The kissing circles theorem - challenging problem from Indonesia!

Sdílet
Vložit
  • čas přidán 11. 07. 2024
  • Thanks to Devan from Lilin Bangsa Intercultural School for suggesting this problem! What is the radius of the small circle in between the blue circle (radius 4) and green circle (radius 2)? This was a challenge problem for students aged 14 to 15.
    Thanks to all patrons! Special thanks to:
    Shrihari Puranik
    Kyle
    Professor X
    This is the only channel to feature math topics suggested by people around the world. Support the channel on Patreon so we can share the beauty of mathematics and make the world a better place:
    / mindyourdecisions
    Websites consulted
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descart...
    www.cut-the-knot.org/pythagor...
    lostmathlessons.blogspot.com/2...
    Subscribe: czcams.com/users/MindYour...
    Playlist to watch all videos on MindYourDecisions: • Uploads from MindYourD...
    If you buy from the links below I may receive a commission for sales. This has no effect on the price for you.
    My Books
    "The Joy of Game Theory" shows how you can use math to out-think your competition. (rated 3.9/5 stars on 35 reviews)
    amzn.to/1uQvA20
    "The Irrationality Illusion: How To Make Smart Decisions And Overcome Bias" is a handbook that explains the many ways we are biased about decision-making and offers techniques to make smart decisions. (rated 4.6/5 stars on 3 reviews)
    amzn.to/1o3FaAg
    "Math Puzzles Volume 1" features classic brain teasers and riddles with complete solutions for problems in counting, geometry, probability, and game theory. Volume 1 is rated 4.4/5 stars on 13 reviews.
    amzn.to/1GhUUSH
    "Math Puzzles Volume 2" is a sequel book with more great problems. (rated 4.5/5 stars on 6 reviews)
    amzn.to/1NKbyCs
    "Math Puzzles Volume 3" is the third in the series. (rated 4/5 stars on 6 reviews)
    amzn.to/1NKbGlp
    "40 Paradoxes in Logic, Probability, and Game Theory" contains thought-provoking and counter-intuitive results. (rated 4.4/5 stars on 13 reviews)
    amzn.to/1LOCI4U
    "The Best Mental Math Tricks" teaches how you can look like a math genius by solving problems in your head (rated 4.8/5 stars on 5 reviews)
    amzn.to/18maAdo
    "Multiply Numbers By Drawing Lines" This book is a reference guide for my video that has over 1 million views on a geometric method to multiply numbers. (rated 4.4/5 stars on 5 reviews)
    amzn.to/XRm7M4
    Connect with me
    My Blog: mindyourdecisions.com/blog/
    Twitter: / preshtalwalkar
    Facebook: / 168446714965
    Google+: plus.google.com/1083366085665...
    Pinterest: / preshtalwalkar
    Tumblr: / preshtalwalkar
    Instagram: / preshtalwalkar
    Patreon: / mindyourdecisions
    Newsletter (sent only for big news, like a new book release): eepurl.com/KvS0r
  • Věda a technologie

Komentáře • 1,3K

  • @broto8
    @broto8 Před rokem +17

    Thanks

  • @gamefacierglitches
    @gamefacierglitches Před 5 lety +602

    My friend: "What's the first thing you think of when you hear 'circles'?"
    Me: "Triangles."
    My friend: "Why triangles?"
    Me: "Triangles make circles less complex."
    My friend: "That doesn't make any sense!"
    ~2 weeks later, after a math contest~
    My friend: "Triangles are the fundamentals of circles."

    • @mehujmehuj2229
      @mehujmehuj2229 Před 5 lety +59

      Triangles are the basics of all geometry, just continue drawing them until you draw the right ones :D

    • @sanjeevgoel8865
      @sanjeevgoel8865 Před 4 lety +6

      😂

    • @pablomalaga4676
      @pablomalaga4676 Před 4 lety +3

      @@mehujmehuj2229 I think also of sailing and navigation

    • @vivekkedia2140
      @vivekkedia2140 Před 4 lety +1

      Thanks to let me know i will try to use it in future

    • @DarthAlphaTheGreat
      @DarthAlphaTheGreat Před 3 lety

      Triangles make everything easier.

  • @kevinstewart2572
    @kevinstewart2572 Před 4 lety +16

    I realize someone may have noted this earlier, but it was fun to see that if you use the quadratic equation that gives the first answer of 12-8√2, the "extraneous" solution of 12+8√2 is the radius of the circle that is externally tangent to the touching circles of radii 4 and 2 and the line on which they rest. A nice "efficient" result.

  • @Guust_Flater
    @Guust_Flater Před 5 lety +203

    Solution made me think of formula for parallel resistor (caculated the replace resistor Rv):
    1/Rv = 1/R1 + 1/R2
    😁

    • @user-us5cw3eq8y
      @user-us5cw3eq8y Před 5 lety +30

      This is a wonderful idea to use the geometry of circles to analyze electrical circuits🤔

    • @chaos.corner
      @chaos.corner Před 4 lety +12

      @@user-us5cw3eq8y You actually kinda do with some advanced analysis. You can treat an AC current as the real part of the complex function I=Ae^iwt

    • @betailleuh
      @betailleuh Před 4 lety +2

      I thought about it too

    • @arielfuxman8868
      @arielfuxman8868 Před 4 lety +3

      Made me think of optical lenses.

    • @Walczyk
      @Walczyk Před 3 lety +1

      @@user-us5cw3eq8y except not because the equation uses square root radii which is not obviously geometrizable. It appears that it would involve inversion of some kind, points to lines and lines to points.

  • @rivsol
    @rivsol Před 4 lety +1

    This is the first time i've answered one of this channel's math problems on my own *AND IT FREAKIN TOOK ME 3 HOURS*

  • @TitoTheThird
    @TitoTheThird Před 4 lety +36

    The equation 1/a + 1/b = 1/c is the "optic equation" (see Wikipedia) hence is connected to the heptagon and the "heptagonal triangle".

  • @JesusAlbertoPinto
    @JesusAlbertoPinto Před 5 lety +398

    I solved it using vectors:
    Naming C1 the center of the big circle, C2 the center of the medium one and C3 is the center of the small one. The first two coordinares can be placed. Then the vector C1C2 can be fully known and also the unit vector in that direction (ê1)
    Then, this vector C1C2 (lenght=6) can be expressed as this sum:
    6 ê1 = (4+r) ê2 + (2+r) ê3 (#1)
    Where:
    ê1 is the unit vector from C1 to C2
    ê2 is the unit vector from C1 to C3
    ê3 is the unit vector from C3 to C2
    Of course, we don’t know vectors ê2 and ê3 but we know that
    r+(r+4)sin(q)=4 (vertical distance from ground to C1)
    r+(r+2)sin(p)=2 (vertical distance from ground to C2)
    p is the angle that ê3 forms with an horizontal line and q is the angle that ê2 forms with the same horizontal.
    Solving for sin(q) and sin(p) can also give us cos(q) and cos(p): these values are:
    sin(p)=(2-r)/(2+r)
    cos(p)=2√(2r)/(2+r)
    sin(q)=(4-r)/(4+r)
    cos(q)=4√r/(4+r)
    Decomposing the ecuation (#1) gives you 0=0 in the vertical axis and for the horizontal:
    4√2=4√r+2√(2r)
    Which results in r=12-8√2≈0,6863...
    Kudos to you if you read this!

  • @krishnakalita3634
    @krishnakalita3634 Před 4 lety

    No doubt that this is the best CZcams channel ever, very very thank you sir for making such a great work. please go ahead like this

  • @Raxer_th
    @Raxer_th Před 5 lety +733

    For students at age 14 and 15. Even I'm 20 I can't solve this. 😭

    • @ashutoshkaushik7375
      @ashutoshkaushik7375 Před 5 lety +16

      It is an average question for a high school student in india at least bcz these type of question comes a lot in exams

    • @unyielding37
      @unyielding37 Před 5 lety +7

      yeah, what the hell?

    • @AMa-us8de
      @AMa-us8de Před 5 lety +15

      "For students at age 14 or 15"
      So we are the 20 ones dont count haha

    • @justabeardedguythatisahero9848
      @justabeardedguythatisahero9848 Před 5 lety +15

      you need some geometry classes , there are alot of information which you missed , or maybe your educational system focuses on a collage degree preps

    • @marcoantonioloureiro5883
      @marcoantonioloureiro5883 Před 5 lety +9

      Im am 14 years old and that's the problem that i need to know to solve to go to Brazils air Force (the high school)

  • @shouvickjoardar4558
    @shouvickjoardar4558 Před 5 lety +690

    This question came in JEE MAINS this year 😁!

    • @shouvickjoardar4558
      @shouvickjoardar4558 Před 5 lety +34

      All the very best :)

    • @usmanakhtar3992
      @usmanakhtar3992 Před 5 lety +42

      I also saw.
      In jee they solve by equation of tangent to circle.

    • @shouvickjoardar4558
      @shouvickjoardar4558 Před 5 lety +24

      I used basic geometry. Using equation of tangents will make this much more complicated because we will have to use constraints such as that of direct common tangents which i would not definitely study for "mains".

    • @MindYourDecisions
      @MindYourDecisions  Před 4 lety +215

      That's great to hear. For those that don't know, the JEE Main is an important standardized test in India. You have about 2 minutes per problem, so it really helps if you can solve some problems quickly to have time for other problems. If you watched this video you would have solved question 80 of the 2019 JEE Main nearly instantly. I know people request I cover problems from particular tests. But math is universal: the video is from a test in Indonesia, but the same concept appeared on a test in India.

    • @anuragsingh-gj4vn
      @anuragsingh-gj4vn Před 4 lety +39

      @@MindYourDecisions .....you always come with best tricky mathematics questions....I always pause your video first to try solve the problem myself....and it really feel exciting while solving.....thanks for teaching us....

  • @martint1775
    @martint1775 Před 5 lety +406

    Love the videos, hate the comment sections

    • @c31979839
      @c31979839 Před 5 lety +21

      This is pretty typical for a lot of the videos on CZcams.

    • @DD-rl7xo
      @DD-rl7xo Před 5 lety +12

      Then why the hell are you making it even more hateful for others by writing this in comments section.

    • @jimb4677
      @jimb4677 Před 5 lety +6

      It happens when you divide yourself by zero
      (Love/Hate relationship...) :-p

  • @adveshdarvekar7733
    @adveshdarvekar7733 Před 3 lety +1

    You have opened the door to genius and beautiful mathematics!

  • @hdrevolution123
    @hdrevolution123 Před 5 lety

    I cannot express my gratitude for such a wonderful problem and clear proofs.

  • @shivanshtiwari6794
    @shivanshtiwari6794 Před 4 lety +4

    Thanks sir for a new method, I was. Trying to solve this type of problem in a different manner , the method I had learnt is of common tangent, once again thank you

  • @taufiqutomo
    @taufiqutomo Před 4 lety +176

    I usually tell my students "Whenever a circle touches anything, draw a line from the center of the circle to the point of tangency".
    Otherwise they will yell at me, "How the heck are we even supposed to *think* of making those right triangles?"

    • @hassanakhtar7874
      @hassanakhtar7874 Před 4 lety +10

      Good job! Be sure to tell them circles are by definition shapes where every point is equidistant from the center. And in order to prove things or come up with solutions the first thing you should do is apply the basic definitions.

    • @daffadaniirfan5928
      @daffadaniirfan5928 Před 4 lety

      Semangat pak guru!

    • @pandawagurning
      @pandawagurning Před 3 lety

      Yea it used Mostly to solve a problem😂

    • @udayomsrivastava9052
      @udayomsrivastava9052 Před rokem

      That is a really good advice. Would be really helpful for them

  • @JuliusCesar2781
    @JuliusCesar2781 Před 3 lety

    The formula for the solution is brilliant ! I don't expected that this is so easy.

  • @nirmalajagdish8901
    @nirmalajagdish8901 Před 3 lety

    Wonderful wayof proceeding thanks. Dr.JPP

  • @liliacfury
    @liliacfury Před 5 lety +17

    Do you think you could make a video on how to approach challenging problems, to figure them out on your own?

  • @TheMusicalTech
    @TheMusicalTech Před 5 lety +11

    Please can you tell which software you used to edit the video?

  • @IG00Channel
    @IG00Channel Před 2 lety

    I love the way you say Devan's school! XD
    Love from Indonesia. 🇮🇩

  • @sujalarora8947
    @sujalarora8947 Před 3 lety +1

    I'm 15 , n was able to figure it out.
    Generally your problems are more difficult, but this one was quite easy, I did in the same way.
    Well, thanks a lot as you made me learn mathematics in a different and creative way.
    😇😇😇😇😇

  • @stevenvanhulle7242
    @stevenvanhulle7242 Před 4 lety +3

    The equation at 5:13 reminds a number of people of the formula for parallel resistors. Interestingly, the same idea is used to graphically find squared squares.

  • @andrew74127
    @andrew74127 Před 5 lety +3

    I found this to be a nice looking answer:
    a + b - 2√(ab)
    r= ---------------------
    a/b +b/a -2
    a=R1
    b=R2
    But I must admit your solution did have a nice simplicity to it.

  • @paominlienguite2397
    @paominlienguite2397 Před 5 lety +2

    Creative ideas...thanks to you, I Love Mathematics as much as I love my Life.

  • @HavenAWilliams
    @HavenAWilliams Před 4 lety +1

    The graphic design on this was so satisfying that I almost forgot to pay attention to the math

  • @farendrasingh2334
    @farendrasingh2334 Před 5 lety +45

    Thank you sir for your creativity and sharing with students

  • @jackash2424
    @jackash2424 Před 5 lety +222

    I used to be so good at math. But after high school I stoped doing it and forgot lots of stuff. It suck. I wanna relearn everything but don't know where to start or where to go to learn them.

    • @mikesuzio2566
      @mikesuzio2566 Před 5 lety +14

      same here got a 740 math SAT minored in math in college now cant do much other than simple algebra

    • @burner887
      @burner887 Před 5 lety +10

      Take an online course. Any kind. Brilliant is said to hav a great math course, but don't quote me on that.

    • @the_midnight_blues
      @the_midnight_blues Před 5 lety +7

      Buy some used math books then pursue it at your leisure.

    • @angeloli7791
      @angeloli7791 Před 5 lety +5

      Maybe khan academy

    • @nightmare_rex
      @nightmare_rex Před 5 lety +7

      Khan academy if you want remaster everything abour math

  • @rodrigorocha8212
    @rodrigorocha8212 Před 5 lety +1

    I'm a student of mechatronics engineer and I really like these problems. 👏🏾👏

  • @shirosensei3565
    @shirosensei3565 Před 4 lety

    Nice vídeo !! I wonder which program do you use for the animations along the problems

  • @Tehom1
    @Tehom1 Před 5 lety +21

    Thanks for the puzzle, Presh!
    How I solved it:
    First, I'm interested in the line that goes thru both centers, where
    it intersects the external tangent line, and the angle at which it
    intersects it at. Call the point of intersection S.
    I notice that by using similar triangles, I could draw a sequence of
    similar circles inside that angle, all touching each other, all
    touching the line, all centers aligned, and each half the size of the
    previous circle. That's an infinite sequence that approaches point S.
    That gives me the distance from Blue Center to S: 4 + 2 + 1 + 1/2
    ... etc = 8. That's the hypotenuse of a right triangle.
    I also know the height of that right triangle, it's the Blue radius, 4.
    So I have a 30/60/90 triangle, and the hypotenuse is a line of slope
    -1/2.
    Now I'm going to give the circle centers co-ordinates. Let's make the
    x axis the same as the line in the drawing, and put the y axis thru
    the center of the blue circle.
    So immediately we have that Blue center is at (0,4) and the blue and
    green centers are on the line y = 4 - x/2
    Green center is therefore at (4,2).
    The distance from White center to Green center equals the sum of the
    radiii of the white and green circles; ditto White and Blue. So we have
    sqrt((wc_x - bc_x)^2 + (wc_y - bc_y)^2) = sqrt(4^2 + R^2)
    sqrt((wc_x - gc_x)^2 + (wc_y - gc_y)^2) = sqrt(2^2 + R^2)
    Substituting the values we know,
    sqrt((wc_y-4)^2+wc_x^2) = sqrt(R^2+16)
    sqrt((wc_y-2)^2+(wc_x-4)^2) = sqrt(R^2+4)
    We also know that the white circle is tangent to the given line, which
    is our x axis. So its y co-ordinate equals its radius:
    sqrt((wc_y-4)^2+wc_x^2) = sqrt(wc_y^2+16)
    sqrt((wc_y-2)^2+(wc_x-4)^2) = sqrt(wc_y^2+4)
    Squaring both sides and simplifying,
    wc_x^2-8*wc_y = 0
    -4*wc_y+wc_x^2-8*wc_x+16 = 0
    Solving the first for wc_y,
    wc_y = wc_x^2/8
    Substituting into the second,
    wc_x^2/2-8*wc_x+16 = 0
    Solving for wc_x, we get two answers. The second is about 13.7, much
    too large, and seems to correspond to a perverse answer with a huge
    white circle surrounding the other two. We'll focus on the first answer:
    wc_x = 8-2^(5/2)
    wc_x = 2^(5/2)+8
    Substituting to find wc_y,
    wc_y = (8-2^(5/2))^2/8
    [Edit: Originally made a big goof here. Solved for the distance from white center to the origin, which is completely irrelevant. wc_y is already the answer]
    Converting to decimal, R = wc_y = 0.6862915010152378
    I thought I'd see some clever shortcut along the way, but nothing
    obvious presented itself. I expect that Presh has a much more elegant
    solution.

    • @Tehom1
      @Tehom1 Před 5 lety

      The second solution does not correspond to a big white circle around the other two, as I thought, but to a big white circle that's so far to the right that it touches both other circles from above. This would contradict the diagram but satisfy the equations.

    • @zlotyinternet1
      @zlotyinternet1 Před 5 lety

      Who cares

  • @prins007
    @prins007 Před 5 lety +367

    "Did yiu figure that out?"..... Ehhhhh.. NO!!

  • @kumudinifernando6352
    @kumudinifernando6352 Před 5 lety +1

    thanks. you always help to expand our knowledge

  • @callum8147
    @callum8147 Před 4 lety

    I was given the same problem in a high school exam recently except they helped you a bit by making the radius length labels be positioned so that they made the hypotenuse of the first right-angled triangle (bit of a visual clue).

  • @fernandomendez69
    @fernandomendez69 Před 5 lety +6

    And we can thank Descartes again for inventing analytic geometry...
    The easiest way to solve this... by far (and for any radii).

    • @luigidealfaro8831
      @luigidealfaro8831 Před 3 lety

      How?

    • @fernandomendez69
      @fernandomendez69 Před 3 lety +1

      @@luigidealfaro8831 You can write the coordinates of the centers of the circles as (0,R1), (a,r), and (a+b,R2), for the centers of the large, small and medium circles. Then, use the Pythagoras theorem to write:
      a^2+(R1-r)^2=(R1+r)^2
      b^2+(R2-r)^2=(R2+r)^2
      (a+b)^2+(R1-R2)^2=(R1+R2)^2
      solving

    • @luigidealfaro8831
      @luigidealfaro8831 Před 3 lety

      @@fernandomendez69 thx

  • @abdelhakbenkaba1057
    @abdelhakbenkaba1057 Před 5 lety +3

    This equation is important in the formation of concrete when using circular materials, so spaces must be closed to obtain the greatest strength.The remaining spaces are filled by cement and sabale

    • @bag.a.6465
      @bag.a.6465 Před 2 lety +1

      imagine an auto-pilot engineering machine that just analyzes the envinronment and builds random things

  • @oemchhunet-12c20
    @oemchhunet-12c20 Před 3 lety

    love the art of your explaining and animation

  • @thomasraahauge5231
    @thomasraahauge5231 Před 5 lety

    It's half past midnight. I just sat by, baffled, bewildered, and babbling. No inflated ego here. Not even by a long shot.

  • @thewatcherinthecloud
    @thewatcherinthecloud Před 5 lety +6

    I had to think about it for a while, but the top of purple triangle for the general equation is as high as the radius of the large circle, R1. Since you can make a line from the corner of purple triangle, intersect with the center of the second circle, and go all the way down, the line drawn is equal to R1, and if you remove the radius of the second circle, you get R1-R2, which is the height of the purple triangle. Just leaving this here for peeps who might be wondering why the height is R1-R2.

    • @petrahack
      @petrahack Před 5 lety +2

      thewatcherinthecloud shouldn’t it be R1-2*R2?

    • @petrahack
      @petrahack Před 5 lety

      Nope:)

    • @kostya3712
      @kostya3712 Před 5 lety

      For the first i was confuse, but then i can figure it out

    • @vsichnirucenahoru
      @vsichnirucenahoru Před 3 lety

      I think it should be R2+(R1-R2)

  • @jimtwisted1984
    @jimtwisted1984 Před 5 lety +4

    1/r=1/a+1/b reminds me of the resistance formula for parallel electric circuits

  • @f.demascio1857
    @f.demascio1857 Před 5 lety

    Great problem, great solution.
    Thanks for the video.

  • @khosmo7097
    @khosmo7097 Před 5 lety

    Cool! I had the idea in my head but couldn't quite rationalize an appropriate solution. Thanks for refreshing my mind!

    • @treyquattro
      @treyquattro Před 3 lety

      you mean ... re- _Presh_ -ing your mind?!?

  • @mogu-mogu2335
    @mogu-mogu2335 Před 4 lety +3

    This is in our FIITJEE package....in chapter circle
    Came in ntse stage 2

  • @vjekokolic9057
    @vjekokolic9057 Před 3 lety +7

    Presh: "We can solve for big R2"
    Me: What about D2?

    • @michaelsorensen7567
      @michaelsorensen7567 Před 3 lety +1

      Diameter is twice the radius, so if you know R2 you also know D2 😝

  • @leorabalcombe3881
    @leorabalcombe3881 Před 4 lety

    I have this question as a homework assignment, thanks so much for the help!

  • @shreyartz1697
    @shreyartz1697 Před 4 lety +1

    I opt biology but I love to solve such problems. I love your channel. ❤❤

  • @treyquattro
    @treyquattro Před 3 lety +4

    Presh, could you please explain that last rationalization step at 3:20 that results in 12 - 8√2. How to get from 16 / (12 + 8√2) to 12 - 8√2? Thanks!

    • @hbushnell
      @hbushnell Před 7 měsíci

      By multiplying the result, 4/(3+2sqrt(2)), by (3-2sqrt(2))/(3-2sqrt(2)), the denominator simplifies to 9-8=1, creating a much simpler solution!

  • @ramonchan9732
    @ramonchan9732 Před 5 lety +3

    I used sine law and compound angle formula:
    (4+r) / sin(θ₁ + θ₂) = (2+r) / sin(θ₃ - θ₁)
    where:
    sinθ₁ = 1/3
    cosθ₁ = √8/3
    sinθ₂ = (2-r) / (2+r)
    cosθ₂ = √(8r) / (2+r)
    sinθ₃ = (4-r) / (4+r)
    cosθ₃ = 4√r / (4+r)

    • @ramonchan9732
      @ramonchan9732 Před 5 lety

      @@SuperNovaBass73 Yeah, expanding the compound sine, you will see there is only r left in the equation:
      (4+r) / sin(θ₁ + θ₂) = (2+r) / sin(θ₃ - θ₁)
      (4+r) / (sinθ₁cosθ₂ + cosθ₁sinθ₂) = (2+r) / (sinθ₃cosθ₁ - cosθ₃sinθ₁)
      (4+r) / ((1/3)√(8r) / (2+r) + (√8/3)(2-r) / (2+r)) = (2+r) / (((4-r) / (4+r))(√8/3) - (4√r / (4+r))(1/3))
      r = 12 - 8√2

  • @kmrao06
    @kmrao06 Před 5 lety

    Very elegant solution!. The general solution is also insightful.

  • @adityarajtiwari5751
    @adityarajtiwari5751 Před 5 lety

    Really nice one sir, your videos are always good for those who really want to learn

  • @wanyinleung912
    @wanyinleung912 Před 5 lety +6

    I like how he says keep watching the video for "a" solution

  • @rpa92py15
    @rpa92py15 Před 5 lety +3

    Me gustó la generalización del problema

  • @dhawyfp
    @dhawyfp Před 5 lety

    I am amaze the approach for solving this problem

  • @artsmith103
    @artsmith103 Před 5 lety

    For 14 year olds!? Amazing. I think this was one of the hardest doable puzzles I've seen Pesh do.

  • @heliocentric1756
    @heliocentric1756 Před 5 lety +3

    (*A Simplified version of your method*)
    Using Pythagorean theorem you can show that the "length" of the common tangent segment between two externally tangent circles of radii a & b is 2sqrt(ab).
    Now looking at the common tangent line:
    2sqrt(R1.r)+2sqrt(R2.r)=2sqrt(R1.R2),
    By dividing by 2sqrt(R1.R2.r), this can easily be simplified to the formula you got at the end of the video.

    • @user-us5cw3eq8y
      @user-us5cw3eq8y Před 5 lety

      That's in my mind, the simplest solution! Only Pythagorean theorem!

  • @jlsmatejuanluisramirez
    @jlsmatejuanluisramirez Před 5 lety +3

    I work out this problem with my students in Mexico

  • @forestpepper3621
    @forestpepper3621 Před 5 lety +1

    This arrangement of circles has a beautiful application, in Number Theory, to "Ford Circles", which are closely related to "Farey Sequences". If you start with two touching circles, of equal size, tangent to a line, you can construct all possible fractions by inserting smaller circles tangent to previous circles and the line. Farey Sequences give you all fractions, automatically in reduced form, without any factoring, listing the fractions with the same ordering as the Ford Circles. An elegant bit of Mathematics!

  • @andrewcorrie8936
    @andrewcorrie8936 Před 5 lety

    Descartes' Theorem ("Kissing Circles"): Label circles 1, 2 and 3 where 1 is largest and 3 smallest. Let k(n) = 1/r(n) where r = radius.
    Then we have k(3) = k(1) + k(2) + 2.sqrt[(k(1).k(2)] = 1/2 + 1/4 +/- 2(sqrt(1/8)). The +/- alternatives give the radii of either a smaller or larger circle mutually tangent to circles (1) and (2); if you picture a larger circle to the right of the diagram which touches both circle 1 and 2, it has radius 23.31 (4sf)
    Enjoyed the proof a lot.

  • @vunguyenkhanh9615
    @vunguyenkhanh9615 Před 5 lety +104

    Kissing circles theorem

    • @aryanvnn
      @aryanvnn Před 5 lety +17

      Looks like a threesome.

    • @blizzbee
      @blizzbee Před 5 lety +17

      Threesome circles theorem, then.

    • @pi17
      @pi17 Před 4 lety +2

      Is it internationally recognised?

    • @mrminer071166
      @mrminer071166 Před 3 lety +2

      "Four circles to the kissing come...." except one was flat, had an infinite circumference.

  • @uttkarshk7916
    @uttkarshk7916 Před 5 lety +9

    Well, bro, I got this in my test and surprisingly i cracked it :)

  • @jaimecarter3988
    @jaimecarter3988 Před 3 lety

    eyy I think this is the first video where I actually got the right answer in almost the exact same way as the video! the only thing i did differently was i calculated the actual length of the last leg between the 2 larger circles (4*sqrt(2)), set that value equal to the sum of the 2 other triangle legs with the variable, and turned it into a quadratic. just had to give myself a quick refresher on factoring polynomials and then i was all set!

  • @usama57926
    @usama57926 Před 5 lety +2

    thank u sir for these amazing videos...

  • @shreyansjain4842
    @shreyansjain4842 Před 4 lety +4

    Mind your decision:
    Challenging problem from indonesia
    Jee aspirants:Hold my beer

  • @carlanderson08
    @carlanderson08 Před 5 lety +11

    at 4:50: i don´t understand how to get to the term on the bottom right?

    • @swingardium706
      @swingardium706 Před 5 lety +3

      It took me a while but I got there (I think, there may be some errors but since I got the right answer I'm fairly sure I did everything correctly). I started by writing out the Pythagorean Theorem for the purple triangle. From there, it's a lot of expanding brackets and substituting in for the values of (x1)^2=4*r*R1 and (x2)^2=4*r*R2, but you eventually get to the equation: R1*r + R2*r + 2*r*√(R1*R2) = R1*R2. Dividing this equation through by R1*R2*r gives an equation which is of the form 'a^2 + 2*a*b + b^2 = c^2' (though this is not immediately obvious). Simplifying from there gives the desired equation.

    • @walexandre9452
      @walexandre9452 Před 5 lety +6

      From the first equation: x1+x2=2√R1√R2
      From the second:
      x1=2√R1√r
      From the third:
      x2=2√R2√r
      Putting x1 and x2 into the first one, and factoring √r:
      √r(√R1+√R2) = √R1√R2. Then:
      √r = √R1√R2/(√R1+√R2)
      Inverse:
      1/√r = √R2/(√R1√R2)+√R1/(√R1√R2)
      So: 1/√r = 1/√R1+1/√R2

    • @vijayasekhar2022
      @vijayasekhar2022 Před 5 lety

      W Alexandre stop nonscense

    • @walexandre9452
      @walexandre9452 Před 5 lety +2

      @@vijayasekhar2022 ????

    • @fuseteam
      @fuseteam Před 5 lety

      hmm
      (1) (R1+R2)²-(R1-R2)²=(x1+x2)²
      (2) (R1+r)²-(R1-r)²=x1²
      (3) (R2+r)²-(R2-r)²=x2²
      We need 1/√r=1/√R1+1/√R2
      if we expand the right term of (1) we get
      (R1+R2)²-(R1-R2)²=x1²+2*x1*x2+x2²
      now we can substitude (2) and (3) for x1² and x2² so we get
      (R1+R2)²-(R1-R2)²=(R1+r)²-(R1-r)²+2√(((R1+r)²-(R1-r)²)((R2+r)²-(R2-r)²))+(R2+r)²-(R2-r)²
      If a=R1+r, b=R1-r and c=R2+r then b+c=R1+R2, b+c-a=R2-r and a-c=R1-R2 thus
      (b+c)²-(a-c)²=a²-b²+2√((a²-b²)(c²-d²))+c²-(b+c-a)²
      b²+2bc+c²-a²+2ac-c²=a²-b²+2√((a²-b²)(c²-(b+c-a)²))+c²-(b+c-a)²
      -2(a²-b²)+2ac+2bc-1(c²-(b+c-a)²)=2√((a²-b²)(c²-(b+c-a)²))
      ......... i miss my compose key now and I may have overcomplicated it .-.
      hmm from (R₁+r)²-(R₁-r)²=x₁²
      we can get R₁²+2R₁r+r²-(R₁²-2R₁r+r²)=x₁²
      R₁²+2R₁r+r² - R₁²+2R₁r-r²=x₁²
      x₁²=4R₁r
      x₁=2√R₁r
      i really did overcomplicate it o.O
      considering we can just substitude R₂ for R₁ to get (R₂+r)²-(R₂-r)²=x₂²
      we can conclude that x₂=2√R₁r
      thus (R₁+R₂)²-(R₁-R₂)²=(2√R₁r+2√R₂r)²
      R₁²+2R₁R₂+R₂²-(R₁²-2R₁R₂+R₂²)=4R₁r+4R₁R₂r²+4R₂r
      2R₁R₂+2R₁R₂=4R₁r+4R₁R₂r²+4R₂r
      4R₁r+4R₁R₂r²+4R₂r=4R₁R₂
      R₁R₂r²+R₁r+R₂r=R₁R₂
      R₁R₂r²+R₁r+R₂r-R₁R₂=0
      R₁R₂r²+(R₁+R₂)r-R₁R₂=0
      r=(-(R₁+R₂)±√((R₁+R₂)²-4R₁R₂R₁R₂))/2R₁R₂
      r=(-(R₁+R₂)±√(R₁²+2R₁R₂+R₂²-4R₁²R₂²))/2R₁R₂
      uhhh hmmmm

  • @patricepouget1252
    @patricepouget1252 Před 4 lety +1

    Thank you Presh for your great videos. Math can be fun!
    It seems to me that this problem would be prettier if the result were an integer.
    For instance, with 225 and 100 for the radii of the two big circles
    you would obtain exactly 36 for the radius of the small one.

    • @gamingpuzzled7532
      @gamingpuzzled7532 Před 2 lety +1

      ur wrong because this question assumes that the 2nd largest circle is half the radius of the largest.

  • @andiailmann1983
    @andiailmann1983 Před 5 lety

    I get this problem from a math competition not too long ago, i too am from indonesia, i cant solve it. Thank you, now i know the answer, been searching since!

  • @kaziemarieong9953
    @kaziemarieong9953 Před 5 lety +90

    Honestly I’d just draw the circles with the right measurements and just use a ruler to measure the radius of the smaller one 😂 we had a similar problem like this once and I got it right by drawing them and guessing the measurement, no rulers were allowed. It was fun 😂😂

    • @Hiyaza2
      @Hiyaza2 Před 5 lety +31

      Until the exam paper hits you with that "not to scale"

    • @kaziemarieong9953
      @kaziemarieong9953 Před 5 lety +1

      Petras Danys HAHAHA then I’m dead 😂 don’t worry, I always get the highest score

    • @robbierotten2215
      @robbierotten2215 Před 5 lety +5

      @@Hiyaza2 or, the radius of R1 is x and the radius of R2 is y, what is r in term of x and y.

    • @leif1075
      @leif1075 Před 4 lety +1

      The last triangle he draws is not justified..how do you know there's a line that goes through the smaller circle that will continue to,be the same line when it passes into the larger circle? You don't ...not enough evidence..

    • @robbierotten2215
      @robbierotten2215 Před 4 lety +1

      @@leif1075 Well, I also have noticed not these are not always rigorous proofs.

  • @savitajha6375
    @savitajha6375 Před 5 lety +3

    This question was in my book and my teacher solved it.. The question was to prove the equation u gave for sooving..

    • @sarvesh_soni
      @sarvesh_soni Před 3 lety

      same this was teached to me at my coaching in 10th class

  • @shubhamtiwari8119
    @shubhamtiwari8119 Před 5 lety

    this question has been asked in so many competitive exam in india..2 or 3 years ago.. right now I'm obsessed

  • @arthurg.machado6803
    @arthurg.machado6803 Před 5 lety +1

    Got this one, did it in a similar way.
    I have to admit that i thought it was going to be easy but took me some good 15 min to solve

  • @kachunwong8184
    @kachunwong8184 Před 4 lety +67

    I draw these 3 circles in autocad and find the radius as 0.6863

  • @prateekpal9426
    @prateekpal9426 Před 5 lety +4

    We can do this more simple by using tangent at the base....
    2√R1*R2=2√R1*r + 2√R2*r
    We get the same result

    • @brotherzaq
      @brotherzaq Před 5 lety

      Is this using some sort of tangent theorem, pl explain a little,
      thanks
      Andrew

  • @MikeBTek
    @MikeBTek Před 3 lety

    Fascinating problem. I got the correct answer. That equation at the end is sheer beauty. Note that if R1 = R2 then the smaller circle will have radius r equal to one fourth R1.

  • @doiknowyou2334
    @doiknowyou2334 Před 3 lety

    Thankyou for inspiring us with your maths

  • @kimkim-mh5wb
    @kimkim-mh5wb Před 5 lety +91

    nice formula at the end

    • @mauriciomon600
      @mauriciomon600 Před 5 lety +3

      Why is it so similar to the formula of the projected image of an object in convex/concave mirror?

    • @Shivam-kz2dg
      @Shivam-kz2dg Před 5 lety +5

      @@mauriciomon600 it is also similar to the formula of resistors connected in parallel or capacitor connected in series

    • @rantlord8373
      @rantlord8373 Před 5 lety +1

      @@Shivam-kz2dg Effective radius of two bubbles, resistance, spring constant of 2 springs in series and list goes on.

    • @Shivam-kz2dg
      @Shivam-kz2dg Před 5 lety +1

      @@rantlord8373 self inductance, coefficient of thermal conductivity etc etc etc.
      Edit:- making the list will be fun

  • @MrProy33
    @MrProy33 Před rokem

    Again, super easy. I took a measuring tape and checked the little one against the other two. Only needed to do a little math in my head.

  • @argonwheatbelly637
    @argonwheatbelly637 Před 5 lety +1

    The reciprocal of the radius of small circle is the sum of the reciprocals of the two larger circles' radii. Reminds me of resistance in parallel.

  • @TheGrinningSkull
    @TheGrinningSkull Před 5 lety +11

    Just when I solved it, you one up me with the general solution. Ahhhhhh.

  • @kapil_ag__
    @kapil_ag__ Před 5 lety +27

    JEE Mains 2019 ka question h

  • @keshavxb3903
    @keshavxb3903 Před 3 lety

    Hello there, I am 14 and I completed it half (you taught me the other one) thank you!

  • @isolayou
    @isolayou Před 5 lety

    S in India, we hav these types of maths problems in our 8th 9th nd 10th standards... But i had forgotten... thx presh for making me remember those gud old days..!

  • @aakashvashistha5942
    @aakashvashistha5942 Před 4 lety +4

    This question came in ssc cgl 2017

  • @gedlangosz1127
    @gedlangosz1127 Před 5 lety +7

    I liked deriving the general solution. It ended with a very elegant expression. Coincidently, this has a direct relationship to Farey Sequence & Ford Circles. It's worth looking these up.

  • @physicsnumericals5818
    @physicsnumericals5818 Před 5 lety

    All your videos are awesome

  • @fawadmirza.
    @fawadmirza. Před 5 lety

    This model question was recently asked in jee main 2019 January. Radius were given a,b and c and we have to find relation between a,b and c.

  • @Samuel-kc1pg
    @Samuel-kc1pg Před 5 lety +9

    I had to put the purple triangle up side down to understand why its hight is R1-R2 😅

    • @ajdajd
      @ajdajd Před 4 lety

      Thank you! I was staring for quite a while and couldn't see it!

    • @21nod
      @21nod Před 4 lety

      Or you can see that it is R2

  • @jo_nm9484
    @jo_nm9484 Před 4 lety +77

    Nobody:
    Random dude with a huge ego: *_lOl tHaT waAs EeeEEEeZY 😂😂😂_*

  • @xuananle2466
    @xuananle2466 Před 5 lety

    Thanks ! Couldn’t think of this method

  • @potterteksmith7548
    @potterteksmith7548 Před 4 lety

    This solution reminds me of the method for calculating the equivalent value of 2 resistors in parallel
    IE sqrt(r)=(sqrt(R1)*sqrt(R2))/((sqrt(R1)+(sqrt(R2))
    so r=((sqrt(R1)*sqrt(R2))/((sqrt(R1)+(sqrt(R2))) squared
    and it works :)
    great channel btw

  • @kancumaniseng
    @kancumaniseng Před 4 lety +4

    I am a simple Indonesian. I see "Indonesia" in title, I upvote..

    • @Gruntled2001
      @Gruntled2001 Před 4 lety +2

      I am a simple Russian. I see "Indonesia" in title, I upvote, too ;)

  • @shreyashdeogade8869
    @shreyashdeogade8869 Před 5 lety +16

    There's a direct formula for this.
    (1/√c) = (1√a) + (1/√b)
    Where, c = radius of the smallest circle
    a and b are the radii of the bigger circles.

  • @rameshph7096
    @rameshph7096 Před 5 lety

    Hi
    In case:2 for formulae, how did you arrive the side of purple triangle ( R1-R2). Does it works?

  • @sambanasisters4715
    @sambanasisters4715 Před 5 lety

    Thank you for this easy explanation sir..

  • @niku1193
    @niku1193 Před 5 lety +9

    I think you haven't seen the questions of an Indian extrance exam CAT 😂

  • @eleethtahgra7182
    @eleethtahgra7182 Před 5 lety +3

    This is...a multiple choice problem. Usually within 60 questions that has to be solved in 60 minutes. This question either appeared on high school graduation test or university enterance test....

  • @glory6998
    @glory6998 Před 5 lety +2

    Love all these problems.....💓💓🤓

  • @defytyrantsofmississippi2198

    At time 2:24 in the video how do you get the 2 times the square root of 2 times the square root of r from that Pythagorean theorem above? I’m confused? Thanks

  • @mychannel-cm1ce
    @mychannel-cm1ce Před 5 lety +4

    I used Pamela's law where both circles intercepted each other

  • @plaustrarius
    @plaustrarius Před 5 lety +32

    Descartes Theorem for tangent circles!
    a line is a circle of infinite radius!

    • @parasiticangel8330
      @parasiticangel8330 Před 5 lety +2

      you could just say the curvature is 0.

    • @plaustrarius
      @plaustrarius Před 5 lety +3

      @@parasiticangel8330 yes, those are equivalent statements.
      curvature zero sort of loses the essence of it being a circle, at least to me.
      and the theorem is about tangent circles, that's why I phrased it as such.

    • @NotYourAverageNothing
      @NotYourAverageNothing Před 5 lety +1

      how does that help?

    • @coleozaeta6344
      @coleozaeta6344 Před 5 lety

      Pretty good for a squidbillie. I don’t think I’ve thought of lines like that before

    • @plutarchheavensbee3483
      @plutarchheavensbee3483 Před 5 lety +3

      Dont tell this theory to flat earthers. I think their heads would explode if they realized a flat line and an infinite circle have the same curvature.

  • @Uni-Coder
    @Uni-Coder Před 5 lety

    Important intermediate result. When two circles are tangent to each other and some line is tangent to both circles, then the distance between the projections of centers of these circles onto this line is 2*sqrt(r1*r2), where r1 and r2 are radii of the circles.
    I found this result first, and only after that solved the given problem.

  • @pencintailmu7102
    @pencintailmu7102 Před 5 lety

    hello presh..May i ask?Have you ever took part in International mathematics olympiad?