How Did the Jews Live in the Early Caliphate? History of Religions
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- Äas pĹidĂĄn 13. 05. 2024
- Kings and Generals historical animated documentary series on the history of religions, Middle Ages and the early Muslim caliphate, continues with a video on the Jews in the early Caliphate, as we discuss how they lived in the new environment in terms of politics, economy, culture and how they interacted with the Muslims.
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The script was written by Christos Nicolaou, while the video was made by YaÄÄąz Bozan and Murat Can YaÄbasan and was narrated by Officially Devin ( / @offydgg & czcams.com/channels/79s.html....
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Music courtesy of EpidemicSound
00:00 Intro
02:03 Jews in Pre-Islamic Arabia
05:14 Jewish Communal Organization
08:54 Jewish Cultural Development
10:37 Jews in Caliphate's Economy
13:35 Relationships between the Jews and Muslims
15:51 Conclusion
#Documentary #Jews #Caliphate
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JEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEWS
Is Jews are big slave trade owner in African slave trade ? Can anyone tell me. ...
Do you people Will One day work in the beginning of Portugal exploration and Discovery?
Appreciate this video. This is very much ti.ely due to current events in the world.
Dhimmi Mean Someone proacted it still is used in modern Arabic when someone asks for protection. Dhimmi mean those under protection.
Everyone is concerned about Jizya that non Muslims paid. But why no one is asking about ZAKAT that Muslims need to pay as obligatory. Which is in addition to regular tax.
Plus serving in army is mandatory for the Muslims only to protect everyone in the state, whereas its not mandatory for the nonMuslims
that's true
Because it would not make for a compelling writing. Of course they would talk about the Jizya because it helps shape the narrative they want to shape.
TRUE
Jizya was paid to not join military and basically purchase military protection. This is why old people, women, children doesnât have to pay it.
Muslims have to pay Zakaat, join military and safeguard Jizya payers.
Jewish history in the Ottoman Empire is also really fascinating. There are accounts of Muslim merchants boycotting European cities that had massacred Jews. There was also this intriguing incident where a Muslim fleet besieged an Italian city to free a Jewish boy that was an Ottoman citizen and had been captured by Christian pirates.
source?
đ¤Ł
@@jonchipiron5430 whats so funny? Is ur christian mind too stupid to comprehend the truth?
Did you have alcohol while writing that comment?
@@no_one699 are you too fucking ignorant to handle the truth?
Just wanted to say that I am grateful you haven't fallen into the trap of using AI-generated art in your videos. The art style gives so much personality to your videos, and helps transport me right there into the age and culture of whatever video I watch of yours.
Yes!
but need time to make it
Tbf, they do basically trace existing stuff and then have their own things on it.
â@@zulharriansyahsyamsul4024so that's what makes human ingenuity separate from AI (which was also made by humans, if you don't know lol)
Only a matter of time.
We treated them as brothers but they stabbed us in the back..
Well that what happens when u drive people over the edge
Not the muslim the Europeans mostly the germans
1900-1948
1. 1901-1902: 3rd Cairo massacre, Ottoman Egypt
2. 1901-1907: 4th Alexandria massacres, Ottoman Egypt
3. 1903: 1st Port Said massacres, Ottoman Egypt
4. 1903-1940: Pogroms of Taza and Settat, Morocco
5. 1904: massacre of Jews in Yemen
6. 1907: Casablanca, pogrom, Morocco
7. 1908: 2nd Port Said massacre, Ottoman Egypt
8. 1909: comment from the British vice-consul of Mosul: âThe attitude of Muslims towards Christians and Jews is that of a master towards his slaves.â
9. 1910: blood libel of Shiraz
10. 1911: Shiraz pogrom
11. 1912: 4th Fez, Pogrom, Morocco
12. 1914: expulsion of Jews from Palestine old enough to bear arms by the Ottomans
13. 1917: Jewish Inquisition of Baghdadi, Ottoman Empire
14. 1918-1948: adoption of a law prohibiting the raising of a Jewish orphan, Yemen
15. 1920: Irbid massacres: British mandate in Palestine
16. 1920-1930: Arab riots, British Mandate Palestine
17. 1921: 1st Jaffa riots, British Mandate Palestine
18. 1922: Massacres of Djerba, Tunisia
19. 1922: law of forced conversion of orphans in Yemen, concerning Jews including as adults
20. 1927: 60 Jews killed by Arabs in the Mellah of Casablanca Morocco
21. 1928: Massacres of Ikhwan, in Egypt and under British mandate in Palestine.
22. 1928: Jewish orphans sold into slavery and forced to convert to Islam by the Muslim Brotherhood, Yemen
23. 1929: anti-Jewish riots, British mandate: in August 1929, the Jews demanded the construction of the Western Wall; pogroms in Jerusalem, Hebron, Safed. To stop the violence, the British reject this request
24. 1929: 3rd Hebron Pogrom under British Mandate Palestine.
25. 1929 3e pogrom de Safed, mandate britannique Palestine.
26. 1933: 2nd Jaffa riots, British mandate in Palestine.
27. 1934: Anti-Jewish pogrom in Constantine Algeria. 200 Jewish stores were raided, the total material damage was estimated at more than 150 million francs. It also sent a quarter of Constantineâs Jewish population into poverty.
28. 1934: Pogroms in Thrace, TĂźrkiye
29. 1934: 1st massacres in Farhud, Iraq
30. 1936: 3rd Jaffa riots, British Mandate Palestine
31. 1936: 2e massacre of Farhud, Irak
32. 1938: boycott of Jews in Egypt
33. 1939: discovery of 3 bombs in synagogues in Cairo
34. 1941 : 3e massacre de Farhud, Iraq
35. 1941: persecution of Jews in Libya
36. 1941: massacre of Jews in Baghdad, with the support of the authorities: approx. 170 dead
37. 1942: collaboration of the mufti with the Nazis. Plays a role in the final solution
38. 1942: Struma disaster, TĂźrkiye
39. 1942: Nile Delta pogroms, Egypt
40. 1938-1945: Arab collaboration with the Nazis
41. 1942: discriminatory tax law of Varlik Vergisi in Turkey against Jews and Christians
42. 1942: looting of Jewish property in Benghazi and deportation to the desert
43. 1944: attack on the Jewish quarter of Damascus
44. 1945: anti-Jewish and anti-Christian riots in Egypt; churches and synagogues destroyed
45. 1945: 4th Cairo massacre, Egypt
46. 1945: Pogrom of Tripoli, Libya
47. 1947: segregation measures against Jews in Egypt
48. 1947: pogrom in Libya; approx. 130 dead
49. 1947 : Pogroms dâAden au Yemen
50. 1947: 3rd pogrom dâAlep, Syrie
51. 1948: âemptyingâ of the Jewish quarter of Damascus, Syria
1800-1899
1. 1800: new decree adopted in Yemen, prohibiting Jews from wearing new or good clothes. Jews were forbidden to ride mules or donkeys, and were sometimes rounded up for long, naked marches through the Roob al Khali desert.
2. 1805: 1st pogrom in Ottoman Algeria against the Jews of Algiers after a famine. Frenchconsul Dubois-Thainville saves 200 Jews by sheltering them in his consulate.
3. 1805: exile of Jews from Algiers to Tunis and Livorno
4. 1805, the leader of the Jewish Nation of Algiers, Naphthalie Busnach, is killed while riots ravage the neighborhoods.
5. 1806: expulsion by fatwa of the Jews of Sali in Morocco
6. 1806: ban on Moroccan Jews wearing Western clothing
7. 1806: the janissaries of the dey of Algiers massacre and pillage in the Jewish quarter
8. 1807: expulsion of Jews from Tetouan
9. 1808: 1st massacres in the Mellah ghetto, North Africa
10. 1815, the chief rabbi of Algiers, Isaac Aboulker, is beheaded during a riot.
11. 1815: the Jews of Algiers are forced to fight against an invasion of locusts
12. 1815: 2nd pogrom of Algiers, Ottoman Algeria
13. 1816: in Algeria, ban on carrying weapons for Jews and Christians
14. 1820: Massacres of Sahalu Lobiant, Ottoman Syria
15. 1828 : pogrom de Baghdad, Iraq ottoman
16. 1830: 3rd pogrom of Algeria, Ottoman Algeria
17. 1830: start of the persecution of Jews in Persia, caused by the Russian advance in the Caucasus
18. 1830: ethnic cleansing of Jews in Tabriz, Iran
19. 1834: 2nd pogrom of Hebron, Ottoman Palestine
20. 1834 : Pogrom de Safed, Palestine ottomane
21. 1838: Druze attack in Safed, Ottoman Palestine
22. 1839: Massacre of the Mashadi Jews, Iran
23. 1839: forced conversion of surviving Jews from Mashadi
24. 1839: campaign of forced conversions of Iranian Jews
25. 1840: persecution of the Jews of Damascus; ritual murder case
26. 1840: forced conversion of the Jews of Mashadi
27. 1841: massive murders of Jews in Morocco; the sultan is obliged to consider the Jews as his personal property, which helps to protect them
28. 1840: Damascus, ritual murders (French Muslims and Christians kidnapped, tortured and killed Jewish children for entertainment), Ottoman Syria
29. 1844: 1st Cairo massacre, Ottoman Egypt
30. 1847: Dayr al-Qamar Pogrom, Liban ottoman
31. 1847: ethnic cleansing of Jews in Jerusalem, Ottoman Palestine
32. 1848: 1st pogrom of Damascus, Syria
33. 1848: total disappearance of the Jews of Mashhad
34. 1850: 1st pogrom of Aleppo, Ottoman Syria
35. 1854: anti-Jewish pogrom in Demnate, Morocco
36. 1857: beheading in Tunis of the Jewish coachman Batou Sfez, accused of blasphemy, while he was drunk
37. 1860: 2nd pogrom of Damascus, Ottoman Syria
38. 1862: 1st pogrom of Beirut, Ottoman Lebanon
39. 1866 : pogrom at Kuzguncuk, Turquie Ottomane
40. 1867: Barfurush massacre, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
41. 1868: Eyub Pogrom, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
42. 1869: Massacre of Tunis, Ottoman Tunisia
43. 1869: Massacre of Sfax, Ottoman Tunisia
44. 1864-1880: Marrakech massacre, Morocco
45. 1870: 2nd Alexandria massacres, Ottoman Egypt
46. 1870: 1st pogrom in Istanbul, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
47. 1871: 1st Damanhur massacres, Ottoman Egypt
48. 1872: Massacres in Edirne, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
49. 1872: 1st pogrom of Izmir, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
50. 1873: 2nd massacre of Damanhur, Ottoman Egypt
51. 1874: 2nd pogrom of Izmir, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
52. 1874: 2nd pogrom of Istanbul, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
53. 1874: 2nd pogrom of Beirut, Ottoman Lebanon
54. 1875: 2 pogroms in Aleppo, Ottoman Syria
55. 1875: Massacre on the island of Djerba, Ottoman Tunisia
56. 1877 : 3e massacre de Damanhur, Egypte ottomane
57. 1877: Pogrom of Mansura, Ottoman Egypt
58. 1882: Massacre of Homs, Ottoman Syria
59. 1882: 3rd massacre of Alexandria, Ottoman Egypt
60. 1889: after the funeral of a rabbi, deemed too discreet, the Jewish cemetery of Baghdad was confiscated
61. 1889: looting of the Jewish quarter of Baghdad
62. 1890: 2nd Cairo massacre, Ottoman Egypt
63. 1890, 3e pogrom de Damas, Syrie ottomane
64. 1891: 4th massacre of Damanahur, Ottoman Egypt
65. 1897: murders in Tripoli, Ottoman Libya
66. 1890: Massacres of Tunis, Ottoman Tunisia
1700-1799
1. 1700: massacre of Jews in Yemen
2. 1747 : Massacres de Mashhad, Iran
3. 1758: executions of a Jew and an Armenian in Constantinople for violation of the legislation on the clothing of infidels
4. 1770: expulsion of Jews from Jeddah in Arabia
5. 1785 : Tripoli Porom, Libya ottomane
6. 1790-92: Pogrom of Tetouan. Morocco (Jews of Tetouan undressed and lined up)
7. 1790: destruction of most of the Jewish communities in Morocco
1600-1699
1. 1604: start of a period of famine, violence and forced conversions of the Jewish population of Fez: 2000 conversions in 2 years
2. 1608: persecution for two years of the Jews of Taroudat by the Berbers
3. 1622: forced conversion of the Jews of Persia
4. 1630-1700: Yemenite Jews were considered âimpureâ and therefore forbidden to touch a Muslim or a Muslimâs food. They were obliged to humble themselves before a Muslim, walk on the left side and greet him first. They could not build houses taller than those of a Muslim or ride a camel or horse, and when riding a mule or donkey, they had to sit on the side. When entering the Muslim quarter, a Jew had to take off his shoes and walk barefoot. If attacked with stones or fists by Muslim youths, a Jew was not allowed to defend himself.
5. 1650: Jews from Tunisia are deported to special neighborhoods called âharaâ
6. 1650: forced conversion of the Jews of Persia, under Shah Abbas II
7. 1656: Jews expelled from Isfahan in Iran
8. 1660: 2 pogroms in Safed and Tiberias, Ottoman Palestine
9. 1670: Expulsion of Mawza, Yemen
10. 1676: expulsion of Jews from Sanaa in Yemen
11. 1678: forced conversion of Jews in Yemen
12. 1679-1680: Sanaa massacres, Yemen
1500-1599
1. 1516: Algerian Jews receive the official status of dhimmi from the Ottomans; certain colors are forbidden to them (red and green); they are not allowed to ride horses or carry weapons; they must pay the discriminatory tax; their representative is ritually slapped during the delivery of tribute to the authorities
2. 1517: 1st pogrom in Safed, Ottoman Palestine
3. 1517: 1st pogrom of Hebron, Ottoman Palestine
4. Massacre of Marsa ibn Ghazi, Ottoman Libya
5. 1521: expulsion of Jews from Belgrade by the Ottomans
6. 1524: expulsion of Jews from Buda in Hungary by the Ottomans
7. 1535: pogrom then expulsion of Jews from Tunisia
8. 1554: looting and persecution against the Jewish population of Marrakech by the Turks who took the city
9. 1574: civil war in Morocco between three claimants; Jews are victims of all camps
10. 1577: Passover massacre, Ottoman Empire
11. 1588-1629 : pogroms of Mahalay, Iran
Can Islamists be honest for once? We know Muslims aren't Christians and Jews allies.
Quran (An-Nisa), 4:144 : O you who have believed, do not take the disbelievers as allies instead of the believers. Do you wish to give AllÄh against yourselves a clear case?
Are you still a Muslim if you oppose the Quran?
@@MehWhatever99 reply this on the top comments too
It is wrong to say that non-muslims were the only ones taxed under calaphite.
Please read up about the concept of Zakat- a tax(and a religious obligation). Abu Bakar the 1st caliph, sent an army to punish those muslims who refused to pay Zakat.
Ziziya is only for protection of non believer.
It only applies if your wealth reaches nisab so if you donât itâs not compulsory but jizya if a must whether youâre rich or not and zakat isnât even tax is charity and is a pillar of Islam so why r u lying đŹ
@@cupidsnow3885 Muslims dont lie.Poor/disabled/old non-muslims are exempt from jizya, and are entitled for benefit money, just like poor/old/disabled muslims are exempt from zikat and entitled to state benefit money.
â@@AhmedAli-wt2qh Additionally, male non-muslims who serve in the military and any female non-muslims don't have to pay jizya, whereas female and military muslims must pay zakat. You could probably generalise jizya like the equivalent to zakat but only for those men who are at the moment fit enough to serve in the military but don't.
@@cupidsnow3885
The Zakat is compulsory if the Muslim's wealth has reached the Nisab; Zakat also has to be paid for the agricultural products, not only money and gold! Sadaqa is charity Zakat is not! Mulsim women have to pay Zakat while non-muslim women do not have to pay Jizya nor the poor non-mulsims
Would really be interested in seeing this video become the first episode in a series about the life of non-Muslims in the medieval Islamicate World and the roles they had in it
Ooooh love this idea
If I'm not mistaken, non-Abrahamic religion tends to be treated more horrible than Abrahamic religions
@@SiPakRubah Ladies and gentlemen, we call this "cope"
@@cashington5756 Hey at least I don't do the dirty works
Nestorians under the Abbasids would be interesting.
Professor Dean Phillip Bell, who is dean and professor of Jewish history at Spertus Institute of Jewish Studies in Chicago, had similar views in regard to the Jewish treatment at the hands of Muslims,
âJews under medieval Islam never suffered from the same general negative perception as in the Christian West. Despite regional variations and high medieval political instability, in medieval Islam multicultural environments, combined with active engagement in sciences and literature, led to something of an Islamic golden age for the Jews, at least according to most historical accounts. It has been primarily in the context of recent political developments that the once assumed positive views of Jewish life under medieval Islam have been seriously questioned.â
so, what you're saying is, it is once again the fault of the Brits? (lil bit of sarcasm)
Jews were far better off under Arab Muslim rule than in occupied Poland in 1943, but that is just setting the the bar to low it is correct that the golden age of the jewish in Early A.D was under Arab Muslim rule, but that was about 800 years ago. Problem is our cousins are still in 12 century right now, the threat to our present golden age in the 21 century, A.D is the Arab Muslims ironicđ
@@JewishAtheist
Jewish historian, Prof Amnon Cohen, from Hebrew University of Jerusalem studied the 16th century documents stored in the archives of the Shariâah religious court of Jerusalem (commonly known as sijill), whereby he found 1000 Jewish cases filed from the year 1530 to 1601 CE. Cohen published his research in 1994 during which he made some astonishing discoveries, as he himself states:
âCases concerning Jews cover a very wide spectrum of topics. If we bear in mind that the Jews of Jerusalem had their own separate courts, the number of cases brought to Muslim court (which actually meant putting themselves at the mercy of a judge outside the pale of their communal and religious identity) is quite impressive[1]âŚThe Jews went to the Muslim court for a variety of reasons, but the overwhelming fact was their ongoing and almost permanent presence there. This indicates that they went there not only in search of justice, but did so hoping, or rather knowing, that more often than not they would attain redress when wrongedâŚThe Jews went to court to resolve much more than their conflicts with Muslim or Christian neighbours. They turned to Shariâa authorities to seek redress with respect to internal differences, and even in matters within their immediate family (intimate relations between husband and wife, nafaqa maintenance payments to divorcees, support of infants etc.).â[2]
Cohen further elaborates upon the Jewish condition in the 16th century Ottoman Jerusalem:
âTheir possessions were protected, although they might have had to pay for extra protection at night for their houses and commercial properties. Their title deeds and other official documents indicating their rights were honoured when presented to the court, being treated like those of their Muslim neighbours[3]âŚThe picture emerging from the sijill documents is baffling. On the one hand we encounter recurring Sultanic decrees sent to Jerusalem - in response to pleas of the Jews - to the effect that ânothing should be done to stop them from applying their own lawâ regarding a variety of matters. There are also many explicit references to the overriding importance of applying Shariâa law to them only if they so choose. On the other hand, if we look closely at some of the inheritance lists, we see that the local court allocated to female members of Jewish families half the share given to male members, exactly as in Islamic law. This meant, ipso facto, a significant improvement in the status of Jewish women with respect to legacies over that accorded them by Jewish tradition, although it actually meant the application of Islamic law in an internal Jewish context [4]âŚhe [the Muslim Judge] defended Jewish causes jeopardized by high-handed behaviour of local governors; he enabled Jewish business people and craftsmen to lease properties from Muslim endowments on an equal footing with Muslim bidders; more generally, he respected their rituals and places of worship and guarded them against encroachment even when the perpetrators were other Muslim dignitaries.[5]â
And finally Amnon Cohen describes the effectiveness of Islamic law for Jewish interests:
âNo one interfered with their internal organisation or their external cultural and economic activitiesâŚIn a world where civil and political equality, or positive social change affecting the group or even the individual were not the norms, the Sultanâs Jewish subjects had no reason to mourn their status or begrudge their conditions of life. The Jews of Ottoman Jerusalem enjoyed religious and administrative autonomy within an Islamic state, and as a constructive, dynamic element of the local economy and society they could - and actually did - contribute to its functioning.â[6]
[1] Amnon Cohen, A World Within: Jewish Life as Reflected in Muslim Court Documents from the Sijill of Jerusalem (XVIth Century). Part One, 1994, Pennsylvania, p. 8.
[2] Ibid, p. 17.
[3] Ibid, p. 18.
[4] Ibid, p. 20-21.
[5] Ibid, p. 22.
[6] Ibid, p. 22-23.
Did Muslims, ever commit crimes against humanity towards the Jewish people like how it's being done, openly, unashamedly, against the Palestinians today? Never! How could you as Jewish person be an athiest? That's so strange. How could you not believe in The One Cretaor?
@@JewishAtheist
Jewish historian, Prof Amnon Cohen, from Hebrew University of Jerusalem studied the 16th century documents stored in the archives of the Shariâah religious court of Jerusalem (commonly known as sijill), whereby he found 1000 Jewish cases filed from the year 1530 to 1601 CE. Cohen published his research in 1994 during which he made some astonishing discoveries, as he himself states:
âCases concerning Jews cover a very wide spectrum of topics. If we bear in mind that the Jews of Jerusalem had their own separate courts, the number of cases brought to Muslim court (which actually meant putting themselves at the mercy of a judge outside the pale of their communal and religious identity) is quite impressive[1]âŚThe Jews went to the Muslim court for a variety of reasons, but the overwhelming fact was their ongoing and almost permanent presence there. This indicates that they went there not only in search of justice, but did so hoping, or rather knowing, that more often than not they would attain redress when wrongedâŚThe Jews went to court to resolve much more than their conflicts with Muslim or Christian neighbours. They turned to Shariâa authorities to seek redress with respect to internal differences, and even in matters within their immediate family (intimate relations between husband and wife, nafaqa maintenance payments to divorcees, support of infants etc.).â[2]
Cohen further elaborates upon the Jewish condition in the 16th century Ottoman Jerusalem:
âTheir possessions were protected, although they might have had to pay for extra protection at night for their houses and commercial properties. Their title deeds and other official documents indicating their rights were honoured when presented to the court, being treated like those of their Muslim neighbours[3]âŚThe picture emerging from the sijill documents is baffling. On the one hand we encounter recurring Sultanic decrees sent to Jerusalem - in response to pleas of the Jews - to the effect that ânothing should be done to stop them from applying their own lawâ regarding a variety of matters. There are also many explicit references to the overriding importance of applying Shariâa law to them only if they so choose. On the other hand, if we look closely at some of the inheritance lists, we see that the local court allocated to female members of Jewish families half the share given to male members, exactly as in Islamic law. This meant, ipso facto, a significant improvement in the status of Jewish women with respect to legacies over that accorded them by Jewish tradition, although it actually meant the application of Islamic law in an internal Jewish context [4]âŚhe [the Muslim Judge] defended Jewish causes jeopardized by high-handed behaviour of local governors; he enabled Jewish business people and craftsmen to lease properties from Muslim endowments on an equal footing with Muslim bidders; more generally, he respected their rituals and places of worship and guarded them against encroachment even when the perpetrators were other Muslim dignitaries.[5]â
And finally Amnon Cohen describes the effectiveness of Islamic law for Jewish interests:
âNo one interfered with their internal organisation or their external cultural and economic activitiesâŚIn a world where civil and political equality, or positive social change affecting the group or even the individual were not the norms, the Sultanâs Jewish subjects had no reason to mourn their status or begrudge their conditions of life. The Jews of Ottoman Jerusalem enjoyed religious and administrative autonomy within an Islamic state, and as a constructive, dynamic element of the local economy and society they could - and actually did - contribute to its functioning.â[6]
[1] Amnon Cohen, A World Within: Jewish Life as Reflected in Muslim Court Documents from the Sijill of Jerusalem (XVIth Century). Part One, 1994, Pennsylvania, p. 8.
[2] Ibid, p. 17.
[3] Ibid, p. 18.
[4] Ibid, p. 20-21.
[5] Ibid, p. 22.
[6] Ibid, p. 22-23.
@@JewishAtheist "in 1976, Israel invited the South African prime minister, John Vorster - a former Nazi sympathiser and a commander of the fascist Ossewabrandwag that sided with Hitler - to make a state visit........Few months later the South African government's yearbook characterised the two countries as confronting a single problem: "Israel and South Africa have one thing above all else in common: they are both situated in a predominantly hostile world inhabited by dark peoples."
Guardian News, Tue 7 Feb 2006 "brothers in arms - israel's secret pact with Pretoria
Excellent video. The early Caliphate is an underappreciated time in Middle Eastern history.
Our use of phrase âThe Dark agesâ to cover the period from 699 to 1,000 marks our undue concentration on Western Europe⌠From India to Spain, the brilliant civilization of Islam flourished. What was lost to christendom at this time was not lost to civilization, but quite the contrary⌠To us it seems that West-European civilization is civilization, but this is a narrow view.
Bertrand Russell in âHistory of Western Philosophy,â London, 1948, p. 419.
Only in western culture.
â@@ShoreshFathiDid you watch the video?
maybe it's because it is not liked or perhaps hated by a lot of people an that's why it's not paid enough attention to
What dark age? There was a renassa7during Charlemagne reign and then under the ottonians, all before the year 1000â@@md.muzahidulislamsamrat8037
I find eras of diversity and peaceful coexistence among the most interesting historical episodes. There's something to be learned there.
I don't find this era as one of co-exstines, jews where'nt living as equals. Just because it was better then Christians Europe don't mean it was good
@@nav_101 The Jizya was in return of being exempt from joining the army, whereas Muslims are never exempt. This tax is not for the sake of being non Muslim.
ââ@@idanpreuss4012Doesnt mean it was bad either (relative to the time). Actually it was much better than what was in Christian european society. And what u mean by good is highly contextual, i.e. these were the times of slavery throughout the world.
@@nav_101 non muslims pay jizya, while muslims pay their own "tax" such as zakat.
that is why they reached the golden age . truly fascinating period . tollerance is the key đđđť
Note: Dhimmi doesn't mean second class citizens.. the word dhimmi comes from the messenger and indicates the native people who inhabited the lands before the islamic conquest, they live under islamic rule and have their own laws and courts and culture.. dhimmi boys don't have to join the muslim army when they reach adulthood, they could pay a fee to not get conscripted like the muslims, this fee was called jizya and muslim historians say it was about 1.5 of annual income as opposed to 2.5 for the zakat which the muslims have to pay and still fight in the army..
There was one case in which the muslim army has failed to protect a city from an enemy which was too strong so the muslim leader returned the jizya to the dhimmis who paid it
I am very interested in the last part of your comment. Do you have a name of the king that returned the dhimmis jizya by any chance, or any other identifiable information about the incident?
â@@Alborzhakimi7010 I think it was in alAndalus or Islamic Spain during catholic Conquest of Spain they gave the jizya back most of them returned to Maghreb region modern day morocco , Libya, Algeria and also jews decided to go with Muslims to Maghreb that's why before creation of Israel Morocco had the biggest Jewish diaspora anywhere else in world
Agreed â¤â¤
1.5% of taxable wealthâŚif only taxes were like that todayđĽš
It's not annual income. It's savings. Income was not taxed. Only if you had savings beyond a certain threshold. Also, it's worth noting that women, children, and the elderly did not have to pay jizya. Only able bodied military aged men who could afford it. And it wasn't 1.5%. It ranges between 1-4 gold coin per year depending on what is agreed upon with the leaders of the communities. Zakat was paid by every Muslim adult (puberty) and had wealth beyond a certain threshold.
One of the best video. No Biased, no religion or political related. Just pure history.
I agree.
This is my favourite channel. The choice of words are 10/10. Whoever writes the script has my respect to the fullest
Great video! I found it very informative. Keep up the good work.
Next: Jewish Life in Ptolemaic Kingdom.
Good idea!
Hmmm. You're thinking of the Hellenized Jews, no?
Yes please!!
Jewish Life in Tsarist Russia
Jewish life in the 3rd riche
Very informative!!
Thank you K&G.
This video is truly an eye opener. I like the way things are viewed objectively and stating the facts as they are with no prejudices. All of that coupled with awesome animations you guys deserve greater due credit than what was given . Thank you for this awesome video.
Jews were far better off under Arab Muslim rule than in occupied Poland in 1943, but that is just setting the the bar to low it is correct that the golden age of the jewish in Early A.D was under Arab Muslim rule, but that was about 800 years ago. Problem is our cousins are still in 12 century right now, the threat to our present golden age in the 21 century, A.D is the Arab Muslims ironicđ
@@JewishAtheistyou mean the threat to jewish people is Zionism and Israel who betrayed all core values if Judaism and is became this cult of massacre bombing death and destruction
@@JewishAtheist Absolutely insane that Zionists can carry out the most brutal genocide of the 21st century, and still somehow in their delusional worldview claim to be under threat. You are the threat.
The threat of arab muslims isn't on jews though,of course there is antisemitism and of course it's more than even but the main problem forever was israel and zionism â@@JewishAtheist
You're a clown ngl, imagine the nonsense by claiming Muslims are in the 12th century. How have Muslims been treated by Jews? Compare how you treat Muslims to how you were treated and it's miles apart. Fact is, we don't owe you anything, the only reason why Muslims treated you well is because it's a command from Allah and His Prophet.
Don't think of yourself too big
concise and informative video, well done as always guys!
The the scope, and variety of sources. Thank you for sharing!
Thank you for educating me on the ancient world. Especially concerning the milieu of the major religions. The variants within these religions is nothing less than fascinating.
they lied through their teeth and left out entire segments of islamic history.
you think the jews fled to europe from the levant because islam was kind to them?
people who educate themselves with this drek on islam play pretend and claim its a peaceful religion.
So much propaganda..jizya taxe in Islamic shariah law is Not to be payed by women children blind..but men able to carry weapons and by the way it's far less than the zakat taxe that rich enough Muslims have to pay
Professor Dean Phillip Bell, who is dean and professor of Jewish history at Spertus Institute of Jewish Studies in Chicago, had similar views in regard to the Jewish treatment at the hands of Muslims,
âJews under medieval Islam never suffered from the same general negative perception as in the Christian West. Despite regional variations and high medieval political instability, in medieval Islam multicultural environments, combined with active engagement in sciences and literature, led to something of an Islamic golden age for the Jews, at least according to most historical accounts. It has been primarily in the context of recent political developments that the once assumed positive views of Jewish life under medieval Islam have been seriously questioned.â
âSure there were definitely examples of atrocities committed by Muslims during this era. However, these are isolated examples and serve as exceptions that prove the rule that Islamic civilization was generally tolerant of religious minorities. As for slavery, again, there were examples of horrific treatment, but by and large slaves in the Islamic world were treated better than your average peasant in Europe. Contrast this to Europe's ascendancy; I think you'd be hard pressed to find a major power that didn't engage in deception, treachery, and wholesale genocide when it suited their aims.
Ottoman the last Islamic Caliphate was dismantled just 100 years ago, its not really as ancient as one might think. Caliphate was there for 1200 much of its existence is not ancient.
I wanted to mention that the diffinition of dhimmi isn't what you said it's not a second class citizen there's no classification of citizens in Islam nor in the early caliphates, dhimmis are protected persons that have less obligations than muslims, pay less than muslims, they pay jizya which is a fix tax while muslims pay zakat which is 2.5% tax and all these jizya and zakat isn't for poor people or even for middle class, they are for rich people who have the "nisab" which means an amount of stocked 85 grams of pure gold unused for one year which is something big at that time (even now), the dhimmis aren't forced to be in the army, can have their court if they want to rule with their laws, can practice everything, the only obligation is to be loyal to the state, and this is why the early caliphates succed to earn peoples hearts which explains the fast islamic growth.
O11.4: The Non-Muslim Poll Tax The minimum non-Muslim poll tax is one dinar (n: 4.235 grams of gold) per person (A: per year). The maximum is whatever both sides agree upon.
Reliance of the Traveller
23.13 Jizya
23.13d Its amount
For people who use gold the jizya is four dinars and for people who use silver it is forty dirhams
This applies to people conquered by force who are people of the unbelievers whose lands have taken by force. It is like that for the people of truce who are unbelievers who protected their land by making peace in exchange for something which they paid of their property. If something particular is determined from them, it is taken, be it little or a lot.
The Risala
Our school insists upon the payment of poll-tax by sickly persons, old men, even if dĂŠcrĂŠpit, blind men, monks, workmen, and poor persons incapable of exercising a trade. As to persons who are found to be insolvent at the end of the year, the amount of the tax remains due from them until they become solvent again.
Minhaj et-Taliban
⌠capitation-tax is a sort of punishment inflicted upon infidels for their obstinacy in infidelity, (as was before stated;) whence it is that it cannot be accepted of the infidel if he send it by the hands of a messenger, but must be exacted in a mortifying and humiliating manner, by the collector sitting and receiving it from him in a standing posture : (according to one tradition, the collector is to seize him by the throat, and shake him, saying, âPay your tax, Zimmee!) - It is therefore evident that capitation-tax is a punishment; and where two punishments come together, they are compounded, in the same manner as in Hidd, or stated punishment. Secondly, capitation-tax is a substitute for destruction in respect to the infidels, and a substitute for personal aid in respect to the Muslims, (as was before observed;) - but it is a substitute for destruction with regard to the future, not with regard to the past, because infidels are liable to be put to death only in future, in consequence of future war, and not in the past. In the same manner, it is also a substitute and in the pastâŚ
AL-HEDAYA Vol. II
(Infidels may be attacked without provocation).
The destruction of the sword is incurred by infidels, although they be not the first aggressors, as appears from various passages in the sacred writings which are generally received to this effect.
AL-HEDAYA Vol. II
âŚcapitation-tax is due only in lieu of destruction⌠That is to say, is imposed as a return from the mercy and forbearance shown by the Muslims, and as a substitute for that destruction which is due upon infidels.
3997 AL-HEDAYA Vol. II
â@@tar-elenionmaranwe1275
The Quran and the Sunnah take precedent over the book you cited, and they're crystal clear regarding violence towards non-Muslims:
THE QURAN ON LIMITS TO FIGHTING NON-MUSLIMS:
"Fight in the cause of Allah ËšonlyËş against those who wage war against you, but do not exceed the limits. Allah does not like transgressors."
2:190
"If the enemy is inclined towards peace, make peace with them. And put your trust in Allah. Indeed, He ËšaloneËş is the All-Hearing, All-Knowing."
8:61
THE QURAN AND HADITH ON NON-MUSLIMS WHO HONOUR THEIR TREATIES TOWARDS THE UMMAH:
"As for the polytheists who have honoured every term of their treaty with you and have not supported an enemy against you, honour your treaty with them until the end of its term. Surely Allah loves those who are mindful Ëšof HimËş."
9:4
- Safwan bin Sulaim narrated from a number of the sons of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, from their fathers, that the Messenger of Allah said: "If anyone wrongs a Mu 'ahid (a non-Muslim who has a treaty or covenant of the Muslims), detracts from his rights, burdens him with more work than he is able to do, or takes something from him without his consent, I will plead for him (the Mu'ahid) on the Day of Resurrection."
Sahih Abu Dawud 3052
- Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Amr: The Prophet  said, "Whoever killed a Mu'ahid shall not smell the fragrance of Paradise though its fragrance can be smelt at a distance of forty years (of traveling)."
Sahih Al-Bukhari 6914
THE JIZYA TREATED AS A TREATY OF PROTECTION BY THE PROPHET'S CLOSEST COMPANIONS:
"Although several versions of Khalid's (The Prophet's companion and a general of the early Caliphate's army) treaty were recorded in the early Muslim and Christian sources, they generally concur that the inhabitants' lives, properties and churches were to be safeguarded, in return for their payment of the jizya (poll tax)."
Zein, Ibrahim; El-Wakil, Ahmed (2020).
"Upon Umar's (The Prophet's close friend and second rightly guided Caliph) arrival in Jerusalem, a pact was composed, known as the Umar's Assurance or the Umariyya Covenant. It surrendered the city and gave guarantees of civil and religious liberty to Christians in exchange for the payment of jizya tax."
Gil 1997, p. 54
'After Abu ĘżUbaydah (Early companion of the Prophet and commander of the Muslim army in Syria under Umar) concluded a peace treaty with the people of Syria and had collected from them the jizya and the tax for agrarian land (kharÄj), he was informed that the Romans were readying for battle against him and that the situation had become critical for him and the Muslims. Abu ĘżUbaydah then wrote to the governors of the cities with whom pacts had been concluded that they must return the sums collected from jizya and kharÄj and say to their subjects: "We return to you your money because we have been informed that troops are being raised against us. In our agreement you stipulated that we protect you, but we are unable to do so. Therefore, we now return to you what we have taken from you, and we will abide by the stipulation and what has been written down, if God grants us victory over them."'
Shaltut 2013, pp. 428-9.
I hope this has cleared up some of your misconceptions.
Yo pin this
@@ultrablade0469 Evidence for what? I quoted from books of fiqh.
@@tar-elenionmaranwe1275 I'm asking you to post evidence from the Holy Quran and Hadith, not all Muslims follow the same fikh category, this is a book used in Hanafi fikh, clearly you didn't know rhat
I always found really interesting the Islamic golden age, it is to say they were more pragmatic at the time
The problem isnât about islam trust me. Middle east is a very ignorant place now so it doesnât matter if you are a muslim or atheist or whatever. Ignorant people are ignorants
it was both, religion and science co-existing, pragmatisim wasnt the main focus but rather knowledge and applying islamic jurisprudence
Modern Muslims are weak, divided, leaderless, and ignorant. I don't know when this will end.
i would say today's Islamic world is shaped by reaction to european colonialism and the most important issue, Israel is a product of european colonialism.
Brilliant presentation. I was looking to learn about this relationship but could not find information that was not diluted with bias. Thank you. My membership is a good investment. Keep up the good work. Love your channel.
Bro why did you post this here?
This is an epic comment, post it in the pinned comments section
@@mznxbcv12345
What a great video! I learnt a lot from it. Please keep releasing videos like this one
Very interesting video. Btw, the Almohads and the Al Muwaheedun as they call themselves were an extreme group in Al Andalus and Morocco and were refuted by many muslim scholars... You should also do a documentary on jewish history in europe.
The Almohads were Muslims after all. Thanks to them al-Andalus could have survived an additional 300 years. And actually science and scholarship in al-Andalus and Morocco knew a golden age during their rule. It was during their rule that scholars like Averroes and Avempace appeared.
@@Walid-gm2nsnot necessarily true. Almoravids who started in Mauritania conquered Morocco and then were asked to help Muslims in Spain which they did leading to the rise of their caliphate. Almoravids were not extreme however it was the Almohad thatâs were. The Almohads believed their leader was divine and referred to him as the Mahdi. Abdul mumin al kumi the first caliph of the Almohads from tlemcen Algeria established the empire and went on a aggressive campaign defeating the Almoravids and taking andaulsia by force. Al andaulsia had their own emirates and taifa so andaulsia golden age is due to emirates and the ummayads and Abbasids
@@themuslimalgerian386 the Almoravid conquest of Morocco was nothing more than a military one. The very beginning of the Almoravid Malikite movement was in Morocco with scholars like Ibn Yasin and Waggag, thanks to them the Malikite movement could have reached the tribes of the Sahara (in what we call Mauritania today). As for the Almohad doctrine, that was another religious movement that began in Morocco with Ibn Tumart, it's true many scholars saw it as a wrong doctrine, however you should know that Ibn Tumart actually based his ideas on many great scholars like al-Ghazali whom the Almoravids refused his ideas. As for the Mu'minid Almhad dynasty, they were known as successors of the Moroccan Ibn Tumart, all their battles/campaigns were in the name of the Almohad doctrine of Ibn Tumart, which means he was a really a holy person not only in the Almohad empire, but also in the Hafsid kingdom in Tunisia. Finally, yes, al-Andalus knew a golden age during The reign of Moroccan dynasties especially the Almohad one since many scholars like Ibn Rushd, Ibn Tufayl, Ibn Bajah were working for the Almohad sultans in Marrakesh, Fes, Cordoba and Seville. Other cities in the central maghreb such as Bijaya also knew a golden age, it was in Almohad Bijaya that Fibonacci learnt Indo-Arabic numbers that we are using today.
There was no Mauritania dear, and the founder of Mauravids is Abdulah ben Yassin was from Souss Morocco, and their capital was in Marrakech "Morocco", no conqueror put his Capital in the conquered land between foes, Mauravuds were from the same tribe as Moroccans "Sanhajids'.â@themuslimalgerian386
@@Walid-gm2ns Yes. But these individuals (Ibn Rushd, Al Zahiri, etc.) appeared in the late Almohad period - when the Almohads had lost their ideological vigour. The fact remains that the early Almohads were violent heretics that mass executed or deported Christians, Jews, and any Muslim that didn't accept their founder (Ibn Tumart) as the messiah.
This video provides a fascinating and in-depth look into the lives of Jews during the early Caliphate, shedding light on a lesser-known aspect of history. The exploration of religious coexistence and cultural exchange is both enlightening and thought-provoking. A must-watch for anyone interested in understanding the complexities of religious history. đŽđł
1900-1948
1. 1901-1902: 3rd Cairo massacre, Ottoman Egypt
2. 1901-1907: 4th Alexandria massacres, Ottoman Egypt
3. 1903: 1st Port Said massacres, Ottoman Egypt
4. 1903-1940: Pogroms of Taza and Settat, Morocco
5. 1904: massacre of Jews in Yemen
6. 1907: Casablanca, pogrom, Morocco
7. 1908: 2nd Port Said massacre, Ottoman Egypt
8. 1909: comment from the British vice-consul of Mosul: âThe attitude of Muslims towards Christians and Jews is that of a master towards his slaves.â
9. 1910: blood libel of Shiraz
10. 1911: Shiraz pogrom
11. 1912: 4th Fez, Pogrom, Morocco
12. 1914: expulsion of Jews from Palestine old enough to bear arms by the Ottomans
13. 1917: Jewish Inquisition of Baghdadi, Ottoman Empire
14. 1918-1948: adoption of a law prohibiting the raising of a Jewish orphan, Yemen
15. 1920: Irbid massacres: British mandate in Palestine
16. 1920-1930: Arab riots, British Mandate Palestine
17. 1921: 1st Jaffa riots, British Mandate Palestine
18. 1922: Massacres of Djerba, Tunisia
19. 1922: law of forced conversion of orphans in Yemen, concerning Jews including as adults
20. 1927: 60 Jews killed by Arabs in the Mellah of Casablanca Morocco
21. 1928: Massacres of Ikhwan, in Egypt and under British mandate in Palestine.
22. 1928: Jewish orphans sold into slavery and forced to convert to Islam by the Muslim Brotherhood, Yemen
23. 1929: anti-Jewish riots, British mandate: in August 1929, the Jews demanded the construction of the Western Wall; pogroms in Jerusalem, Hebron, Safed. To stop the violence, the British reject this request
24. 1929: 3rd Hebron Pogrom under British Mandate Palestine.
25. 1929 3e pogrom de Safed, mandate britannique Palestine.
26. 1933: 2nd Jaffa riots, British mandate in Palestine.
27. 1934: Anti-Jewish pogrom in Constantine Algeria. 200 Jewish stores were raided, the total material damage was estimated at more than 150 million francs. It also sent a quarter of Constantineâs Jewish population into poverty.
28. 1934: Pogroms in Thrace, TĂźrkiye
29. 1934: 1st massacres in Farhud, Iraq
30. 1936: 3rd Jaffa riots, British Mandate Palestine
31. 1936: 2e massacre of Farhud, Irak
32. 1938: boycott of Jews in Egypt
33. 1939: discovery of 3 bombs in synagogues in Cairo
34. 1941 : 3e massacre de Farhud, Iraq
35. 1941: persecution of Jews in Libya
36. 1941: massacre of Jews in Baghdad, with the support of the authorities: approx. 170 dead
37. 1942: collaboration of the mufti with the Nazis. Plays a role in the final solution
38. 1942: Struma disaster, TĂźrkiye
39. 1942: Nile Delta pogroms, Egypt
40. 1938-1945: Arab collaboration with the Nazis
41. 1942: discriminatory tax law of Varlik Vergisi in Turkey against Jews and Christians
42. 1942: looting of Jewish property in Benghazi and deportation to the desert
43. 1944: attack on the Jewish quarter of Damascus
44. 1945: anti-Jewish and anti-Christian riots in Egypt; churches and synagogues destroyed
45. 1945: 4th Cairo massacre, Egypt
46. 1945: Pogrom of Tripoli, Libya
47. 1947: segregation measures against Jews in Egypt
48. 1947: pogrom in Libya; approx. 130 dead
49. 1947 : Pogroms dâAden au Yemen
50. 1947: 3rd pogrom dâAlep, Syrie
51. 1948: âemptyingâ of the Jewish quarter of Damascus, Syria
1800-1899
1. 1800: new decree adopted in Yemen, prohibiting Jews from wearing new or good clothes. Jews were forbidden to ride mules or donkeys, and were sometimes rounded up for long, naked marches through the Roob al Khali desert.
2. 1805: 1st pogrom in Ottoman Algeria against the Jews of Algiers after a famine. Frenchconsul Dubois-Thainville saves 200 Jews by sheltering them in his consulate.
3. 1805: exile of Jews from Algiers to Tunis and Livorno
4. 1805, the leader of the Jewish Nation of Algiers, Naphthalie Busnach, is killed while riots ravage the neighborhoods.
5. 1806: expulsion by fatwa of the Jews of Sali in Morocco
6. 1806: ban on Moroccan Jews wearing Western clothing
7. 1806: the janissaries of the dey of Algiers massacre and pillage in the Jewish quarter
8. 1807: expulsion of Jews from Tetouan
9. 1808: 1st massacres in the Mellah ghetto, North Africa
10. 1815, the chief rabbi of Algiers, Isaac Aboulker, is beheaded during a riot.
11. 1815: the Jews of Algiers are forced to fight against an invasion of locusts
12. 1815: 2nd pogrom of Algiers, Ottoman Algeria
13. 1816: in Algeria, ban on carrying weapons for Jews and Christians
14. 1820: Massacres of Sahalu Lobiant, Ottoman Syria
15. 1828 : pogrom de Baghdad, Iraq ottoman
16. 1830: 3rd pogrom of Algeria, Ottoman Algeria
17. 1830: start of the persecution of Jews in Persia, caused by the Russian advance in the Caucasus
18. 1830: ethnic cleansing of Jews in Tabriz, Iran
19. 1834: 2nd pogrom of Hebron, Ottoman Palestine
20. 1834 : Pogrom de Safed, Palestine ottomane
21. 1838: Druze attack in Safed, Ottoman Palestine
22. 1839: Massacre of the Mashadi Jews, Iran
23. 1839: forced conversion of surviving Jews from Mashadi
24. 1839: campaign of forced conversions of Iranian Jews
25. 1840: persecution of the Jews of Damascus; ritual murder case
26. 1840: forced conversion of the Jews of Mashadi
27. 1841: massive murders of Jews in Morocco; the sultan is obliged to consider the Jews as his personal property, which helps to protect them
28. 1840: Damascus, ritual murders (French Muslims and Christians kidnapped, tortured and killed Jewish children for entertainment), Ottoman Syria
29. 1844: 1st Cairo massacre, Ottoman Egypt
30. 1847: Dayr al-Qamar Pogrom, Liban ottoman
31. 1847: ethnic cleansing of Jews in Jerusalem, Ottoman Palestine
32. 1848: 1st pogrom of Damascus, Syria
33. 1848: total disappearance of the Jews of Mashhad
34. 1850: 1st pogrom of Aleppo, Ottoman Syria
35. 1854: anti-Jewish pogrom in Demnate, Morocco
36. 1857: beheading in Tunis of the Jewish coachman Batou Sfez, accused of blasphemy, while he was drunk
37. 1860: 2nd pogrom of Damascus, Ottoman Syria
38. 1862: 1st pogrom of Beirut, Ottoman Lebanon
39. 1866 : pogrom at Kuzguncuk, Turquie Ottomane
40. 1867: Barfurush massacre, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
41. 1868: Eyub Pogrom, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
42. 1869: Massacre of Tunis, Ottoman Tunisia
43. 1869: Massacre of Sfax, Ottoman Tunisia
44. 1864-1880: Marrakech massacre, Morocco
45. 1870: 2nd Alexandria massacres, Ottoman Egypt
46. 1870: 1st pogrom in Istanbul, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
47. 1871: 1st Damanhur massacres, Ottoman Egypt
48. 1872: Massacres in Edirne, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
49. 1872: 1st pogrom of Izmir, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
50. 1873: 2nd massacre of Damanhur, Ottoman Egypt
51. 1874: 2nd pogrom of Izmir, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
52. 1874: 2nd pogrom of Istanbul, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
53. 1874: 2nd pogrom of Beirut, Ottoman Lebanon
54. 1875: 2 pogroms in Aleppo, Ottoman Syria
55. 1875: Massacre on the island of Djerba, Ottoman Tunisia
56. 1877 : 3e massacre de Damanhur, Egypte ottomane
57. 1877: Pogrom of Mansura, Ottoman Egypt
58. 1882: Massacre of Homs, Ottoman Syria
59. 1882: 3rd massacre of Alexandria, Ottoman Egypt
60. 1889: after the funeral of a rabbi, deemed too discreet, the Jewish cemetery of Baghdad was confiscated
61. 1889: looting of the Jewish quarter of Baghdad
62. 1890: 2nd Cairo massacre, Ottoman Egypt
63. 1890, 3e pogrom de Damas, Syrie ottomane
64. 1891: 4th massacre of Damanahur, Ottoman Egypt
65. 1897: murders in Tripoli, Ottoman Libya
66. 1890: Massacres of Tunis, Ottoman Tunisia
1700-1799
1. 1700: massacre of Jews in Yemen
2. 1747 : Massacres de Mashhad, Iran
3. 1758: executions of a Jew and an Armenian in Constantinople for violation of the legislation on the clothing of infidels
4. 1770: expulsion of Jews from Jeddah in Arabia
5. 1785 : Tripoli Porom, Libya ottomane
6. 1790-92: Pogrom of Tetouan. Morocco (Jews of Tetouan undressed and lined up)
7. 1790: destruction of most of the Jewish communities in Morocco
1600-1699
1. 1604: start of a period of famine, violence and forced conversions of the Jewish population of Fez: 2000 conversions in 2 years
2. 1608: persecution for two years of the Jews of Taroudat by the Berbers
3. 1622: forced conversion of the Jews of Persia
4. 1630-1700: Yemenite Jews were considered âimpureâ and therefore forbidden to touch a Muslim or a Muslimâs food. They were obliged to humble themselves before a Muslim, walk on the left side and greet him first. They could not build houses taller than those of a Muslim or ride a camel or horse, and when riding a mule or donkey, they had to sit on the side. When entering the Muslim quarter, a Jew had to take off his shoes and walk barefoot. If attacked with stones or fists by Muslim youths, a Jew was not allowed to defend himself.
5. 1650: Jews from Tunisia are deported to special neighborhoods called âharaâ
6. 1650: forced conversion of the Jews of Persia, under Shah Abbas II
7. 1656: Jews expelled from Isfahan in Iran
8. 1660: 2 pogroms in Safed and Tiberias, Ottoman Palestine
9. 1670: Expulsion of Mawza, Yemen
10. 1676: expulsion of Jews from Sanaa in Yemen
11. 1678: forced conversion of Jews in Yemen
12. 1679-1680: Sanaa massacres, Yemen
1500-1599
1. 1516: Algerian Jews receive the official status of dhimmi from the Ottomans; certain colors are forbidden to them (red and green); they are not allowed to ride horses or carry weapons; they must pay the discriminatory tax; their representative is ritually slapped during the delivery of tribute to the authorities
2. 1517: 1st pogrom in Safed, Ottoman Palestine
3. 1517: 1st pogrom of Hebron, Ottoman Palestine
4. Massacre of Marsa ibn Ghazi, Ottoman Libya
5. 1521: expulsion of Jews from Belgrade by the Ottomans
6. 1524: expulsion of Jews from Buda in Hungary by the Ottomans
7. 1535: pogrom then expulsion of Jews from Tunisia
8. 1554: looting and persecution against the Jewish population of Marrakech by the Turks who took the city
9. 1574: civil war in Morocco between three claimants; Jews are victims of all camps
10. 1577: Passover massacre, Ottoman Empire
11. 1588-1629 : pogroms of Mahalay
@@MehWhatever99did you just not research the 1700 1600 and 1500s and was there really that few massacres because that means two very different things
â@@MehWhatever99you are ashamed of your history
That's why to minimise the guilt you are trying to say that other are just same as you while there is a empirical difference in your conduct
â@MehWhatever99 good job Israel is equally immoral as a medieval kingdoms. What an achievement
@@lotcam4046 the list is to show there was no peace for Jews in the Arab world, even before Israel and Zionism. But if you like to start the date o the conflict at the time the Jews started to RESIST, I guess that shows your bias.
We are facing ignorance and racism in twitter about this matter in particular.. I'm going to be using your videos and sharing them to people to be educated!! Thank you!! Your efforts are much appreciated and very much needed!
this was such a great video and thank you for covering this topic I think the world needed it at this time
I am so incredibly thankful for channels your team produces. Just today i was wiki-crawling early Judaism and I come to find your team has as already made quality content on just the topic I wanted to dive into today. It was a strangely elating moment where i realized just how much I love history and appreciate the work you guys do. I've been watching for years, but today I think i'll finally hit the join button
Thank you for the history lessons. These videos always inspire me to look into something that I might not look into if I was not informed about it.
they missed an awful lot out that doesnt fit in with their world outlook,slavery across europe and africa,genocide in the turkish empire against jew and christian,armenians being but one example,its a whitewash,do some of your own research,the 2 nd wave of conquest into spain and portugal,right wing religious lunatics,nothing unusual about that.they actually fought christians and sometimes berber muslims who wernt right wing enough.if your american read upon what your country was forced to do.build warships for them as part of the payment to avoid US shipping from being attacked.
Amazing video, you put so much work into your content đ
As usual, it is a great piece of work by my favorite history channel , kings and generals ..
Thanks for this Knowledgeable and Valuable content đâ¤ď¸
I like that you emphasized that ppl got along cause itâs just easier to share eachother lives.
Soon the world learns 80% of people are just people... However beforehand much suffering and death will be cast over earth by the 20% who literally rather die than work to live let alone help other's live. Unfortunately the world's leaders are almost entirely made up of that 20% .
In my world view, religions have never been as major a factor in most people's lives as we're regularily taught. Throughout history, people are mostly just being people, for better or for worse!
@@Mikebumpful well yes they were, it changes your lives completely. See day to day life of average muslim and day to day life of average pagan arab
@@Aksarallah As this new religion was built on the existing religions and cultures of the region, it was not a night and day difference. If it had been too radical, it would not have gained ground the way it did. .
@@Mikebumpful well then you should read a bit history on Islam then. When Islam was introduced in Arabia the small number of followers were tortured and murdered and forced to leave their town along with Prophet Muhammed pbuh.
Why? Because it was too radical. The natives worshipped stones, commited child sacrifice, was heavily alcoholic and much worse.
Islam banned all those and turned middle east into Islamic from an age of ignorance.
Happy New Year, to the entire kings and Generalâs team. And as usual another good video from you guys.
3:07 - As for Yom Kippur, we didn't celebrate it the way the Jews did per se, but we fasted for that day (and the next) because of many significant events having happened on that day even before Prophet Musa as saved his nation.
Regardless, a very good video.
I just knew that Yom kippur are celebration of event happened in the first month of Hijr calendar (Muharram) in Islam, thank you .n
The fasting on 10th Muharram is only because of the crossing of Red Sea. All the hadiths mention only that reason.
hmmm,much curious since fasting introduced in Al-Quran and i have different views on it
1.maybe because desert lands produce less foods and started fasting program
2.maybe because introduction of islam rules.
3.maybe because of some famines
@@greenedleaf2481 Fasting is practiced since the time of Abraham, hence why its also isnt specific to Muslim or Islam, even Buddha also practice fasting. It have nothing to do with famine, but of course at the time there were social gap between the elite class and the lower class of Quraisy tribe. At one side people have foods in abundance, but many also still lack of food. Its a form of self restrain to show obediance towards God commands, when there is less calories intake than there will be less energy to commit sin
@@musavvirmahmud8432 You are right that this was how it started by our Prophet . What I meant is that the day of Ashura has a lot more history too.
Great video and great time to post it
- "Dhimmi means a second class citizen".
- "A Dhimmi was a prime-minister".
Am I the only one who sees a contradiction in these statements?
The word "Dhimmi" doesn't mean "a second class citizen". It means "A protected [citizen]". The word "Dhimma" means "responsibility". The Muslims called non-Muslim this term "Dhimmi" to express a Muslim's responsibility to protect his fellow citizen who is a non-Muslim. And Muslims had their own obligatory taxes. and the Jizya tax the Dhimmis paid was in exchange for services (Providing protection and Muslim guards for their communities, and being exempted from military service) and the tax was given back to them in case the government failed to provide those services. Also, women, children, elderly, monks, the handicapped and the poor were exempted from paying it. Dhimmis who chose to join military service were also exempted from payment.
True, they just want any excuse to make Muslims look oppressors and vile, although history crushes such claims
đđđ
They can't find anything else to hide the Islamic tolerance, so they use perfectly legal terms ambiguosly to try and show some negative, dhimmi literally and legally means 'people under protection/responsibility of the state' and they can neither be harmed extra-judicially like CIA does routinely, nor are dhimmi forced to join the army to fight and die like Blacks/Poor people had to endure under US regimes, nor do dhimmi have to use Islamic courts, they can have their own courts and legal systems for their personal/family law unlike Liberal states where everyone is forced to follow the legal and 'shariah' of the liberal state, the state 'religion' is literally secularism and liberalism forced upon everyone even if they do not believe in these hollow concepts and ideologies of secularism or liberalism.
@@mugen7819 kings and generals is generally biased against islam
Dhmmis had to pay Jizya but Muslims had to pay zakat. The Jizya was only for able-bodied men but zakat was for anyone that was not poor.
â@@maverick7291zakat is a minimum of 2.5% no matter what. Usually 5%
Lol shows your ignoranceâ@@maverick7291
@@maverick7291 zakat and jizya aren't 1 to 1 comparisons, it's mentioned to show that Muslims still have to pay tax, and I clarified the rate. What IS the equivalent of Jizya for Disbelievers is military service for Muslims, which they have to do and disbelievers do not, in exchange for paying Jizya (they get extra benefits from that too, such as total protection by the state)
@@maverick7291 yeah, that doesn't really hold up when you realise that Jews literally fled Christian lands to settle in Muslim lands LOL. If they were so oppressed, Salonika in Ottoman Greece wouldn't have been the world's only Jewish majority city for centuries (hint: it has something to do with Europeans expelling them all). Not to mention how the Jewish Golden Age occured in Andalusia, and how Muslim rule in formerly Byzantine held lands reduced oppression towards Christian sects like Monophysites.
â@@maverick7291 people who rejected to pay zakat were considered apostates... Even a military expedition was led against those who rejected zakat.
Beautiful video and knowledge â¤ď¸
Thank you for sharing your knowledge.
One thing they you missed. Muslims indeed were exempt from the "jizyah" tax that was for non-Muslim, but also the muslims had a forced tax they must pay, which is "zakat." So they were both being taxed. Zakat tax majority of the time cost more than jizyah.
Not to forget the non Muslims exemption for military jihad when they were needed to, and that jizyah is paid only for men's children and women were exempted from time and that the caliphate used the money to provide security caring and infrastructures development which is beneficial for all its citizen
Excellent as always, thank you K&G!
I have been following you gents from the very beginning. I just wish your followers could have formed into a community where history lovers could discuss events that occurred many years ago. Instead I see people puking hate upon each other which pains me, as if today's people are responsible for the acts of their ancestors. Can't we just educate each other to understand why things are as they are (or were) instead of strengthening hate based on today's political views? I must be too idealistic to expect such a thing on today's internet.
Thanks again for the great work ! Wish you all a great 2024 :)
All the rich knowledge aside, I am astonished by the constantly updated many many maps. At every given point in time being discussed, the maps reflect all the different empires and kingdoms that simultaneously ruled and existed. This broad image helped me put a lot of things into perspectiveâŚThings and events you only normally think of in isolation, simply because this is how history is taught.
Massive kudos to the team!
as a religious Jew myself, this makes perfect sense, we are much closer (religious wise) to Muslims than christens, but our modern values and ideologies are closer to christens / the west
Shalom. Ashkenazis have a more Christian like ideology and values due to their development alongside Europeans I believe.
Current European values ââare debauchery and sodomy. If I were you, I wouldn't be proud of the fact that Jews share common values ââwith Europe. For a religious Jew this should be an insult. But non-religious Jews should not exist
1900-1948
1. 1901-1902: 3rd Cairo massacre, Ottoman Egypt
2. 1901-1907: 4th Alexandria massacres, Ottoman Egypt
3. 1903: 1st Port Said massacres, Ottoman Egypt
4. 1903-1940: Pogroms of Taza and Settat, Morocco
5. 1904: massacre of Jews in Yemen
6. 1907: Casablanca, pogrom, Morocco
7. 1908: 2nd Port Said massacre, Ottoman Egypt
8. 1909: comment from the British vice-consul of Mosul: âThe attitude of Muslims towards Christians and Jews is that of a master towards his slaves.â
9. 1910: blood libel of Shiraz
10. 1911: Shiraz pogrom
11. 1912: 4th Fez, Pogrom, Morocco
12. 1914: expulsion of Jews from Palestine old enough to bear arms by the Ottomans
13. 1917: Jewish Inquisition of Baghdadi, Ottoman Empire
14. 1918-1948: adoption of a law prohibiting the raising of a Jewish orphan, Yemen
15. 1920: Irbid massacres: British mandate in Palestine
16. 1920-1930: Arab riots, British Mandate Palestine
17. 1921: 1st Jaffa riots, British Mandate Palestine
18. 1922: Massacres of Djerba, Tunisia
19. 1922: law of forced conversion of orphans in Yemen, concerning Jews including as adults
20. 1927: 60 Jews killed by Arabs in the Mellah of Casablanca Morocco
21. 1928: Massacres of Ikhwan, in Egypt and under British mandate in Palestine.
22. 1928: Jewish orphans sold into slavery and forced to convert to Islam by the Muslim Brotherhood, Yemen
23. 1929: anti-Jewish riots, British mandate: in August 1929, the Jews demanded the construction of the Western Wall; pogroms in Jerusalem, Hebron, Safed. To stop the violence, the British reject this request
24. 1929: 3rd Hebron Pogrom under British Mandate Palestine.
25. 1929 3e pogrom de Safed, mandate britannique Palestine.
26. 1933: 2nd Jaffa riots, British mandate in Palestine.
27. 1934: Anti-Jewish pogrom in Constantine Algeria. 200 Jewish stores were raided, the total material damage was estimated at more than 150 million francs. It also sent a quarter of Constantineâs Jewish population into poverty.
28. 1934: Pogroms in Thrace, TĂźrkiye
29. 1934: 1st massacres in Farhud, Iraq
30. 1936: 3rd Jaffa riots, British Mandate Palestine
31. 1936: 2e massacre of Farhud, Irak
32. 1938: boycott of Jews in Egypt
33. 1939: discovery of 3 bombs in synagogues in Cairo
34. 1941 : 3e massacre de Farhud, Iraq
35. 1941: persecution of Jews in Libya
36. 1941: massacre of Jews in Baghdad, with the support of the authorities: approx. 170 dead
37. 1942: collaboration of the mufti with the Nazis. Plays a role in the final solution
38. 1942: Struma disaster, TĂźrkiye
39. 1942: Nile Delta pogroms, Egypt
40. 1938-1945: Arab collaboration with the Nazis
41. 1942: discriminatory tax law of Varlik Vergisi in Turkey against Jews and Christians
42. 1942: looting of Jewish property in Benghazi and deportation to the desert
43. 1944: attack on the Jewish quarter of Damascus
44. 1945: anti-Jewish and anti-Christian riots in Egypt; churches and synagogues destroyed
45. 1945: 4th Cairo massacre, Egypt
46. 1945: Pogrom of Tripoli, Libya
47. 1947: segregation measures against Jews in Egypt
48. 1947: pogrom in Libya; approx. 130 dead
49. 1947 : Pogroms dâAden au Yemen
50. 1947: 3rd pogrom dâAlep, Syrie
51. 1948: âemptyingâ of the Jewish quarter of Damascus, Syria
1800-1899
1. 1800: new decree adopted in Yemen, prohibiting Jews from wearing new or good clothes. Jews were forbidden to ride mules or donkeys, and were sometimes rounded up for long, naked marches through the Roob al Khali desert.
2. 1805: 1st pogrom in Ottoman Algeria against the Jews of Algiers after a famine. Frenchconsul Dubois-Thainville saves 200 Jews by sheltering them in his consulate.
3. 1805: exile of Jews from Algiers to Tunis and Livorno
4. 1805, the leader of the Jewish Nation of Algiers, Naphthalie Busnach, is killed while riots ravage the neighborhoods.
5. 1806: expulsion by fatwa of the Jews of Sali in Morocco
6. 1806: ban on Moroccan Jews wearing Western clothing
7. 1806: the janissaries of the dey of Algiers massacre and pillage in the Jewish quarter
8. 1807: expulsion of Jews from Tetouan
9. 1808: 1st massacres in the Mellah ghetto, North Africa
10. 1815, the chief rabbi of Algiers, Isaac Aboulker, is beheaded during a riot.
11. 1815: the Jews of Algiers are forced to fight against an invasion of locusts
12. 1815: 2nd pogrom of Algiers, Ottoman Algeria
13. 1816: in Algeria, ban on carrying weapons for Jews and Christians
14. 1820: Massacres of Sahalu Lobiant, Ottoman Syria
15. 1828 : pogrom de Baghdad, Iraq ottoman
16. 1830: 3rd pogrom of Algeria, Ottoman Algeria
17. 1830: start of the persecution of Jews in Persia, caused by the Russian advance in the Caucasus
18. 1830: ethnic cleansing of Jews in Tabriz, Iran
19. 1834: 2nd pogrom of Hebron, Ottoman Palestine
20. 1834 : Pogrom de Safed, Palestine ottomane
21. 1838: Druze attack in Safed, Ottoman Palestine
22. 1839: Massacre of the Mashadi Jews, Iran
23. 1839: forced conversion of surviving Jews from Mashadi
24. 1839: campaign of forced conversions of Iranian Jews
25. 1840: persecution of the Jews of Damascus; ritual murder case
26. 1840: forced conversion of the Jews of Mashadi
27. 1841: massive murders of Jews in Morocco; the sultan is obliged to consider the Jews as his personal property, which helps to protect them
28. 1840: Damascus, ritual murders (French Muslims and Christians kidnapped, tortured and killed Jewish children for entertainment), Ottoman Syria
29. 1844: 1st Cairo massacre, Ottoman Egypt
30. 1847: Dayr al-Qamar Pogrom, Liban ottoman
31. 1847: ethnic cleansing of Jews in Jerusalem, Ottoman Palestine
32. 1848: 1st pogrom of Damascus, Syria
33. 1848: total disappearance of the Jews of Mashhad
34. 1850: 1st pogrom of Aleppo, Ottoman Syria
35. 1854: anti-Jewish pogrom in Demnate, Morocco
36. 1857: beheading in Tunis of the Jewish coachman Batou Sfez, accused of blasphemy, while he was drunk
37. 1860: 2nd pogrom of Damascus, Ottoman Syria
38. 1862: 1st pogrom of Beirut, Ottoman Lebanon
39. 1866 : pogrom at Kuzguncuk, Turquie Ottomane
40. 1867: Barfurush massacre, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
41. 1868: Eyub Pogrom, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
42. 1869: Massacre of Tunis, Ottoman Tunisia
43. 1869: Massacre of Sfax, Ottoman Tunisia
44. 1864-1880: Marrakech massacre, Morocco
45. 1870: 2nd Alexandria massacres, Ottoman Egypt
46. 1870: 1st pogrom in Istanbul, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
47. 1871: 1st Damanhur massacres, Ottoman Egypt
48. 1872: Massacres in Edirne, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
49. 1872: 1st pogrom of Izmir, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
50. 1873: 2nd massacre of Damanhur, Ottoman Egypt
51. 1874: 2nd pogrom of Izmir, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
52. 1874: 2nd pogrom of Istanbul, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
53. 1874: 2nd pogrom of Beirut, Ottoman Lebanon
54. 1875: 2 pogroms in Aleppo, Ottoman Syria
55. 1875: Massacre on the island of Djerba, Ottoman Tunisia
56. 1877 : 3e massacre de Damanhur, Egypte ottomane
57. 1877: Pogrom of Mansura, Ottoman Egypt
58. 1882: Massacre of Homs, Ottoman Syria
59. 1882: 3rd massacre of Alexandria, Ottoman Egypt
60. 1889: after the funeral of a rabbi, deemed too discreet, the Jewish cemetery of Baghdad was confiscated
61. 1889: looting of the Jewish quarter of Baghdad
62. 1890: 2nd Cairo massacre, Ottoman Egypt
63. 1890, 3e pogrom de Damas, Syrie ottomane
64. 1891: 4th massacre of Damanahur, Ottoman Egypt
65. 1897: murders in Tripoli, Ottoman Libya
66. 1890: Massacres of Tunis, Ottoman Tunisia
1700-1799
1. 1700: massacre of Jews in Yemen
2. 1747 : Massacres de Mashhad, Iran
3. 1758: executions of a Jew and an Armenian in Constantinople for violation of the legislation on the clothing of infidels
4. 1770: expulsion of Jews from Jeddah in Arabia
5. 1785 : Tripoli Porom, Libya ottomane
6. 1790-92: Pogrom of Tetouan. Morocco (Jews of Tetouan undressed and lined up)
7. 1790: destruction of most of the Jewish communities in Morocco
1600-1699
1. 1604: start of a period of famine, violence and forced conversions of the Jewish population of Fez: 2000 conversions in 2 years
2. 1608: persecution for two years of the Jews of Taroudat by the Berbers
3. 1622: forced conversion of the Jews of Persia
4. 1630-1700: Yemenite Jews were considered âimpureâ and therefore forbidden to touch a Muslim or a Muslimâs food. They were obliged to humble themselves before a Muslim, walk on the left side and greet him first. They could not build houses taller than those of a Muslim or ride a camel or horse, and when riding a mule or donkey, they had to sit on the side. When entering the Muslim quarter, a Jew had to take off his shoes and walk barefoot. If attacked with stones or fists by Muslim youths, a Jew was not allowed to defend himself.
5. 1650: Jews from Tunisia are deported to special neighborhoods called âharaâ
6. 1650: forced conversion of the Jews of Persia, under Shah Abbas II
7. 1656: Jews expelled from Isfahan in Iran
8. 1660: 2 pogroms in Safed and Tiberias, Ottoman Palestine
9. 1670: Expulsion of Mawza, Yemen
10. 1676: expulsion of Jews from Sanaa in Yemen
11. 1678: forced conversion of Jews in Yemen
12. 1679-1680: Sanaa massacres, Yemen
1500-1599
1. 1516: Algerian Jews receive the official status of dhimmi from the Ottomans; certain colors are forbidden to them (red and green); they are not allowed to ride horses or carry weapons; they must pay the discriminatory tax; their representative is ritually slapped during the delivery of tribute to the authorities
2. 1517: 1st pogrom in Safed, Ottoman Palestine
3. 1517: 1st pogrom of Hebron, Ottoman Palestine
4. Massacre of Marsa ibn Ghazi, Ottoman Libya
5. 1521: expulsion of Jews from Belgrade by the Ottomans
6. 1524: expulsion of Jews from Buda in Hungary by the Ottomans
7. 1535: pogrom then expulsion of Jews from Tunisia
8. 1554: looting and persecution against the Jewish population of Marrakech by the Turks who took the city
9. 1574: civil war in Morocco between three claimants; Jews are victims of all camps
10. 1577: Passover massacre, Ottoman Empire
11. 1588-1629 : pogroms of Mahalay,
â@@your-average-bruv not true christians are considered pagans
@@MehWhatever99 academic sources please
this was interesting, but what I would like to see, which has very little information online would be the pre-islamic world, specifically the achaemenid and sassanid periods. there's this strong association with Islam in the near east that we tend to forget it wasn't always there (it's comparatively an actually young religion.) We know some stuff about Persia from antique authors like Xenofon, Aristotle and what have you, but that's an entirely different perspective and tells you very little. The 3rd to the 7th centuries of Arabia and Persia are somewhat of a mystery, at least to me. An unexplored topic. I'd love to see someone tackle it.
Really nice video , regards from Baghdad
from someone who learn this stuff in high school this is very accurate and detailed, well done!
Thank you for making this video, I hope you find success in your next video in your series about the history of religion.
~Mackyle Wotring
Fascinating video! I hope that one day you will make a similar one about Jews in the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. When you do, don't forget about the Turkic Kariates in Lithuania.
Man stop it with that fake Jewish b.s đ
how the hell do I keep running into you in comment sections?
@@Cheese-zt3ns It's magic! đ
Artur, If they cover that, they should also remember that the claim of âturkicnessâ of Karaites is mostly pseudo-historical and was almost purely a self-defense mechanism. Some Karaites adapted Turkic language but virtually all forms of analysis show that Lithuanian Karaites are largely indistinguishable from Ashkenazi Jews in terms of origin. It would be rather much more interesting, and then also extremely important, to explore the kinds of genocidal pressures facing Karaites-and other Ashkenazim-that explained why they felt the need to rewrite their history to suggest a false Turkic origin rather than a Levantine Jewish/Israelite one.
@Vaelmael I've mentioned them because they are a fascinating little group, which beside practicing a different form of Judaism, came to Lithuania from Crimea, speaking their own unique language from Kipchak branch of the Turkic family, which is now critically endangered. They are often omitted when the larger Jewish community in Poland-Lithuania is discussed (arguably, they weren't a part of it). There's no proof they have something to do with the Khazars, and it should be obvious to everyone that the regular Ashkenazi Jews, whose ancestors came to Poland, Lithuania, and beyond from the German lands, have absolutely nothing to do with them, even without genetic studies. But people who spread this conspiracy theory are like flaterthers, and I doubt that any arguments will convince them. đ
A year counter would be much appreciated here since we're jumping on the timelines so much. But still great video nonetheless, always a joy to see Kings and Generals uploads ^^
I second the year counter
You never disappoint! Thank you for all your content.
I'm along fan of this channel but unfortunately got disappointed in his biased covering of Hamas resistance group against the Zionist oppression of "Israel" regime
AMAZINGLY DONE! đ This is one of the best things I've come to know about that period! đť đ
12:43 While I totally get not slowing down the video for this, a genizah isn't a storage space for sacred texts solely. Anything with the true name of God in Hebrew can't be thrown away or destroyed. They have to be given a burial ceremony in the local cemetery. A genizah is where a community stores such texts until they have enough to make the ceremony worth it. However, it was often tradition to write the tetragrammon in the corner of mundane letters, necessitating their preservation in a genizah. This makes them extremely useful for archeology.
I really enjoyed this video and I would love to see more on Jewish history.
A well timed video.
Very well explained and important context for people choosing ignorance over such topics.
Jews were far better off under Arab Muslim rule than in occupied Poland in 1943, but that is just setting the the bar to low it is correct that the golden age of the jewish in Early A.D was under Arab Muslim rule, but that was about 800 years ago. Problem is our cousins are still in 12 century right now, the threat to our present golden age in the 21 century, A.D is the Arab Muslims ironicđ
@@JewishAtheist What you're saying is not correct at all! Educate yourself. I'm Egyptian and Jews in Egypt were ministers, authors, and doctors and they were very active in the political scene till 1948 they published many books that you can read. They were oppressed and seen as second-class and undesired civilians only in Europe. Read facts and don't follow the zionist colonial propaganda.
@@JewishAtheistJews under Islam rule was treated relatively well compared to how Europe treated them up until the late 1700s and onwards things changed especially now where weâre basically in the darkest age of Islam where Islam extremism is extremely high and itâs terrible to see as tolerance was what made us so powerful but hopefully things change
14:44 I appreciate the reference to what you term, _"relative tolerance and co-existence",_ and the disassociation from this practice by the governing leadership - a phenomena we would do well to recollect in the modern era, as *pretenders to the governance throne, and their backers, stoke crisis, fear and polarization to win political power.*
Thank you for the great content
Great video!
Thank you for making this video! So so important, especially right now.
you missed a major point when explaining the jizya tax ,in the caliphate the Muslims also gave a tax called zakat which is much higher then jizya.
Yea..... but zakat isn't a tax right? Its a charity which Muslims are OBLIGED to do
â@@themoon3588Exactly, that's why we muslims can't ask non-muslims to pay Zakat, that would violate the freedom of religion.
Thus Jizya for non-muslims, and Zakat for muslims.
Where Jizya is much lower also is a money back guarantee of protection. Where zakat doesn't give muslims that. Check spanish inquisition.
Jizya was only applied to men with ability to earn. Women, children, elderly did not pay jizya
â@@themoon3588 either way, its a way for both Muslim and Non-muslim to contribute to their country, just like how we pay tax in modern era.. Unfortunatelly, some people misunderstood jizya-tax as a "tribute" or something with negative conotation đ˘
â@@themoon3588
Zakat is also tax same as jizya
â@@ServantofAllahForever Weren't Muslims supposed to humiliate the Dhimmi on their way to pay the tax? Children didn't have to pay the tax, but children were COLLECTED AS A TAX in Cordoba. How much was the Jizya compared to Zakat?
Amazing work
Great video thanks!!
Thank you for your amazing work and research đšđ
Note:With the observation that Jews in Islamic countries frequently endured less physical violence than Jews under Western Christendom, historian Mark R. Cohen suggests a comparative approach to understanding Jewish life under Islamic rule.According to his theory, Muslims saw Jews as less theologically dangerous than Christians did, implying that Christians sought to forge a distinct religious identity from Judaism, from which their faith split and diverged.
Christianity developed when Judaism was still a big religion but when Islam came it already lost a lot of influence.
Ya...bull sh * t ...Famous Rabbi Maimonides who lived in 11th century under Almoravid Caliphate Rule has said this About muslim s:
âGod has entangled us with this people, the nation of Ishmael, who treat us so prejudicially and who legislate our harm and hatredâŚ. No nation has ever arisen more harmful than they, nor has anyone done more to humiliate us, degrade us, and consolidate hatred against us.â
Which is extremely funny considering Christianity is the natural continuation of the monotheistic Hebrew faith practised for over a thousand years prior, while Islam is extremely divergent in many of its customs and laws according to the Qur'an and the hadiths of Muhammad. Islam is the most confused "Abrahamic" faith of them all. The Qur'an claims to despise Jews yet the caliphal rulers declared Jews as their closest kindred brethren... There's never been any rhyme or reason to Islam's relationship with Jews and Christians, beyond that it was politically or economically beneficial for them.
â@@nivin156 How ungrateful is that guy considering he's given the position of high and literally was made "second moses" with the help of caliphate. Also I can quote hundreds of positive things from him about Muslims but it's just the nature of juice they think they're the chosen one and everyone else is inferior the them
Which then begs the question: Why did the majority of Jews end up in Europe rather than live in these oh-so-tolerant Muslim countries?
Very interesting stuff!
Thanks for the video
"Whenever you honor the honorable, you possess them. Whenever you honor the ignoble, they rebel." Al-Mutanabbi
If being a dhimmis means you can get strategic positions such as in court and even prime minister. that sounds much better than being a minority in the so called democratic india/US or in the so called secular countries in europe.
India had muslim Presidents, sikh prime ministers, Parsi general,. India is actually much more secular than islamis countries. My country Bangladesh is secular too,but theres a rule in constitution tht no non muslim can be prime minister of Bangladesh as its a muslim majority country
Great video, lot of people have no idea about this
Fantastic overview, Iâm gonna show this to my students!
â ââ @@ShoreshFathi got a whole list ready to go đ. Taking parts out of a text with no context is really bad a idea
@@ShoreshFathi if you read those verses with context, you wouldnt have posted such a list of ignorance.
@@ShoreshFathi Wow, Typical islamophobia , give text in piece meal without context at all
@@ShoreshFathi average braindead islam hater listing lots of hadiths and quran verses without context, only if he realised that the quran is in chapters not single lines of text
Safwan ibn Sulaym reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, âWhoever wrongs a person protected by a covenant, violates his rights, burdens him with more work than he can do, or takes something from him without his consent, I will be his prosecutor on the Day of Resurrection.â
Source: Sunan AbiĚ DaĚwuĚd 3052
Grade: Hasan (fair) according to Al-Arnaâut
An excellent video!
Thanks for shedding light on what the West tries to put under the rug so hard!
Like how mr know it allđ
One of interesting book i found "Ashkenazim and Sephardim" written by Hirsch Koch Zimmels contain interesting comparation between european jew under christiandoom and jew under caliphate. One of the interesting part is letter written by Issac Zarfati, where he encourage his european bretheren to leave the christiandom and migrate imto caliphate due to better treatment.
I wish you can make a video about the stand off and rivalry between The French and the British through out history beginning with the Norman invasion and throughout the one hundred years war, the seven year war, the napoleonic war. The factors the tip the scale in favor of the British, etc.
Christian in the caliphate next please!!!!! đâ¤
Same treatment except the crusaders
They are like zionist in modern days
lived in peace and harmony
Look at the Cordovo Spain History
up until Christians genocided in 1400s naturarlly
@@Jok-xz1mh sure, totally peace and harmony, thats why we gave our lives to get free of your people
@@Jok-xz1mh Are you sure? Do you know what were Christians doing to jews and other dominations of christians like coptic and syraic before Muslims saved them?
The same treatment
Fun fact
Arab countries didn't come majority Muslims until 17th - 18th centuries
Very interesting to know that Jews were an integral part of Islamic society during the golden age of Islam, and they were not only telerated but also given high posts in the government Religious harmoney should prevail to save the humankind. Whether you are religious or not, tolerating others is the most important thing for human progress.
Quite the opposite these days
Tell that to the jews.
Who will make the zionists understand?
You failed to mention how the Jews were supposed to be by Quranic law humiliated while paying the Jizyas. and also they had to wear a gold sash/ star to distinguish them as Jewish (remind you of something?) they also couldn't walk on the street but rather in the sewages on the side of the road...
many of what the Nazi party put the Jews through were inspired by Islamic oppressions of Jews and it also makes sense why the Nazis and Islamic rulers got along well.
â@@strangeman9362mostly because of israel Palestine war. Many muslims believe that they sided with Jews when chirstains masscared them and helped them grow but Jews betrayed Muslims by sided with UK and US to create Israel which is oppressing many Palestinians.
Please kindly consider a video on the Jews of Ethiopia and their contribution to the country over the years and interactions with the Christians and Muslims
The way OfficiallyDevin says âCaliphateâ makes me think of John Cleese saying âHalibutÂť every single time đ
Great video thanks
As an Arab, I cannot be anti-Semitic, because Ishmael's sons are also Semites đ
You can still be antisemitic anyone can.
@@de_plum123 No, I can only be anti-Zionist.
@@Ibn_jala you can be both you just donât know the definition of antisemitism
@@de_plum123 Give me the definition, my friend
@@Ibn_jala
noun: antisemitism
hostility to or prejudice against Jewish people.
You're opening a Pandora's box, but if anyone can do that and still make it professional that is you. Great job, and hope this video and future ones help us overcome our disagreements.
Thank you K&G
Awesome job explaining the nature of intermingling for various religions and local communities
(i hope you see and read this)Amazingly done as always. Im a iraq turkmen and we did the zengid empire i would be very happy if you do a video on them but thats not the main topic i would like to say i saw in your maps the zengid dynasty nothing was wrong with it but i want to remind you that salahaddin was a emir of nuraddin which means the zengids ruled egypt and salahaddin was just a emir bu after nuraddin died salahaddin revolted and formed the ayyubids i just want to say if you ever put zengids in your vudeo dont forget that in 1174 they ruled egypt and hejazes protection was given to them once by the abbasid caliphs i just hope you see this comment and i cant wait for the second crusade video and the zengid in it thank you for your amazing videos
The comments to this video are a lot more tame and on topic than I expected them to be, especially given current events. A welcome surprise.
Pretty normal for history related channels. As soon as you leave histoy channels. Yeah, you end up with the people with a very strong opinion on a subject they barely have any historical knowledge about. Over half a year into this conflict, it still feels like pretty much every discussion about the conflict I have is pretty much a: ok let's start with having an introduction to the Arab-Israeli conflict for beginners.
That introduction was utterly beautiful
1900-1948
1. 1901-1902: 3rd Cairo massacre, Ottoman Egypt
2. 1901-1907: 4th Alexandria massacres, Ottoman Egypt
3. 1903: 1st Port Said massacres, Ottoman Egypt
4. 1903-1940: Pogroms of Taza and Settat, Morocco
5. 1904: massacre of Jews in Yemen
6. 1907: Casablanca, pogrom, Morocco
7. 1908: 2nd Port Said massacre, Ottoman Egypt
8. 1909: comment from the British vice-consul of Mosul: âThe attitude of Muslims towards Christians and Jews is that of a master towards his slaves.â
9. 1910: blood libel of Shiraz
10. 1911: Shiraz pogrom
11. 1912: 4th Fez, Pogrom, Morocco
12. 1914: expulsion of Jews from Palestine old enough to bear arms by the Ottomans
13. 1917: Jewish Inquisition of Baghdadi, Ottoman Empire
14. 1918-1948: adoption of a law prohibiting the raising of a Jewish orphan, Yemen
15. 1920: Irbid massacres: British mandate in Palestine
16. 1920-1930: Arab riots, British Mandate Palestine
17. 1921: 1st Jaffa riots, British Mandate Palestine
18. 1922: Massacres of Djerba, Tunisia
19. 1922: law of forced conversion of orphans in Yemen, concerning Jews including as adults
20. 1927: 60 Jews killed by Arabs in the Mellah of Casablanca Morocco
21. 1928: Massacres of Ikhwan, in Egypt and under British mandate in Palestine.
22. 1928: Jewish orphans sold into slavery and forced to convert to Islam by the Muslim Brotherhood, Yemen
23. 1929: anti-Jewish riots, British mandate: in August 1929, the Jews demanded the construction of the Western Wall; pogroms in Jerusalem, Hebron, Safed. To stop the violence, the British reject this request
24. 1929: 3rd Hebron Pogrom under British Mandate Palestine.
25. 1929 3e pogrom de Safed, mandate britannique Palestine.
26. 1933: 2nd Jaffa riots, British mandate in Palestine.
27. 1934: Anti-Jewish pogrom in Constantine Algeria. 200 Jewish stores were raided, the total material damage was estimated at more than 150 million francs. It also sent a quarter of Constantineâs Jewish population into poverty.
28. 1934: Pogroms in Thrace, TĂźrkiye
29. 1934: 1st massacres in Farhud, Iraq
30. 1936: 3rd Jaffa riots, British Mandate Palestine
31. 1936: 2e massacre of Farhud, Irak
32. 1938: boycott of Jews in Egypt
33. 1939: discovery of 3 bombs in synagogues in Cairo
34. 1941 : 3e massacre de Farhud, Iraq
35. 1941: persecution of Jews in Libya
36. 1941: massacre of Jews in Baghdad, with the support of the authorities: approx. 170 dead
37. 1942: collaboration of the mufti with the Nazis. Plays a role in the final solution
38. 1942: Struma disaster, TĂźrkiye
39. 1942: Nile Delta pogroms, Egypt
40. 1938-1945: Arab collaboration with the Nazis
41. 1942: discriminatory tax law of Varlik Vergisi in Turkey against Jews and Christians
42. 1942: looting of Jewish property in Benghazi and deportation to the desert
43. 1944: attack on the Jewish quarter of Damascus
44. 1945: anti-Jewish and anti-Christian riots in Egypt; churches and synagogues destroyed
45. 1945: 4th Cairo massacre, Egypt
46. 1945: Pogrom of Tripoli, Libya
47. 1947: segregation measures against Jews in Egypt
48. 1947: pogrom in Libya; approx. 130 dead
49. 1947 : Pogroms dâAden au Yemen
50. 1947: 3rd pogrom dâAlep, Syrie
51. 1948: âemptyingâ of the Jewish quarter of Damascus, Syria
1800-1899
1. 1800: new decree adopted in Yemen, prohibiting Jews from wearing new or good clothes. Jews were forbidden to ride mules or donkeys, and were sometimes rounded up for long, naked marches through the Roob al Khali desert.
2. 1805: 1st pogrom in Ottoman Algeria against the Jews of Algiers after a famine. Frenchconsul Dubois-Thainville saves 200 Jews by sheltering them in his consulate.
3. 1805: exile of Jews from Algiers to Tunis and Livorno
4. 1805, the leader of the Jewish Nation of Algiers, Naphthalie Busnach, is killed while riots ravage the neighborhoods.
5. 1806: expulsion by fatwa of the Jews of Sali in Morocco
6. 1806: ban on Moroccan Jews wearing Western clothing
7. 1806: the janissaries of the dey of Algiers massacre and pillage in the Jewish quarter
8. 1807: expulsion of Jews from Tetouan
9. 1808: 1st massacres in the Mellah ghetto, North Africa
10. 1815, the chief rabbi of Algiers, Isaac Aboulker, is beheaded during a riot.
11. 1815: the Jews of Algiers are forced to fight against an invasion of locusts
12. 1815: 2nd pogrom of Algiers, Ottoman Algeria
13. 1816: in Algeria, ban on carrying weapons for Jews and Christians
14. 1820: Massacres of Sahalu Lobiant, Ottoman Syria
15. 1828 : pogrom de Baghdad, Iraq ottoman
16. 1830: 3rd pogrom of Algeria, Ottoman Algeria
17. 1830: start of the persecution of Jews in Persia, caused by the Russian advance in the Caucasus
18. 1830: ethnic cleansing of Jews in Tabriz, Iran
19. 1834: 2nd pogrom of Hebron, Ottoman Palestine
20. 1834 : Pogrom de Safed, Palestine ottomane
21. 1838: Druze attack in Safed, Ottoman Palestine
22. 1839: Massacre of the Mashadi Jews, Iran
23. 1839: forced conversion of surviving Jews from Mashadi
24. 1839: campaign of forced conversions of Iranian Jews
25. 1840: persecution of the Jews of Damascus; ritual murder case
26. 1840: forced conversion of the Jews of Mashadi
27. 1841: massive murders of Jews in Morocco; the sultan is obliged to consider the Jews as his personal property, which helps to protect them
28. 1840: Damascus, ritual murders (French Muslims and Christians kidnapped, tortured and killed Jewish children for entertainment), Ottoman Syria
29. 1844: 1st Cairo massacre, Ottoman Egypt
30. 1847: Dayr al-Qamar Pogrom, Liban ottoman
31. 1847: ethnic cleansing of Jews in Jerusalem, Ottoman Palestine
32. 1848: 1st pogrom of Damascus, Syria
33. 1848: total disappearance of the Jews of Mashhad
34. 1850: 1st pogrom of Aleppo, Ottoman Syria
35. 1854: anti-Jewish pogrom in Demnate, Morocco
36. 1857: beheading in Tunis of the Jewish coachman Batou Sfez, accused of blasphemy, while he was drunk
37. 1860: 2nd pogrom of Damascus, Ottoman Syria
38. 1862: 1st pogrom of Beirut, Ottoman Lebanon
39. 1866 : pogrom at Kuzguncuk, Turquie Ottomane
40. 1867: Barfurush massacre, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
41. 1868: Eyub Pogrom, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
42. 1869: Massacre of Tunis, Ottoman Tunisia
43. 1869: Massacre of Sfax, Ottoman Tunisia
44. 1864-1880: Marrakech massacre, Morocco
45. 1870: 2nd Alexandria massacres, Ottoman Egypt
46. 1870: 1st pogrom in Istanbul, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
47. 1871: 1st Damanhur massacres, Ottoman Egypt
48. 1872: Massacres in Edirne, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
49. 1872: 1st pogrom of Izmir, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
50. 1873: 2nd massacre of Damanhur, Ottoman Egypt
51. 1874: 2nd pogrom of Izmir, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
52. 1874: 2nd pogrom of Istanbul, Ottoman TĂźrkiye
53. 1874: 2nd pogrom of Beirut, Ottoman Lebanon
54. 1875: 2 pogroms in Aleppo, Ottoman Syria
55. 1875: Massacre on the island of Djerba, Ottoman Tunisia
56. 1877 : 3e massacre de Damanhur, Egypte ottomane
57. 1877: Pogrom of Mansura, Ottoman Egypt
58. 1882: Massacre of Homs, Ottoman Syria
59. 1882: 3rd massacre of Alexandria, Ottoman Egypt
60. 1889: after the funeral of a rabbi, deemed too discreet, the Jewish cemetery of Baghdad was confiscated
61. 1889: looting of the Jewish quarter of Baghdad
62. 1890: 2nd Cairo massacre, Ottoman Egypt
63. 1890, 3e pogrom de Damas, Syrie ottomane
64. 1891: 4th massacre of Damanahur, Ottoman Egypt
65. 1897: murders in Tripoli, Ottoman Libya
66. 1890: Massacres of Tunis, Ottoman Tunisia
1700-1799
1. 1700: massacre of Jews in Yemen
2. 1747 : Massacres de Mashhad, Iran
3. 1758: executions of a Jew and an Armenian in Constantinople for violation of the legislation on the clothing of infidels
4. 1770: expulsion of Jews from Jeddah in Arabia
5. 1785 : Tripoli Porom, Libya ottomane
6. 1790-92: Pogrom of Tetouan. Morocco (Jews of Tetouan undressed and lined up)
7. 1790: destruction of most of the Jewish communities in Morocco
1600-1699
1. 1604: start of a period of famine, violence and forced conversions of the Jewish population of Fez: 2000 conversions in 2 years
2. 1608: persecution for two years of the Jews of Taroudat by the Berbers
3. 1622: forced conversion of the Jews of Persia
4. 1630-1700: Yemenite Jews were considered âimpureâ and therefore forbidden to touch a Muslim or a Muslimâs food. They were obliged to humble themselves before a Muslim, walk on the left side and greet him first. They could not build houses taller than those of a Muslim or ride a camel or horse, and when riding a mule or donkey, they had to sit on the side. When entering the Muslim quarter, a Jew had to take off his shoes and walk barefoot. If attacked with stones or fists by Muslim youths, a Jew was not allowed to defend himself.
5. 1650: Jews from Tunisia are deported to special neighborhoods called âharaâ
6. 1650: forced conversion of the Jews of Persia, under Shah Abbas II
7. 1656: Jews expelled from Isfahan in Iran
8. 1660: 2 pogroms in Safed and Tiberias, Ottoman Palestine
9. 1670: Expulsion of Mawza, Yemen
10. 1676: expulsion of Jews from Sanaa in Yemen
11. 1678: forced conversion of Jews in Yemen
12. 1679-1680: Sanaa massacres, Yemen
1500-1599
1. 1516: Algerian Jews receive the official status of dhimmi from the Ottomans; certain colors are forbidden to them (red and green); they are not allowed to ride horses or carry weapons; they must pay the discriminatory tax; their representative is ritually slapped during the delivery of tribute to the authorities
2. 1517: 1st pogrom in Safed, Ottoman Palestine
3. 1517: 1st pogrom of Hebron, Ottoman Palestine
4. Massacre of Marsa ibn Ghazi, Ottoman Libya
5. 1521: expulsion of Jews from Belgrade by the Ottomans
6. 1524: expulsion of Jews from Buda in Hungary by the Ottomans
7. 1535: pogrom then expulsion of Jews from Tunisia
8. 1554: looting and persecution against the Jewish population of Marrakech by the Turks who took the city
9. 1574: civil war in Morocco between three claimants; Jews are victims of all camps
10. 1577: Passover massacre, Ottoman Empire
11. 1588-1629 : pogroms of Mahalay,
â@@MehWhatever99
Cry liar cry đ˘
đđđ
@@MehWhatever99Israelis will always tell you how they have been oppressed and victimized, but will never tell you why or what they did.
It would be great to do a series in regard to this topic looking at the life of non muslims in the late antiquity and middle ages under Muslim rule.
Here my suggestion: The Origin of the Jews from the Tanakh, Egyptology, History, and Archeology's point of view!
Will consider
@@KingsandGenerals thanks!
Podâs Law
No archaeological evidence for them
Over-all a good video., I thought. I think it would have been nice to delve a bit more into Judaism in Christianity at the same time rather than fairly broad descriptions, no doubt there were Jews who were persecuted as there were Jews who prospered.
I was also surprised that the Monothelitism didn't get a mention in terms of early existence before Islam's rise. The fact the Byzantium used to ex-communicate them, and that during the Prophet's travels as a trader, he would have encountered many of them, seems worth discussing even in the context of early Jewish / Muslim interactions. Certainly what I was taught, albeit over a decade ago, I try and keep up to date with early Islam, Persia and Byzantium.
Similarly considering Yarmouk, and before that the Persians / Byzantines leaving a power vacuum that Islam was able to expand on quickly, it would have been interesting to hear more about these developments as the religions sought to co-exist in the very earliest days after Muhammad's teachings.
Lovely work as always.
As an Algerian, I must say that there was a mistake in the placement of Tlemcen and Oran.
Exactly the map was incorrect the zirids were much larger encompassing all of North Africa and Spain. But in the video it doesnât show that and granada was founded by the zirids but in the video it shows Granada existing before the zirids đđđ and yes tlemcen and Oran were wrong which is disappointing
â@@themuslimalgerian386 welcome to reality algerian đđ changing wiki pages to make zirids look bigger than what they really were does not change history
@@jackal25301 wake up to reality Moroccan the truth is in books from academics not from Moroccan propaganda stop listening propaganda from your dictator and open a book you will see the truth zirid controlled Spain, Morocco, Sicily, Malta and all of North Africa you cant change history now go cry đđđđ
Beautiful video
This is off-topic, but Iâve recently wondered what happened at the battlefield, and itâs corpses, after a battle? I would imagine during the medieval times, that the bodies would be scavenged of riches and equipment, or perhaps not. Also what were done later through the times.
Depends on the location. If the battlefield was close to a population center, the winners, or rather the enslaved and pows, had to bury/burn to avoid diseases. If it was in a random field somewhere, no one cared and the corpses were slowly consumed by nature.
@@KingsandGenerals So even if the corpses in the random field had, letâs say late medieval armor, they would be scavenged before left to rot, or would it stay to rot with itâs wearer?
@@iLovePyRo_ scavenged first.
@@KingsandGenerals I see, thank you, really satisfied my curiosityđ
Kings and Generals research for these videos is second to none.
Your animations are the most satisfying and beautiful
Ooh, very topical video we have here
Thank you so much for this amazing work
Thank you for this informative and wonderful video; videoâs like these are desperately needed with everything that going on in the Levant! Besides that, how exactly did European colonialism & capitalism bring about the end of this era of relative tolerance? Are you specifically referring to the rise of Zionism, Arab nationalism & other similar ideologies that were reactions to colonialism & European nationalism?
Yeah, he kind of just throws that out there at the end without explanation. I sort of get it though that's not what the video is about.
I do understand that colonialism Brought ideas of nationalism Which arabs grabbed hold on as a unifying way too Promote The expelling of european power. Then coming to view the jews as both an ethnic threat and then also a religious threat to that idea, etc.
I really don't know what capitalism supposedly has to do with increased animosity though. Reforms during the weakening Ottoman Empire meant more people could buy land and develop it rather than it being controlled and impoverished by dynastic feudal landholders.
Maybe it was just meant to be a timeline signifier for when other events, movements started occurring?
Zionism was more a reaction to European antisemitism than to colonialism, which it was an extension of, hence Zionist leaders cooperating with colonialists who helped them immensely, as Britain promised them it. They had a Palestine Jewish Colonization Association, and the Jewish Colonization Agency, so they were honest about it. It's very sad especially for me as I'm Palestinian and my great grandmother was Jewish.
John 8 King James Version
39 They (the Jews) answered and said unto him, Abraham is our father. Jesus saith unto them, If ye were Abraham's children, ye would do the works of Abraham.
40 But now ye seek to kill me, a man that hath told you the truth, which I have heard of God: this did not Abraham.
41 Ye do the deeds of your father. Then said they to him, We be not born of fornication; we have one Father, even God.
42 Jesus said unto them, If God were your Father, ye would love me: for I proceeded forth and came from God; neither came I of myself, but he sent me.
43 Why do ye not understand my speech? even because ye cannot hear my word.
44 Ye are of your father the devil, and the lusts of your father ye will do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaketh a lie, he speaketh of his own: for he is a liar, and the father of it.
5:15 , they weren't second class cz they had to pay something called jezya, cz Muslims also had to pay something called zaka
and the jezya were paid for protection in case of an attack or invasion, so they were to be protected and not to participate in the battle.
The jizya was paid by the dhimmis to be protected from the muslims who conquered them.
Awesome video! Sad to see the state of world affairs today, when centuries ago there was tolerance. Hope for peace worldwide, for all sides. Excellent documentary!
Tolerance is to strong of a word.
it is all about Zionism!
the tolerance is overwhelming indeed, that's why there are thriving jewish communities still in the Maghreb and Iraq etc etc
if you want peaceful again then Muslim should rule over Palestine/Levantine again. It will be happen in the future.
â@@TheKingofTheUniverse.I'd doubt it.
This video shows why we all shouldnât be fighting each other. Itâs possible for all abrahamic religions to coexist. It already happened in history and all three religions have more in common than they are different
It is only possible under islamic caliphate and muslim rule
Not zionist or crusaders
Except when zionazis have the upper hand, then it's only oppression and resistance until they are chased away, again
Only happens when Islam is the ruling religion