Unsaturated vs Saturated vs Trans Fats, Animation
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- čas přidán 30. 09. 2018
- (USMLE topics) Chemistry and biology of different types of fat. Why are trans-fats bad for you?
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Contrary to popular belief, not all fats cause heart diseases and are bad. In fact, most fats, in adequate amounts, are required for normal bodily functions, especially brain functions. There are also good fats that actually decrease the risks for cardiovascular diseases.
A fat molecule is composed of a glycerol head and three fatty acid tails, each of which is a long hydrocarbon chain - a carbon skeleton bound to hydrogen atoms. When all the carbons are fully bound to hydrogens, the fatty acid is said to be saturated - all the bonds between carbon atoms are single, and the hydrocarbon chain has a straight shape. A fat molecule made entirely of saturated fatty acids is a saturated fat. Due to their straight tails, saturated fats are compact and solid at room temperature.
On the other hand, when the hydrocarbon chain has fewer hydrogens, it is said to be unsaturated. Instead of binding to a maximum number of hydrogens, some carbon atoms bind to each other via a double bond. The presence of double bonds may bend the hydrocarbon chain, creating gaps between molecules, making them less compact. As a result, unsaturated fats are usually liquid at room temperature. A fat molecule that contains only one double bond is a monounsaturated fat, while one that has multiple double bonds is polyunsaturated.
Dietary fats provide fatty acids for the synthesis of the cell membrane - a vital component of all animal cells. The gaps in unsaturated fatty acids provide membrane fluidity, facilitating membrane transport and cellular signaling. While both types of fats are needed for an optimal composition of the cell membrane, too much saturated fat, which is commonly the case in a typical American diet, would make the membrane rigid and hinder cellular responsiveness. Membrane fluidity is most important in the nervous system, where neuronal response requires extremely fast cellular communication. A certain ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids is also required for the formation of myelin - the insulating material that wraps around axons of neurons and speeds up the conduction of electrical signals.
The body is capable of synthesizing all the fatty acids it needs, with the exception of polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6, which must be obtained from the diet. These are known as essential fatty acids.
In general, unsaturated fats are healthier than saturated fats. Unsaturated fats decrease the risks for heart disease by reducing the amount of bad cholesterol, LDL, and increasing the good cholesterol, HDL; while saturated fats increase both good and bad cholesterol. But not all unsaturated fats are equal. In fact, a type of unsaturated fat, known as trans-fat, is the unhealthiest of all!
A double bond can give rise to 2 possible configurations: cis and trans. Cis is when the 2 hydrogen atoms are on the same side of the bond, while trans is when they are on the opposite sides. A cis double bond bends the fatty acid molecule, while the somewhat more symmetric trans configuration does not. A trans-fat is therefore similar in structure to a saturated fat. More importantly, trans-fats rarely occur in nature so the body does not have the necessary enzymes to break them down. Diets rich in trans-fats increase the bad cholesterol LDL and reduce the good cholesterol HDL, having the most detrimental effect on blood vessels.
Trans-fats are found mainly in partially hydrogenated oil products, such as margarine. Because unsaturated fats are less stable and spoil faster, food manufacturers add hydrogens to make them more saturated through a process known as partial hydrogenation. This process not only prolongs shelf-life of vegetable oils, but also turns them into solid, or semi-solid products, which are preferred by commercial bakers for their low cost and wide range of different textures. Unfortunately, partial hydrogenation also converts some of the cis double bonds into trans configuration, producing trans-fats.
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im a teacher and i was looking for a good summary of the topic of fat to my high school class. this is hands down the best and clearest video on the topic. I am inspired as a teacher. Well Done
Well I think it's wrong about A. What the American diet is. And B. The effect of saturated fats.
Don't take it all as is. She spoke about how too much saturated fat is but does not talk about how too much unsaturated fat is bad. Unsaturated fat and especially polyunsaturated fats, as well as sugars, are known to initiate or augment several diseases, such as cancer, inflammation, asthma, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and endothelial dysfunction. Predominantly Saturated fat in the diet results in far less inflammation than diets with either omega-3 or omega-6 PUFAs.
@@rico16135I agree with you. People need to be careful with these people who make conclusion about oils and fats who have other agendas. I know the body needs a balance of both Saturated and Unsaturated fats. Too much of either is bad, but because ubsaturated fat is more volatile because of the free carbons that don't have a hydrogen bond they are destryed quickly (through temperature, oxidation and light exposure) and become a poison to the body. Most of unsaturated fat on the other hand are stable and dont get spoilt quick by temperature, light or oxygen and can be stored for longer. Polyunsaturated fats (Omega 3) are only needed in small amout in the body as they are mainlg used in the brain and need to be taken fresh without being heat treated like eating row chia seeds. But unfortunatly a lot of polyunsaturated fat are extracted in a was that exposed these fats to remperature which desgroys the oils and put the user at risk.
No it isen't because it's wrong, LDL is not bad! It's not even colesterol, it transport's colesterol, colesterol in itself are never harmfull to anything. But other proseeses like inflamation in the endothelium wall, from high blood pressure, diabetes, stress, poor metabolisme etc are the reason of build up of plaque(clotting) over time, or if you are unlycky the first bloodclot kills you. Like in the brain or in the LAD (left desending arterie, who feeds blood to the left ventricle) the pumping chamber of the heart.
But what if i eat lot of FUPAs. I know its one of those habits that's hard for a man to break. My face is constantly greasy and glazed like a donut @ShambaniFarm
One of the best videos out there on fats. It made things clearer to me now. Thanks alot
Rabah_ MECA same! So good thank you 👏🏻👏🏻🤓🤓
You batter listin to "HOW NOT TO DIE" vy Dr.Grager
Ok boomer
@@koolKid3312 Ok boomer
Except for the FACT than NO comprehensive study ever done has linked cholesterol with heart disease. The only fat you always have to avoid are trans fat.
Nice visual explanation of the different fats. Easy to understand. My one complaint is the statement that saturated fat increases LDL, which is bad. Recent studies show that saturated fat increases larger LDL, which is not associated with heart disease or mortality. It does not raise the dense VLDL, which is associated with heart disease.
That, and also if the HDL to LDL ratio is good, the risk for any disease barely is affected. Also i think it's harmful to promote LDL still as bad, because having it too low can increase the risk for certain diseases, like dementia. It's also required for hormonal production as well.
@@metheiam5714 Ty
@@metheiam5714lmao, you pulled most of that out of your ass. The ratio between LDL and HDL is only relevant in the body cell metabolism dynamics and neuron dynamics. The thing is that too much LDL disturbs essential functions in both body cells and neurons, the ratio is therefore not the only relevant factor in cases with too much LDL. Besides this, the ratio between the two is only relevant in the dynamics of cells. Cardiovascukar diseases are not directly affected by the ratio, having too much LDL simply rubs the ratio, but it is the direct amount of it that is harmful in that context. Too much LDL is still considered to be the biggest risk factor for cardiovascular disease by a large margin of academic consensus. The rest of what you wrote lack the same consensus, and hormonal production is s complex part of the body, of which LDL plays little role.
The typical American diet is not meat and butter. It’s cereal and ice cream, but yeah no unsaturated fats are far healthier. Pizza anyone?
Yeah, I’m craving some rn
Ice cream, butter, and the cheese on pizza are literally the same saturated fat just in different quantities
Nah I loooooooove butter toast also I like to eat meat more than cereal bc cereal is not filling
As an American, I think we are the only country that far to deep fry butter. Like just a stick of butter. Deep fried. I love my country and all but I think that’s a little bit too much America.
You just got a full blown chemistry lesson on fats and you are still this stupid. I mean no disrespect but what the actual fuck
Watched many videos on fats, finally this one made it all clear in one go. Thank you for simplicity.
This is such a great video. Amazing how this simple explanation has eluded most doctors and CZcamsrs….!
Thank you! This was exactly the type of visual explanation I was looking for! I understood the chemistry, but I was having trouble "getting it". Thank you!
You're very welcome!
This is the best explanation on the internet, thank you.
Exactly, not only for this topic, but I research lots of science topics and seldom do I see such complex topic summarized so succinctly.
I learned more in this 5 minutes than in any of my science classes! LOL jk but great explanation!!
the fact is you are not kidding.
Nice animation, although We have to get over the “good and bad cholesterol” and focus more on causes of inflation and small ldl particles
And the negative impact of refined/processed foods.
Also glycation. Glycated ldl is the plaque
Yes I agree. Also saturated fat is much more stable and better for mitochondrial function.
YES!
Wow, this was the best and most informative video that I ever seen. Thank you so much!! Please make more videos like these!!
WOW! This was very informative and I really understood it. What I never understood before I now understand.! Thank you so much!
I took me many videos and repetition but you just cleared up a big point on why it's called mono unsaturated. It's basically a saturated with one unsaturated. The pictures really really really helped
There's a big difference that is often overlooked, thanks for sharing!
I was always confused between these different kinds of fats! This video gave a great lucid explanation!
this thing apparently was hard to explain in many other videos. the best explanation of it. u made it simple. thank you.
Clear and easy to follow, nice job👍
excellent information, being involved in the edible oils industry, I feel that the information presented is very relevant and well explained thanks
I can’t find a study that shows that unsaturated fat raises hdl-c.
Your videos are the best! The explanations are so clear and concise! Best explanations on everything!👍👍
So you think our body, when it gets cold will make our brain and body go rigid from saturated fat? Well, aren't we lucky we're alive and warm.
What a wonderful explanation 👍 great all the necessary concepts are explained nicely thanks 🙏
This was so helpful and so easy to understand, thank you so much!
clearer explanation ive encountered so far. thank you for a wonderful work done
Extremely well explained. Thank you so much. Is there any change in guidelines regarding PUFA and SatFat recently?
Nice informative video but I have a question. If saturated fat is dangerous anyhow, why does it increase both the good and bad Cholestrol? and if LDL is a bad cholestrol, why HDL, the good one is also increasing as a result of the consumption of the same saturated fats? Do you think LDL is the main culprit or the carbohydrates that cause inflammation in the body and LDL which gets oxidized while fighting the inflammation caused by carb intake?
Thank you for making the up-to date videos!
This video is not up to date. It’s information is 5 years or older.
For me this video really explained fats well and I would use this to help teaching foods students about fats because visuals are sometimes easier than lecture.
Thank you. Excellent animation, clear and dynamic, easy to understand
Glad it was helpful!
Best Informative animation I ever see , great job great creativity thanks a lot
Very clear, concise,and graphical explanation of types of fats. Thanks !!
Thank you so much for the video! I'm learning about this topic in chemistry for school, and the recourses the curriculum provided were confusing. I think I understand the concepts now though.
I truly love your channel. Keep doing the best work.
OMG! This video made everything so clear! I'm not really good at chemistry but I understood everything including the theories so perfectly!!! 💝💝💝
Thank you so much for making this video!!!
This was the BEST explanation I found online. Thank you! I will definitely support you! Thank you!!
Thanks for sharing information about all types fate (good or bad ).
One of the best explanations of fat. I would had put a bit more time to explain Omegas fats but you might do that on a separate video
Great video. Well done. More videos of this kind pls.
Thank u so much that is so eloquently simplified and straightforward 🤗🤗🤗👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏
Excellent video...simple explanation....very very effective...
Great video. Helped put together all the loose chemistry concepts I had been learning in class. Visuals were helpful and I was also able to learn a bit about trans fats impact on cholesterol. Thanks!
A really good explanation of the different types of fats, thank you!
What is the measure of the degree of hydrogenation or saturation of the FA in the fat?
"The oiling of america" by sally fallon morell will complement this video. The weston a price foundation has plenty of resources like articles about fats if you are a student looking for info
Wow, this is an incredibly clear explanation, and it's only 5 minutes.
Far and away the best video on the topic.
Great video and great explanation, thank you so much! You made it so clear
Excellent vdo explained with the help of diagrams. Rare to see such beautiful succinct animations.
Thank you for making it as simple to understand as possible
Kindly clarify on HDL and LDL are they not transporters of lipids? Hence shouldn't fall under good or bad cholesterol. Finally is there really good or bad cholesterol if the body synthesizes 75% of it while 25% is from the diet. I understand cholesterol is bad only when oxidized by insulin during insulin resistance
helpful, concise, clear information. thank you!
But what is the cellular mechanism of unsaturated fats increasing hdl, and others... its very frustrating I can't find it anywhere
Was searching for a video on fats and landed up on the best video one could get on them... Kudos...
Insightful and knowledge-wise resourceful content!
How about liquid margerine?
I am soo short of words for how thankful I am ....This video was so easy to understand and cleared all my doubts about fats
splendid, I didn't realize before how double bond affects intermolecular arrangement of separate fat molecules
Succinct explanation of the salient points in regards to dietary fats. Thank you very much.
I wonder what your response to the recent studies saying that saturated fats are beneficial to the body at much higher levels than previously thought. Or other studies showing that saturated and unsaturated fats are the least of our issues when it comes to heart disease and sugar is the much bigger culprit?
Yeah, that's going to get conveniently ignored lol
@@miked5562 Yeah I don't think this is the best information.
We eat the most saturated fat and heart disease is all time high
Given that this video is specific to the 3 types of fats, it seems out of scope. Maybe you could start a CZcams channel! Lol
@@romankozlovskiy7899 we eat way more sugar than any other country
Amazing video! Loved the animation :)
yay!! wanted these kind of videos..now I found it! Thanks 😊😊
thanks, really helpful
🤲🏾🧪Best video on lipids hands down, and I did great in in chemistry, in chemistry you learn molecular bonds with visuals, so it makes sense this video was made like this. Great work.
Studying for food chemistry thanks! Love the visuals
I think it's more about the ratio of LDL and HDL that affects the quality of LDL. Less HDL and you're more prone to diseases, where as if you have more HDL, your risk barely changes. Also assigning the term bad to LDL is harmful as it can lead people thinking that it's better if it's lower, and lower LDL can increase one's risk of dementia, hormonal imbalance and cardiovascular diseases. LDL carries cholesterol which is a vital molecule, as every single cell and hormone in your body requires cholesterol as a building block. In excess it may be bad, but what wouldn't be? We don't call vitamin A bad because it can cause problems when in great excess.
Describing polyunsaturated fatty acids as simply good may also be harmful. They get oxidized easily in the body and thus use up antioxidants, especially vitamin E. I've also recently stumbled on some info that omega 6 might increase insulin sensitivity in fat cells. That translates to gaining fat more easily, and obesity is generally considered a negative factor when it comes to health. That might also be the reason for lowered readings of lipid markers in blood, as it gets stored in the fat cells instead of remaining in circulation.
Also, not all trans fats are bad. It seems to apply only to man made trans fats, as vaccenic acid (which is found in human milk and dairy products) is a naturally occuring trans fat which seems to lower LDL and triglycerides in the blood.
Thanks
how some one can be that amazing and simple you made me to fall in love with bio chemistry
this is the best video I found on this topic, THANK YOU SO MUCH
Very good explanation! However a few have a question of the saem type. Why does unsaturated fats decrease LDL levels adn increase HDL levels? Why does saturated fats increase both LDL and HDL? Why does transfer increase LDL levels and decreases HDL levels?
Watched osmosis and Armando videos. Still couldn’t understand partial hydrogenation and trans fats. It’s perfectly done here. Thanks a lot.
Excellent explanation of the fats, thank you.
So consise, such good revision! And great for people to know.
which software you use to make this type of animated video
pls tell me
thank you
Adobe After Effect
Wait can't Omega-6's be turned into Omega-3's? by the body at a low efficiency?
Now , I understood what is fat thank you for sharing this helpful video
This was very helpful! Thank you!
Great lecture please make more sach biochemistry videos
I have one doubt.Provided hydrogenation can also take place inside the body, then what if unsaturated fats get hydrogenated to saturated fats? Wouldnt it lead to more "bad fats getting stored " in our tummy? Please explain
Hydrogenation is not an easy thing. It is not easy to take place inside the body . Usually hydrogenation is done with the help of catalyst like Ni. So there is no need to worry about the storage of bad fat inside.
My 11 year old had some questions about fat and i showed him this. Thanks for the information!
THANK YOU SO MUCH!!! I had no idea what my textbook was saying.
This is more correct than the current Wikipedia page on the topic. Thank you!
Good video, nice job! Thx
Excellent presentation
Very well explained for common person as well
Awesome explanation!!
Great video, got the answer I was searching for.
Man I wish I paid attention in biology. Taking an interest in health now, this was a great video!
A while back, I researched fatty acids. What I found was -- they really should be called -- acid-y fats.
Great explanation, thanks!
So has anything changed regarding the legality of the partial hydrogenation? Are products still out there?
thnk you so much! the video was really helpfull!
nice explaining thank u so very much
Now the question is what do we do with the trance fats if it's not healthy in cooking? Use it as engine oil?
Thanks for this video! This helped me understand fats a lot more than other videos and my textbook!
Wow ! Exactly what I was looking for. Thanks. 👏
What is fish oil
Awesome video. It doesn't just tell you what is good and what is bad for you, like many do, it also explains why.
this explains everything thanks!!
Thanks so much, great explanation
Very helpful, thank you.