Electrical Basics Class
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- čas přidán 6. 10. 2022
- This video is Bryan’s full-length electrical basics class for the Kalos technicians. He covers electrical theory and circuit basics.
Volts, resistance, and amps all affect the behavior of electricity in circuits. These are also critical factors in electrical safety. Watts and kilowatts come from the multiplication of the volts and amps, though not every volt-amp does work; the power factor indicates how much work the volt-amps are actually doing. Some of the volt-amps are reactive (kVAR) and don’t do the real power of watts.
Electrons move by interacting with other atoms. Substances can be conductors or insulators, and conductors have very few valence electrons, which move in and out of other atoms easily. Insulators have many valence electrons and are more stable. Insulators have high resistance, and conductors tend to have low resistance.
Circuits consist of loads, switches, and power supplies. Loads actually do things and consist of light bulbs and motors. Switches pass power and don’t do work. Power supplies can be finite, like batteries, but also include transformers that take power from the utility company. Open circuits don’t move electricity, but closed circuits create a complete path that allows electrons to move. Electricity takes all available paths, not just the path of least resistance.
Bryan also covers:
Electricity and the body
GFCIs and AFCIs
Shock and arc flash protection
Lockout/tagout
Electricity and fall hazards
Energy transfer
Resistive vs. inductive loads
Magnetism and flux
Direct current (DC) vs. alternating current (AC)
How power companies and generators work
Open vs. short circuits
“Path of least resistance”
Tripping breakers
Electrical units of measurement
Step-up and step-down transformers
Electrical frequency (hertz)
Variable frequency drives (VFDs)
Microfarads and capacitors
Parallel and series circuits
Becoming more proficient at reading diagrams
Read all the tech tips, take the quizzes, and find our handy calculators at www.hvacrschool.com/.
Thank you for the interesting topic. 💙💙💙
I’m 30 years old. I have 3+ years in the elevator industry down in Florida. This information is helping me out a lot.
I'm 33 and I have my first day as an electrical apprentice next week. This was very helpful. Thank you!
Good luck bro!
I’m considering changing to electrical at 35
Good luck!! 🤘🏽
How did you get in ? What’s the name of the company
You r so old man, try weaving
7:40 lands on dad joke attempt! It was a great attempt man, tough crowd as usual!
In all seriousness, this is a great video! Thank you for this!
I'm a hobbyist age 21 from South Africa and the video is awesome
I was repairing a Microwave oven and got shocked by the capacitor and it stopped my heart. It had been unplugged for a week. I lost consciousness and woke up on the floor.
The sudden stop when my butt hit the floor started my heart again. Discharge your capacitors with gloves on.
Sounds frightening thanks for the tip
Such a honor listening to you
I send your videos to my 23 year old son getting his feet wet in the hvac industry
Been doing for 30 years and I have tremendous respect of your skill and knowledge
Thankyou so much
From bulletville Chicago
At least I know other Goodfellas are out there looking and learning. Chicago 15 years Downtown 👍
This guy is an excellent teacher I learned a lot I'm 62
I have a BS and MS in electrical and computer engineering and I find this tutorial very informative. good job sir
你是中国人吗
Everyone had a dope ass teacher like this at some point in their lives, keeps it fun but extremely knowledgeable. That Edison joke was great 😂
I never regret a sec to subscribe in this channel
Do you really?
Neither do I ! 👍🏻🍺
Got a good chuckle out of me with the "long circuit" you snuck in there!
On the short VS open, let’s not forget the whole “ we have a brown out” customer interchangeable word. Love it!
thank you for posting this. it is very helpful. watching all the way from the philippines.
This is my favorite subscription by far. Ive relearned things I had forgotten and been set straight on things I thought I already knew for years. It will make you a much better troubleshooter.
Doesn’t matter how you get the point across or what illustrations you used to do that, the point is that people understand what you’re teaching them , don’t ever let anybody tell you anything different you don’t apologize for the way you teach ever. Just keep doing what you’re doing brother.😎🇺🇸🪖👍
Hell of a teacher.
I’m a student, these explanations makes really easy to understand electricity, I know it is not exactly like that, but it’s enough to be introduced. Thanks
This is a very explanatory and insightful video.
I really wish I can like it twice
That sparky handbook is gold
Personally, I understand very well when you teach more than my teacher of high school. Keep it up!!
Great class, good info. Thanks Bryan.
Great info and video thank you 40 years in the DC side of stuff.
Super informative and awesome illustrations and examples.
Listening to you around the 11:20 mark reminded me of first learning to do arc flash calculations; which I still hate doing to this day…
Thinking about getting into the field. Incredible video/page. Thank You
1:12:30 - The most fascinating magic in electronics, to me is how you can open and close a switch to a coil really fast and get more voltage out than the applied voltage (e.g., high- and low-side MOSFETs on a laptop motherboard).
Amazing lecture! Tank You.
Thank you so much. I love these videos
Thank you for the course
Thank you!!! Very useful video and teacher.
Awesome class .
im tryna learn from everthing you teach from here on out
Very good teacher!
Great examples of electric path
Taught with love.
VERY GOOD !!!
Não sei nada de inglês, mas vou ver anotando pela tradução; com certeza vou aprender muito. Obrigado.
Very good lesson!
From this EE, excellent!
his explanation is very clear.
So Enriching knowledge
Thanks for the video. Put in timestamps please.
What a great guy
👍💪🇺🇸❄️ Great informative video. Thanks 🙏
How tall is the tower, what is the pipe diameter, what is the weight of the fluid, and what is the demand?
EXCELLENT INSTRUCTOR
Thanks!
Thank you for I learned a lot
Nice lecture
Thank you
Very nice
I was listening to your podcast between calls and in one about gas and combustion you guys are discussing buildup/flaking of the inside of copper tubing? I live in Ontario and I See this sometimes in service and quite often in installation when removing old equipment (25+ sometimes the line is 35 years or older) and the line is still gas tight, mind you seriously work hardened. In service it's worse on LP but seems to happen on both NG and LP and it's not actually going to be an issue until someone hits the line & with no dirt pocket. i see it happen alot on fireplaces - might go into the gas valve, and people wonder why their fireplace flame is only a gentle blue rumble after rennovations in the living room 😅
Fireplaces that are 25 to 35 years or older, with a 3/8 gas line will shale bad enough around that age, ive seen it actually have enough of a static pressure drop to drop out the pilot when the burner is turned on. It would probably happen with larger size tubing too eventually, but i have yet to see it be a problem on 1/2" copper or bigger. and it can change flame appearance very slowly, over those years blowing out the line with compressed air once in the two decades can fix it. wrapping copper when passing thru and strapping against masonry has long been code here and no coastal salt todeal with, also galvanized is illegal - we see a ton of black iron, req. painted outdoors & CSST. I like copper because its cheap, effective and time tested. Only specified legal method of leak detection here is soap and dial, which make infractions based on electronic detection sketchy at best. Love the podcast man just want ed to leave my 2 cents.
Ill admit most folks dont maintain a fireplace long enough/often enough or use it often enough to have it get old enough for it to even be a topic of discussion lol. but we could knock out a cup full of flakes from 3 feet of tubing in some places! Its real man its not a conspiracy!
Nice presentation! Just one little correction, on your water analogy diagram for Terms, you have Watts (Work), and it should be Watts (Power). Work (Energy) = Power X Time.
Holy shit that is some rockstar teacher behavior I live.
If u have one thing in a circuit, it is a series circuit because it has one path...
Electricity takes the path with lest resistance sir haven’t you seen the case of lockouts?
Had 75mgb was ok I guess? Like your class
I hope this question makes sense: can someone please explain why there is less resistance when a motor is seized up? Wouldn’t it be more resistance impeding the path of the current trying to close circuit because it’s not turning freely making it harder or more resistant to turn?
When he specified that we should understand resistance as the inverse of logical common sense way of thinking (like friction), I missed the explanation explaining why we should understand it that way.
The resistance is the same when a motor starts up that is seized or not seized. That is called locked rotor amps as there is massive current flow in both the rotor and the stator for a short period of time until the rotor gets up to normal speed. Then, there is back EMF that effectively increases resistance. You are conflating different type of resistance… If you understood that an induction motors speed is determined by frequency and poles, not voltage, this would all make more sense…
Is it true that in alternating current electricity comes from the grid through the live wire and go back via the neutral wire. But why do you have a spark(short circuit) when you directly connect live and neutral, isn't the electricity supposed to just alternate between the wires? Just wondering
There's no load. In order to have a circuit a load is required or else wires burn ( if there was no breaker )
The neutral wire is only neutral in relation to L1 and L2; which is why we have split single phase, not two phase as some people incorrectly assert. You can still get shocked from the neutral…
Watching 👀 #PowerLearningChannel
If u have one thing in a circuit, it is a series circuit because it has one path... 😮
Hey guys of HVAC SCHOOL, how can I contact you besides this video and its chat?
The water analogy for electrical circuits is very close to the mark, so to is a pneumatic control circuit
Yea they definitely have limitations but the get you probably 90% there.
Could you explain a circuit overload please. Since increased resistance from over "load" should decrease amperage then why does the breaker trip?
I'm not 100% sure what u are asking but, if u have an overload than the breaker would trip. So if u have a breaker rated for 20 amps and u overload it( putting to many loads on that breaker) and it begins to draw 20.5 amps or 21 amps, that the breaker would trip...
@@TacoDaddy-mr8ig Thank you for taking the time for that question. More what I meant is this; In ohms law if you increase resistance then you've decreased current, so if an overload is excess Resistance then wouldn't that decrease current and the breaker would never trip?
@@nathanj.williams1955 actually with an overload, the resistance would go down and a lot more current would flow therefore the breaker would trip.. think about the word ' overload ' OVER(to many) LOAD ( HAIR DRYERS) so, if u have to many loads, than the current draw will increase and cause the breaker to trip..
@@TacoDaddy-mr8ig on a parallel circuit an overload would decrease Resistance which I think I understand now. Thank you very much man for helping me there.
Overload means your load is drawing too much current due to a technical malfunction. This means we are talking LESS resistance, which ia why more current is suddenly able to flow through the load. Overload is NOT increased resistance. Think of it this way: if the system is functioning properly all its parameters (Voltage, Current and Resistance) are well-balanced. When this balance is disturbed this is when things go wrong. Overcurrent means increased current due to strain or voltage drop (in motors, pumps, etc.). More current is drawn and is able to pass through the appliance because resistance has dropped and it should not otherwise have happened. Hope this makes it a bit clearer.
👍👍
We are electrion in the 20s its 2022
This is heavy
“Something isn’t happening that should be happening” is an open, but what about voltage drop? Is that not as much of an issue in a/c circuits as it is in d/c?
So,...If I understand the question sir,..while voltage drop is an inherent phenomenon in both AC and DC circuits, its manifestation and implications differ significantly between the two. AC circuits present unique challenges due to impedance, reactance, skin effect, and proximity effect, making voltage drop a complex consideration in AC system design and analysis, particularly in high-frequency applications and power transmission systems. Understanding these nuances is essential for optimizing circuit performance and ensuring efficient power delivery in AC systems.
@@johnnyreb280 thank you for your explanation. Voltage drop testing as I’m describing on a DC is using a voltage measurement at the load. The result of a voltage reading lower than designed would reveal the presence of resistance in the circuit that should not be present if the circuit is in tact. For example, if I’m testing at a vehicle headlight and I’m measuring less than battery voltage, assuming the design calls for that, I might suspect corrosion in a connector. Is such a testing method appropriate with a AC system we might find in a commercial building or even a home? I’m curious if it might help speed up diagnostic testing on equipment specifically if one were to record voltages themselves while the equipment was operating correctly if that information was lacking. I see a lot of part swapping and guessing in a place I frequent. It seems wasteful in both parts and labor. One instance a board was suspected and was going to be ordered because a fuse was blowing. I quickly inspected the circuit and found a short. The board was expensive and unnecessary. I inquired about the voltage drop testing and it hadn’t been heard of. The subject of PWM came up because it’s used in the newer equipment and I asked which scope they use. Same result, I explained PWM too as it was unknown. It was odd to me because I see all the above daily in automotive diagnostics. That led me to the question I asked above. I know very little about AC systems and was curious if the nature of the AC system somehow rendered the test unreliable. I don’t see how it would be though on a piece of equipment that has fixed loads.
Alternating current has dozens of voltage drops per second, research root mean squared and you will understand… But, that type of voltage drop is not what you were really asking about… Yes, there is voltage drops in AC, but you generally wind up with other issues before you would notice the changes from a power drop - like smoke or fire from overheating wires…
@@EarlHayward thanks I appreciate your time answering.
👍
I don’t know how people studied HVAC alone before your videos
Fantastic teacher.
Hi a little help here, can I use 20v 7.7a charger for 19.5v 3.3a laptop?. Thank you
Yes, you can. This is why:
The voltage difference - one half volt - is negligible. It’s only ~2.5%. The laptop’s charge management circuitry will cope with that just fine.
The current difference only refers to the peak amount of current that the charger can supply at the rated voltage - 5 amps at 20 volts. Your laptop will not be using the full, available 5 amps from the charger. The laptop only uses what it needs.
However, the POLARITY of the voltage at the connector, which plugs into your laptop, is absolutely CRITICAL. If it matches with the polarity of the old charger, (for example, the center pins on both are positive) then it should be fine. If the polarity is opposite, be prepared for a bit of smoke, and a trip to the store to buy a new laptop...
Good luck sir..
@@TacoDaddy-mr8ig thanks 👍
At time 1:02:33 you said a capacitor stores a charge in an electromagnetic field, which is very wrong. A capacitor stores a charge in an electric field..
8:40 I have to reject your opinion because saying who said Amp is the killer is silly. Amp kills you directly. Vol is a factor but still not a killer in a main way.
Wait so a gfci can actually save lives?
Yes... Because unlike a standard breaker that trips at the rated amperage, a G.F.C.I would trip at much lower currents , maybe up to 5 milliamps it would trip..
I got shocked by a neutral in the heater board
Yep. Many amateur electricians somehow assume neutrals don't carry any current until they get a nasty shock from a neutral. But in fairness, if a circuit is wired correctly, once you open the circuit breaker, there should be no current going through the neutral UNLESS there is a shared neutral. 99% of the times, if you get shocked from a neutral, it's because there is a shared neutral. The other 1% of the time is you grab both the neutral and another live wire from a different circuit. I guess this is probably what happened to you.
Ay time 1:10:43 - 1:10:44 u said the current in a parallel circuit is the same. Thats not 100% true, unless the are all the same..
He was talking about 3 identical light bulbs, which all have the same resistance, and since the voltage across each light bulb is the same, the current through each light bulb is also the same. But you're right, current might not be the same depends on the resistance of each load.
PEN fault protection 😂
I'm no engineer but everyone is a plumber.
(no offense intended)
but but the electrons don't flow rather they oscillate, push/pull at what?. 60 cycles per second Maybe use a train analogy, ok i much dumber than "that guy" engineer dude. its even worse than that i expect. each time we look a little closer, the less we find expect more which we don't know until we only see empty space between the things which we have given names for.. but what is space? time? space/time? who can know and why should we care? Just practices being nice to fellow human rather than standing on their neck to try and look over the wall where answer hide. just be nice, the answers will come and will be yours once more when the game is done for you and me next, now what game should we play next? i'm tired of that earth game, lets do something different or go without me i'll just stay here and watch. Now kids be sure to have fun and don't grab a hot leg while your ass is well grounded or you might end up at the next respawn point.. ok where is my hole? I'll get to crawling
lol, wtf?
What the hell are you talking about
I like to think of electrons being shaken back and forth ( same thing) 🤷
@@EREK1990 🤨 wtf did I just read!? 😂
they oversimplify a lot of things in the trade. But to answer your question, believe it or not, even the engineers are also the dumb ones unless they specialize in electromagnetism. Electrons do indeed oscillate, but they are not the ones that transfer energy. This is one of the things that is not taught (and rightfully so) in the trade because it's just irrelevant to what electricians do in everyday basis.
wooow! comment about japan and 50hz! Please surely you do not know electricity!
50 hz when your power is 220volts and 60 hz when your power is 110 volts!
Japan uses both 50hz and 60hz frequency. The electric frequency is different on either side of the Fujigawa River in Shizuoka Prefecture and Itoigawa City in Niigata Prefecture, with 50Hz in the east and 60Hz in the west. They also use 100 volts and 200 volts.
Maybe it's YOU who doesn't know electricity...🤔🤔
The frequency does not change when the voltage changes, your comment should be ignored by anyone new to electrical theory…
Great video, thank you