New York's Deep Tunnel - The Lincoln Tunnel's Forgotten Past - IT'S HISTORY
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- čas přidán 25. 02. 2022
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As one of the busiest vehicular tunnels in the world and a cousin tunnel to the highly successful Holland Tunnel, the Lincoln Tunnel sees over 100,000 cars every single day and around 21 million a year. It connects New York to New Jersey and serves as an incredibly strong connection between the two states- today on It’s History, we will discover the story of the Lincoln Tunnel.
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IT’S HISTORY - Weekly tales of American Urban Decay as presented by your host Ryan Socash.
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» CREDIT
Scriptwriter - Imana Schoch
Editor - Kamil Krawiec
Host - Ryan Socash
Sponsored By Blinkist
Chapters
A word from Blinkist - 00:55
What led up to the Lincoln Tunnel? - 01:05
How did the Holland Tunnel inspire the Lincoln Tunnel? - 3:10
Were there any other underwater tunnels proposed?- 3:41
Port Authority versus The Joint Tunnel Commission of New York - 3:58
Why was the Lincoln Tunnel built? - 3:59
New York’s growing traffic problem - 5:46
How did the Holland Tunnel and Lincoln Tunnels impact each other? - 6:54
Picking a location for the Lincoln Tunnel - 7:45
Lincoln Tunnel’s financial struggles - 9:06
How was the Lincoln Tunnel funded? - 9:53
The engineer behind the Lincoln Tunnel - 10:43
Building the Lincoln Tunnel - 13:36
Why was the Lincoln Tunnel renamed? - 16:43
How did the Lincoln Tunnel’s ventilation system work? - 17:13
The Lincoln Tunnel’s first tour - 17:27
The Lincoln Tunnel’s Grand Opening - 18:12
Building the second and third tubes - 19:19
Other events at the Lincoln Tunnel - 20:32
» SOURCES
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» NOTICE
Some images may be used for illustrative purposes only - always reflecting the accurate time frame and content. Events of factual error / mispronounced word/spelling mistakes - retractions will be published in this section.
Sponsored by Blinkist: Use my special link to start your free 7 day trial with Blinkist and get 25% off a Premium membership www.blinkist.com/itshistory
Great video! Awesome info!
And it's *LIVES* not lifes.
It's about time they built another tunnel, and a bridge too!!!
Crazy respect and admiration to those brave workers who's work we take for granted everyday
I was born in Jersey City, New Jersey. I remember the first time I went through the Lincoln Tunnel. I was 17 years old going into NYC on an Easter Sunday It was unusually hot 85 to 90 degrees. We came down New Jersey Route 4 and we hit traffic immediately when we made the transition from Rt 4 to Rt 3 in those days cars didn't have AC. It took two hours to get to the tunnel entrance. The Lincoln Tunnel and all the other tunnels and bridges in NYC are magnificent. Later on in my mid 20's I lived in Manhattan. I loved the electric atmosphere in NY. Skating at Rockefeller Center or at the Wollman Rink in Central Park. The Macys Thanksgiving Day Parade an so much more I could go on and on. Fortunately I meet a great young lady from Maine we moved out of NY and had three beautiful daughters. My wife, I and my oldest daughter live just north of St Paul Minnesota. Life sure takes you on a wild ride.
Im from Greenville which part of you from?
@@michaelbennett6317 I'm from Greenville as well. It has changed quite a bit in the last few years
❤️🥰
You can’t transition from Route 4 to Route 3
Jersey City is the Hudson tunnel, not Lincoln tunnel.
I am a greyhound driver and I drive threw that tunnel more then anyone on this channel hands down. The tunnel is a very important part of New York more people get in and out of New York through that tunnel than any other crossing into New York, and is the most highest capacity highway in the United States. The bus lane has 1780 buses traveling through that tunnel every Monday through Friday from 6 to 10 AM, New York would come to a halt if these tunnels weren’t there
I've driven through the tunnels hundreds of times. It is an engineering marvel and a pain in the ass. Once you figure out the timing it's OK, but one break down or accident and you could be stuck for an hour or two.
Now imagine a break down in the one car wide Tesla tunnel in LA
Imagine being stuck in a tunnel, now imagine being trapped and seeing engulfing flames racing towards you 😮
Coming out of the Lincoln tunnel and seeing the city after exiting is such an awesome experience.
:) It really is!...I remember my first time in 1978... It's awe inspiring when it opens up...I used to think philly was a big city...lol...It's like Hackensack compared to NYC...EVERYTHING is so huge...I did deliveries to the magazine and Ad companies on madison ave and surrounding areas for a couple years...I've been there many times since then...Very few people from my area EVER get up there...it's so close too...
@@godbluffvdgg The first time I drove into Manhattan in a bus with 54 people on board was an amazing experience. It’s was a Friday night about 7:00 and was pouring rain so hard I could barely see out of my windshield. I dropped off my group and high tailed it to NJ where my motel room was. If you can drive a 45ft. Motorcoach in Manhattan you can drive anywhere.
@@prevost8686 :)... It's brutal with ANY vehicle...It looks better these days but; back in the day, it was HAIRY!
@@godbluffvdgg COVID has all but decimated tourism into NYC. Even liberals from other parts of the country do not want to travel into NYC after mayor Deblasio did his best to ruin the city. We went from running into NYC constantly to not taking a group into the city in two years. Hopefully the new mayor will reverse the damage done by Deblasio.
@@prevost8686 The next mayor will be worse, just like it is here in philly...They're all pieces of shit and they get their orders from abroad. NYC is done; put a fork in 'em!
As in New Yorker, I’ve driven to this many times. I look at this as a huge technological advance in engineering. It’s great to see it’s still going strong today.
Grew up in Jersey, live in NYC now, the Lincoln Tunnel is a pain in the ass, but the approach ramp, when you run parallel to the West side of Manhattan, especially at night where you get a uninterupted view of the towers all sparkling with lights, is absolutely beautiful. But then you end up in the Lincoln Tunnel so it's kind of a Win-Lose situation.
It is probably more appropriate to refer to Abraham Lincoln as, “The late president” rather than, “The former president.” He died in office and was never the “former” president during his lifetime. This is just a little distinction that probably annoyed only me. As to the history and images; Excellent! Thank you.
Years ago, my grandmother told me that my father's grandfather, my great grandfather, was an operating engineer working a crane during the construction of the Lincoln tunnel. She told me that one day, while doing maintenance on the crane, lubricating it as the operators did in those days, someone else came over and turned on the crane. A cable caught him on its drum and he lost a forearm because of it. Sadly, I never met him as, he passed away before I was born. I do recall my grandmother showing me some pictures taken during the construction.
So I'm from NYC, and to answer your question at the end of the video, yes! We see it as both an engineering marvel and a really big pain in the ass. The same goes for all of the bridges and train tunnels!!!!
Been going thru the Lincoln Tunnel since I was a kid. It was a treat. Have driven thru it may times, it's a little scary being that close to walls and other traffic, especially in a two-way tube. For some reason, I remember onw or two kids "mooning" a car or few going back to NJ while on a school trip bus in the mid 1970s!!
FYI - It's WPA - Works Project Administration, not Projects Work Administration. Your videos are great, but you need a fact checker to make them perfect!
Mooning
I have always amazed how it was created as kid riding into Manhattan. It's always heavy traffic during the day and evening. But I really enjoyed learning more about how Lincoln Tunnel came to be.
I do live in the area on Long Island. Traffic is horrific everywhere so it's a pain in the arse to get into the city no matter what route you take. I can't imagine what it would be like without the Lincoln tunnel.
Beats the hell out of the wait at the GW. I take either the Holland or the Lincoln (usually the Lincoln) when getting back to LI from Jersey. I’m still undecided about the Helix.. it seems to help rather than the straight in approach as in the Holland.
One of NYC's biggest mistakes was not building the Mid-Manhattan Expressway and finishing I-495 to Long Island. Or at least the later proposed Westway to connect the two. What a mess.
@@johnathin0061892 I think Moses destroyed enough of the city. I would love a crosstown expressway but 36th/37th usually is doable.
@@JimAllen-Persona Moses destroyed the city? I don’t know about that…
Having been stuck in a bus in Lincoln Tunnel traffic for over 4 hours with a full bladder on more than one occasion… I lean in the direction of pain in the ash! But it is undoubtedly an impressive feat of engineering.
Hmmmm this is a good point for all. If you are on a motorcoach, go before you reach the tunnel. If in a car, pull over and go before you reach the tunnel.
I have been through that tunnel since I was a child. It has always amazed me. There is this rush upon exiting the tunnel and arriving in Manhattan! I remember once, I was driving a rental car and for some reason, I bumped the curb on the way into Manhattan and the hubcap popped off. OMG, the noise was intense as it rolled its way forward until coming to a stop. This presentation was fascinating, to say the least. Interesting, I never once thought about a leak or a flood. That would not be good.
I've traveled through that tunnel numerous times. Growing up in Hoboken the Lincoln tunnel is considered an engineering marvel. I would love for you to do a video on the Goethals Bridge. I love the new one.
One aspect of the Lincoln Tunnel, and indeed other subaqueous tunnels in New York, that no one seems concerned about is the issue of riverbed scour by fast moving currents.
The Hudson River is a tidal river and while a lot of silt is carried by the currents moving downstate to be deposited in the Upper New York Bay area, the same current can remove silt from the overburden above the tunnel's exterior cast iron tubes.
In an 2009 article I read titled "Secrets of the deep in New York waters", it was written that the Hudson current had previously moved closed to the Manhattan shoreline, but was displaced into the centre of the river by the construction of Battery Park City, built on landfill created by spoils from the WTC bathtub. According to the article, the displaced current has resulted in the Lincoln Tunnel tubes losing up to 25% of their mud coverage from the riverbed and the Port Authority was supposed to be looking into dealing with it.
I know the PATH tubes downriver from the Lincoln Tunnel, which are at a much shallower depth in the Hudson's riverbed than the Holland and Lincoln Tunnels, received an extra ring of reinforced steel in their linings and protective concrete mats above them on the riverbed, but that was less to with riverbed scour than security concerns.
I never found out how or what the PA did to address the issue mentioned in the "Secrets of the deep" article, but since riverbed scour is presumably still a thing, shouldn't it be a top maintenance concern for the agencies operating all the subaqueous tunnels in New York and not just the Lincoln Tunnel?
I don't tend to find much discussion about it online, but an easy way of addressing it I suppose would be to dump excavated rock from construction sites on the riverbed above the tunnels, since rock takes a long time to be eroded by water.
People generally have to die before bureaucrats get anything done.
The for profit system dictates how the bureaucrats react. Their lethargy is not seen when dealing with the rich and their projects.
@@davidemmyg And that’s true regardless of whether the country is a free Republic or a Socialist shithole.
Since this tunnel was blasted into the bedrock, I don' t see why river sediment would be a concern.
@@Nevir202 Only the sections of the Lincoln Tunnel tubes that are under or approaching Manhattan on one side and the Palisade cliffs on the opposite side were excavated through rock.
The main length of the tubes running under the Hudson itself were bored twenty feet below the bottom of the river through silt and mainly above the underlying rock strata.
Growing up in Jersey City we would take the tunnel to visit family in Brooklyn. Would always look forward to seeing the NY|NJ border line written in the wall tile. Knowing that the Hudson river was above your head was fascinating and frightening all at once!!
Minor correction: the agency's name was the Works Progress Administration, not the Progress Works Administration.
Another awesome video. Always wanted to know the history of the Lincoln Tunnel. I drive through the tunnel on a daily basis and to me it’s one of the most beautiful and conveniently placed tunnels between the two states. As you come out of tunnel on the Jersey side you’re literally graced with an amazing view of the NYC skyline. Its also the busiest tunnel in the NYC metro area.
Sometimes when I travel through the tunnel and get annoyed at delays caused by traffic, I step back and wonder at the marvelous engineering feat this tunnel is. I remember that I'm literally traveling under the river for 1.5 miles! That a select few put so much thought into its design, and many more sacrificed blood,sweat, tears, and even their lives for me to be able to sit here and complain about traffic. The things we take for granted!
When you drive the Lincoln in a bus the vehicle just fits the lane.
You don't look left or right just concentrate on keeping your vehicle in line, you are about 12" from the bus next to you.
Really enjoy your channel Ryan. I have learned a ton from you. Thank you for the great quality documentaries sir. All the best to you and yours.
We live in Weehawken and use it all the time. I laughed when I saw a street sign in your video that said you could be through the Lincoln Tunnel in 4 minutes. More like 30 minutes (rush hour)! I love that tunnel, but it looks its age. It's dark and dingy inside, and needs a major renovation. They have to preserve this engineering marvel.
probably the greatest challenge with something like this is to do the work right a tube would need to be closed. Though I guess the PANYNJ could add trains to PATH unless that is already at capacity.
As usual great information and photography.
I still remember when the third tube had fluorescent lighting.
You do such an Awesome job, and your efforts show. The time you put into your Vlog is more then impressive, and is very appreciated by all who view them, especially those who Love History. My I just personally say Thank You.
I went through this tunnel in January when the Holland was closed it was amazing going through that tunnel for the 1st time I say it was amazing because of the history and the men that worked on this project its crazy awesome video 👌🏼
Engineering and Art Deco masterpiece
I live in union city, nj and I literally just took a bus from ny by the the Lincoln tunnel today and I've taken it before but I always wonder how it was built so thats how I ended up watching this video. 👍
Love the channel. Maybe do one on the CHESAPEAKE BAY BRIDGE TUNNEL?
Holy crap, can you imagine being in the tunnel during that water main leak? I'd be crapping my pants lmao
Let's not imagine that puuuuuuuleease?😮
INSANE to think this was all done by hand.
I go through the Lincoln tunnel a few times a year. I’ve always thought it was really cool and it blows my mind we are driving under the Hudson River lol
Excellent Video, thanks 👍
Thank you for the great Presentation.
My CB handle was indeed The LINCOLN TUNNEL MASTER 315 back in 1989.
Despatcher Covenant House.
Thank ya man. Ive been going to the city from NJ alot more lately, and yours videos make me appreciate everything from the turnpike to the tunnels that much more. ,👌👍💯
Love it love it love it I love these videos they are accident kudos to you and I especially love when you do history on the city of New York
I’ve only been to nyc a handful of times but every time I’ve taken the Lincoln tunnel. Love it!!
Great video! Glad it's not falling apart anymore!
Thanks for watching!
@@ITSHISTORY I would love a video on the IRT, or BMT, the NYC Els, the steinway/Belmont tunnels.... Great work!
been using the lincoln tunnel since i was a kid, i see it as both awesome and terrible. There's always so much traffic, and it seems broken down in some parts. but it's also a really impressive work of engineering and is relatively well kept.
Love the image at 20:33 - I take the tunnel quite a bit but had no idea what the area around the Helix looks like. Looks like it’s been built up a lot since this video clip.
Drove through it for 20 years fantastic tunnel one story I was driving by a car completely engulfed in flames before that mini tow truck fire engine came that could turn around in the tunnel I was like if this car explodes I've got nowhere to go
WHAT? OMG!
This was a great show. Although I am interested in railroad tunnels and tubes, I am grateful to learn about the history of the Lincoln Tunnel as a native New Yorker. Again, this history is excellent.
Around the time I was born (1951- 1954) my Dad hated driving through the Lincoln and Holland tunnels. He was very, very claustrophobic. So when He got a ride through one of the tunnels (including the Hudson & Manhattan, today’s PATH) he panicked to the amusement of his driver. But he got revenge on a ferry during the early stage of a hurricane.
I've traveled through the Holland more often as a driver, of course the busses take the Lincoln, it just feels too tight in either one, you have to maintain your center of lane carefully those sides get creepy especially where it curves.
The toll is horrible now, when I could use NJT I would
I would take the Lincoln tunnel when I would commute into Manhattan. Amazing documentary.
My father would take either tunnel whenever my mom wanted to visit her sisters on the weekends, but I personally enjoyed the GW bridge .
So cool!
Cool share, Thanks
The area above/around the tunnel entrances are soooo different from then til now (as expected!)
As someone who lives in NJ and travels to NY by bus to the Port Authority. This tunnel is a wonderful. I would not want to go through the Holland or over the GWB. I can't imagine a trip to NYC any other way.
Great video on an important east coast city...
Thanks!
The cost of driving between NY and NJ is outrageous. The toll for those that don't have an E-Zpass is $17 for a round trip (over $14 even with E-Zpass). This applies to the GW Bridge, the Lincoln Tunnel, the Holland Tunnel, as well at the Goethals, and Bayonne Bridges, and the Outerbridge Crossing (all Port Authority facilities). Tolls are collected NY bound only.
They keep saying to use mass transit. However, depending an where you're coming from in New York and where you're going to in New Jersey (or vice-versa), that is not feasible and can take several more hours than driving.
I live in Lodi, NJ which is about 15 miles approx. to the northwest. It is truly a marvel of engineering and mostly human brute labor. I've traveled in both directions over the last four-plus decades and still marveled at it. The cost of the toll now has become an issue for me. It's still substantially easier than it must have been doing that commute with a ferry?
The Lincoln Tunnel is one of the most important civil engineering marvels in American history. As such, the Port Authority needs to remove those three billboards over the tunnel's NJ entrance. They take away so much from the beauty of the entrance. Can you imagine billboards along the Golden Gate Bridge?
Thank you..
I’m taking a cruise leaving from Miami in November. I’m planning on taking the Orlando to Miami Brightline as the cruise terminal is only a 10 minute Uber drive to the Miami port. This saves me over $100 in parking fees
Interesting show thank you very much man ! Good stuff!!! ☮️♥️👌🖖👍✌️✝️🌞❗
It's amazing to me they could work with a slid rule and paper math. No tech help. That's brilliant
Coming from LI it's a PITA. It's easier to go across the Williamsburg Bridge to the Holland Tunnel to get to NJ. The distance to get to the Lincoln from the 59th St Bridge across Manhattan is longer and in worse traffic. All to save on tolls.
About 10 years ago I moved to NYC from a tiny town in NM, worked at JFK & dated a girl who worked for AMEX & lived in Hoboken. With time the commute developed into a fine science & that became my route every weekend when I stayed at her place. In the early mornings, my best time was 33 minutes door to door. In the afternoons, lol most of the time it was 2.5 hours. The longest I remember sitting was 4.5 hours.
The day I was moving into the city, I missed the exit onto the Narrows in SI & just kept on going to the Lincoln. My mother got the dime tour of the city as we made our way over to the Midtown. I was in a lifted 4x4 towing a double axle trailer so baptism by fire 🤣 Fun time in my life that I'll never forget! NYC is a helluva place
I still call "The Lincoln Funnel" 47 lanes from the Turnpike extension into 2 lanes. Avoid it like the plague
Props dude. Where do you find these photographs and detailed information.
I love going from the Manhattan side and coming out in Weehawken where the cliffs tower over you. And late at night, after the Manhattan hustle and bustle, it's almost quasi suburban and quiet to exit in NJ.
Or early in the morning. I’ve had a couple of drop offs/pickups of family at Newark early in the morning and it’s beautiful to zip through both ways.
I just subscribed. I had a steroid shot b in my left hand so I can't play guitar for a cple days. I love your videos. It takes my mind off the scariest of a numb hand.
I love leaving ny going through this tunnel
Very interesting
What they need is an elevated highway coming out of the Holland tunnel to go over the traffic lights, to get to the Jersey Turnpike. That's the next project. I think Robert Moses wanted to do something like that but they wouldn't let him
Hey man, Great work! I am speechless at the result of human cooperation across cultures. A Norwegian Engineer building in NYC with Irish Immigrants working and WASP mgmt + financing This is amazing! I never forget all the men who build this when I travel through the tunnel. Cooperation is the key to any society's advancement and enlightenment. Thanks!
Yeah I’ve been on a City bus which traveled through the Lincoln tunnel,
I had absolutely no idea of the Origins. Of that tunnel ,
All I knew is how backed up the traffic was, and how slowly traffic was dragging along;
I personally felt that the name of the tunnel was of some importance;
But, that’s life in the big city,
Nice report tho
Knew about the chunnel, but never knew about this until I went to NYC last Friday.
I go through the tunnel all the time and I’ve taken my Harley (with straight pipes) through a few times. It’s extremely loud doing that.
Yeah. Some people complain about the noise, but it's necessary to stay safe
I grew up in NJ it was key NYC living ❤🎉😊
What a marvel 👏
No idea why I'm watching a video on the Lincoln Tunnel at 2:40am, but here I am, lol. This is fascinating stuff. I've driven through there many times, never knew the history behind it.
...and now back to the Lincoln Tunnel. *goes straight into ad*
As someone who grew up in fort Lee which is stones throw away from New York the holland tunnel while I find a marvel is also a huge pain in the ass to take I try to not take it if I have to
I use to take that tunnel daily when I was living in NJ and working in Manhattan. My commute to time sq was average 6 mins the trip back home would take up to 3 hrs... Rush hr traffic
I think part of the worth of the Lincoln Tunnel is it teaches new people how to drive in Manhattan. You learn pretty quick how to take your space as those 15 or so Lanes converging into 2.
My grandparents kicked the bucket back in 1994. That was the last year me, my mother, and sister passed through the Lincoln Tunnel. Sure there was the occasional traffic jam in the tunnel, but as young as I was back then I felt safe. About as safe as one could be in a 1989 Nissan Pathfinder.
I lived in Manhattan for 40 years and just recently moved across the Hudson to Hoboken. I had a girlfriend who lived in Weehawken and like a jerk, used to drive over there and picked her up. It was an incredible nightmare trying to get through that awful, awful tunnel. If you don't go before 3 o'clock, you may never get there. Now that I live in Hoboken, I don't drive through either the Lincoln tunnel nor the Holland tunnel. I live very close to the PATH train and can get to Christopher Street in Greenwich Village from Hoboken in eight minutes. (I timed it just the other day. - 8:16). New York City especially is waging war on the automobile. No matter if it's electric or internal combustion. There is great great need for a third tunnel. However, this will never ever happen due to the attitude that the sky is falling due to "CLIMATE CRISIS" - which is 100% FICTION perpetuated by leftist GLOBALIST/ ELITES. Oh, you disagreed? If so, you should do yourself a great big, gigantic favor and do some research. The climate does change and has done sell for millennia. There is no climate crisis whatsoever. Do the research please so you will have knowledge and will not be frightened by toxic rhetoric. Peace my brothers and sisters.
Note to author: I did not hear you mention the word "REMNANT" in this video. Your videos are very interesting but for some reason, we all have these verbal quirks, you pronounce the word REMNANT as R E M I N A N T. it's just FYI to do with as you please. ✌🏽
10:29 The movie theater is playing King Kong and Son of Kong. Both movies came out in 1933, with Son of Kong coming out in December of 1933--which probably dates this bit of film to early 1934. 🙂
It was the Works Progress Administration (WPA), not the Progress Works Administration.
I used to sit in that traffic everyday when I drove a truck from New Jersey to NYC. some days I would get in line at 7:00 am and not even get to Manhattan till 10:30. and other mornings it would take 15 minutes. you never knew back then. going back to NJ the same.
Ditto. When my Manhattan friends ask how long it takes to reach the City from my home in NJ, I say anywhere from 45 minutes to two hours and 45 minutes. I listen to the news channels on radio to get a clue, but they are always 30 minutes behind in their statements about tunnel backups.
yes, both
crazy to think that just a handful of people can tunnel a dozen times faster today with a TBM. Of course we would not have TBMs if not for the experience learned from building all these previous tunnels.
I worked for a place that had an old mail truck to p/u stuff in the city. I once switched drivers in middle of tunnel driver leaned forward pulling on the wheel i slipped into seat while he leaned away from seat. We had slowed down to about 45 wasnt buisy
When I first moved to NJ I stayed at a friends who lived in the 3rd building out of the tunnel on Willow Ave. The tunnel always amazed me, but at the same time I found it to be a royal pain not only when going into the city but dealing with the traffice noise. Although that was over 30 year ago, I still miss it.
Tolls for the Lincoln Tunnel, as well as the George Washington Bridge, and the Verrazano Bridge those tolls were supposed to be temporary till the bridges and tunnels were paid for. They have long since been paid for. Yet, the tolls continue.
Whether it is illegal or not, as they say in New York City, the city, state and Port Authority (which is a world unto itself) they became used to receiving the money coming in. And, it is unaccountable for money coming in. Unaccounted-for money, is Typical for New York City
It’s an amazing experience to go thru. I think it’s a major part of our city, as far as traffic I mean it IS NYC lol
Can you please do an episode on the Seattle underground if you haven't already
Should make a video on the H&M tubes
Mr First, Use to stand in line over night for concert tickets.
It's both and Engineering miracle and a daily pain-in-the-arse, we need another tunnel or bridge to jersey!!!!.
11:36 this is legit. you even got a Citation there.
I used to drive it. It's a pain in the ass. I never thought much about it being a marvel. My main concern was how long I woul be waiting to get into the city,
You got it the first time its a pain in the ass to drive to NYC