1942 ARMY RADIO TRAINING FILM “ ELECTRON THEORY AND THE DIODE TUBE ” VACUUM TUBE ELECTRONICS 72782
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Made by the U.S. Army in 1942 for radio and electronics technicians, this educational training film shows the diode and the duo diode vacuum tube including the electron sources in the tubes and the symbols which designate varying types. It also breaks down electron behavior in matter and the effect of plate voltage changes. A vacuum tube (:15) and a large water-cooled tube (:19) are shown to be what has enabled continuous progress in radio. A span of various types and sizes follow (:24). A pilot in the cockpit of a bomber aircraft uses radio transmissions in order to stay in communication with units of his squadron as well as with his base (:34). Copper is pointed to and this material is one of many which has conductive properties (:57). Glass is shown as it does not readily conduct electricity and is often used as an insulator (1:03). Voltage is applied to the piece of copper and current flows through it (1:24). Heat is used to accelerate the current (1:43). The filament of a radio tube is heated by electrical current to depict this same action in a tube (2:05). An open filament type tube follows (2:16). The cathode is pointed to which is the sleeve surrounding the tungsten wire (2:41). The plate of the vacuum tube is shown (3:31). A span of military transmitting and receiving sets follow (3:58) with a single radio tube shown as well (4:05). Specific symbols which categorize radio tubes are broken down beginning with the designation of a simple tube (4:23). When plates are left uncharged, electrons remain near the cathode (5:16) and these then move to the positive plate when it is charged (5:26). The space charge is pointed to which rests between the cathode and the plate (5:54). Vacuum tubes are presented in a variety of sizes as well as capacities (6:27). An experimental circuit heater of a tube is shown to be attached to an A battery (6:37) as the cathode and plate are attached to a B battery (6:44). An ammeter measures the current (7:21). The point of saturation is depicted as when the current can no longer be increased (7:55). This point is charted on a graph (8:29). A diode tube is used to apply direct current in radio installations (8:43). An alternator is attached to the plate in the cathode of the diode tube (8:50) resulting in a rectified current. Half wave rectification is demonstrated (9:51) using an alteration current in a circuit with multiple resistances. A crystal rectifier is then shown (10:04). The symbol for the duo diode tube is presented (12:21). This has two plates (12:28) and it is attached to a transformer (12:46). Variations in the current are known as ripples (13:50). A variety of the duo diode tubes follow (14:27) including simple, multipurpose and rugged transmitter tubes (14:32). Military receiving sets are shown in montage (14:41) which use small tubes. Within a radio installation the vacuum tube is the center of the equipment (14:46) and the film concludes on a shot of a radio tower which is used to transmit and receive signals (14:50).
A vacuum tube, an electron tube, valve (British usage) or tube (North America), is a device that controls electric current flow in a high vacuum between electrodes to which an electric potential difference has been applied. The simplest vacuum tube, the diode, invented in 1904 by John Ambrose Fleming, contains only a heated electron-emitting cathode and an anode. Electrons can only flow in one direction through the device-from the cathode to the anode. Adding one or more control grids within the tube allows the current between the cathode and anode to be controlled by the voltage on the grids.
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Tubes are still in use for high power radio/radar/tv etc. There are lots of amateur radio amplifiers brand new that still use them as they are cheaper than semiconductor amplifiers
Even people who chucked out all of their CRT TVs and Monitors will STILL have a (perhaps BRAND NEW!) piece of vacuum tube electronics in their home: The Microwave oven. The Magnetron in them is a vacuum tube!
They are also still used in guitar amps for the vintage sound they produce.
Semiconductors can reproduce any sound a vacuum tube ever made..the falsehood that vacuum tubes are better is just bull shit and nothing more....
Magnifique merci beaucoup 😊
Well Homely Sow... Was USN in 70's. Can remember similar Training films like this. Amazing how not using something for decade will immediately be recognized and understood, even if in their basic state.
TY for letting me take a quick stroll down Memory Lane. Hope to see more soon!
Thank you Periscope Films. Greetings from Popayan, Colombia.
Vacuum tubes are still being used today in guitar amps.
And boy Howde they charge a lot more for them😮
Thanks for sharing; Excellent videos description, as always.
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Okay, I now genuinely understand how tube diodes work. I also suspect that the structural representation that was used in the circuit diagram - the circled set of triangle and bar - is why the crystal or semiconductor diode has its triangle-bar representation. Neat!
@crash burn The OP didn't get into the actual flow, but just the symbols used being similar. I'd hope anyone knowing basic electronics today realizes the actual current flow. With that said, THIS film DOES show proper negative to positive flow. A "triangle" in a tube diagram is really just symbolic of that element being a filament (that MAY or MAY NOT be the cathode, It's usually just the heater in most tubes.) I will say though It drives me nuts when I see diagrams in kid's school books TO THIS DAY showing current flowing FROM the POS (+) terminal of a battery, through a load and INTO the NEG (-) terminal. Wayyy Back in the '70s almost 50 years ago! Right here in Lil 'Ol Pittsburgh,PA, Our GRADE SCHOOL science books showed the PROPER (Neg to Pos) flow. I can't BELEIVE people are still taught the WRONG direction. 🤦♂️🤷♂️ On an (maybe, LOL) unrelated Pittsburgh WAS the home of Westinghouse Electric.
While electrons do flow from negative to positive, there is what is called "Conventional Current Flow" which is the flow of positive charge carriers from the positive terminal to the negative terminal. At times, this can be beneficial when analyzing circuits although personally, I find it more confusing than helpful.@@jamesslick4790
Fantastic.
Well described
8:42 A DeForest tube. I'm surprised he didn't sue the Army.
Дуже цікаво знати
I found this "electrifying"
Awesome 😂
"they're great sensitivity"
What is will?
ESCARGENCY RESEARCH TEMPUS OMNIUS REVELATHE
The elections can be heard at the start of the film.
This useless time code blocks some of the important parts of the picture! You can´t see the whole wiring diagram!
I watched this just for fun. And I'll be darned if my understanding after all these years is directly opposite in terms of electron flow.
Anode, like anus, only has things exiting or emitting.
Cathode, like catch, receives things.
That has been my understanding for 35 years.From learning microwave technology. Not that it makes any difference.😏👍
I can be wrong. Wouldn't be the first time. Perhaps I am just remembering it incorrectly.
What is a catheter used for ?
@@trejohnson7677 what I know about them seems to support my original understanding.
Got it backwards