Mark Hylkema: California during the Spanish and Mexican Colonial Periods, 7/22/17
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- čas přidán 13. 03. 2018
- Mark Hylkema, Santa Cruz District archaeologist and CA State Park ranger, presented this lively and interesting talk at the "220 Years Villa de Branciforte" celebration on 22 July, 2017, organized by the Villa de Branciforte Preservation Society with Ed Silveira, and Bria Steinbruner, a student at AFE, one of the Branciforte Small Schools.
Mark begins with the first Spanish explorers conquering the Aztecs, and tells about the Portolá expedition in 1769, when California suddenly went from prehistory to history, like "the flip of a switch."
The many native tribes had managed the land for thousands of years for bountiful harvests of acorns and grass seeds. The "Ohlone" alone consisted of 50 tribes with 7 different languages. The villages welcomed the strangers with celebrations and food.
A hundred years later, the Spanish mission system, with presidios, missions, and pueblos, had put an end to their tribal land use and way of life. About 100,000 native people, nearly one third of the population, had died as a direct consequence of the missions of California.
After Mission Santa Cruz (1791), Villa de Branciforte was founded in 1797 as a secular town on the Camino Real.
The first part of the presentation was augmented by Dorothee Ledbetter with more pictures.
I loved this presentation. I teach 4th graders California History. We create a timeline of the Native Americans from pre-European contact to present day. Every year, I learn more about the injustices that they endured.
Loved your presentation. I am now in my 80s. I attended public schools in California. In elementary school, we were told that the padres came up from Mexico and built beautiful missions. The Indians were converted to Christianity and civilized. Nothing was said about forced labor and disease.
... and if you were any kind of self-respecting Xian nationalist, that's the way you'd want to keep it.
Exactly. In San Fernando they have murals and art renderings that show the Spanish nobles and Indigenous labor as if they are one happy family. When we realize no one other than the religious clergy cared if the missions were built or not, then we have think critically and realize Indigenous labor was enslaved.
@@BobU2b1 her heart is good Bob. plus, you know that the mormons were high-jacked by the occult free masons with an agenda to advance westward. you know that the ol' us fed government was also a very big sponsor of all the attempted genocides here in cali ....some attempts 100% successful, some only 40% to 80% successful.
@@BobU2b1 c'mon mr. rowell, you and i both know that the schools couldn't tell these truths because it would worry and scare everyone. so they just said disease came and measles wiped 'em out , etc
the schools ain't gonna teach about the "sunset curfews" placed on the native here post 1849 ... any 'indian' (read first nation person) caught traveling after sunset could be locked up in something like the drunk-tank for a period of a full 72 hours if caught out after sundown. same with traveling between counties, an indian needed to have a permission slip signed by his/her mayor, lol. cannot makes this stuff up man. but the schools are most assuredly not going to be sharing this
this gentlemen does some excellent research. however, Queen Isabella had signed all orders into place which prohibited the killing of the native peoples. so, work and teaching of horticulture, etc., was the methodology. just as in mexico and the southwest. but! things became wild around the time that mexico got their independence from spain. nobody in mexican lands was any longer required to abide by the original orders of Isabella (who was deeply catholic in her heart).
but it was not only the mexican men who would soon need an exorcism from the greed-spirit .... soon, many more men/invaders would come. some of the invaders even came here on assignment by the ol' u.s. federal government. some of those invaders were given particular assignments related to the eradication of the "indian problem." federally funded
My 5th great uncle Nicolas Galindo was on the Anza expedition. His grandson had one of the first land grants at lake Merced.
They are buried at Santa Clara mission
It’s really a small world, yes?
As a Anthropology graduate from the University of San Bernardino and a six generation Calliforniano I really appreciated this presentation. In one of my classes on native Americans we covered one group in the San Diego area of Southern California called Kumeyaay/Diegueno. What is interesting in comparing this group with the central native groups is that they were a "seasonal round" substance hunting gathering group. Winter areas found them on the coast living off of sea foods and in the summer living in the mountains eating pinon nuts. They also spent time in northern area of Baja California. This adaptation to their environment appears to be extremely different from the Central and Northern California groups. I also read Anne Fishers book " Cathedral in the Sun ". She used the oral history of Isabella Meadows, the daughter of Carmel Mission Indian, to tell the life of the mission Indians in Carmel Valley. I am also the great grandson of Franciso Luis Boranda. His adobe in the State of California at Salinas was where my grandmother lived before they moved to Baja California.
are you yet been introduced to the work of Prof. Benjamin Madley?
@@admirationlakes8994 : I have not read any of his history of the Native Americans. I’ll have to give one of his books a read. I studied the Navajo and Hopi cultures in class and wrote a paper on the Yaqui culture in Mexico. I learned from the Yaquis survival from the Spanish invasion compared to the California indigenous groups was from their warrior system. Every male Yaqui was a warrior and met the Spanish military invasions with enough force to make every attempt very costly. The Yaquis were defending what they perceived to be their spiritual lands to defend to their death. They negotiated with the Spaniards from a position of strength. This their key for survival. On the other hand, it appears that the many California indigenous groups lack this strength to resist the Spanish Military.
Very interesting! Thank you!
Riveting presentation!!! I grew up in Tucson, AZ & I remember walking around old, old smelly (musty) adobe ruins in a playground where arrowheads were just laying on top of the ground to pick up & take home. I remember seeing some Indians ride horses into downtown Tucson for their part in parades in all their finery. It was amazing to me & I just love learning about this history with the native peoples. Their turquoise & other beautiful stones… pottery…etc. I moved at 9 yrs old when my mother remarried to a military man & I’ll always hold dear these desert 🌵 lands. I live in OK now which has its own stories.Fascinating! I’m 60 now & I have time to learn these wonderful accounts of the history of our world. Thank you uTubers!!!
I love tucson
great video was always curious about California during the colonial periods, its one of the former Spanish territories that I haven't learned too much about.
pre Civil War period is a bit more interesting and colorful, lots of chaos.
This is a truly impressive presentation - outstanding job, Mark! Fun, accurate, comprehensive, and so much more. I am a historian and so wish I could communicate as effectively as you.
Fantástico recollection of facts, stories, tribal Peoples and the expansión of Europeans into the Native Americans. Amazing history and a wonderful way narrating the History of California Mark.
Amazing documentary, very epic story of the exploration of ancient California.
wow, you should check out jon levi videos on this subject. Epic is not even the word.
all of 300 yrs is 'ancient' apparently...
Excellent documentary.
Just what I was looking for sir.
A mí me encanta el significado de California y porqué los españoles le pusieron ese nombre, Saludos desde España.
Saludos de California
My husband’s brother lives in Spain with his Spanish wife & their grown children + grandchildren. He’s a Czech decedent but his wife is pure Spanish blood. We’d love to go there some day & see that beautiful country with our own eyes.
Mark, this was very good - thank you for sharing - really enjoyed it and learn quite a bit.
Thank you, Mark!
Excellent talk: thank you very much.
Thank you for this. And yes we are still here :)
I have traced my ancestory to the ice age migration. We originated in Saberia when Mongolian & Japanese began our lenage around 270AD. I tried back 69 generation. When my ancestors migration down to California & settled in Los Angeles & San Gabriel. I was told by my grandmother we are part of Tongva & Chumesh. My great grandparents rest place is at the SG mission. However I am not registered as a tribe member because I don't remember or have my roll number. I am continuing my quest & reserves.....
Was that Land Bridge still around 2000 years ago?
@@malaquiasalfaro81 😂🤣😅
Don't tell Dane Callaway............
@@carljohnson317 I keep hearing this name? there are so many Callaway(s). can you drop me a tip, please? who is this? a historian perhaps?
😮 Wow that’s incredible!!
thanks for giving this talk. it's important that we know what came before us + I fully commend you for this talk. If I had been able to attend in person, then surely I would have put on some food for everyone in attendance. it's worthwhile, it matters, and plus those maps you held on to are so cool
Great video! I was pleasantly surprised to hear my hometown Ventura mentioned 😊
Awesome presentation!
Thanks for sharing all this interesting information.
Thank you so much for this information.
Great timeline story! Thank you for sharing 😁
Devén estudiar los archivos mexicanos hai esta toda la historia de alta California
From a historian perspective, the absolute best narrative on the subject of California History. Absolutely incredible. Beautiful. Only 6K views. Sad. California has 40 mil population. Pathetic.
And here’s me watching it from Bonny Scotland 😂 because I just like history. Very very interesting. Do Americans get taught this kind of stuff in school out of curiosity
Because Californios don't respect their Spanish roots. Just their Aztec roots.
We New Mexicans Embrace BOTH👍
@@jkerr962 We do get taught for the most part. Unfortunately school age children don't care. Especially Hispanic kids. To involved in street B.S.
@@jkerr962 If folks from Scotland were here I'm sure everyone would vote to ensure it makes the curriculum. Land of Scotland knows the dangers of not preserving the truths of the past (no matter how ugly they were/are).
can you imagine what it feels like to be of a first-nations family here in cali ... where all the refugees from allllllllll over the world have come to try their luck .... and yet nobody knows or yet would rather remain ignorant of the land in which they daily dwell. I'm with you Mike; it is pathetic. (food for thought = probably how we also ended up with this crazy super majority in the assembly and the senate these last few years)
Nice vid - thanks for sharing
10/10 great video
Great info ty
We are descendants of the Spanish conquistadors. We are still here. And today we love our country and we will fight to protect her.
Most "Chicanos" don't embrace their Hispano roots, just their "Aztec" roots. Yet they speak Spanish 😏
There are Mexicans out there who are direct descendants of the conquistadors and Aztecs, but overall, a majority of us are descendants of European peasants/immigrants and random Indian tribes. It's the same thing as some gringo claiming he's a descendant of George Washington even though his ancestry comes from like Poland or Germany lol
@@R-BURQUENO Those Chicanos are less likely chicano and probably straight linked to D.F. (which is Mexico City). but, the Aztec way had become very perverse, violence towards women and children, eating of human hearts, etc. they/the Aztec were originally shunned/exiled and went trekking southbound until they landed in the swamplands/marshes of mexico city. getting back to why they were exiled, it's because they were committing too many sins against their own wives and children, no respect for their neighbors & they failed to keep/honor the old ways. so they got kicked out
@@R-BURQUENO Los indígenas no son solo aztecas también de distintos pueblos.
@@R-BURQUENO Aztec was a minority in the Viceroyalty...
The King and the Crown was the administrator of lands and gave the titles of property for colonicers, missions and tribes....
Gold discs sparked not only the Spaniards' imaginations but also their greed. You didn't mention their secret weapon for subjugating the Aztecs: the extinct breed of aggressive Cuban dogs. I learned this from another video. I loved this video because it seems you are quite knowledgeable and I learned some things.
Los ya había derrotados en 1521.
Thats interesting about the Cuban dogs. I am still listening to his presentation as I am texting you, he just said "you can check in but you can never leave ".
Clearly a reference to the song Hotel 🏨 California by the Eagles, such a lovely place? for the indigenous peoples, their time, life sentences, likely not a lovely experience.
Small Pox was a very effective Biological weapon, developed by the far from natural 🇨🇭 Swissys.
Generously applied to blankets, then presented as gifts 🎁 to the indigenous guests of the Hotel California's many locations.
Soon Hotels had a spike in vacancies & trouble finding free labour's.
🤔 problem solved, there is gold in there hills advertising campaign began.
Thank you for this exposure,
nice!
I found out recently San Francisco was originally named yerba Buena
mari juana 🤣😂
Spearmint
Went to California schools in the 1960’s and 70’s. The amount of info taught on the natives in amounted, in total, to an hour lecture. In other words the natives weren’t important
Great presentation. I was enthralled the entire video. Informative with some funny as well. I like that. My ancestors are from the Monterey Bay Area. I would love to pick your brain. But I’m certain you haven’t the time for that.
But just one question…..maybe two My ancestry says I have a greatx8ish grandmother who was a native of an area around where Watsonville is today. Could you tell me the name please of the tribal Indians in Watsonville by a river?
My Monterey family have the name Jose Feliciano Graxiola and Georgiana Hayden Graxiola. Both Mexican and was the constable in Monterey. And George Hayden who arrived with Commodore Sloats fleet of 3 ships at Monterey in 1848ish as well as gggggrandfather Austin and my ggggrandmother Boronda or Feliz Created Monterey Jack Cheese with an old house Jack.
I find your knowledge seems so correct and you truly seem to care.
So if you can tell me the name of the natives small tribe in Watsonville. I was told my ancestors were called Ohlone and the other was Salinian. Something like that.
Sorry if I’m vague.i don’t have my family’s info close by. I’m just so curious.
Thank you, Annie
Oh the second question is books. Where can I find a good book about the peoples of that area?
OkBye 😊
this is great! thank you. where does the lecturer teach?
Mark Hylkema is the Santa Cruz District Archaeologist and Tribal Liaison for California State Parks where he manages cultural resources within the District’s 32 park units. He offers public lectures occasionally. With 38 years professional experience in California archaeology, he is a Registered Professional Archaeologist (RPA) and has worked on archaeological projects throughout the state. His primary research emphasis and publications are focused on ancestral Native American cultures of the San Francisco Bay area, and early Spanish Colonial Period history. Mark is also an Adjunct Professor of Anthropology at Foothill College in Los Altos Hills, and has taught anthropology, archaeology, and Native American Studies courses at Santa Clara University, University of California at Santa Cruz, De Anza College, Ohlone College and Cabrillo College. Mr. Hylkema was President of the Society for California Archaeology (search scahome.org) during the 2015/2016 term and has contributed a great deal to the regional archaeological literature.
El Zorro , brought me here 👍
In deed California was.. Mexico's. Territory. General Vallejo last Mexican. General in north California. His cuartel quarters
Still intact in Vallejo county .
Iam proud of my ancestors that wave war against invaders from east coast. David Bowie gang in Alamo. Texas
July 22nd 2017 Mark Hylkema 220 Years Ago
Alta California
Ancient CemAnahuac will rise again ✊🏾
🤣🤣
CHALE
Shut up.
Spanish Subtitles please ...
Puerto navidad is in New Spain , not Spain, and was founded there at the Pacífic coast of México by Cortés
the ancient american hebrew lands and customs sound beautiful
This should be taught in grade school. George Washington and eastern history is irrelevant here
Actually it isn't.
It sounds like he is teaching it in grade school
@@joeforns That is a good thing.
Ca history is taught in fourth grade:) I taught 4th grade for ten years. Plenty of field tips to missions and gold rush areas!
Yes I believe this is standard 4th or 5th grade curriculum in the state. My best friend from years ago remembered most of the Spanish explorations just from grade school right up into early adulthood. It really is incredible to think about just how much raw land the Spanish Monarchy and Catholic Church were able to conquer internationally from the Philippines by Asian to parts of continental U.S. (Montana for “mountains” got its name from the conquistadors) all the way to the eastern Atlantic in the other ocean!
4:34 is not "costaños" it is "costeños"
57:25 bookmark
some of you missed the soup made of limbs ?
Unbelievably insensitive "joke" made: "the misson cemetery for the native people who check in, but can't check out".
The "first colonial foothold in Upper California" and "first of the 21 missons" was not San Carlos in 1770. It was Mission San Diego de Alcala, established July 16, 1769.
But we ALL check out at some point… It’s just a fact of life. I don’t think he meant any slur with that
Why do you say that spanish did not know about the diversity of the tribes while you are saying the documents for locate and name the tribes are the missions documents ? It is a little contradiction, don't you?.
Amazing how the Spaniards traveled through out the world without today’s technology
Imagine when the smallpox hit. destroyed everyone's lives.
Imagine how nice it must have been before the Europeans came
@@ZealotZabay it wasn’t that nice! The natives used to do war and slavery to each other,
@@jesusseoane2296 being enslaved by strangers that came on a boat and stole the promise land wasn’t better, but worse.
@@ZealotZabay promised land?? Are we talking about the same people? Stone Age people that where introduced to cattle for the first time, just take a look to the demographics of indigenous people in the Spanish America, multiplied by six in two hundred years!
@@jesusseoane2296 lol you clearly don’t know enough history. But also, quality > quantity.
give us back our land kid.
Why do you say "black ship" for the "Manila Galleon" or The China ship? Why you don't know the spanish names for these Major events...
Its Trippy that you dont mention the Miwoks even once? someone pay you to not mention us?
i'll have to rewind, but he digressed from going to deep into one topic involving the miwok of the northbay marin miwok i think he said it, but he also said it was a long story. it is a long story. but gotta admit that Marino was tough stuff, and very healthy and strong to be able to live into old age still working at the presidio boat yard
You cant rely on gringos teaching history-they conveniently leave a lot of info out
After the reconquista of the Iberian peninsula Spain had a thousands of unemployed soldiers. After Columbus returned from the Caribbean the King of Spain licensed Conquistadors to to the Americas. To conquer the natives and send back riches
No tienes ni puta de idea
I am very proud of my Spanish roots. My ancestors did very good. We. Are. Not. Sorry.
@@rodrigodiaz9472 Diaz, do not have a worry ... neither the Spanish nor the Mexican government ever offered $5 per indian scalp (woman or child), plus $200 for an indian scalp if it was of a man. However, the u.s. federal government did.
When the Californio put on a big rodeo y fiesta all were invited even the poor and lowly. were there jokes make about "los indios" the natives, yes sure they were ... but there was also lots of respect and a big need to keep them around and close because they knew all routes n resources. it was much more symbiotic than the liberal media might paint it.
the u.s. federal government, you see, would much rather that the populace be 'angry' with Spain + Catholicism ... using that disdain as a smokescreen for their own federally funded atrocities.
During this time, the 1800s
over to the east, Arizona, New Mexico and western Teaxas were fighting the indians before and after the Civil War, when the real Indian Wars started by the US Army...the Indians lose again.
not wars, attempted genocides, canons guns weaponry of that nature
Wow, I'd have to be high to listen anymore to this " lecture" on California.
But I'm not high so bye
BYE!!!
Stay ignorant!!
Well then get high and get grounded.
The social system is ESTAMENTAL in spanish (not castas), It is an open system for everybody, anyone can goes and study as military or priest to obtain nobilty by meritocracy... The catas system is a racial and closed system, never a Hispanic system was closed and racist.
If the Spaniards were to encounter people, they would spread the word of God and Jesus, how ironic is it, that the Native Americans were already closer to God than the Spaniards.
Have you read Columbus and the book of prophecies ? The book is over 1,000. Columbus brought a Hebrew speaking translator with him because he was looking for the lost tribes of Israel. The 4th part.
The LORD will bring a nation against you from far away, from the ends of the earth, like an eagle swooping down, a nation whose language you will not understand,
hey, thanks for the book recommendation. i've read columbus himself was of mizrahi lineage there in italia (from where he came).
British people used to call ye Yankees. Yank, Yankee. The term was wrong, it's squatters. That's what English speaking United States crowds did with our land California, belonging to our New Spain Empire. So thieves you are than American being a term our Father Morelos used refering to us for differentiating from Spaniards and you stole it too. 200 years later we're recovering our state employing that same strategy of ye. Just wait a while and we'll rewrite history talking about that brief period of yankee occupation.
Y California volverá a hablar sólo español.
Excellent, an entertaining way to get smart(er?). Are their other people like you (a bit weird) with amazing knowledge of heathen, savage, indian, native americans like me who know squat about their ancestry or culture. I am a ?% blood, limited knowledge wanna be looking for a simpler life that can learn from a bunch of confused ancestors (white/indian). I have trouble knowing villains from heroes. Seems mostly based on greed, faith, death and wealth (things hoped for). Is it possible to come up with something better now? I suggest more faith and much less of the others. And in the area of faith, how much does each of us know (REALLY?) about our faith and why we have it? Things like, does that faith turn a blind eye or excuse it's failures... More...
ah, I see you are on your grand walk-about now. that's wonderful (: may you meet all the right people at all the right times in all the right places. it will be fun
total bull
Why?
@@R-BURQUENO man you are lazy...coz I read history!. Go read (not anglo propaganda) real history. So I guess first will need to leanr another language, or labguages, strat reading, digest it, etc...never mind just stay ignorant
Long live the Spanish language. The Spanish missions. Viva Cristo Rey .
And yet even today, in your presentation you talk about natives as if they were objects, not people. You say history, I say propaganda.
De que fuentes te basas?
Spanish not good
It was never!! Spanish territory, was always Mexico 🇲🇽
It was never any ones land. It belonged to us natives. Indigenous people to the North of Mexico. It belong to my native brothers and sisters who died at the hands of ignorant people. It was never Mexico's or any other foreigners.
@@mikelara2345 Estuvo bajo dominio español hasta 1821 y fue parte de México hasta 1848.
Good job being an absolute piece of stinking shit, CZcams.