Rise of the City States in Italy đ Renaissance (Part 1)
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- Äas pĆidĂĄn 25. 08. 2024
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Renaissance Playlist âą Renaissance
đ© The Italian Renaissance was a period in Italian history known for the development of a culture that spread across Europe and marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity.
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đą Narrated by David McCallion
đŒ Music, courtesy of EpidemicSound
#renaissance #art #italy
đ© The first 1,000 people to use this link will get a 1 month free trial of Skillshare: skl.sh/historymarche01211
đ© The Italian Renaissance was a period in Italian history known for the development of a culture that spread across Europe and marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity.
SuperB work
Can you please make a video about the Battle of Otlukbeli b/w the Ottoman empire and the AK Koyunlu sultanate.
I hope u shall cover some Indian battles also
Expedition of the Thousand when?
I wish you could go more in-depth about the agricultural revolution that killed feudalism
Two HistoryMarche videos in one week... Christmas came early it seems.
@83 Fleet83 well all religion has pagan roots
So did I when I saw this video
I'm liking this channel's expansion into general history over just battles. The artstyle/maps fit up very well with the more broad themes being told.
And of course the narrator is as impeccable as ever!
Noooooo battles brother
I think the hybrid approach to general history and battles during the era in question will help make the battle videos even better.
This is like the greek city-states again, and with their constant competition they only become more incredible, especially in terms of art/culture
Also Andalusian Tai'fa period.
@@aleksapetrovic6519 agree 100% also I've read Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad's poetry recently and I liked it very much. But that entire period is incredible either in poetry or architecture
And warfare!!
and cooperation
It's an interesting comparison, because the greek city-states were also born after a middle age, called Greek Dark Ages, which happened after the fall of the Mycenean civilization. Similar to the middle ages happened after the fall of the Roman Empire. It's almost 1:1, like hystory repeating itself.
Fun Fact. During the 1300s, The wealth contained just within the city of florence (not the state, not even the wealth contained in the florintine lands, but literally the wealth inside the city limits) was much greater than all of the wealth contained in elizabethan england, nearly 200 years later. And that's just one city. Milan grew to about 200 000 people, a ludicrous number for the time. If I recall correctly, out of 7 european cities with over 100 000 people, 5 were located in the italian peninsula.
In fact, I would rather place the golden age of italy at around 1300-1450. A ton of wealth and foreing strenght was amassed by the various italians. In fact it was so economically advanced, that the fall of the bardi and the peruzzi bank (due to english refusing to pay debts) caused a massive economic crisis which florence, through good economic backup was able to get through. The usual time frame of the renaissance 1400-1600 actually seems to be more famous because that is when foreigners received benefits of it. For italy, that was a very bad time actually, the italian wars destroying the country practically.
At the end of 13th century, the 6 Priori of the city of Florence (the government of the Republic, that were in charge for just 2 months) could freely use, without the vote of the Counseil of 100 (the legislative organ) of a sum up to 2000 gold Florins. So the Republic could afford to spend, with little control, up to 12.000 gold Florins/year. Those were the "pocket money" of the Republic.
To say of how much it was, at the time only three states in Western Europe could afford to mint gold coins. Genoa, Florence and Venice.
It all changed when the frog nation attacked.
"A much greater wealth than Elizabethan England". What great bullshit.
Milan did not have 200 thousand inhabitants.
First, you can't be sure, and also the sources say about 100,000.
As for the largest cities in Europe, there were Naples, Florence, Milan, Venice, Sarai, Paris, Prague, London, Constantinople, Brugge and Ypres. It is said that only Sarai, Constantinople, Paris and perhaps Florence had more than 100 thousand
Economists have estimated the GDP per capita of Renaissance Italy to be between 3000 and 3500$ (-> in 2011 dollars).
The other big European powers like France, Germany, Spain and the UK oscillated between 1000 and 2000$.
The remaining great powers like China and India between 1000 and 1500$, more or less.
(for comparison's sake, Italy under emperor Augustus produced around 1500$ per capita)
That's a huge difference in an era when economies could barely get past subsistence.
And, on top of those GDP figures, there was the accumulated wealth that you mentioned.
@@jorehir this thing is a BIG bullshit. Anyway most of italian GDP came from the Church taxes
Renaissance is just the French variant for "Rinascimento", which is Italian.
Currently it's used through the English variant.
Tell whoever is responsible for the Arabic translation of this video that he's done an astonishing Job!!
As a translator myself I know the pain of translating such a difficult subject with so much western terms that are not suited for the Arabic text. Yet despite that the translator managed to translate with accuracy and ease, really unbelievable job he's done!!
Thank you sir a LOT for the feedback.
The Renaissance actually started after the Black Death in the mid to late 14th century when Late Medieval Europeâs feudal system slowly disappeared and a large, independent and rich middle class appeared all over Europe. But the first rebirth of Europe happened with Charlemagne and then the second rebirth in the 12th century. All of these Renaissanceâs main reason for their creation was the growth of Europeâs population which led to a need for trading networks and again, the growth of a rich middle class of merchants
Yep I believe labour shortages and increases in the price of labour caused by the black death played a significant role in the thinking of the average person in those days.
@@jaythompson5102 But they said that the population skyrocketed in Italy? The Fall of Constantinople and them (the Byzantine/Roman Greeks) coming to their ancestral homeland to share their ancient knowledge with the uncultured peasants of Western Europe played a huge part.
Just imagine how many books and manuscripts that the Byzantine (Roman) Empire kept for themselves were brought to the West.
@@mabeSc If you are talking about skyrocketing growth at 10:33, the timelapse is XI - XIII, while the Black Death took place in XIV century.
A comment worth more than the entire video!
@@mabeSc that it is an overexagerationg, not because there was a migration of Greeks/Romans to Italy, the literacy and knowledge would increase in Italy, in fact, while indeed the Renaissance loved the Classic Age, I believe this is more a cultural/art thing, the Renaissance will be mainly up by the social, economic and population changes after the Black Death. Not because Italians studied some old philosophical books of the Classic, they will revolution all the Feudal System, more of a clue it is how bad and stagnant were the Eastern Romans even before the 4 Crussade, if they didn't develop too much like the Italians in centuries prior to migration why will be a thing that the Italians learnt from them?
When I see Historymarche upload a new episode I instantly like it, watch it and share it. Thanks for making my Saturday even better.
Glad you enjoy it!
Yesss!
I wish you would do more about Italian Coty states and the families that ran them.
The Farnase, Colonna, Orisini, Pazzi, De Este, Strozzi, Medici, Sforza, Visconti, etc.
All these CZcams channels sharing antiquity knowledge should give us another Renaissance.
Ikr lol
It's not enough to just talk about then, you should bring back their ways of thinking and undertandment of the world. You need to fully believe and live by their principles. For exemple, Greeks had a hierarchal view of the universe as Kosmos, everything must have a cause, and must be organized. In daily live it means to never do something just because of your feelings, every action must be guided by higher principles, a respect for authority and organization. They also search for Areté, Virtue, or supreme excellence. If everything has a cause and a authority, than we should always act searching for perfection, thinking " What is the most excelent action? What is the best?". If they paint, or build a sculpture, they would not think about their feelings, or to express their identity, or to subvert expectations, they would think "What is the most beautiful? How can I represent the most excelent idea through this work of art?". And they concluded that Unity, Goodness, Beauty and Knowlege are the highest principles, that these are the divine traits that all men should follow as a bases for their actions, and that those are the principles that define everything that exists in a hierarchical manner. Men should not search for empty pleasure( Hedonia), but for comtemplation of truth ( Eudaimonia). Romans had the doctrine of Officilis, Moral Duties, a man should not do just what he likes, but what he must do, in the name of his family, his ancestors, his society, for the Common Good. Our modern culture is the oposite of all that, we teach people to be individualists who just think about thenselves, hedonists who just search for empty pleasure, relativists who don't have any principles and don't believe in truth, that life has no meaning, is random and chaotic, to be revolutionaries, deny and subvert all standarts and authorities, to hate their ancestors, destroy their statues and put your feelings ahead of every action. That's why modern art is pure trash, our buildings are ugly as hell, our musics just talk about sex and drugs, our youth is alienated and our culture is pure degeneracy.
@@TheDarklugia123 already working on it.
Iâve been teaching my 4 nieces, 3 nephews and daughter
We are in a technical/spiritual renaissance.
Calm down. A new reinassance means a change in society as like in technology. We still struggle to see the future.
Indeed a changing is undergoing right now, but how it would go, that's something we can't predict.
Dante Alighieri once wrote:
"We are but a day in this world, and in that day the fashion is changed a thousand times: all seek liberty, yet all deprive themselves of it"
Love that quote
this a huge quality content ! Bravo! as a player of EU4 Universalis i understand very well this episode posted today by HistoryMarche :)
When it's already 1500 and Renaissance haven't reached Alaska yet
Would you say that game is the best way to simulate this time period?
My day was bore and busy when I was about to fall asleep my phone poped up and as I saw history Marche was on it after watching it I can fall asleep with a new knowledge about the world thx for a very nice Saturday history Marche đ
Awesome idea for a video! This is a fascinating topic
Completely agree...and very much overlooked.
I hope in the next episode we get to see the Italian Wars, all the politicking between the Medici, the Borgias, the Sforza and the Papacy, etc.
Italian city-states is fascinating, but makes me sad Italy was divided for so long.
Unfortunately that which gave rise to the Renaissance also played a part in pushing Italy out of the great power category. The goal of Medici diplomacy was to ensure that no city state grew too powerful so as to dominate the others. This worked really well in peace time. Commerce and the arts flourished. But sadly it also ensured that when France and Spain came a plundering, they could not be withstood. After the renaissance Italy became little more than a battleground for the other European powers
On the bright side, at least they had states and werenât conquered
It is one of reasons it became successful. It would not be as successful United.
Hi, I am "Italian" and I can tell you that Italy is still divided into cities and state regions in 2021, we inhabitants of the peninsula are divided, the north against the south, the south against the north, cities of the same region which are rivals etc. ... when you talk about Italy, you should still talk about city-states and regions that hate each other that are forced to stay under this "fake union" ...
it would therefore be better for us inhabitants of the peninsula to free ourselves from this false union, and for each region to have its own state.
Oh boy, a new series! My body is so ready.
as a venice main in EU4, leme just say - THANK YOU!
(I been waiting for either you or kings & generals to do a video on this!)
Glad you enjoyed!
As always could not wait until the next video that not only educates, informs, but also entertains querousity!
Thanks for the Arabic translation, my friendŰ i freaking love you man
My pleasure!
Since Europeans already had the classics and natural philosophies (sciences) of ancient Greece & Rome, why not revive the arts and aesthetics as well? Thus the Italian Renaissance kicked off; not as a rebirth of society but as a continuation of innovations that have been going on in late medieval times.
In the mind of the Renaissance Italians, building the future and keeping the past alive are one and the same thing
Well there wasn't a Copy of the past but a lot of improvment and changes
I would agree that the fall of Constantinople plays a big part in that also in the 1300 many of the highest elites from Constantinople plays a huge role leaving the city and spreading their knowledge though the rest of Europe.
that it is an overexagerationg, not because there was a migration of Greeks/Romans to Italy, the literacy and knowledge would increase in Italy, in fact, while indeed the Renaissance loved the Classic Age, I believe this is more a cultural/art thing, the Renaissance will be mainly up by the social, economic and population changes after the Black Death. Not because Italians studied some old philosophical books of the Classic, they will revolution all the Feudal System, more of a clue it is how bad and stagnant were the Eastern Romans even before the 4 Crussade, if they didn't develop too much like the Italians in centuries prior to migration why will be a thing that the Italians learnt from them?
Which the Italian kingdoms copied from the Byzantines and later Is stolled and sacked and burned Constantinople 1204
@@AKAZA-kq8jd save your BS you Greek nationalist, you won't lie me. Rome were backward in many matters by the XIII century, they stole you nothing, because trade, craftship, seashitf, banking, republic, etc are not an excluisivity of the Romans. One stuff in philosophical and art inspiration, but the majority of the Renaissance came from Italian minds after the Black Death.
@@mariano98ify Whatever im not going to get in to these Constantinople was Europe back door to Asia the knowledge they Collected over the years help built Europe.
@@AKAZA-kq8jd good, I neither wasted my time with a troll of a debt nation uncapable to type some argument. Europe neither need Greek and they didn't need them after her fall. The Muslim were beaten in the Iberian Peninsula and then the voyages of the Iberian nation discovered the world. Not a dying nation. Close you account of Belisarius because you don't deserve him.
OOOOOOOOOOO, WHAT A GREAT VIDEO IDEA!! It's so cool that you've done this, can't wait to sit and watch it!! đđ
This is incredible work. Well done!
Thank you! Cheers!
The best definition of Business
Protagoras is known primarily for three claims (1) that man is the measure of all things (which is often interpreted as a sort of radical relativism) (2) that he could make the âworse (or weaker) argument appear the better (or stronger)â and (3) that one could not tell if the gods existed or not.
Loved the video, thanks for all yall do on this channel! :D
Great video! Looking forward to the next one.
I am a historian myself, I dislike saying this but I feel like I have to say it.
It is misleading to discount how much influence the Byzantines had on Western Europe's introduction to the classics. To be honest, Western Europe received many of those classics, from the Byzantines before the Crusades. However, Arabic commentators helped Western scholars understand the works of Aristotle since Aristotle was known for being terse and difficult to understand.
Stil great video.
The sources for the information I received are below.
E. B. Fryde (2000) The early Palaeologan renaissance (Brill)
Hyman and Walsh (1973) Philosophy in the Middle Ages, Indianapolis.
Hm, fair point. I'm well aware of Byzantine influence myself, but maybe should've touched on it more in the video. I was too focused on just Italy. Though to be fair, Arabic scholars were mentioned only in passing, as a means to chronologically line up events, while all of the focus went to Italy.
Arabic influence was not just in Aristotle the Canon of medicine made by ibn sina was the dominant medical book all the way to 16 century
i'l add that the original translation programmeof the ancient classics from Greek to Arabic was done by Christians in Baghdad in the 9th-century. It was these texts translated yet into Latin that was the source of reimport of classical knowledge to the West, before the explosion of further classical texts after the Fall of Constantinople.
Headed by Hunayn ibn "Ishaq" director of the caliphate's library. He was a "Dyophysite" Christian court physician.
@@maxion5109 yes it was the Christians who had the lungustic expertise to do the translation are trying to undermine the accomplishments of the Muslims some or I am understanding it wrong
Love this new series! More please!
Maybe it should be noted that the italian city-states were prominent and wealthy well before the crusades, maybe even as far back as the fall of rome, but they were major movers and shakers before 1000AD as well.
I really appreciate the channel's outstanding effort of comparing historical sources đŻ
Love the artwork đŒin these videos, always Appreciate itđđ„đ„đ„
Glad you enjoy it!
What an awesome video, I was always interested in the period. Thank a lot !
Glad you enjoyed it!
Fun fact. Before the introduction of the Euro, the Netherlands had the guilder indicated with the an Æ or fl. symbol after the golden florin.
The guilder was introduced in it's first form by Philip the Good, the duke of Burgundy and lord of the Netherlands at the time.
The trade network animation is incredibly satisfying to watch.
Love your work! Vid perhaps on Figures of the Renaissance?
Thank you History March for giving us such an ossam vidio.
Thank you for watching.
@@HistoryMarche Wealcome.
I wish city states were much more prominent tbh. It would be really cool. Great video Mago!
I think it's really cool how you showed an example of one course on Skillshare. Those maps reminded me of the Witcher.
I found your channel from an ad in oversimplified's channel. I can't even begin to express how amused I am of the production value you put into making this video. Definitely subscribed!
When HistoryMarche uploads a video, I feel the same as when a kid finds the chocolate box
Thank you for this useful and interesting topic
Arise, men of Italia. đźđč
My English after every episode of History Marche: 100% increase.
Keep it up mate!
@@tai-yomaruno3680 lmao.
Well done! Informative and enjoyable as always.
Another well made video. Thank you again.
Four videos in one month! Thank you HM
Thanks for sticking with me on this YT journey :)
Thanks for making it a great journey :)
AWESOME HistoryMarche!
Very good video.
We can also say, as a consequence to this development, the swiss confederacy greatly benefited from the trade routes between the north and Italy because of the mountain passes.
Immediatley one of the best videoâs on all of CZcams
I enjoy this video thank you so much
I can't remember how many times I've covered the Renaissance in history classes, but it never made sense before now. It seems like those classes tend to get bogged down talking about the art and religious changes, but now that I've seen things from the perspective of the merchants all those details fall into place much better.
Why i have impression that the narrator in this video says some things multiple times just to make video longer?
Thank you for this. Cheers.
I liked the video, but the map in the Venice Republic area are wrong.
Venice never owned the Trentino region.
Ferrara was south of the Po river.
Verona was part of the HRE
We can still do this guys. Let's rebuild the Roman empire before it's too late!
Hic paratus sum!
Great video, thank you!
my favorite history channel! Keep up the great work!
Coming over from Knowlegia, wonderful work! Looking forward to watching more.
There's a metro stop in Prague called Florence, pronounced florenk. It's on the yellow line, with I think possible a connection to the green line, n maybe even the red, too, can't remember.
But, it's such a small point, yet I just always loved this little bit of internationalism, it always made me feel like when you're a long way from anywhere n you see a sign with all the distant capitals marked on it.
I know, I know, not an exciting or significant thing, I just always liked that it was there, in Prague, in the Czech Republic, in central Europe, a little bit of a wave to another beautiful place, far far away!
Superb! đđŒ
âIâm gonna need those texts.â đ€Ł
Great! Can't wait til the next part.
Hoooray!
Incredible as always!
This is gold video. Thank you !
Thank's for the subtitles in spanish
Good stuff!! Congratulations!
Fantastic video
David narrates my days, in my head
Battle of Al Quadasia
Tarek bin Zayed's conquest of Spain
Battle of Manzikart
Battle of Harim Mountain
old historic battles this is about as real as it gets âïž
The fact that the Renaissance occurred, for me, raises two fundamental questions.
1. Why was Europe ready for it?? Was it the printing press?? Why didn't it effect Russia and Eastern Europe very much??
and...
2. Why was the Ottoman Empire not influenced by it?? Or, was it?
Islam did reject the printing press. Was that the problem?
In the history of man, the Renaissance is the most amazing, and mysterious, social development.
It changed everything.
Renaissance took Europe by storm, but not Italy, where it had a long development. From the re-estabilishing of maritime trade routes with the East of the Maritime Republics. The liberation of the cities of Northern Italy from Imperial power, sanctioned with the victory of the Lombard League over Frederik Barbarossa. The estabilishing of Free Cities, that were merchant oligarchies, and so an incredible concentration of wealth (at the end of 13th century, only three states in western Europe could afford to mint gold coins, Genoa, Florence and Venice) that gave the possibility to make huge investments, and so required a developed banking system.
The members of the Corporations, that governed Florence since early 11th century called themself "people", as opposed to the "nobles", that were forbidden to take any public office. At the end of 13th century, the 6 Priori of the city of Florence (the government of the Republic, that were in charge for just 2 months) could freely use, without the vote of the Counseil of 100 (the legislative organ) of a sum up to 2000 gold Florins. So the Republic could afford to spend, with little control, up to 12.000 gold Florins/year. Those were the "pocket money" of the Republic in an age where only three states in western Europe could afford to mint gold coins. You couldn't tell to those people that there was a natural social order where they were near to the bottom, just above the peasants.
The 11th century Pisa Chatedral is already a foretaste of renaissance three centuries in advance.
I LOVE THIS EPISODE!
Excellent video from excellent historic channel too enjoying video about moderate characteristics of humanity...(renaissance processes expanding)
Needed this
Back in our good old days đźđčâ€ïž
Hola. Soy nuevo suscriptor, me han gustado mucho los pocos videos que he visto , me gustarĂa saber si existe este mismo contenido en español. Gracias
Great to see the connection to Northern Europe and the Hanseatic Legue. Greetings from the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg.
Renaissance: *exists*
EU4 players: âletâs bring it backâ
The beginnings of the Renaissance was already seen in 12th and 13th century in Sicily, the sonnet already existed in Sicily. With the fall of the Arabs in Sicily and the takeover of Normans a new age had already begun, after the Normans Fredrick the II continued with the creation of the Sicilian School the real origin of the Italian language
You've just said what i wanted to say. Even 2 of the largest cities in Europe were cordoba and palmero which were islamic capital cities and center for science after the fall of Baghdad
Great vid
More recent uploads now � Id love it if thats the case. Keep on the good work
Interesting thanks for sharing đâ
YES
finally
insta-liked cause of the topic alone
What's the background music called? Btw this video is đ„ as always keep up the great work đđŒ
Seu trabalho nesse canal Ă© muito bom irmĂŁo, Ă© de uma qualidade que me impressiona kkk pena que meu inglĂȘs nĂŁo seja bom , mas me viro com as legendas, meus parabĂ©ns
excellent video! just one thing: the blue area you called "Bologna" is in fact another city "Modena"
Ok, ma va bene lo stesso. Tanto distano tra loro pochissimi chilometri
A vidoc about how we made the economy of Europe? That's interesting. đđ
Love it, more please!
Nice video and very informative and very entertaining and very satisfaction more videos.
Great video!
Lovely video, also lol from knowing the guy in the sponsored fragment.
Ok but what about how the church kept a lot of the Roman and Greek things and how they were used to help start this ârebirthâ
The david attenborough of history
Nooo how dare this episode end :(
These were not my ancestors from modern Molise, I do wonder what southern Italians were doing during the Renaissance? The music in this video is incredible, as is the illustration.
You are a beautiful box of knowledge for me , I really Nutzen from you
12:10 It's like a bully stole a nerd's D&D sourcebooks, and then seriously got into D&D, himself.
Brilliant work. This should be curriculum for college/high school kids. One of the better approaches to the subject I've seen in a while. I'm stoked for the coming episodes.
Great sir, but when Hannibal?