Is Dark Matter Made of Particles?
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- čas přidán 31. 05. 2024
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By the time you've read this, a billion billion dark matter particles may have streamed through your body like ghosts. The particle or particles of the dark sector make up the vast majority of the mass of the universe - so to them, we're the ghostly ones. Today we're going to try to make contact with dark matter particles and enter into the Dark Universe.
#space #darkmatter #astrophysics
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Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
Written by Matt Caplan & Matt O'Dowd
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Directed by Andrew Kornhaber
Assistant Producer: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber
End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: / @jrsschattenberg
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I imagine a bunch of dark scientists wondering why there is a 5% gap between their universe mass content and the mass necessary to produce the gravity they experience.
Imagine there are 19 types of „dark matter“ then then they are only 5% aswell. Then there needs to be 20 types of matter. Its not impossible because we cant prove or disprove it i think.
Ha, yeah and they are probably focussing on finding some missing property, or effect, of spacetime geometry because that is the nature of their own existence.
Five percent is nothing to worry about. That's well within the experimental error.
@Alex Duffy dark matter itself is at the moment unprovable we know its there but cant detect it. Still its scientific. And my point was kinda a joke. Just a big if to what the main comment says.
Lol
Giving a shout out to the animation team with Leonardo, Yago, Pedro, and Adriano! This show is always aesthetically so pleasing!
Are they brazilian?
Agreed
I actually wouldn’t know. I always listen with my headphones on before bed and eyes closed. Visualizing the universe.
Is that why this episode was so different?
agreedo
Imagine if we detected dark matter particles and briefly thought our troubles were solved, but then we realized that the new particle only accounted for half of the observed dark matter
and then we find a new particle accounting for 1/4, another one accounting for 1/8, then another for 1/16... so on, lol
@@RuosongGao God decides to play a practical joke on any physicists that might evolve in the universe:
Imagine that high energy physicists aren't looking for just one dark matter candidate. We are looking for dozens because that is what we are expecting to find. :-)
@@RuosongGaoZeno's Particle Paradox.
But water isn't weakly interacting.
Presentation approaches end
Matt's talking
Me: "... of spacetime!"
Matt keeps talking.
Me: "... of spacetime!"
Matt keeps talking.
Me: "... of spacetime!"
Matt: "... of spacetime."
Me: "Yes!"
11:00 a tragic love story, on the scale of the early Universe. A lone particle can't find its antiparticle for mutual annihilation before the universe pulls them apart forever!
Dude, that's my whole life , right there😭
" Won't anyone annihilate with me??!! "
a story as old as time.... literally.
No, not a love story at all. It's a survival story. Another reason to stay single.
Annihilation has never been more romantic
Whoever came up with the "Press Start" tweaked intro at 0:17 deserves praise and if possible a bonus. It makes the intros less predictable, and ties in beautifully to the content. Well done.
They are probably hiring more animators, even the visual jokes are becoming more visible, i noticed.
"Will us fishes will ever learn why the ocean is heavier than all us fishes, crustaceans and even sea mammals combined?" "Could it have to do with the wet matter?" "Oh, don't be ridiculous!"
I love that
Insightful
@Kisa Vorobianinov what about radioactive decay and nuclear fusion, they are also independent of EM and still exist
@Kisa Vorobianinov what about neutrinos, they are also created in fission and fusion? What would anyone have to gain by creating a false model, why does technology based on the standard model work so well if it‘s all nonsense?
@Kisa Vorobianinov but why would people do this, what is there to gain by making a false model of particle physics? Why do technologies based on the standard model work out if it‘s bogus? Where is the missing mass energy in a neutron decay going if not into a neutrino? Is GR real at least or is that also quack?
Every time he says 'LSP' I can't help but think "Oh my Glob!"
It's the spaghetti code of the simulation.
"Things break when we take it out, so we left it in."
I thought the same thing lol
/* You didn't comment out your comment */
Everything looks like a nail when you're holding a hammer
@@ASLUHLUHCE Or: Everythings a hammer when you need to nail something.
After a mundane day staring at corporate emails in Outlook, finally some intelligent content to consume. Thank you.
and yet, many human generations after your comment, humans will be answering corporate emails in outlook and not venturing into space. the galaxy is far away, both in space and time. emails, not the universe, will be our lives and the lives of our children, and their children. yay.
* sends hug * (for the last part)
@@betabenja I enjoyed reading this for its grammatical content. Your non restrictive clause was delightful.
Appreciate your work. Remember you applied to be there. Got all dressed up and everything. Thank your boss.
r/iamverysmart
I never had the luxury of growing up and listening to the late great Carl Sagan seeing as I was born in 1989, just a few years before he passed away. But channels like PBS space time and Matt really are my generations Carl Sagan, just in a more bite sized form 🥰.
The work you all do is amazing and makes my brain think (and regularly crash with classic steam coming out my ears) every single time I watch you! Keep up your amazing hard work!!!
This is actually a great parallel, Matt actually got the general feel of Carl Sagan.
Knowledgeable, interesting, concrete, and humble.
Unlike most science figures through time.
@@Kawalajin I 100% agree. He’s really great at what he does.
Let's not forget to mention the hero's Michiu Kaku, Neil Degrasse Tyson and the late Stephen Hawking in our time!
And you never got the extra clarity of all the Billions and Billions of Billions and Billions.
@@erikbosma8765 haha 😆
8:43 hearing “neutralino” in an Australian accent is the best way to hear it for the first time 😅🥰
"Every boson has its fermion," ah yes, one of my favorite jams by 80s physics rock legend Poison:
Every boson has its fermion, just like
Every light has its proton, just like
Every baryon needs to have gluons -
Every boson has its fermion. 🎶
Truly a love story that resonates throughout spacetime.
Definitely one of the best feel-good songs of the 80s. A shame it didn't reach the heights of their earlier hit, "Talk Theory to Me."
I want this version.
Ah
@@hyperduality2838 Do some research into "symmetry breaking" - we've been finding new ways to violate dualities.
@@hyperduality2838 I think you have misunderstood symmetry & duality as they apply to physics....
P.S. most of what you are calling dualities are actually dichotomies.
Seeing Mordin Solus as a dark matter theorist confirms that I'm the right demographic for this channel.
Lmao thought the same thing I’m about to finish my replay of mass effect 2 this week 😂
I am the very model of a scientist salarian, I've studied species turian, asari, and batarian.
I'm quite good at genetics (as a subset of biology) because i am an expert (which i know is a tautology).
My xenoscience studies range from urban to agrarian,
I am the very model of a scientist salarian.
The Bloodborne Hunter as the experimentalist tho
6:25 for people who missed
Daniel 2:22
Insect
I salute the researchers devoting their life try and find out what that dark matter is because all that data will be used in the future.
I remember when I was younger and I started reading on the standard model and astrophysics. How much dark matter and dark energy peaked my interest because of how little we actually know about but how fundamental it is for the universe to be. I wanted to know more about it.
Here bumping into this video thanks to the algorithm I just have to say Thank You for putting this content out there. This is the content young me would have dream to have seen in order to satisfy my curiosity.
Your comment is great, so have a thumb up, but I have to say, it's spelled "piqued my interest" haha sorry
@@joshyoung1440 I didn't know. English is not my native tongue. Thank you for pointing it out.
“The force surrounds us, penetrates us and binds the galaxy together.” Sounds like dark matter. Lmao.
Sounds like rape
@@Feefa99 ?
@@Feefa99 Cinemasins has already used that joke dude
If only you knew the power of the DARK SIDE...
@@sevens3 you mean DARK ENERGY
PBS Spacetime reminds me of my grandmother. Seriously. One of my favorite phrases she taught me was: "I'm smart enough to know, I'm not that smart". Other science shows I watch (including other PBS channels, literally a lifelong viewer of the organization) do teach me a lot, but I have no difficulty understanding them. This channel has me struggling, yet I still learn. I absolutely adore that! Thanks to the entire team for keeping me on my intellectual toes!
Exactly!
I think that goes for most of us here.
I’m learning something, but I don’t know what exactly I’m learning.
So happy I’m not the only person having trouble with this
Isnt that a famous quote of a Greek philosopher? Plato maybe?
His grandma is Socrates
6:18 that caught me off guard! Bloodborne being one of the greatest games ever, and about as mysterious as dark matter!
That French would be the universe's lingua franca makes a lot of sense, considering its quantum weirdness.
Can't wait till dark matter is merely the matter formally known as dark matter.
Hahahaha nice one XD
its still dark if we know what it is
Imagine that we succeed to see dark matter and realize they're giant, Cthulhu-like beings. They would be just moving, not minding our microscopic lives ... until they fatefully do.
When I was little I always heard, “The Artist FORMERLY known as Prince, and wondered what he is called currently, or if that is his title now... It made logical sense since P. Diddy, I mean Sean “Puffy” Combs, I mean P. Didd-oh I mean Diddy, seemed to change his name like Larry King did wives.
@@En_theo like the end of MIB.
6:25 Ah yes, the two types of scientists. The Bloodborne Hunter and Mordin Solus... Then again, I actually like this dichotomy. This channel knows its original core audience a bit too well. Though it's kind of amazing how big it is now.
Well done PBS space-time! You are speaking to the next generation and getting them to pursue intellectual growth and development well done!
I love PBS Space Time, as a Physicist here is a simple concept there are NO mystery particles just far more black holes than we currently understand. This simple and known concept makes all dark matter theories of a magical particle vanish !!
Guys, massive props to everyone involved in making this. This video in particular is using metaphors, animation, summary and segues in really nice ways. I'm just a regular dude and you are making theoretical physics so accessible (yet challenging) for a somewhat mentally above average citizen in a rich country. It's really beyond my level... But... Kind of not, explained like this.
They switched the labels for quarks and leptons at 1:50, but I'm still impressed by this video, and I'm very impressed by the channel as a whole. EDIT: in fact, I consider it to be the best educational channel on CZcams.
Did you know that almost everyone considers themselves "somewhat mentally above average"? It's called the superiority bias and by definition, more than half of the people are wrong in their assessment
@@mwissel For sure, I know about it. I'm in the half that's right about it though, based on objective performance in 18 years of education. Not saying I am superior human being, just that Space Time is very good at explaining things for decently smart people. But I am not a genius, if I was I'd be a theoretical phycisist myself. I'm not.
Because no one knows the truth of the cosmos ( infinite or finite / endless or temporary) much speculation, imagination, calculation and modeling has been acceptable, and taken by consensus of opinion to be the most likely true. To say that "the universe is expanding" is an absolute term , which does not conform to observation. All things within the cosmos are temporary but not the universe as a whole , all part of it are fractions of it , endlessly recycled. Which means there is as much negentropy as there is entropy ie , creation ( negetropy) is a continual event at the same time as destruction (entropy) . Or we can believe that all time, matter, energy and space itself appeared in nothingness without a cause , and certainly without a creator entity of any kind since there would be nowhere for them to exist.
The choice one has to make seems simple yet it has profound consequences.
Science cannot prove or disprove either case, currently and never will ( that is the nature of infinity). Did the universe have a beginning or not. ? This is fundamentally a choice that everyone eventually makes , regardless of it being chosen consciously or not. Dose your universe have a boundary or not ? We are a separate and a part of the whole at the same time . Since all we are comes from here and shall return to here , in this sense we are eternal , but in our life time we are separate and temporal, just like "every - thing" . There is no other place one can be. either as an entity or dissolved energy, mater and patterns.
In dark matter , it could be that our maths , simply does not work at that scale.
@@alanforster378 -- 2/10. I was expecting you to end the comment with "Google 'truth contest' to become enlightened".
6:35 Ha! That "theorist" the animators snuck in is none other than Mordin Solus, the famous Solarian researcher from Mass Effect! He is the very model of a scientist Solarian, after all 😉 😄 "Had to be me, someone else might have gotten it wrong." Hats off to the animation team for all the ME references, well done. 😎✌
Oof. That quote! That moment caries weight. Where men cried...
@@BobCanRead Oh man, right? So many feels!
Well the observationist is literally just the hunter from bloodborne with the saw clever and pistol.
The experimentalist is a hunter from bloodborne
I came looking for this comment. Mordin Solus is hands down one of my favorite characters of all time.
This is one of the best episodes on this channel. I have maintained that Dark Matter may be beyond our capability to detect, just as a fish could not experience Mt. Everest. Besides unexplained gravity, there's no evidence of Dark Matter. It may be a dimension we cannot sense.
You just take the fish up Everest in a fish tank, it’s doable.
"There's no evidence of dark matter." I understand what you're trying to say, but really you're just restating the absolute most basic obvious part of dark matter, which is that all we see is its effect and it could be just about anything. It's like... yep, uh-huh, good job, dark matter could be anything and probably isn't matter, but that was supposed to be the premise the episode was based on and explored, not the conclusion you're supposed to have drawn by the end.
Probably some new rules of physics that we haven't discovered yet because the material we need to study is a little beyond our reach and/or we're not sure where/what it is or how to find it. It might not even exist but could just be a tweak we need to make to a rule or theory we've already taken for granted. I really don't think it's exotic matter unless it exists in another dimension or 'brane' that extends its reach into our 'neighbourhood'. Of course, if that was the case we would still be no further ahead cuz we still wouldn't know what it was... we'd just know where it came from. Of course then we;d need to find out where "that" was. On and on it goes, curiouser and curiouser.
I also got into physics due to this show. I am in my third quartile of the first year now. Thank you for inspiring me too!
Then it's your job to make it interesting again. Right now it's a toss-up for me between a glass of warm milk and a CZcams physics lecture.
"by the time I've finished this sentence, up to a billion billion people have already liked and commented, despite how early you were to this video"
What are your numbers for likes and views? Mine is 2384 views and 304:4 for L:D ratio...
@ yep, "up to a billion billion" includes 2384.
@@betabenja cool man...have a nice day
@@betabenja Analogous to , as the Pythons pointed out in their "advert" for LLap Goch (the secret Welsh art of SELF DEFENCE) ...
"....GO TO BED WITH UP TO ANY LUDICROUS NUMBER OF GIRLS YOU CARE TO THINK OF PROVIDING YOU REALIZE THIS STATEMENT IS QUITE MEANINGLESS AS THE PHRASE "UP TO" CLEARLY INCLUDES THE NUMBER 'NOUGHT'."
(Thought it was about time (and space) that somebody dragged an obscure Python reference into the conversation).
I always like this channel before I watch because it always good.
"Had to be me, someone else might have gotten it wrong"
Right in the Solas feels...
The very model of a scientist Solarian
@@richardpasque5189 Don't make me cry :(
right? That line hits me everytime. Can't wait for the remaster that'll hopefully be out soon!
Hi Matt! I see all your videos, they are great.
As for dark matter, what if it didn't exist. And I'm not talking about the theories that modify the laws of gravity (MOND). Are you familiar with the work of Mariateresa Crosta from INAF? Using data from the Gaia probe, they modeled using relativity and the precise proper positions and motions of stars in the Milky Way. And it seems that in this model, dark matter is not necessary for the Milky Way to move as we see it moving. What do you think? Greetings from Argentina.
We saw in your other recent video how the warping of time creates gravity.
Question: if time were to be warp in certain regions for reasons unrelated to the density of particles, would such warping have an effect similar to what we describe as dark matter?
As for what else could warp time, there may be a number of picks (e.g. string theory's other 6 or 7 dimensions interacting with time, or anything else )
LSPs: Actually Lumpy Space Princess, the extra element, the lumps
I've sometimes wondered if that is where they started from to develop Lumpy Space Princess. Seems like a nice geeky reference for a character who lives in another dimension and is orthogonal to the other elements.
oh my glob
Just checked in to see if anyone did the joke yet. My head zoomed out on the first LSP and i had to rewatch to get what he was saying after that...
I miss Finn and Jake soo baaaaaad😭😭😭😭😭 😭😭😭
The show was clearly ahead of its time. He made a black hole from 4d bubble tesseract.
The 8-bit style intro gave me a chuckle. 😄
1:40 I guess electrons are quarks now, and ups are leptons.
Kudos to the editing team though, it looks delightful from the intro to the end.
Really loving PBS Terra’s “Weathered” series, thanks for the heads-up about it!! 🌬❤️🌪
Love that "The Theorist" is a Salarian xD. Especially since biotics in Mass effect is the control of dark matter.
"Glitch in the understanding of gravity"....... Well, we're trying to unify quantum mech. and relativity, while even our understanding of the two may have bugs..
And on top of that to do that we use math which also isn't perfect
Well maybe your correct, maybe you should check into quantized inertia. Just don’t mention on certain forms on Reddit or they will ban u. Apparently getting darpa funding means the theory was “made up nonsense, or pseudoscience”, getting closer to real truths can grind people’s gears. Best of luck in searches for answers, I hope we all end up at similar conclusions
1:50 leptons and quarks have the colours reversed! Leptons are the ones in orange and quarks the ones in yellow.
They dont really have a colour though.
@@jonathanjeffrymulyana4390 Quarks actually do, in a confusing way.
@@gubx42 There are colours and colours.
@@gubx42 color charge isn't colour tho
It is a subtle way to show you how simple details can undermine your entire thought process, based ona conventional rule with no real relevance.
Great video! I've been waiting for someone to explain it in an undertandable way!
Time for some more mind-numbing fun, and talk about the end of that intro theme
I live in Karachi Pakistan and I like your comment if you don't mind thanks
We are the ghosts of the universe.
1:52, your chart is color coded incorrectly. Quarks and leptons mixed up
You are right, they mixed it up
yes.
Noticed that, too. Glad I'm not crazy.
Came here to verify. Thanks.
Why does the color matter?
I love the way he says 'now' when moving onto another bit. Like I completely got the bit before the 'now'.
Growing up with analog television that could pick up 4 channels, with an antenna and wires that lead to the television connected the tv by the window, if the wind blew you had to go and turn the antenna again the pick up the signal, VHF /UHF including PBS you couldn't get anything else, but at that time the late 1960s/70s wouldn't trade it at all. learned so much prior this was very close to this, I wasn't aware of dark matter until here recently but there was talk of something that leads up to dark matter and other things in other words as the kid inside me still says WOW.
The Mordin Solas cameo made me smile :)
"Had to be me, soneone else might have gotten it wrong."
The four fundamental forces remind me a lot of the end of the Steven universe intro.
"With garnet amethyst and pearl"
"And Steven"
I have to say, plenty of content on this channel goes over my head but this video was fantastic! I was able to follow and I learned a lot. Great work!
Viva La Revolution! We must free particles from the tyranny of the Standard Model! But seriously you guys should do the history of the Standard Model and its competitor theories. But also why the Standard Model still holds up. It gives perspective and shows that we are always learning even if its new reasons why the Standard Model is correct.
10:14
DARK MATTER HALOS. What a great band name!:)
Loved the little Bloodborne reference! Makes me wonder if we just can't see dark matter, maybe Master Willem was right, we need more eyes, more insight.
Having too much insight can also be a bad thing
The background audio/fx/mix is really well done. Kudos to the postprod team.
What i learned from this: You need a Playstation 1 to visually explain dark matter hunters. xD
6:17 nice, love the Mass Effect and Bloodborne references there :D
What if anti-matter particles interacted with dark matter particles at the beginning of the universe, leaving regular and anti-dark matter particles left, but unable to interact.
That's exactly what the WIMP interaction strength calculation is based on
Thank for increasing my info and collective fact in one video
The pun at the end of the episode got me too good. Props to the writing team. Love the show.
LOL 8-bit Space Time? Sign me up baby!
The Bloodborne characters as scientist categories aren't appreciated enough.
just made a comment about them. They're not both Bloodborne characters though. It's a little hard to see but Im 99.9% sure that's a Salarian from Mass Effect, specifically Mordin Solus.
@@SpydersByte Ah thanks for clearing it up 😊, first one definitely is though. I thought the second one just had brighter armour like the white church set..
@@SpydersByte I'm fairly certain the two scientists are The Inquisitor from Dragon Age, and Mordin Solus from Mass Effect. Both Bioware games, both fantastic. Both Diametrically opposed in setting.
Came to the comments for the hunter
@@echo104b that's the iconic bloodborne hunter with the tricorne yarnahm hunters hat and saw cleaver, and flintlock pistol, it's definitely, 100%, bloodborne
Timely addition to the Dark Matter playlist, and that 8-bit Intro! 😃
The fact that Dark-Matter settles in a Halo structure, because it doesn't experience EM-Fields & Co, was mind-blowing for me!
For the "Twin Paradox": it's all about the asymmetry in Length Contraction (the Static Twin only sees the ship contracting).
PS : Einstein may be a "Theoretical Physicist", but at least he's not a Failed Star Hunter 😃
9:50 This makes so much sense and I love it.
wimp = weak person = weakly interacting massive particle = wimp
Matt, I don't know what I'm going to do with all the information I have leant from binge watching your videos over the past year but I do know now that you're on my top 3 fantasy dinner party guests along with Ron Swanson and Marcus Aurelius. Michael Scott might be upset you took his space but well that's life. Keep up the great work you do!!
Was eagerly waiting for this video for a long time!❤️ 😄
Me too 😊
Nerd.
@@BrettSucks troll
@@Therock151214
luls
I love it when you internet people use your most favourite & most predictable word in your vocabulary.
I wonder if Ken Wheeler watches these videos?
Yesterday, I read an article that a paper had been published calculating the likely mass of dark matter particles. It rules out WIMPs (based on current understanding). One, what an exciting time to be alive. Two, I'm glad your video came out first because the WIMP animation was fantastic.
Dark matter is so yesterday. While it doesn't completely eliminate the need for dark matter, MOND coupled with 2eV neutrinos offers a succinct and parsimonious explanation for our galactic observations without having to presume the existence of exotic matter.
Woah, never though I will be seeing a bloodbourne reference on this channel.
16:27 Hey now! I thought I only had to deal with this (high) quality of humor on PBS Eons!
Very interesting and worthwhile video.
Wow. Amazing editing. Congrats!
This is awesome. I try to follow as much as I can on a conceptual level which can get tough sometimes because the nitty gritty includes more context of those concepts, but it always pushes me to learn more which is awesome :)
6:28 Mordin Solus! "Had to be me. Someone else might have gotten it wrong ..."
WOW!! A new PBS Space Time segment in oh..galactic timescales!! :D
One of your most intriguing videos for sure!
Could “dark matter” be the lack of stuff? Like a low pressure region of space? Assuming that not all parts of space are expanding at the same rate, could the faster expanding high pressure areas of space be curving space toward the slower expanding lower pressure regions of space?
I like this question. Leaving a comment for closure.
Obvious problem: Bullet Cluster
Search for Erik Verlinde's elastic universe. His ideas are along those lines.
@ I’d love to know if it is true that not all points in space are expanding at the same rate.
If so, why wouldn’t a slowly expanding region of space, surrounded by quickly expanding space, create an effect similar to that created by mass/energy? ( .i.e. similar to the way that high pressure and low pressure works in our atmosphere ). I don’t know anything here, but would love to hear a discussion on it and assuming I’m wrong, learn why I’m wrong.
@@XEinstein Thanks for the reference. I just found a couple of his videos, but unfortunately, he is way too technical for me to follow.
Why dark matter self interaction means it can lose energy? A kind of elastic collision should be possible. No? Like a cosmic ideal gas, just without thermal radiation.
Best intro 0:20 :D Matt is like the Professor Oak of Particle Physics!
Good Luck Brandon !!! Keep moving forward !!
The diagram legend at 1:40 swapped the colors for leptons and quarks.
Well diagram colours are arbitrary tbf
graph at 1:44 seems to have mixed the color coding up between quarks and leptons.
A more out there theory.
What if Dark Matter is the normal matter of a parallel universe overlayed on our universe, the only thing making it's way though is the Gravity, but the effect is so diffuse that it makes the effect "Puffy" on our end.
Think the sheet Multiverse proposition, Dark Matter would be the Gravitational influence of the universes above and below our sheet
Listen
Dark Matter is conserved , Every Matter is diferent form of dark matter .
And everything about dark matter is wrong , Where there is nothing there is dark matter which is uncreatable and undestructble
The way you explained it is great. Forces are languages with which particles talk with each other
If dark mater was comprised of these matter antimatter counterparts that were created in the early universe and are having problems finding their counterpart, wouldn't this give dark matter a half-life as they slowly find each other and annilate? Thus you could check the quantity of dark matter in galaxies across time and see if more recent ones have less dark matter?
Also, what would their annilation produce? When normal matter and antimatter do so, the result is, among other things, light which we can detect. Would dark matter and anti matter annilation produce light or something else entirely?
Yes, on all counts.
Dark matter particles might even be their own antiparticle (As is the case with photons.) The strength of their interaction would govern their half life. We have in fact looked for such a signal and found none yet, which puts constraints on their decay. astromev.in2p3.fr/?q=aboutus/dark-matter-annihilation-and-decay
Given the mass of dark matter this makes it unlikely much has decayed over time. (And a complication arises in that while large galaxies have about the same dark matter content, smaller ones can vary from none to more than 99% dark matter.)
A meeting of particle and antiparticle is basically a rearrangement. Two go in, two go out. The most likely result is two photons. All forces are connected (As far as we know, even if only by gravity. The strength of interaction determines how frequently products appear.)
Imagine all of those dark matter civilizations, trying to figure out where the missing 20% of the matter is. Well, are they in for a shock :)
"Our galaxy's central black hole seems a little more 'fuzzy' than expected..."
"Experimental error, forget it."
Thank you for doing these. It's really hard for the average person to get real information about this stuff. It's nice to be able to understand the evidence and know that it's not all just guesses
Amazing explanation!
I have been trying to understand about dark matter for months now and after listening carefully to your explanation, now i understand that i am an idiot since i still understand absolutely nothing.
The video is 16 minutes long and was posted 7 minutes ago, confirming that people do not wait to watch the whole thing before commenting 😂🤙
It all depends on what fraction of the speed of light you are traveling, or how close to a black hole you are located. 😁
No it means there is no universal time and each point in space experiences it's own time and events. Some commenters experienced this video earlier relative to you
Ahaha I see what you guys did 😂
Based on telepathy maybe I've already watched/heard parts of it. I dreamed the matrix 4 around 2017, often get spoilers while running outside my ultramarathons then the films happen.. and now 2021-2022 in october we gn ahave matrix 4
I'm going to college next month, of course, physics
Good luck I'm a civil Engineering major but I love me some non technical astronomy and astrophysics
The Salarian was a very pleasing touch!
I have said elsewhere that inviolate CPT symmetry implies antiparticles are traveling backwards in time, the big bang created equal particles and antiparticles, but they quickly separated, the antiparticles going backwards in time to form the previous universe, which we see as a universe undergoing a big crunch (and they would see themselves as expanding and us as collapsing). If as this episode suggests, dark matter is also a particle type created at the big bang, but there is a problem with dark matter antiparticles, the time reversal of antiparticles also completely solves this.
Would wimps "loose" energy to gwaves given they interact by g?
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Yes, though the process would be agonizingly slow. Our own sun should be doing this at a much greater rate and it's hardly spiraling into the galaxy's core.
@@garethdean6382 Why would it be so extremely small? Is it because the wimps themself would have to be so light? Would that effect be measurable at all?
@@maxmusterman3371 The loss of energy is proportional to the speed and mass of the object. This is why merging black holes produce the most powerful waves, they are both heavy and fast. We can detect nearby merging neutron stars but not, say, merging white dwarfs. The energy Earth loses in this fashion is estimated to be enough to power a dim lightbulb. WIMPs would be far lighter and orbiting far, far slower. All the stars in the galaxy would fall into its core before the dark matter halo contracted significantly.
@@garethdean6382 thank you
Hasn't Super Symmetry basically been ruled out by the LHC?
Not really. It is still possible that supersymmetric particles have masses greater than originally expected, and so haven't been detected yet. But I wouldn't bet on it.
There are multiple models of Super Symmetry. The models with the lightest particle masses were killed by it. Wouldn't bet my money on SS being right though
I really want to hear more about the idea of dark sector with an entire panteon of particles and force carrying 'dark bosons' I know it all all speculative for now but still so exciting.
This is some weird and wild stuff.
Can we represent the dark matter particle with “ǝ”?
Become a physicist, write an influential paper using that as the dark matter particle representation, and it'll likely stay as the representation
From a general layman's mind. If dark matter particles don't interact with each other...I am fine with that...but both particles still have mass. And if they are "cold " would they not clump?
Yeah, I don't understand either why they wouldn't gravitationally collapse just like regular matter collapses into stars, planets etc. And if dark matter particles don't interact with each other, there should be nothing stopping them from collapsing completely into a black hole. What am I missing?
Say 2 rocks are gravitationally attracted to each other in space: when they make contact (thanks to electromagnetism), their relative velocities become zero, and the kinetic energy just converts to heat or something. If they couldn’t physically interact, they would pass straight through each other and keep going; any energy lost by one would be exactly gained by the other. If dark matter can only interact gravitationally, then it can’t clump up because gravity alone can’t bring the relative motion of 2 ghostly moving objects down to zero. Even if some dark matter particles entered some kind of orbit, it would just take a little interference to scatter it all apart again.
Thanks for the vid. Always great.
Simple analogy. Thanks for the concise explanation. Mass without electromagnetic field might become useful someday.
Why worry about cryptocurrency quotes if there is FBC14 algorithm?
I still don’t get it. The dark particle has gravity, but is weakly interacting. So I get why it doesn’t affect us. But why doesn’t it clunk together? Into large stars / dark black holes / you know dark clunks of particles? I mean it has enough time to do so....
They don't interact with each other much, 1 of the 4 qualifiers for dark matter as mentioned in the video. Therefore they don't clump up much through gravity with themselves, instead affecting other particles more, explanation at 4:08
Great episode and great animation. Maybe Samus vs. Dark Samus would fit well here, too. (from Metroid, Nintendo)
Dark "matter" sounds like a sophomore physics major trying to bluff their way through an oral exam:
Professor, "If you measured all the matter in the universe why are your measurements so off?"
Student, "Um... Dark Matter? Oh! And have you heard of Dark Energy? Totally real."
The annoying problem is that the professor's asked all the usual questions and the issue's still there.
"You checked the measurements?"
"Yes."
"You got the rest of the class to check?"
"Yup."
"You tried the lensing AND rotation methods?"
"Same results."
"Well ya got me there then..."