Hi Jose, Surface charge can come from three sources 1 - Dissociation of ions 2 - Unsatisfied bonds 3 - Isomorphous Substitution (sounds complicated, but its not) 1 Dissociation of ions is easy. If the material has carboxyl groups (-COOH) or hydroxyl groups, (-OH), or other ionisable groups, then an atom will dissociate and go off in solution, leaving a net surface charge on the solid. 2 Unsatisfied bonds Imagine sheets of molecules as we see in graphite, silica, clay or talc (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talc). In the body of the structure all the bonds are satisfied, BUT, at the edges, they will have unsatisfied valence electrons. Both of the above are very pH dependant. 3 Isomorphous substitution No materials are absolutely pure. In an Al based mineral, sometimes a silicon atom will replace an aluminium atom, so a +3 ion is replaced by a +4 ion, giving a net charge of +1. Or a Al (+3) ion may be replaced by a Fe (+2), ion, giving I net charge of -1 Hope this helps Best regards Steve
Hi Steve, why should I measure zeta potential when I surveyed wet end system in a paper mill? And what method needed to measure zeta potentials? Thank you, nice video by the way, help me a lot
Hi. Thanks for your question. Zeta potential tells you how much or how little the particles in your system are attracted to each other. As a simple example imagine you have a very low value Fines will stick into fibres and so you will have a higher first pass retention and good drainage on the wire. If you have a high zeta potential things will not stick together. So fines will either go straight through the wire and give you a lower first pass retention Or they will fill the gaps between fibres and so slow down drainage Hope this helps Best wishes, Steve
@@PaperClassroom Hi Steven, thanks for the explanation. I have another question if you don't mind, if zeta potential can be applied like your explanation above, what about PCD measurement? Why we also need to check the PCD? Thank you for your help
Hi, Thank you for your question. The words are Frog spawn - the eggs that frogs lay. In frog spawn, the central black dot, is the tadpole (the baby frog), and it is surrounded by a clear jelly-like substance. I am saying this is very like the effect of the electrical double layer. There is a solid particle (equivalent to the frog), and the ions surrounding it hold on to a a layer of solvent (equivalent to the jelly). I hope this makes sense to you
Since every cell of the body is an electrochemical 'factory', we can imagine the moment of conception as the first 'reaction' producing a Double-layer. That original double-layer will contain all the subsequent double-layers produced by the body during its existence. At death, the double-layer is closed and independent of the body ... but 'eternal' ... the metamorphosis of Life into Data by way of the Soul ... Proof of continued existence after death by the simple knowledge of the reality of Double-layers!
3.21 beyond was most useful for me, thanks for clarifying that the smaller zeta potential easier for partciles get together
Thank you, sir!
Great explanation!!!
Your explanation was very simple and easy to understand. Thank you, sir.
Best regards for you ❤
thanks a pile. It was very useful
Very helpful!
Thank you so much
thank you so much
u were quite understanding
Can you explain why the surface in negatively charged at the beginning? Thank you, very nice video.
Hi Jose,
Surface charge can come from three sources
1 - Dissociation of ions
2 - Unsatisfied bonds
3 - Isomorphous Substitution (sounds complicated, but its not)
1 Dissociation of ions is easy. If the material has carboxyl groups (-COOH) or hydroxyl groups, (-OH), or other ionisable groups, then an atom will dissociate and go off in solution, leaving a net surface charge on the solid.
2 Unsatisfied bonds
Imagine sheets of molecules as we see in graphite, silica, clay or talc (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talc). In the body of the structure all the bonds are satisfied, BUT, at the edges, they will have unsatisfied valence electrons.
Both of the above are very pH dependant.
3 Isomorphous substitution
No materials are absolutely pure. In an Al based mineral, sometimes a silicon atom will replace an aluminium atom, so a +3 ion is replaced by a +4 ion, giving a net charge of +1. Or a Al (+3) ion may be replaced by a Fe (+2), ion, giving I net charge of -1
Hope this helps
Best regards
Steve
Steven Mann Thank you very much for your time, Steve. I appreciate it. Nice videos 👍
Hi Steve, why should I measure zeta potential when I surveyed wet end system in a paper mill? And what method needed to measure zeta potentials?
Thank you, nice video by the way, help me a lot
Hi. Thanks for your question. Zeta potential tells you how much or how little the particles in your system are attracted to each other. As a simple example imagine you have a very low value Fines will stick into fibres and so you will have a higher first pass retention and good drainage on the wire.
If you have a high zeta potential things will not stick together. So fines will either go straight through the wire and give you a lower first pass retention Or they will fill the gaps between fibres and so slow down drainage
Hope this helps
Best wishes, Steve
@@PaperClassroom Hi Steven, thanks for the explanation. I have another question if you don't mind, if zeta potential can be applied like your explanation above, what about PCD measurement? Why we also need to check the PCD?
Thank you for your help
@@okiharyonugroho2750 same doubt waiting for answers.
Thank you 😊❤️😊 sir
Sorry but what is that picture in 3.18. I cannot hear the words clearly when you pronounce it.
Hi, Thank you for your question. The words are Frog spawn - the eggs that frogs lay. In frog spawn, the central black dot, is the tadpole (the baby frog), and it is surrounded by a clear jelly-like substance.
I am saying this is very like the effect of the electrical double layer. There is a solid particle (equivalent to the frog), and the ions surrounding it hold on to a a layer of solvent (equivalent to the jelly).
I hope this makes sense to you
Since every cell of the body is an electrochemical 'factory', we can imagine the moment of conception as the first 'reaction' producing a Double-layer. That original double-layer will contain all the subsequent double-layers produced by the body during its existence. At death, the double-layer is closed and independent of the body ... but 'eternal' ... the metamorphosis of Life into Data by way of the Soul ...
Proof of continued existence after death by the simple knowledge of the reality of Double-layers!
what the actual f@ck? this is science, go away!