AUSTRONESIAN: DREHU & XÂRÂCÙÙ
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- čas přidán 25. 08. 2024
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These austronesian languages are really strange, their numbers are so different than any austronesian languages. Also Drehu language sounds a bit like a french probably because the influence of french
Notice the element cha, lue, eke in Drehu, and chaa, ru, fùè in Xarachuu
Cha = chaa = isa
Lue = ru = dua
Eke = epat (change p to k) = fùè
The sound changes could be like this. Super aberrant, if true
Austronesian is such a diverse & beautiful language family. 🥹
Where is lima？！！
seems like theres a strong melanesian substratum for these languages. theres also an undeniable strong french influence in pronunciation and lexicon noting that new caledonia is officially a french overseas territory (i.e. part of france politically). theyre very elegant sounding but for a more conservative austronesian language speaker, there's little points of similarity that i can pick up on, even with the pronunciation or basic words.
Can you illustrate influences from French?
@@AllanLimosinpronunciation is a bit similar to french
@@thadea1679A tiny bit then.
@@AllanLimosinit’s really more of the Pronounciation and new vowels and consonants, however most words are untouched and many words are completely evolved from Austronesian in such a complicated way it’s hard to see how it’s even connected, but just take a closer look at the numbers and compare it with other austronesian languages. It’s easier to see that they are similar
for the similarities
Xârâcùù = proto-austronesian
(to come) mɛ̃ = *mai
(you) kɤ = *i-kaSú
(thin ) mwariri = *ma-nipís
(red) mĩã = *ma-iʀaq
I could have thought that these language could be the direct branch under Austronesian (same level with Formosan and Malayo-Polynesian) due to how divergent the language is.
Informative as always.
_About the Austronesian Oceanian Drehu and Xââracùù speech codes:_
_/Using only the Austronesian Oceanian meaning of the aforementioned linguistic terms/._
_The Drehu language is spoken by the Kanaks, an ethnic group originally from New Caledonia, a French territory in the Pacific Ocean. It is the most widely spoken indigenous language in the country and belongs to the Austronesian language family. Drehu is considered a tonal language, which means that intonation and melody of speech are used to distinguish the meanings of words._
_The Xârâcùù language is an Austronesian language spoken by a specific ethnic group in the Pacific Ocean. As a language, it has anthropological, sociological, grammatical, linguistic and semiotic characteristics that contribute to its understanding and use within the community._
_In the anthropological context, the Xârâcùù and Drehu languages are intrinsically linked to the cultural identities and histories of the ethnic groups that speak them. It is through these languages that traditions, beliefs and knowledge pass from generation to generation, transmitting a unique worldview and a sense of belonging to the community._
_In the sociological context, the Xârâcùù and Drehu languages play vital roles in interpersonal communications, establishing bonds and strengthening social bonds between community members. They are vehicles of cultural expressions, allowing people to communicate and express their ideas, emotions and experiences in a meaningful way._
_At the grammatical level, the Xârâcùù and Drehu languages have a complex system of rules, structures and patterns that govern sentence construction, word formation and the general organization of the language. These grammatical elements help convey specific meanings and ensure mutual understanding between speakers._
_In the linguistic field, the study of the Xârâcùù and Drehu languages involves analyzing their phonetic, prosodic, morphological, syntactic and semantic characteristics. Linguists explore the structure of languages and their formal properties, as well as their relationships with other languages of the Austronesian family, in order to better understand their origin, evolution and variations._
_From the semiotic point of view, the Xârâcùù and Drehu languages are systems of signs that represent concepts, thoughts and meanings. They use sounds, words, gestures and other symbols to build messages and convey information within the community. Semiotic studies allow an in-depth analysis of the use of these signs and symbols in communication in xârâcùù and drehu._
_In the community context, the Xârâcùù language plays a crucial role in the cohesion and coexistence of the community. They are a central element of the speakers' cultural identity and their weakening or loss can negatively affect the transmission of traditional knowledge, social cohesion and ethnic pride._
_In summary, the Xârâcùù and Drehu languages are essential components of the cultural heritage and identities of the groups that speak them. Their anthropological, sociological, grammatical, linguistic, semiotic and community analyzes help us to understand their importance and values in the societies in which they are used._
_Geolinguistics studies the relationship between languages and geographic space, including their distribution, geographic variation and impact on local communities. In the case of the Austronesian languages of Drehu and Xârâcùù, they are spoken in specific areas of Oceania._
_Drehu is an Austronesian language spoken primarily in the Loyalty Islands, a region of New Caledonia, a French territory in the Pacific. This language is predominant on the island of Lifou, located east of Grande Terre. The geographic distribution of the Drehu language is limited to this specific area, where it is used as a native language by the local community._
_Xârâcùù is an Austronesian language spoken in the Santa Cruz Islands, which are part of the archipelago of Vanuatu. This language is predominant on the island of Utupua and is also spoken in some communities on neighboring islands. The geographical distribution of Xârâcùù is associated with this particular area, where it is an important component of the speakers' culture and identity._
_In terms of community, municipal, state, national and international geography, the Drehu and Xârâcùù languages have different levels of recognition and use. In the local and community context, these languages play a central role in daily communication, cultural transmission and strengthening of the ethnic identity of the respective communities._
_At broader levels, both languages are officially recognized and protected in their regions of origin. For example, in New Caledonia, French is the official language, but there are also policies in place to protect and promote the languages of indigenous communities, including Drehu. In Vanuatu, there is a policy of valuing and preserving native languages, including Xârâcùù, along with Bislama, a creole language that serves as a lingua franca._
_Internationally, these languages are less known and studied compared to other languages more widely spoken worldwide. However, there are efforts to document, research and preserve these languages by linguists and specialists interested in studying and valuing the linguistic and cultural diversity of the Pacific region._
_In short, the geolinguistics and community, municipal, state, national and international geography of the Drehu and Xârâcùù languages are related to the geographic distribution of these languages, their local importance and the protection and promotion policies in their respective countries of origin._
_Both languages have significant cultural value for their speakers and are important in preserving the cultural identity and indigenous heritage of these communities._
_It is important to highlight that the languages referred to as xârâcùù and Drehu did not fall from the sky nor did they come from Mars or Venus, not far from it, both evolved from Proto-Austronesian and Old and Common Austronesian; its greater ancestral matrix, millennia ago, was an evolutionary, personal and community anthropological and political process of its speakers, as well as a millenary social, personal and political process, as the Austronesian groups were separating across the Islands of Oceania and taking adjacent islands, bordering the Oceania of Africa and Asia, Drehu in New Caledonia and Xârâcùù in Vanuatu specialized the general Austronesian Oceanian language to their collective and personal needs until this speech was subdivided into those languages that we know as Drehu and Xârâcùù today in day._
_Good week, great Monday, may your dreams come true with honesty, work, solidarity and hope and better times._
_Goodbye, see you at the next opportunity._
Drehu sounds weirdly as a mix of Guarani and some African language. I cannot understand how can be Malayo-Polynesian, and further more, Oceanic. Its Melanesian substrate must be amazingly strong.
Some linguists do doubt whether these languages, classified as Southern Oceanic languages, do belong in Austronesian family - the Papuan substratum is quite pervasive
@@SinarNila xaracuu has no relationship to guarani - it's a language in south caledonia with no contact at all with guarani.
But it does have a unrecorded history of contact with trans-papua - I know that there is a mistaken info posted here saying that xaracuu is part of guarani-tupi language family, but that info's mistaken
@@SinarNila you need to explain how is it that academic papers that study Xaracuu mentions it as a New Caledonian language - I believe you are mistaking it with another language
@@SinarNila gila rupanya
@@SinarNila No way! Neither Xârâcùù is Tupi (it's spoken in Melanesia!!) nor Drehu is polynesian (it's Oceanic but very divergent). Also Javanese it's not Polynesian but it belongs to another branch of MP. I'm suspecting you are trolling me.
They do sound foreign for Austronesian language. It is as if the Austronesian sailors were just saying hi-bye when they crossed these islands...
maybe original settlers were papuans who mixed with austronesian sailors. and their language could be papuano-oceanic mix.
As an Indonesian, these are literally aliens lol. The languages reminds me a bit of the South American indigenous languages.
Maybe they have a lot of melanesian substrate! It's amazing
if you adjust some syllable you can start to see the similarities eventhough it's so subtle.
drehu
1 cas
2 lue (tre)
3 köni (tre)
4 eke (tre)
5 tri (pi)
6 ca (ngömen) [1+ngömen]
7 lue (ngömen) [2+ngömen]
8 köni (ngömen) [3+ngömen]
9 eke (ngömen) [4+ngömen]
10 lue (pi)
Xârâcùù
1 chaa
2 (baa) ru
3 (ba) chéé
4 (kêrê) fùè
5 (kêrê) nürü
6 nürüchaa (5+1)
7 nürüru (5+2)
8 nürüchée (5+3)
9 nürüfùè (5+4)
10 xê
In Drehu, the numerals five, ten, and fifteen are trii-pi, lue-pi, and köni-pi.There seems to be a unit of five, based on a form pi, and these numerals are
effectively 1-pi, 2-pi, and 3-pi. Between these units, the numerals one to four
take suffixes: -ngömen is used between six and nine. What does ngömen mean? I don't know😅.
Source www.google.com/url?q=www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/j.ctv893h2b.17.pdf%3FacceptTC%3Dtrue%26coverpage%3Dfalse&sa=U&ved=2ahUKEwjn_PiKqOKAAxXxzqACHdLSDnMQFnoECAMQAg&usg=AOvVaw1yp5qwyTxgiYyILzc0tZ89
There is a scholar who argues that many languages conventionally classified as Oceanic are in fact non-Austronesian. Roger Blench (2014) proposes that languages classified as:
1. austronesian, but perhaps actually non austronesian, spoken in northern and southern vanuatu
2. austronesian, but may have experienced bilingualism with non austronesian, spoken in central vamuatu and new caledonia
3. non austronesian, with some other languages traditionally classified as austronesian may perhaps actually be non austronesian spoken in solomon islands and new britain
I guess drehu and xârâcùù falls into the second group. That's why it sounds so alien to other austronesian speaker, especially to the non oceanic austronesian speaker.
Source
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_languages
Me too, as an Indonesian
Where did “lima” gone?😢
Well cas and chaa still similar to əsa (one) in proto austronesia.
Esa > ecas > cas (s >c) maybe.
Esa > echaa > chaa (s > ch) maybe.
These are oceanic languages spoken in Melanesia. Their numeric system looks base 5 which is a common trait among Papuan languages, most likely they borrowed this.
Where is Lima!!!!!!!
The numbers are completely different.
Drehu sounds beautiful
Another great video! Could I request one for Yapese? Also Vanuatu has a lot of interesting languages
I need a volunteer.
I needed this!
Nice video ❤️❤️💪
very interesting, I love learning about pacific countries!!
The two languages are spoken in New Caledonia I think.
That's correct ❤
The only one that i can recognize from this video is the number four from these 2 language. 💀
woww how are these 2 still considered as austronesian. really blows my mind how divergent they are
There are languages in the vicinity of islands near Papua New Guinea that are classified as Austronesian despite retaining only 5% of proto-Austronesian roots in their vocabulary - I guess the decision to include them in Austronesian is fuelled by grammatical and cultural similarities, when the lexical evidence does not suffice.
Or maybe just convenience lol
Do Balti Tibetan next.
I feel nothing in these two languages as Austronesia 🤔
I wonder what type of language family is the substrate of these languages. Like, what kind of languages that were spoken prior to the arrival of Austronesians in these remote Pacific Islands.
A more conservative Austronesian language may have been spoken initially, the Melanesians who live on the island now are more recent immigrants. Similar situation in Vanuatu and Fiji but it seems that the languages of New Caledonia are more aberrant
Sounds like a mix of Turkic and Bantu not what I imagine an Austronesian language to sound like.
Please do buryat and mongolian
Where are these languages spoken??
New Caledonia
@@SinarNilaboth are spoken in New Caledonia, not sure why you’re saying Brazil hahah
Do they actually need so many diacritics in Xârâcùù? Is this its actual script? One sees that the Latin script now considered the global default is not always sufficient. But the Vietnamese need even more additional diacritics, I think...
Xaracuu is a tonal language
🙋👍
If I was a linguist, I won't classified this as an Austronesian language.
Well you'd be wrong
@@FieldLing639 don't be so abrupt. Enlighten us.
@@wintherr3527 Well language families aren’t opinions, they’re groups of descent. Both languages descended from Proto-Austronesian, they’re Austronesian.
Xaracųų őčö
New caledonia flag smilar Azerbaijan
Are these Taiwanese native languages?
It under austronesia language so it related to indigenous taiwan people language.
Xaracuu is from New Caledonia, I've never heard of the other one
Both from New Caledonia, Melanesia. They aren't Formosan (Taiwan's) but VERY peripherical Malayo-Polynesian (I guess due to a high melanesian substrate).
Tolong bahasa Indonesia,please
Drehu sounds like french😅
It's definitely due to the influence of French that's spoken in New Caledonia, some people (when they speak Drehu) may pronounce some words with heavy French sounds.
Wow, i do not find any connection to Austronesian 😮
Well cas and chaa still similar to əsa (one) in proto austronesia.
Esa > ecas > cas (s >c) maybe.
Esa > echaa > chaa (s > ch) maybe.
first!
This is not austonesian language,not smilar from austronesian language family
This doesn't look like austronesian language at all