Where is all the antimatter? | Unsolved Mystery in Physics
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- čas přidán 25. 02. 2020
- Anti-matter and matter were both made at the same time in the Big Bang - so why is everything around us now made of matter?
Go to curiositystream.com/drbecky and use promo code "drbecky" to get 31 days free!
Sponsorship from Curiosity stream made this whole trip to CERN possible - funding flights and accommodation for two people - so a big thanks to them. To all my willing interviewees who I peppered with questions - Mark, Tara and April - you guys are the best for giving up your time. Also, a giant THANK YOU to Michaela Livingston-Banks (of Nailing Science fame) who took time away from the desk to follow me around with a camera all week. And a HUGE thank you to Stephanie Hills at CERN for scheduling this whole trip - she was my inbox fairy ❤️
This documentary-style video is new for me and I had loads of fun planning, filming and editing it so I hope you enjoy (sorry about the out of focus shot with April).
Background music is “Surviving the Asteroid Belt” from the CZcams audio library.
Purcell et al. (1997) - positron map of the Milky Way - iopscience.iop.org/article/10...
The LHCb experiment - lhcb-public.web.cern.ch/lhcb-p...
ALPHA experiment - alpha.web.cern.ch/
G-BAR experiment - home.cern/science/experiments...
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My new book 'Space: The 10 Things You Should Know' is out now worldwide (except US & Canada)! You can find it on amazon here: bit.ly/SpaceDrBecky
News on US & Canadian publication coming very soon!
Don't forget to subscribe and click the little bell icon to be notified when I post a new video!
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RAS podcast that I’m co-hosting 😱 🥳- audioboom.com/posts/7508891-i...
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Dr. Becky also presents videos on Sixty Symbols: / sixtysymbols
and Deep Sky Videos: / deepskyvideos
Dr Becky Smethurst is an astrophysicist researching galaxies and supermassive black holes at Christ Church at the University of Oxford.
drbecky.uk.com
rebeccasmethurst.co.uk - Věda a technologie
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This video is a bit different than my usual fare on this channel - less casual chat and more "documentary" style! I feel like everything I've learnt over the past 18 months making content (and everything Editing Becky has learnt) has all come together for this video. I know it's not perfect but I'm really proud of it - so I hope you all like it too 🤗
Edit: Voice was at 100%, music at 15% - I checked levels on headphone and computer speakers and it sounded great. If music was too loud (perhaps a TV) check your audio settings 👍
Edit: I said antimatter has the opposite value for all properties at the beginning - note this doesn’t include the mass 👍
We always love your vids podcast and audio books. It's always a good feeling to listen to you on the go or at home, always genuine and full of passion. . You might not be the greatest astrophysicist or the greatest scientist ever but you're our all time favorite!!! Thanks for all the uploads and hardwork. It's a privilege to be part of the channel and contribute to your success. Best of luck....
Enjoying this one very much, well put together and very informative 👍👏
Excellent video. I now know I have wasted my life when I could have been working in the anti matter factory.
I hope to see you rise into a greater role of science communicator. This video really demonstrates that you could easily be hosting PBS Nova or any of the other great mainstream science shows.
Hi Dr. Becky! Reading your introduction I noticed that you used the word "learnt"? I'm thinking that you really meant to use "learned". Just saying....BTW, that was a very good video....👍👍
British Thermal Unit: The energy needed to make a cup of tea.
I once synthesized Ethylene Glycol from normal matter and got anti freeze.
@@chriskennedy2846 well, this was a nice example of an anti-comment ;-)
(hmmm... from your perspective, mine might be one too... ;-)
scnr ;-)
Assuming a cup to be 236ml (=1 us cup) for a cup of tea and 23°C (standard room temperature) as your starting temperature, you actually need ~70 BTU to heat that volume of water to 100°C , just in case someone was curious
Hilarious
@@horrorhotel1999 Thanks, saved me having to do it.👀
I’m amazed how quickly you went from starting with simple videos in a desk to making such a good mini-documentary, congratulations on such amazing work!
Thanks Alberto 🤗 I learnt a lot about production in 18 months!
@@DrBecky Great documentary, very well produced. And, dare I say it, all the better for your having dropped the dreadful Australian Question Intonation that seems to be creeping into British English.
@@seankayll9017 now I understand "sponsored and approved"
LOL
I haven’t finished watching yet, but I like the style. Good job with the timing on your cuts. Definitely different from your normal “desk side chats”. There’s room for both!
Yes! Room for both indeed 🤗
Hey Becky! Is it possible that some of the quarks are really anti-quarks, but are stable with other quarks? That way, they wouldn't meet their anti-quark, and this could be the solution to the question.
110% agree!
"words are hard" should be on a merch tshirt!
Pobody's nerfect.
@@1nelsondj am I.
I'd purch that merch!
CZcamsrs Evan and Katelyn have those exact shirts in their merch store
Yog-Sothoth yes they are
I asked my mom where has all the antimatter gone, she said they all went to go live on the same farm as my dog.
awe... my dog went to the farm too :(
yep my dog is there too.
joen0411 It shouldn’t happen to a dog.
Problem solved, case closed!
I’m sure your dog is happy, walks every day with Elvis.
As a chemistry person who also loves physics, this is something I must know: Have they managed to create diatomic anti-hydrogen? That is, the molecular form/H2. Have we been able to observe positron bonding? I mean, as far as I'm aware it should behave identically to matter, but I'm so curious.
Don't have enough of it yet to create molecules. Record is something like 1000 atoms of antihydrogen - with that few they just don't really interact with each other.
I love your normal content but this was extra special!!! Thank you Dr. Becky!!!!!!!!
This was a really cool video, thank you! I loved the background ambiance, it was like walking through a museum of the future.
Just going to go ahead and pre-emptively like this
Your excitement at being there is so obvious. I love it!
Wow the trip of a lifetime, so very awesome. Love the format you presented this with very laid back and informative. Can’t wait till your next adventure
That excitement on her face and obvious fact she's loving every second on this. That's why she's perfect to teach rest of us about these subjects.
Incredible in depth and digestable breakdown of anti-matter. Brilliant!
Fabulous video! Great seeing the excitement and enthusiasm, not just yours but everyone that you spoke and met with. Some cool stuff going on there!
I really, really enjoyed this style of video from you. So well put together, very entertaining to watch and a great departure from your normal videos. Love to see some more like this!
At 10:40 - for a brief moment - I thought April was the antimatter version of Becky.
I can see it
Luckily they did not annihilate!
Also fancy seeing you here! Not _too_ surprising I suppose haha :)
@@Bisquick We get around lol. Lifelong physics nerd.
Like MASH’s Nurses Able and Baker?
This was an exceptional production.
Great video Becky! Very interesting (as far as I can keep up). Also compliments for the editing of the video and especially the visual animations, good job!
Great video, and the production was superb! Really impressive all around.
Great video and awesome that Curiosity Stream is on board!
I do have a couple questions, though. For the LHC, is it possible to have multiple streams running concurrently or just 2 for a single experiment? Do they have to make adjustments for the Earth's rotation and movement or is it an inherent side effect of controlling the stream that stabilizes the path?
Wonderful and perfect timing with the new video from minutephysics on the same topic :-)
I love this subject and also absolutely love the format you chose for to this video. Congrats and keep up the excellent work
This video is amazing! One of the best Dr. Becky videos yet!
Thx to you Becky I'm decided to (try to) study physics and astrophysics 💙😭 I still have to do the paperwork lol but geez I'm so excited
Hoooray 🥳
Don't, There no such thing as anti matter, nor quantum anything. Its a funding rort No big bang, a light bulb does not emit a spray of electrons etc etc.
Learn something real,
Physics and astrophysics are probably the most relevant fields of studies for humankind. However, have in mind that Dr. Becky and 95% of the physicists in the world base their theories, studies, experiments and predictions ON THE FAILED CURRENT STANDARD MODEL. The worst part is that every physicist that decides to work outside that FAILED MODEL, he or she is immediately put in the "crazy people box". This is the reason why there has not been any major breakthrough in physicists since Einstein, more than 90 years ago. If you go to study this, good luck, but have in mind that if you EVER attempt to do any real science, you will have all these people (including Dr. Becky) against you.
@@ETALAL so really why do you come to a channel like this if that's what you think?
I really don't get it, like yes l agree there may be things that's aren't perfect in the current model and that some others should have more resources used to investigate them, but dude if you don't like her content then go somewhere else. Plenty of channels talking about other theories these days(one of the good things about social media and sites like CZcams) granted some sound like they need to take their medication, but some really do have interesting concepts that should be explored more.
@@Jake12220 that is why I come here, to get other perspectives, to see how close minded some in the science community really are.
So Matt do you have any papers from CERN that you would like to cite regarding the topic.
We have wasted decades on this rubbish, some of the greatest minds in the UK like Eric Laithwaite must have died from shame at what has happened to our universities since the 1970s
You can be really proud of this video! Future presenter of the Christmas Lectures on the BBC.
I would love to see this. Dr Becky has an amazing presentation style, easy to listen to and explains very difficult topics with great ease.
Great video Dr Becky, you're amazing keep up the good work ❤️❤️❤️
Absolutely love your videos such good stuff but this one in particular is amazing, you're enthusiasm for the subject matter is such a joy to see.
Can anti-matter particles only annihilate with their exact counterpart? Or does, for example, a collision of a neutron and a positron "take away the neutron's electron" and leave a proton (and a bunch of energy)?
When not in a nucleus a neutron is very unstable and decays in about 15 minutes. The emitted electron is normal and will annihilate as usual. There is no indication that this decay can be induced by an interaction with a positron, however, the lifetime of neutron decay isn't one value, there are two different, accurately measured, values depending on how you do the measurement. There are several possible things that could trigger this result so it is not certain that this particular interaction won't occur. Nevertheless, in general, it's exact matches only.
'Annihilation' between an antiproton and a neutron, for example, does happen because they both contain up and down quarks - which are the things that will actually annihilate. Neutron-positron annihilation wouldn't happen because positrons don't contain up or down quarks and neutrons don't contain electrons.
Content: brilliant, even by your own high standards
Jumper: fantastic, epic, glorious
Dr Becky - this is the best video. Wonderful wonderful work. Very excited to see more of this more documentary style!
Congratulations on reaching 100 K subscribers. Stellar !
You are turning into quite a force of nature yourself, Dr Becky. Your evolving production quality, the depth of information - while keeping it accessible and fun is just impressive.
I must confess, my brain outgassed a bit while watching. It was confusingly trying to operate anti-matter as if it was dark matter thinking we surely know it has mass that happily dances with "our" gravity. Until I paid attention and remembered "ohhhh.....anti-matter....Not the kind of matter(s) Dr Becky normally talks about".
The banana segment was fantastic. As a safety-conscious gentleman, I of course never bring a banana to bed to not risk being blasted to dust via beta-decay. But you reminded me of course that we are talking Beta^+ decay. Those bananas are actively trying to annihilate me during sleep. I had totally forgotten. :D
I can not wait to meet my nephew again soon - to attack him with a bona fide anti-matter gun. (I promise I will not scare him from eating bananas).
Such a wonderful way of being reminded of all the lovely science and questions one does not think about every day or every month.
But humans have already had our revenge on the banana. We have desexed it such that it can not seed and propagate.
My crackpot hypotheses is that the total average across the whole universe comes out to equal matter and antimatter but our pocket of the universe had to have an asymmetry for us to exist. This pocket had to be of a certain size to give us enough time to develop. But now that we are here and no longer protected by the anthropic principal I’m expecting that at any moment a powerful gamma ray background will replace the microwave background as the edge of our matter bubble comes into view.
Made me smile and happy each time I saw you being excited being in these facilities. Thank you for your videos! )
You’re living the dream! 👏🏻
Hope to make it there someday...
Always a great video with Dr. Becky! 👍🏻
LHCB has the best logo of all CERN experiments!
Dr. Becky - "Nothing to worry about"
Me - "You conveniently failed to address the 'Cavern Evacuation' button on the control panel"
😀
Very cool and informative video. Thanks!
The CavE button? The CavEvac button? The EvaCave button?
@@pronounjow The palindromic button
That was great, I enjoyed every minute of it. Very well done.
That was one of the more interesting and thought provoking presentations regarding this matter. Thanks again for another great vid. 🙂
"Dammit the collider's not working again"
"Turn it off and on"
If nobody is looking press ctrl/alt/delete.Got to keep the IT magic secret.
Banana for scale much appreciated, I always wondered how big Dr. Becky was!
🤣 but no nutella or evaporust
Bananas have no standard size: Canarian bananas are much smaller (and sweeter).
@@LuisAldamiz but.. but... aren't bananas proof of design?.. why else would the curved shape fit so well in a human hand and be so easy to peel?... Oh yeah, that's right. Bananas were basically straight(or flat) 100 years ago 🤦♂️🤣
Bananas are evil .
@@billbaggins experiments in the High Energy Magic facility have convinced Dr Ponder Stibbons that bananas are, in fact, a type of fish.
@@LuisAldamiz So, you're saying she could be anywhere from 4'6" to 6'11"...
Wow Becky, you've really stepped up your game for this video. It's such high quality and super interesting. Well done!
Congratulations on the first 100.000 subscribers! So very well deserved
14:03 Ah, I get it now. The Rum is made of antimatter.
"Where is all the Antimatter?" That sounds like an accusation to me and I can tell you that I haven't got it! That's not to say I haven't tried to get it; but, boy does it hurt trying to snatch this stuff! Take my word for it, someone else has it. Me, I'm more interested getting my hands on a What'samatter.
Sorry- I have it... I use it to get rid of all the pens people are looking for
@@olik136 Thank goodness someone came clean on this. I kept seeing Dr. B.'s accusing eye looking at me with extreme disapproval. As you know, astronomers can see to the ends of the universe so there was no place I could hide. You did the right thing O.K.; so, tell you what: you get all the Antimatter you can snatch but I get all the What'samatter. Regarding the pens issue, I recommend you put all your money into buying stock in pen manufacturing enterprises. You will make yourself fabulously wealthy but keep in mind all the hearts you will break by disappearing all those beloved writing implements.
love your videos and love your enthusiasm. Keep up the great work. Can't wait for the blooper reel.
Love your videos Dr. Becky. This one is NO exception! Would love to hear more interviews with the staff on most plausible theories and if the evidence thus far favors any particular one.
Thank you dear for all the wonderful knowledge you give us, even if said knowledge leads to more questions than answers. Please keep on keeping on.
JT
Brilliant piece of video. I really hope antimatter falls up.
1:15 well, not *every* measurable property, mass would still be a positive value.
Temperature should be the same as well, right?
Really it's just the electric charge that is opposite. All other physical and quantum properties are the same between matter and antimatter, as far as we know.
@@horstkevin1799 - Temperature is not a fundamental property: it's the average of molecular excitation in some volume of matter.
Not only electric charge is flipped.
Also Isospin, parity, strangeness, color charge and stuff like this. But electric is most intuitive I think
Yeah I probably should have clarified that. Have put it in my pinned comment 👍
I for one am fascinated by anti-matter. The idea that "Data's positronic brain" was a form of anti-matter!?!? just makes me shake my head. Luv it! Thanks Dr. Becky - another great video.
Loved this film Becky, you really make science interesting and fun! Thank you
sounded to me like a song of Fleetwood Mack.
It's in the enterprise warp core.
Now where have the dilithium crystals gone?
Your face was like that of a kid in a toy store all the time :-)
I loved it Becky. New fresh form, fantastic job.
This is really good. It's way a documentary should be. Thanks Dr Becky.
The antimatter version of Dr Becky hates Physics and loves Astrology
I've seen enough star trek to know the word "positrons"
Just the word mind you🤗
The word positron long predates Star Trek. I believe that Isaac Asimov invented the word in his Robot series which he began to write in the late 1930s, early 1940s. His version of robots were controlled thru the use of “positronic” brains, manufactured by the fictional US Robotics. By the way, he also coined the word “robotics.” How’s that for having an impact on Science Fiction !!
Spok Haha - there should be at least a few others that know this stuff. As you know there are tons of Star Trek fans around, and there should be at least a few (elderly) Asimov fans left in the world. Thanks for writing. Live long and prosper !
Love the documentary style Dr Becky
Thanks for the video. Dr Becky you are amazing and exited about what you show us it makes the videos so much better. Thanks again.
But what about the *antidarkmatter*? ;)
Light matter?
Good question!
at least there *probably* isn't antidarkenergy
For that we will need to build an even larger hadron collider, one that spans the entire circumference of Earth.
Also the answer is (spoiler warning): 42.
@@LuisAldamiz No, we all know the answer is really 𝛑^(3ɸ)e^(-𝛑)ln(2). It involves all the numbers that appear everywhere
Great Subject and what you were trying to convey. Bad.. Too loud background music and for some , distorted audio / phase problems covering the voices.
i might agree on music to a degree but phase? nah.. you might have your earbuds half plugged.
please point me to a problematic location.
No phasing issues in the audio stream (or video, for that matter) here.
Excellent job, absolutely loved this video.
Thanks Jacobus 👍
Wonderful, thanks. The most professional video yet!! Are you and April from the same area, your accent is similar?
good video but the music/sound effects are too loud, it's hard to hear you
I agree, it sounds super loud on my monitor speakers and spoiled the great video
Thanks for putting this together!
Felt like I was watching Science Channel- Great job! Very cool you got to go to Cern- Thank you for taking us with you!
Me and my daughters new favourite channel! Keep going dr Becky!!
Thanks for taking us into CERN! Amazing things happening there, great to have an insider's glimpse. Your anti-gravity question reflects a question I have - are there, or is there a search (or even a need to search) for anti-bosons? I have not read anything about that yet.
Love the video. Would love more of this style.
When you first announced it, I expected like, the nerdy version of the vacation slides Selma and Patty showed the Simpsons on the older episodes. But no - ever the educator, you went way above and beyond with this, and I'm really glad we got to share in with the wonder a bit as you asked the questions with us instead of just telling us they're trying to answer them. And the editing and everything is super, thanks for make.
Thank you for this content,promise I'll be constant to watch your video to learn much mor
Congrats on 100k subscribers!
Holy production value Batman. This video's quality is a cut above the rest. I don't know what you did -- but compared to your early videos where the focus or audio was glitchy--- WOW. This is very professional. Nice job!
Great video. Very interesting & extremely well-produced too. Raises an already high bar!
Very interesting. I have seen several videos about lhc but all were talking about the other detectors and higgs boson, first time I'm hearing about lhbc and antimatter.
This new format is great.
Thanks for your work and sharing.
Love&gratitude.
Dr. Becky! What a great series! Thanks. I particularly liked this one. I worked at Brookhaven Nat Lab helping physicists with their 'maths problems' and computer programs used to 'detect events'. This program showed a picture of an event in the BNL Bubble Chamber. I met a friend through our work on the bubble chamber. Later he went on to work on the designs for the superconducting magnets at CERN. Several of his patents are used there. I did a little work at CERN, too, when they were having some problems calculating PI out to 100,000 decimal digits. Cheers. Thanks for the great work.
You are my go to physics educators !!! Still freaking out over the new age of everything ✌🇨🇦
Excellent video! Loved it :) the music choice was cool; who made the music?
It’s a CZcams audio library song called “Surviving the Asteroid Belt”
Love this content, really fantastically done. Reminds me of bbc horizon documentaries or other similar things
Amazing, thank you for this video!!
Congratulations on the 100k subscribers 😊
Really enjoy your tube-casts, looks like you enjoyed your time at CERN! Have you seen any of Isaac Arthur's tube-casts on "Science and Futurism with Isaac Arthur"?
Great video. Love your enthusiasm!
I always like your videos.
It's a lot of work.
SO JEALOUS! Keep up the spectacular content!!
Excellent video. Thanks 😊
Happy 100 000 subscribers!
You so cute walking around CERN like kid in a candy store.You can always explain very difficult topics so anyone can understand it - thank you.
Thank you Dr Becky!! 😊
Nice video, different, love the enthusiasm, been to CERN a couple of times with school, not been to one to the big experiments but would love to. I am looking forward to seeing some results from the antimatter experiments. You should do more stuff on the experimental and observational parts of physics.
Very well done on this video, I hope you will be doing more in this style and format. I hope in your next video you will be discussing the recent announcement of our temporary moon they have found, the tiny asteroid 2020 CD3.
Love this video 👍 just imagine how empty a region of space would have to be to find a good quantity of antimatter in the natural environment...
Grats on the 100k subs. 🥂🥂🍾
Antimatter is bananas! :D Looking forward to Dr. Becky becoming an enthusiast's science documentary channel.
Hi Dr. Becky,
Glad you got to go to CERN, very cool. I have often thought that particle physics and astrophysics were intimately related, almost interchangeable in many regards. Do you see many crossovers?
Love your content, thank you!
As you were patting that bit of the detector (14:08), I couldn't help but compare it to one of your "patting the telescope" photos ... That detector is perhaps the largest Microscope on earth.
Great video!
Your presenting style and editing is worthy of a professional documentary. Except they have a whole to produce the film and they have a whole team to get the end result. Please keep doing this :-)
Thanks for a wonderful video. Anti-matter looks like an exciting field of study. I think that when we a better understand of the properties and other of anti-matter, we will start to unlock more of the unsolved questions of the universe.
This is an amazing video!!!