At a time when phone cameras are capable of taking snapshots with millions of pixels, an instrument on the Japan-led XRISM (X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission) captures revolutionary science with just 36 of them.
That may sound impossible, but it’s true.
XRISM (pronounced “crism”) is led by JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) in collaboration with NASA, along with contributions from ESA (European Space Agency). It launched into orbit last September and has been scrutinizing the cosmos ever since. The mission detects “soft” X-rays, which have energies up to 5,000 times greater than visible light. It will probe the universe’s hottest regions, largest structures, and objects with the strongest gravity, like supermassive black holes in the cores of distant galaxies.
XRISM accomplishes this with an instrument named Resolve. Resolve's detector takes the temperature of each X-ray that strikes it. Astronomers call Resolve a microcalorimeter spectrometer because each of its 36 pixels measures the tiny amount of heat delivered by each incoming X-ray. This lets astronomers see the chemical fingerprints of elements making up the sources in unprecedented detail.
In order to accomplish this, the entire detector must be chilled to 459.58 degrees below zero Fahrenheit (minus 273.1 degrees Celsius), just a whisker above absolute zero.
The instrument is so precise it can detect the motions of elements within a target, effectively providing a 3D view. Gas moving toward us glows at slightly higher energies than normal, while gas moving away from us emits slightly lower energies. This will, for example, allow scientists to better understand the flow of hot gas within clusters of galaxies and to track the movement of different elements in the debris of supernova explosions.
Resolve is taking astronomers into a new era of cosmic exploration - and with only three-dozen pixels.
Music credit: "Wading Through" and “Stop and Hide” from Universal Production Music
Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
Producer: Scott Wiessinger (KBR Wyle Services, LLC)
Science writer: Francis Reddy (University of Maryland College Park)
Animator:Adriana Manrique Gutierrez (KBR Wyle Services, LLC)
Animator: Scott Wiessinger (KBR Wyle Services, LLC)
Writer: Scott Wiessinger (KBR Wyle Services, LLC)
Narrator: Sophia Roberts (Advocates in Manpower Management, Inc.)
This video can be freely shared and downloaded at svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14463. While the video in its entirety can be shared without permission, the music and some individual imagery may have been obtained through permission and may not be excised or remixed in other products. Specific details on such imagery may be found here: svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14463. For more information on NASA’s media guidelines, visit nasa.gov/multimedia/guidelines.
If you liked this video, subscribe to the NASA Goddard CZcams channel: czcams.com/users/NASAGoddard
Follow NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
· Instagram nasagoddard
· Twitter NASAGoddard
· Facebook: NASAGoddard
· Flickr www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc