Northborough, Peterborough | FULL EPISODE | Time Team
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- čas přidán 31. 05. 2024
- Time Team visits a cropmarks field, where a Neolithic causewayed enclosure were seen in 1996, but the site has never been dug. Perhaps a Neolithic Cathedral?
Season 12, Episode 05
#TimeTeam #NeolithicHistory #BritishHistory #Peterborough
Time Team is a British TV series following specialists who dig deep to uncover as much as they can about Britain's archaeology and history.
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Was the golden age of television from 1994 to 2010? I find myself watching this show all the time and never disappointed.
I don't think that date range really is accurate, but shows like this throughout the course of television history in general are remarkable. M*A*S*H is another shining example as is Cheers and Northern Exposure just to scratch the surface.
The 80s too. Allo allo was god tier
Education has been slowly filtered out of television programming sadly, cheaper tp make scripted 'titillation' shows ...
I’m the same way
I love seeing phil making tools and instruments etc, he has a childlike excitement, that sadly many adults lost long ago
So wonderful to see an episode featuring the erudite Francis Pryor! and always such a delight to see John Gater and Stewart Ainsworth work! thankyou!
Sorry never liked Francis. He always flip flopped, appeared to try and bluff things, made bad calls or predictions then tried to walk them back. I had no respect for the guy.
Fun fact: After retiring from archaeology, Francis has become a sheep farmer.
Good for him! He had such an amazing career I'm glad he's enjoying his retirement.
He became a sheep farmer before retiring
As Nicola noted, he raised sheep before retiring. He does an exceptional documentary entitled "Britain BC, and explains how he actually began sheep farming. Recommended watching!
Francis is still archaeologying.
Νοι
I loved it when Francis showed how underwhelmed he was with a low pitched ‘wow’.
i always wondered how well everything was documented after the digs. after all an archaeologist normally spends weeks writing and drawing, for a days worth of digging. I have learned that of their 228 episodes all but 3 have been written up and published!
"And we've got just three days to do it!" I'll never get tired of hearing that!😊
It always strikes me as such a weird constraint to focus on. I get that it's a mechanism to add some immediacy to what they're doing but it's still just always is so weird and jarring every time they talk about it.
Most of the people involved had actual day jobs, so these there more of a hobby they did over long weekends.
@@casfacto Moreover- 1) They’re evaluation digs. Not intended to completely excavate a whole site in its entirety. 2) Mick Aston and Tim Taylor designed the program that way; Dr. Aston said that in three days you could find out the essence of what a site was about and what sort of things had been going on there.
I love this show. The humor of them adds so much.
"What really worries me is that if we continue this discussion we might end up agreeing." That is the most brilliant end to a discussion I have ever heard!
@@Kholdaimonfantastic
The lady who is providing information about making wooden bowls is Mrs. Francis Pryor. It is interesting this is not really mentioned in the episode. She is quite respected in her own right.
Great to see her!
What a nice couple
I just love Francis: so passionate and so chivalrous. I'd love him as my teacher, any time on any subject
Sorry never liked him. He always flip flopped, appeared to try and bluff things, made bad calls or predictions then tried to walk them back. I had no respect for the guy.
Bowls and drinking cups from wood knots etc are a staple in Swedish woodworking!
Surprisingly good episode. What stood out to me was when it was pointed out that no man made monuments of similar proportion existed before these circular structures. Must have been like seeing a miracle for the people back then. Perhaps not unlike the Nazca geoglyphs, albeit those were made much later on.
Great episode, I enjoy watching so much, not in the least for the cheerful, joking, supportive remarks of members of Time Team.
Also, I learn a great deal about how to look at nature, at the development of coppicing, domestic skills, the use of fire. Very useful 👍
One of the most fascinating TT I've watched. Writing from a southern African context where cattle are such sacred animals to various African peoples, it doesn't surprise me at all that cattle could be central (both in terms of space and meaning) here. The either-or argument about the agricultural or ritual nature of the site is a fake binary, and gnores the deeper meaning that pastoral societies invested in livestock. In Khoena society in the Cape, cattle were only ever killed for ritual, celebratory purposes, and people subsisted largely on milk products and hunting/foraging. In saying this I am not suggesting pre-colonial cattle-centric approaches were neolithic or primitive, but that archeologists here could learn by being a bit more anthropological. And, by the way, many modern people on the planet still believe in the spiritual reality of their ancestors and observe this in meaningful, modern ritual practices.
Yes, it made me think of African societies too, and the ancestors.
I come from far Northern European stock. We are MILK people. My mostly Mediterranean relatives like my husband can't tolerate milk. My own genetic family can subsist nearly entirely on milk, cheese, etc.
Hi there. Also from Central and Southern Africa. The Mzsai people bleed their cattle and drink the blood, rather than killing them for the meat.
Generally, killing cattle for meat would seem to be only for celebrations, such as weddings or funerals.
Beautiful seeing the team working together with smiles like this. Bunch of bones but they had a great time
I think Uncle Phil is probably the coolest person I’ve never met.
this is reality television and he is a scripted character.
lol
@@d.m.barnes9445 you can see this. go back to the first series then go to the 12th series. His brogue becomes deeper than Scotty's of Star Trek
Give him a stone and he makes a tool. Give him a trowel and makes a discovery. Give him a drink(of beer) and he makes a joke.
Idiopathic , you are.
Stumbled on this show on youtube a month or so ago while searching for history shows to watch and OMG I am hooked. Shame they no longer do this... what has happened to all of them since the show ended, anyone know??
Actually, they are making a new season from Patreon backing and have already filmed a few episodes! They were all professional archeologist so most of them are just digging trenches to this day :) Phil is retired since 2 years but still do community archeology projects. Sadly, Mick Aston died back in 2013
That's nice that you really like this show. It became a bit of an "institution" here in England... we slowly grew to love the team.
Thank you. Greatest show ever! Lovely to finally see them in hi-res and with subs so my partially deaf wife and me can watch together.
I post this on just about every video, but I'd give my weight in gold to get a copy of the soundtrack for Time Team. All the music from this series is so superb and evocative. I'd gladly pay to get a download of all the tracks throughout the series 💖
I often find myself coming up with track names as I listen!
1. Time Team Theme Tune
2. The Incident Room
3. Trench One
4. Just 3 Days
music.czcams.com/play/OLAK5uy_mT7w5EqDBmi_u8ZIiZlJc9AiuZbdr_Xw4.html&feature=share
@@elizabethbrown2088 OMG thank you!!!
Uncle Phil was a flint knapper before 'e became all famous and posh, hence his contribution here...
Since this is the furthest-east ditch enclosure of that era, maybe it's close to where the population crossed over from modern Europe. Sort of a "meet me at the crossroads" every year at slaughter-time. It's really remarkable.
Tony's speech at the end really sold it to me, that it was 'farmer's market'; A place where related tribes met to trade goods and to go on a communal hunt. Annually, maybe bi-annually. The mothers, kids, and elderly would camp in the ring, while the young went off after an offering for a good hunt. They'd then return with the kill(s), butcher and dress the meat, split up the hides and any bones; possibly have a small feast on the perishable parts like eyes, heart and then leave an offering of thanks to the gods/ancestors the following morning, and then drift back to their homes. Like a family retreat. All the cousins.
Wow an Aurochc Neolithic Bison, very cool discovery.
I am from Peterborough, Canada. And we have a Fenelon Falls near us too.
I was thinking that too.
First aired January 30, 2005.
I like how English speaking people are using the scientific term like "Neolithic" while we here in Denmark call it "the peasant stone age". ^^
And we also keep it more simple with the older stone ages: "Oldest stone age" and "Older stone age", and both periods are collectively called "the hunter stone age".
The best of it all: As I recall the dividing the time into age was a Dane who came up with that ... How come we are not more specific? ^^
I really enjoyed the Danish people when I visited Billund a couple of years ago. I was pleasantly surprised by the ACTUAL Danish breakfast with cheese, butter and jam. I was SUPER shocked to visit the far coast and stroll some of the WWII coastal defenses in a winter coat on a beach covered in snow. What a wonderful country. I visited a place called Lilandia that frankly was jaw-dropping to see and experience.
I wonder if the hill forts were used for the ancient equivalent of trade fairs. Highly visible and near the ancient track ways, a place for trade and exchange of information and a place to impress outsiders with the wealth and power of your people. You would have feasting and rituals along with trade negotiations, it's possible.
I think it's more plausible that those structures represent some kind of a cattle market where people come from different areas to buy and sell domesticated animals, freshly hunted game and engage in the latest gossip.
God I love this show! I’m such a fan,
45:25 Actually, in ancient Malta the Neolithic people did "bring their animals to church" and then sacrifice and butcher them ceremoniously.
I’m not well versed in Neolithic history, I agree with you. In my own historic reading the idea that this site is ONLY farming or ONLY ritual is ridiculous.
I mean, have you ever been in a Catholic’s house? My Aunt has a print of the Last Supper and a Crucifix in her dining room next to a doorway that leads to a very pretty kitchen garden. Due to her health, she “goes to Mass” in her living room nearly every week. Using these two gentlemen’s way of looking at things if her house burned down Francis might think she’s heavily religious and the other gentleman might think she’s a small farmer.
🎶🎶Two neolithic ditches go around me outside- around me outside --around the outside🎶🎶
I always enjoy a dig where Francis Pryor is on site. I especially love the interactions between him, Phil, John and Tony. I hope he’s coaxed out of retirement and sheep farming to join in on the new episodes!
Have YOU gone to Patreon and signed up to sponsor new Time Team shows? I have...
Interesting comment regarding the Neolithic period by Francis at 11:45. "It's when we stopped being ancient and actually start being modern."
I'm amazed how many words actually are similar, Fen for marshes (Veen) in Dutch. Feanlân in Frisian, Fenland.
Also those marshes they drive through at 17:33 looks remarkably like the Netherlands.
Old English and Old Frisian are most similar. Probably de Frisians flet out of the wetlands of the Netherland as soon as the Romans were gone.😂
Actually it is fean in frisian.(fyi)
@@jacquelinevanderkooij4301 You're quite right. Fean*
A beautiful ITV 8 series documentary by Melvyn Bragg called 'The Adventure of English' (2002), on how the "English" language came to be what it is now - starts off in Friesland (the Northern Province) in The Netherlands 🇳🇱. At 04:00 it is explained very clearly.
ttps://czcams.com/video/F33xjTPDeRk/video.htmlsi=K4rRNInwRK8raPYh
You don’t yell at us, you inform with a great sense of humor , when appropriate. You’re funny as hell. And you don’t talk don or the taff or viewers. As a California USA viewer, thank you Phil for the wonderful distraction during dangerous times in mu country.
" you don’t talk don or the taff or viewers" i am afraid I'm utterly bewildered by this arrangement of words. i presume auto-correct is to blame, but I'll be buggered if I can work out the original words, or indeed sentiment.
@@KarldorisLambley you don't talk down to the staff or viewers. Make more sense?
@@patriciamurphydillon4937 aha! thank you. it seems so obvious now.
haha, seems like Phil and Mic shared a love of pins for a while. XD I love it.
I speak Dutch....I guess some words haven't changed for thousands of years...aurochs....oer os...oe in Dutch pronounced oo with a rolled r means primal or primitive and os the Dutch word for ox
Basicly the same goes for the german word Auerochse wich is still in use today.
@David Smith, isn't it interesting to find those pieces of the language-puzzle, on both sides of the North Sea Channel? I speak Dutch and The Netherlands is my country of birth. During my almost 5 years in Britain, the South West, I've dug into the history of Dutch-British connections, of which one of them is clearly related to water control, relatively recent. But further back in time, when the North Sea Channel was dry land, it seems that language cross- overs were a natural process, due to people travelling on foot to and fro. Among sabre tigers and mammoths. Later, when the ice began to melt, and the gap between Britain and The Netherlands filled with water, sea faring was common, obviously, also causing language crossovers between traders, or pirates?
My mother is Frisian from the village Holwerd on the North coast of Friesland, and hearing her speak Frisian astounded me, as a young girl, because the tone of the language was akin to English often. I couldn't understand Frisian, and learned English quite early in my life, reading lots of English books. I've found out that the Frisian tribe, during the Norman invasion in Britain and The Netherlands, came to merge with the Normans, fighting in Britain. Due to their fierce nature, admired for it, they were invited (and possibly paid as well) to join the ranks of the "enemy".
In the 90's I've visited Findhorn and while spending nights in B&B's during the journey home, by ferry from Dover, booking a B&B, I've met a family who owned the B&B, which must've been on the mid-East coast of Britain, all serving the guests. A few women looked exactly like my mother and her sisters, there was a stunning likeness. My mother wasn't blond, she had very dark hair, and dark blue eyes. The waittresses were almost duplicates of her!
I felt like as if I was with family-members, they were kind and polite. I asked the manager, a man, about this likeness, when I had told him of the likeness of his female waittresses with my mother''s and her sisters' looks.
He informed me, confirming the "crossover" of genes, that for quite some time, Dutch people arrive to live on the East Coast of Britain. Hence the mixing of genes. Sorry for going off topic, all sparked by the likeness of sound and letters, in Dutch and English words. As a writer and translator, I'm truly fascinated by the creation of language 😊
Borrowed from German Aurochs, an early variant of Auerochse, from Middle High German ūrochse (“aurochs”), from Old High German ūrohso (“aurochs”), a compound consisting of ūro (“aurochs”) (from Proto-Germanic *ūraz, *ūrô (“aurochs”)) + ohso (“ox”). Because English has the delicate sensitivity of an industrial vacuum cleaner, it's easy to forget that it's a Germanic language. When you hear something like Chaucer read aloud it sounds very Dutch or German.
@@devonseamoor well.. I still don't understand why the Brits accept the narrative the invading Saxons came from Germany, while there is and was a whole piece of the Netherlands between Germany and the British isles. wouldn't it be reasonable to say the invading Saxons came from the Netherlands ?
A lot of Dutch weavers came to Britain who we're well looked after they were top the top the tree so to say for there skills and you can still see some Dutch styled houses in England..
Living in Ontario, Canada, we have both a Fenelon Falls and Peterborough. I know the show is in the UK, but my first thought was "they are not that near to each other" :)
Ok, so they are only 68KM apart, that is not far by Canadian standards.
You have to love Francis, fantastic imagination 😃
"but on this side!..."
*splash*
"Dammit."
Love it!
Francis, is certainly has the most eccentric ideas of these sights haha. Great guy, just very outlandish with some of his preliminary ideas
Ockhams razor says that the simplest explanation is that the design of these ditches and banks was purely for animal control. Number one priority is always food, ritual is always behind hunger in priority.
With the ritual vs domestic why does it need to be either or. Lots of religions have had house shrines until even quite recently. Also if you look at communities that still live much closer in style to the neolithic than is common for most of us today, they don't go of to a totally different place to do their rituals. Whatever they do is mostly done in and around the places they build their shelter. It seems to me that the total seperation of religious places of worship and living space is quite a new thing in human history.
Edit: Well, the episode conclusion seems to have come to that point, sort of, in the end...
This is hugely important. Why do we now think of the sacred as so distant from the everyday life? This is a modern division that can be seen as tragic.
Everyday life IS sacred.
Thank you.
That bone is lucky to be here! That prehistoric cow probably does not think so.
I've always wondered if Time Team goes to a land owner, very excited at some plan for archeological digging, and the owners says, "Hell no! You're not digging up my turnips!" End of search for history's greatest find!
In the beginning it was like that, but once the show became popular they had so many people asking them to come dig up their land that they were spoiled for choice.
Does anybody know if the playlists are all of the episodes? This says Season 12 Ep 5 in the verbiage, but it is episode 3 of 4 for season 12 in the playlist? I noticed this on other playlists, too.
.Thank again.
The neolithic guy with the bow... I've never been able to shoot my longbow like that. You really need to put the arrow on the other side of the bow.
My eldest daughter Amber and her Dad we are all watching the Time Team from all the way down under from Mount Gambier in the State Of South Australian and our 25th times Great Grandfather was King Henry ll.
🥇🇦🇺🦘⚜️👑⚜️
A lot of BRITS are related to Royalty and I know your a ozzie but you must have british ancestry in your family..
As precious as a jug of ale. No way. Nobody believes. The old hippy goes ballistic at the word ale.
Wonder how they made such perfect circle Ditches in those far off days
Now that Time Team is back it would be fun to see Francis come out of retirement for a new dig...
lol
Feels like a pretty good defensive structure, they don't much seem to consider that. Irregular ditches would be pretty useful as well. Watching the rivers makes sense, if you are fearing raiders, too.
Why do you think that? There's causeways, people can't get through the ditch
Phil found two soul-mates I think
I have to wonder if thousands of years from now people will find our knock off items & think they are actually genuine.
*MADE IN CHINA* 😂
I love Ditch technology. Why didnt Sid Myer add it to his technology tree?
WAOW!!!!
Has it occurred to the archeologists that the ring & ditch enclosures wee built during the Paleolithic era of aurrochs and ended when they were hunted to extinction.
Is that it???
What do you mean is that it!!! 😂😂
I enjoy Phil as much as the next pal, but man, do I want to clip his nails lol
Phil is a serious guitarist and plays finger style. He uses his nails to pluck the strings instead of a pick. He plays classical music and he plays the Blues. The nails are longer on his right hand for the strings and shorter on the left hand for the frets. Phil loves his music as much as he loves flint knapping and archaeology.
How do they have south facing structures with spaced gaps in front of open areas and never mention astrological alignments. The gaps probably indicate equinoxes and solstices, which are important for planting and harvests.
I love this series, but.... with all the finds they unearth, all the misses they endure, and the parts they leave untouched 3days is never long enough for one site. I wish they could "extend the trench" on this one to 5 days 😂😂😂
Cauta in imaginea dată lângă pomi ! Si mai e o clădire cu o intrare pe alee veche !
💚
8:40 Phil's poor foot.
So.... This could have been their equivalent of a modern day stockyard, But where they placed offerings (when it was built) to their gods/ancestors to make sure there was good harvesting/luck on that site..... Sort of like having a Clergy Man come along and bless your new building.
In Thailand Buddhist monks actually do that , come and bless the building for luck.
Having just watched them rhapsodize about the neolithic way of keeping the woodland in balance by a mixture of cutting and coppicing you can't help then notice that James the coppicer cuts down a tree for absolutely no reason. He 'may' have needed to cut one upright to get access to the bowl although even that looks doubtful, but the final shot of the tree shows there was absolutely no reason at all to have cut down the other upright of the tree. (19.10-19.20) 😠
Anybody know how old Phil's hat is?
It’s an archaeological artifact in and of itself lol
@@katecalhoun1104 🤣🤣🤣
'70s hippy age , as is the hair.
Which one? He has had several different hats over the years. They vary in color, brim width, crown height and hat band style.
15:25 Different countries have their different fines that are common and not common. over here in USA arrowheads are found Dime in a dozen cause of the ancient Native American Indians.
It looks more like someone had too many spirits at Canters in Peterborough and went for a drive in a nearby field.
Het is wel jammer van de irritante reclames die een zeer goede serie time team niet prettig maakt om te kijken
it's a shame that the many annoying commercials make a series like time team less pleasant to watch.
I enjoy the show, I've seen some episodes during the original broadcast. I am confused by scientists who are championing theories and dismissive evidence or elevating evidence based on preconceptions. A scientist might say a find is exciting, but why say its "good" beyond clear diagnostic value.
We tend to think that science is totally objective, but, we are not objective beings. Every single thing we do is based on our perception of reality. Where and when a "truth" is revealed takes place in the give and take of argument. This doesn't mean argument as merely disagreeing. It is the exchange, the debate over an issue. As for the "debate" about ritual vs. gathering place, that seemed scripted to me.
Farm or Ritual..? These things are not mutually exclusive. When you have no metal, can you really build separate "buildings" for specific reasons? Farming and harvest gods
kind of makes me think the ditches were used like a fire pit for the clay pots. seems like all the ones they have explored thus far have burning in them.
Seems to me that there wasn't really any differentiation between domestic & ritual for these people. Making an offering to the ancestors was as humdrum & day-to-day an activity as feeding the chickens was.
The original picture shown of the double circle Is obviously tracks for racing. The outer ring they raced carriages and the inner circle was a track for running horses. People would came in great numbers from all around and place bets.
Rings of ditches...or dings of riches?
Some times would be fun watching the farmer plow these huge fields while the archaeologists dig
What if this is where they ritually slaughtered cattle like woodhinge ?
just a thought about the pit parts of causewayed enclosures: did they used to be standing stone circles and the stones were robbed out by later cultures? a ditch enclosure has more practical uses, like drainage, or keeping livestock in or out, or marking burials. causewayed enclosures have less reason to exist. They may have been stone circles made with smaller stones. Just thinking. If not stones. maybe they are split post holes that once were framework for large fenced enclosures for keeping livestock out of the fens nearby, or for keeping deer and hares out of their gardens.
Anyone else hawt for Phil? No? Just me? 🙋🏼♀️
Lol girl our Phil is old enough to be your grand daddy. Whatever rocks your boat.
@@katerinakemp5701 🤣
@@katerinakemp5701 He is only about 19 months older than me and I will always think he is a damn good looking man.
Question: Why is a half fired pot found in a ditch with some burnt grain?
Answer: Somebody messed up their pot and threw it out after they burnt their grain.
Lol
I find it funny how they argue about two complete opposite opinions yet hardly conclude to a truly possible thought... Have you ever tried running through a ditch? Or a field of ditches? What does one do with cattle when there is no fence? Cows are lazy and would follow the easiest path would they not? And in butchering a large animal a ditch would prove wonderful in rolling the large creature stable on its back to dress it. And the evidence of offerings could simply be a ritual of thanks for each animal killed for food.
Ah .. didn't take long before the word "Ritual" was used..code for we're going to find absolutely nothing in this episode
46:37 - looks like foxholes to hide humans in, that would trick wildlife to come to the river (perhaps with some bait in the middle of it?). An ambush hunting technique instead of a roaming technique.
Baaaah!
ALL PHIL NEEDS IS SOME POT TO smoke after his nice berries breakfast..
He would prefer a nice pint of ale.
What is the significance of round shapes in settlements across all cultures in ancient history? They are everywhere. And in ancient rock drawings circular images. We really are a species with amnesia as Graham Hancock believes.
Why would you have gaps between the enclosure if it was a farmstead or corral? Neither safe nor a hindrance to animals going in or out. I tend to believe Francis and his ritual theory
From my experience of when I was living in the countryside and experienced the way various farm animals got out of modern enclosures, those ditches would not have been at all practical as a farming solution. In fact they would have been down right dangerous with a herd of browsing cattle that could take fright at any moment and run in any direction, only to fall into them. Nor would they keep anything out.
Francis,.....every tent is a temple, every artifact is a sacrifice, every meal is a ritual. Lol
Yes, Francis, has ritual/religion on the brain. Gets tiring after a while.
According to Francis the world is all ritual. Wonder how much time was left to farm and produce food.
Francis is a one trick pony. To him everything is, was and always will be ritual.
I sure hope Phil and the team get some of the cash you get for making me watch 15 adds per episode! Damm every 2 min??? Wtf
I have CZcams Premium, completely ad-free. I watch YT all the time, so it’s worth it for me.
Just scroll to the last 10 sec of episode than rewatch and ads are gone. Why pay for youtube like this fool lmfao wjo tf has yt premium haha
The farm/monument was so that their ancestors could watch over their livestock
It's a cattle ranch. And I helped dig the ditches for refuse and waste. We learned early on that we needed to keep waste separate.. And my aunt burned the rice and simply dumped it and the bowl into the ditch..
Whats up with all the commercials
I used to like watching this show. Might as well just watch cable TV AGAIN
You should either download an ad-blocking addon to your browser such as 'adblock' or 'u-block' , or to make it even easier simply download a browser with built-in add blocking such as the 'Brave' browser. No more adds unless you want them. :)
Love Time time, but I find it so hard to take Francis seriously. Everything is ritual with him.
Agree. I wonder how much religion plays a part of his life.
Francis' insistence on seeing ritual everywhere, even in the face of more compelling evidence, is very unprofessional. Compare that to Mick's openminded approach to these digs.
Think about the way people live back then. There are many simply practical reasons to build an enclosure around a space besides the ceremonial ones. For example, around a round house, a ditch is where you dump the chamber pots and food trash to let the smell fend off wild animals. The ammonia in the urine offends crawling insects and wandering raiders who may be thinking of robbery. The ditch would be far enough from the house to make it pleasant to live in the house. Food waste left over from fish would be buried in the ditch, not just dumped there. It discourages the toddlers from wandering too far from home while Mom and Dad are busy at home. If there are a few sheep and goats and dogs and maybe a cow to keep, the ditch discourages cattle escapes. A ditch below the house level by a few feet acts as drains during pouring rains not uncommon in those places. It goes on and on.
Ads every 4 1/2 minutes. That sucks
Download 'adblock' or 'ublock' or a similar addon for your browser. Or dowload a browser with builtin addblocking such as 'Brave'. Enjoy addfree youtube again. :)
To separate spiritual and practical uses of places seems to be a false narrative. Anyone who has listened to indigenous Australians talk about their connection to "Country" will know that the physical and spiritual worlds can exist at the same time.
One day, I'll see an episode where Francis doesn't claim it's ritual. His first option is always everything is ritual, and often that's also his second and third option.