forever #BHFF
dont ask me why, but that doesn't sound right to me at all
@@TileBitan gotcha
But we have seen a black hole merger with gravity. It's the same in a sense as having seen it with X-ray or uv which we don't technically see any more than gravity...
Wow is that the new beyblade anime?? Awesome!
...Ness...
.....Ness...
У меня в Media Player 8 была такая заставка.
Thats crazy! (Not being mean or trying to dislike. Im saying that this is cool).
LOL! Hurricane is Little bit Kinda Black Hole in our Earth ! But Hurricane Itself Typing the Comments here LOL 😂🤣
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory LOVERXGeniusHCB stop please
hahahaha Okay Hurricane But Don't Destroy the Humanity 😂🤣😂🤣😂🤣
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory LOVERXGeniusHCB im not a hurricane im a b-
Beryl?
Nice! My intuition tells me I'm looking at two light particles forming a graviton prior to graviton pairing that later meld together into packets given high qravitational sqeeze temperatures and explode with a galactic bang out of a bootes type void, the quarks opaque...then the protons and lepton byproducts of stars to produce such magnificent models. Yes, very nice! And the first clock!
that doesn't even make any sense
This must be an SF drivel. Graviton? Its existence is predicted by one model, and I've yet to see the news of its discovery.
+bayu djeruknipis lowest energy light particle known; gravitational pairing of two, one negative charge, one positive charge equals a graviton. They are made in a hypothetical galactic oven, current theory unfamiliar, but, there will be presentations light field theory following in Hawkings footsteps later.
@@michaelmcmurray9252 You're either living somewhere not earth (different physic understanding with some thing similarly termed) or you're a lunatic. Because you refuse that this is an SF drivel or a legit scientific discovery by not pointing sources. I give up.
Speak for yourselves!
amazing
Me.ja me te lahet
Aren't they suppose to release gamma rays since they're too energetic?
Nice computer graphics. Thanks. I love good graphics. :)
btw
Dear NASA focus on human space exploration instead of computer graphics. Thank you.
Two point. One, this video is for more far reaching subject than exploration. Made so that it can help astronomer observe the real thing, thus help them test relevant theories.
Two, there's no body/agency that can afford to waste enormous resources and astronauts' life. Therefore, for exploration missions (that you wish to happen more), there would be more simulations and testing preceding them. Which translate to (gasp!) more computer graphics.
Why isn't the spot in the middle simulated?
There are still dynamics occurring between the two black holes that could not be modeled.
Thanks for the answer Nasa! I guess you have streams of very hot and very fast gas colliding head-on, plus all the relativistic effects?
Given that computers have a finite amount of computational power some things are just too complex to simulate (or would take so long to simulate that its impractical)
They said it could not be modeled meaning the problem is at the theoretical level, not a computer limitation
@@saturn724 from what they said either of those could be the case, you're just assuming your answer is correct.
Wouldn't one side of a black hole always be brighter due to the doppler effect?
The universe is so damn cool
Why is the point where the accretion disks meet not in the simulation? Is there something going on there that exceeds the model's predictions, or exceeds the computer's abilities?
"There are still dynamics occurring between the two black holes that could not be modeled."
NASA
iambiggus it just spikes my curiousity... Are those lagrangian points??
No, but that's a perfectly reasonable assumption. Lagrange points are stable due to the balance of centripetal force vs gravity. Orbiting black holes under constant and changing acceleration don't have that. The common center of gravity that both black holes share is where the physics gets sketchy, at least for this simulation (EDIT: And for that matter, reality!).
It's all about weak force computing! Ouch.
Why would the center not be simulated?
It's probably too computationally demanding for the project's budget.
Or maybe we don't know what physics are happening in that region.
I personally doubt that, but that's certainly a possibility.
There are still dynamics occurring between the two black holes that could not be modeled.
Couldn't be modeled due to lack of understanding, or lack of sufficient processing power?
Wow
OLd news they call it yin and yang!
So if i wasbthere with rhe whole x ray light could i see my own bones
jeez
awesome......
Far out man ✌️🤤
I can't wait until we get a legit picture, tired of waiting lol
Hormones are evolving quickly
What’s the gas made of?
I'm guessing primarily hydrogen and helium