The United Kingdom is actually a bit of a hybrid between a Unitary System and a Federal System; but note that it also has elements of a confederate system, is also a constitution monarchy while also being a parliamentary democracy. What I mean here is that, the UK is made of up four countries (technically three and one province, but let's say four countries for simplicity): England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom is a Unitary system in that the Westminster government (Westminster is a city in London) holds all of the power over England; But the UK is a Federal system in that for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, legally and in reality, the Westminster government has a very limited set of powers. For instance, in Scotland, the Scottish Government and Scottish Parliament (in Edinburgh), are much more relevant to people in Scotland than Westminster, the Scottish Parliament decides everything from education to healthcare and even the rate of income tax that people in Scotland pay (there is no "federal income tax" here). Most importantly, decisions and laws made in the "devolved nations" (Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland) do not need the approval of the UK parliament, once the respective devolved parliament passes a law, that's it, it's law*. This has created some interesting situations where the Scottish Parliament has passed laws that the UK Government might disagree on, but the UK Government in reality has no direct power to do anything about it. This has been very notable this year in 2020 with each of the four nations taking different approaches to talking Covid-19, deciding on their own public health policy, managing healthcare differently, and quite often openly disagreeing with each others decisions. * Technically all laws in the UK require something called "royal assent", where the queen (or king depending on when this is being read) has to sign off on a bill (like what the president does in the US), but in her long reign Queen Elizabeth II has never vetoed a bill from become law (that I'm aware of), so practically speaking it's just symbolism at this point. An interesting side effect of this weird mashup of systems is that Members of Parliament (the Westminster Parliament) "MP" from the devolved nations can and do vote on laws that only apply to England, but the reverse is not true - England kind of get the short straw there heh. So a MP from Scotland, because they sit in the Westminster Parliament, is able to vote on English Laws, but because the Scottish Parliament has MSPs (Members of the Scottish Parliament, which is a separate position to a "MP") that are only elected from Scotland, an MP from England cannot vote on a Scotland-specific law. What's more interesting is, the power that the UK Government has to make laws that effect the devolved nations is restricted to a limited set of powers called "reserved powers", and so anything that falls outside of that list is by default considered devolved. The various laws that underpin devolution are purposefully designed to have this ambiguity in them, they basically say "X devolved parliament can make laws about whatever it wants as long as it's not in the following list of reserved matters". Northern Ireland is another really interesting case, because (if I understand it correctly), thanks to the Good Friday Agreement the people of Northern Ireland can choose to hold a "border poll" and vote on if they want to leave the UK and join the Republic of Ireland. The final note I'll end on, and something that's also interesting and noteworthy, is that the UK does not have a single legal system. Unlike most other counties which have a unified legal system, the UK has three separate legal systems: England and Wales, Scotland ("Scots Law"), and Northern Ireland. Each operates in different ways and take different approaches, this mostly comes from history and the way the legal systems worked in each kingdom before the UK formed.
Aaron McHale thank you very much!!!!! I have really learnt much from what you have posted here!!!! Am really greatful, you have explained it all well!!! But what I may ask is how is sharing of resources managed under a Federal system??? Is it done in percentages, ratio.... Ist an agreement in the Parliament???? In case some states have low production rates, does it become duty of the central government to sustain such zones?!?!
I don’t know who are you but I legitimately hope that you’re doing as nicely as it can possibly be, I’m new in the USA and this topic looked like a nightmare. THANK YOU DUDE!!!
Switzerland used to be a confederacy, but I guess it became much closer to a federation after the approval of its constitution and the final definition of borders. It keeps the name confederation as a way to traditionally remind the old times I guess
Thank you so much! I have a test on this and I love how you made it easier to understand by using pie charts and percentage amount. I don’t really understand confederal system but this helped so much!
The confederal system is best. It is the the tendency for a country to drift towards big government and tyranny, which usually requires a powerful national government. A confederation is more likely to prevent it. Also, the closer the government is to the individual level, the more it is accountable.
@@comotellamas9045 That’s one of the quickest ways for rights to erode and for tyranny to grow. People will vote their individual negative rights of life, liberty, and property away in the name of democracy, safety, and security. It divulges into mob rule where the majority is always “right” arbitrarily because it’s the prevailing opinion. This is then magnified to be forced upon the many millions of citizens across an entire nation.
@@BradCartwrightEconomics is india a federal ? Yes, but no equal power , center , State and local (like village councils, municipality, municipal corporations)
Thanks for the video, would please explain distribution of wealth in federal system, and how does the aggregate economy works? Please more elaborate. Thanks again
The USA is NOT a nation. A nation is a group of similar or related ethnicities/tribes, of which a tribe is a group of similar or related clans, of which are a groups of related families. The USA may be majority white, but their NATIONalities are British, Irish, French, German, Dutch, Norwegian, Italian, etc and the many native NATIONS that existed within its borders before the imperial era.
Hey mate thanks for the video! just a question, do you know whether a unitary government has different branches of government or do only Federal governments have this? Eg Judicial branch, Executive branch, and Parlimentary branch? thankyou!
+Dinosaur2508 Great question! Yes, unitary systems do have separate branches of government but usually all of the power resides within one location, such as the parliament. Technically the Parliament in the UK has three separate branches within it--the executive branch (the PM and ministers), the legislative branch (the Parliament itself) and the Judicial branch (the "Law Lords" or what is now called the Supreme Court). ALL members of each branch MUST ALSO BE legislators in the Parliament. In a federal system (Presidential system), members of each branch CAN NOT be members of the other branches. Example, President Obama had to resign from the Senate (legislative branch) once he was elected President (the executive branch) in 2008. I hope this helped!
I consider that common currency is not only a lefty policy, but a federal system characteristic, a confederation would not have a common currency. IT IS JUST CENTRAL BANKING
Not exactly. If we were a confederation, each state would be a separate country and nearly all federal law wouldn't exist. The United States Federal government has so many laws right now that if you started reading from page one to today all the federal laws, it would take you literally several lifetimes to read. So much for not knowing the law doesn't excuse you from breaking it. Ha ha. There's so many laws just on the federal level, that no single human being knows all of them even if they've studied it all their lives. You wouldn't have the federal reserve most likely or a national currency. It's possible like the EU but most of the time confederations in the past couldn't agree on a single nationalized currency. Look at the southern confederation during the civil war. Each had separate currencies for each state. A national currency would most likely be a newer thing for the United States if we were a confederation. Each state would have their own foreign policy, military, diplomacy and even possibly whole different government systems. Like a dictator in one state, republican system in another, a olagarchy in another, etc. We are more federation than confederation. But in a lot of ways we're also partially unitary too. Depends who you ask. Some say the federal government is too strong and that the power dynamic is more like Federal 70/Local 30 and others will tell you the states have more power. Personally I believe we are more unitary than either of the other options but we masquerade as a federal system. But some think we're more free. My answer is just what I said before, start reading all federal laws and tell me when you finish reading. I'll be waiting till the rapture. Lol.
United States is Unitary and here's why. If we were a confederation, each state would be a separate country and nearly all federal law wouldn't exist. The United States Federal government has so many laws right now that if you started reading from page one to today all the federal laws, it would take you literally several lifetimes to read. So much for not knowing the law doesn't excuse you from breaking it. Ha ha. There's so many laws just on the federal level, that no single human being knows all of them even if they've studied it all their lives. You wouldn't have the federal reserve most likely or a national currency. It's possible like the EU but most of the time confederations in the past couldn't agree on a single nationalized currency. Look at the southern confederation during the civil war. Each had separate currencies for each state. A national currency would most likely be a newer thing for the United States if we were a confederation. Each state would have their own foreign policy, military, diplomacy and even possibly whole different government systems. Like a dictator in one state, republican system in another, a olagarchy in another, etc. We are more federation than confederation but in a lot of ways we're also partially unitary too. If we were a true federation, both the states and Federal Government would check one another. You could argue things like Marijuana laws in states that "legalized" it have proven the check exists but I don't think so. If the federal government wanted to, they could crack down hard on states that legalized it but they chose not to. The federal government is too strong and that the power dynamic is more like Federal 70/Local 30. They lay back sometimes like with marijuana legalization to not upset the public and keep their power for more important infringements on our rights. Personally I believe we are more unitary than either of the other options but we masquerade as a federal system. Some think we're more free, I disagree. My answer is just what I said before, start reading all federal laws and tell me when you finish reading. I'll be waiting till the end of time.
Switzerland is a hybrid system between confederal and federal. The Soviet Union could have been characterized as a confederal state but modern Russia claims to be federal, although they more accurately resemble the unitary system.
So is this what Trump is trying to do with the U.S. he seems to want to be a dictator/King and That will never happen without a fight..... By the way yes I hear your children having fun. Good for them. THANK you for taking the time to teach us something. I'm facinated by government more than ever.
Dani Love Wrong. Trump wants states to have more power and is abolishing unnecessary federal policy like Obamacare so that states have more control over healthcare or other things like car emission policies.
Intro sounds like me when I wake up in class
Lmao
Im taking Texas government and you explained this so much better than the book. Thank you.
The United Kingdom is actually a bit of a hybrid between a Unitary System and a Federal System; but note that it also has elements of a confederate system, is also a constitution monarchy while also being a parliamentary democracy.
What I mean here is that, the UK is made of up four countries (technically three and one province, but let's say four countries for simplicity): England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom is a Unitary system in that the Westminster government (Westminster is a city in London) holds all of the power over England; But the UK is a Federal system in that for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, legally and in reality, the Westminster government has a very limited set of powers.
For instance, in Scotland, the Scottish Government and Scottish Parliament (in Edinburgh), are much more relevant to people in Scotland than Westminster, the Scottish Parliament decides everything from education to healthcare and even the rate of income tax that people in Scotland pay (there is no "federal income tax" here). Most importantly, decisions and laws made in the "devolved nations" (Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland) do not need the approval of the UK parliament, once the respective devolved parliament passes a law, that's it, it's law*. This has created some interesting situations where the Scottish Parliament has passed laws that the UK Government might disagree on, but the UK Government in reality has no direct power to do anything about it. This has been very notable this year in 2020 with each of the four nations taking different approaches to talking Covid-19, deciding on their own public health policy, managing healthcare differently, and quite often openly disagreeing with each others decisions.
* Technically all laws in the UK require something called "royal assent", where the queen (or king depending on when this is being read) has to sign off on a bill (like what the president does in the US), but in her long reign Queen Elizabeth II has never vetoed a bill from become law (that I'm aware of), so practically speaking it's just symbolism at this point.
An interesting side effect of this weird mashup of systems is that Members of Parliament (the Westminster Parliament) "MP" from the devolved nations can and do vote on laws that only apply to England, but the reverse is not true - England kind of get the short straw there heh. So a MP from Scotland, because they sit in the Westminster Parliament, is able to vote on English Laws, but because the Scottish Parliament has MSPs (Members of the Scottish Parliament, which is a separate position to a "MP") that are only elected from Scotland, an MP from England cannot vote on a Scotland-specific law.
What's more interesting is, the power that the UK Government has to make laws that effect the devolved nations is restricted to a limited set of powers called "reserved powers", and so anything that falls outside of that list is by default considered devolved. The various laws that underpin devolution are purposefully designed to have this ambiguity in them, they basically say "X devolved parliament can make laws about whatever it wants as long as it's not in the following list of reserved matters".
Northern Ireland is another really interesting case, because (if I understand it correctly), thanks to the Good Friday Agreement the people of Northern Ireland can choose to hold a "border poll" and vote on if they want to leave the UK and join the Republic of Ireland.
The final note I'll end on, and something that's also interesting and noteworthy, is that the UK does not have a single legal system. Unlike most other counties which have a unified legal system, the UK has three separate legal systems: England and Wales, Scotland ("Scots Law"), and Northern Ireland. Each operates in different ways and take different approaches, this mostly comes from history and the way the legal systems worked in each kingdom before the UK formed.
Aaron McHale thank you very much!!!!! I have really learnt much from what you have posted here!!!! Am really greatful, you have explained it all well!!! But what I may ask is how is sharing of resources managed under a Federal system??? Is it done in percentages, ratio.... Ist an agreement in the Parliament???? In case some states have low production rates, does it become duty of the central government to sustain such zones?!?!
The units of power part really helped me understand better! Thankyou xD
Switzerland & UAE are examples of confederal system.
Both UAE and Switzerland are Federations. They started out as Confederal systems
I don’t know who are you but I legitimately hope that you’re doing as nicely as it can possibly be, I’m new in the USA and this topic looked like a nightmare. THANK YOU DUDE!!!
How did i find a comment on a 7 year old video that was made yesterday lmao
Super kind, thank you!
Thanks!This video helps me to understand the lessons on my first day of Business Law Class
I'm thankful that I'm seeing this right before my finals. Thank you alot Mr.Brad
This was actually super simple and efficient... Thankss
Switzerland used to be a confederacy, but I guess it became much closer to a federation after the approval of its constitution and the final definition of borders. It keeps the name confederation as a way to traditionally remind the old times I guess
Definitely going to ace my semester test after watching this. Thank you so much 🙌🏾
Lotsha Mungadi did you ace it?
Baby Neil yes I did 🙌🏾
Excellent! I hope it went well!
This saved my finals thank you so much
you're video really help me do a paper on this subject
Great! I'm so glad! Good luck.
Thank you for explaining so well the systems of government. It was direct to the point and very clear for me.
Thank you so much! I have a test on this and I love how you made it easier to understand by using pie charts and percentage amount. I don’t really understand confederal system but this helped so much!
This is realy very concise and very clear.
Well done
Thank you! Good luck!
The confederal system is best. It is the the tendency for a country to drift towards big government and tyranny, which usually requires a powerful national government. A confederation is more likely to prevent it. Also, the closer the government is to the individual level, the more it is accountable.
I disagree, democratic Unitarianism is best
@@comotellamas9045 That’s one of the quickest ways for rights to erode and for tyranny to grow. People will vote their individual negative rights of life, liberty, and property away in the name of democracy, safety, and security. It divulges into mob rule where the majority is always “right” arbitrarily because it’s the prevailing opinion. This is then magnified to be forced upon the many millions of citizens across an entire nation.
Thank you thank you thank youuuu. I wont fail now 😊
HA! Thats great! Good luck Abby!
Thanks for the video! ! ! It is very easy and understandable!!!
I think the Swiss have a Confederal System.
Thank you so much, very helpful
Its really great
It removed my ambiguity..
Really thankful to you..☺
It’s beautifully explained👏🏽👏🏽📚👨🎓
Thanks! This has helped me in my school assignment.
Thank you! Good luck!
@@BradCartwrightEconomics how you explain india
@@BradCartwrightEconomics is india a federal ?
Yes, but no equal power , center , State and local (like village councils, municipality, municipal corporations)
Now I understood the meaning of confederation.Thank you very much.p Siva Rao,India.
Thank you so much
Amazing Sir
very easy and comprehend-able presendation
Thanks a lot!
india is parlamentary and in practice it is pretty much federal not unitary
Aamir Chhapra it's quasi federal
same thing with Malaysia. ours are Parliamentary system and it's considered a federation
The visit
Matthew Lawrence Perez
thanx man.
Thanks for the video, would please explain distribution of wealth in federal system, and how does the aggregate economy works? Please more elaborate. Thanks again
how does parliamentary works in confederal system of government?
😁 thanks sir was a good lecture, so usefully...was a good lecture with children voice on background 😊😜
Please help me between unitary and federal which one is used for south africa ???
Very well explained. Thank you!
good explanation.......... I understand easily ☺️ thankyou
Glad to hear that!
Thank you for fixing my confusion. Much appreciated
You're welcome!
My Public law book (2019) states The UK is 'neither a federation nor a unitary state'
There is an confederal government democratic confederal system in Rojava .
Thank you sir. This was such a help. :)
Thank you sir this has helped a soul..
does anyone has an essay about this topic?
@George Godson Maybe English isn't their native language.
No
The USA is NOT a nation. A nation is a group of similar or related ethnicities/tribes, of which a tribe is a group of similar or related clans, of which are a groups of related families.
The USA may be majority white, but their NATIONalities are British, Irish, French, German, Dutch, Norwegian, Italian, etc and the many native NATIONS that existed within its borders before the imperial era.
Unitary is the way
Very good video!
LOVE YOU SIR FROM PAKISTAN
I love the video
Thank you sir it really help me
Hey mate thanks for the video! just a question, do you know whether a unitary government has different branches of government or do only Federal governments have this? Eg Judicial branch, Executive branch, and Parlimentary branch? thankyou!
+Dinosaur2508 Great question! Yes, unitary systems do have separate branches of government but usually all of the power resides within one location, such as the parliament. Technically the Parliament in the UK has three separate branches within it--the executive branch (the PM and ministers), the legislative branch (the Parliament itself) and the Judicial branch (the "Law Lords" or what is now called the Supreme Court). ALL members of each branch MUST ALSO BE legislators in the Parliament. In a federal system (Presidential system), members of each branch CAN NOT be members of the other branches. Example, President Obama had to resign from the Senate (legislative branch) once he was elected President (the executive branch) in 2008. I hope this helped!
+Dinosaur2508 Check this video for a thorough explanation: czcams.com/video/OBwX_Ytoxrk/video.html
Skip forward to the 6:15 mark.
You're a legend, thanks heaps!
This lecture is nice but relating to political science ....i cant see anything else regarding politics science
Excellent !!
Good Explanation
thanx mate
What's a "cauny"?
Isn’t Switzerland a confederacy?
I consider that common currency is not only a lefty policy, but a federal system characteristic, a confederation would not have a common currency. IT IS JUST CENTRAL BANKING
Best video.... thanku sir
u made my day
thanks!
iwd shekada
politician abdi ra uf layli dhubad
Russian government
somalia government
Australia and Canada are federations.
What about a unitary system with autonomous regions?
Simple An Atounomus regioun within a Central Unitary Goverment
Like Hongkong in China and
Bangsamoro in the Phillipines
Isn't switzerland a confederation?
The difference between them
i am here to review my final
Good luck!
Not all parliamentary systems are unitary Ethiopia is a federal state with a parliamentary system
Very Well Done! FR
Cool, thank you! Good luck!
Nice
I think the United Arab Emirates might be an example of a confederal system
So basically where a
Confeder government
But call it federal goverment
Not exactly. If we were a confederation, each state would be a separate country and nearly all federal law wouldn't exist. The United States Federal government has so many laws right now that if you started reading from page one to today all the federal laws, it would take you literally several lifetimes to read. So much for not knowing the law doesn't excuse you from breaking it. Ha ha. There's so many laws just on the federal level, that no single human being knows all of them even if they've studied it all their lives. You wouldn't have the federal reserve most likely or a national currency. It's possible like the EU but most of the time confederations in the past couldn't agree on a single nationalized currency. Look at the southern confederation during the civil war. Each had separate currencies for each state. A national currency would most likely be a newer thing for the United States if we were a confederation. Each state would have their own foreign policy, military, diplomacy and even possibly whole different government systems. Like a dictator in one state, republican system in another, a olagarchy in another, etc. We are more federation than confederation. But in a lot of ways we're also partially unitary too. Depends who you ask. Some say the federal government is too strong and that the power dynamic is more like Federal 70/Local 30 and others will tell you the states have more power. Personally I believe we are more unitary than either of the other options but we masquerade as a federal system. But some think we're more free. My answer is just what I said before, start reading all federal laws and tell me when you finish reading. I'll be waiting till the rapture. Lol.
Fuck .. am i colour blind !!.. in unitary circle i saw yellow not orange 🥺🥺
The use national govwement as synonymous as federal or union or central govt is absurd and wrong.
I'm here for my final exam xD
Awesome! I hope it went well!
United States is Unitary and here's why. If we were a confederation, each state would be a separate country and nearly all federal law wouldn't exist. The United States Federal government has so many laws right now that if you started reading from page one to today all the federal laws, it would take you literally several lifetimes to read. So much for not knowing the law doesn't excuse you from breaking it. Ha ha. There's so many laws just on the federal level, that no single human being knows all of them even if they've studied it all their lives. You wouldn't have the federal reserve most likely or a national currency. It's possible like the EU but most of the time confederations in the past couldn't agree on a single nationalized currency. Look at the southern confederation during the civil war. Each had separate currencies for each state. A national currency would most likely be a newer thing for the United States if we were a confederation. Each state would have their own foreign policy, military, diplomacy and even possibly whole different government systems. Like a dictator in one state, republican system in another, a olagarchy in another, etc. We are more federation than confederation but in a lot of ways we're also partially unitary too. If we were a true federation, both the states and Federal Government would check one another. You could argue things like Marijuana laws in states that "legalized" it have proven the check exists but I don't think so. If the federal government wanted to, they could crack down hard on states that legalized it but they chose not to. The federal government is too strong and that the power dynamic is more like Federal 70/Local 30. They lay back sometimes like with marijuana legalization to not upset the public and keep their power for more important infringements on our rights. Personally I believe we are more unitary than either of the other options but we masquerade as a federal system. Some think we're more free, I disagree. My answer is just what I said before, start reading all federal laws and tell me when you finish reading. I'll be waiting till the end of time.
please be my teacher
Zwisterland and Russia are confederations
Switzerland is a hybrid system between confederal and federal. The Soviet Union could have been characterized as a confederal state but modern Russia claims to be federal, although they more accurately resemble the unitary system.
So is this what Trump is trying to do with the U.S. he seems to want to be a dictator/King and That will never happen without a fight..... By the way yes I hear your children having fun. Good for them. THANK you for taking the time to teach us something. I'm facinated by government more than ever.
Dani Love Wrong. Trump wants states to have more power and is abolishing unnecessary federal policy like Obamacare so that states have more control over healthcare or other things like car emission policies.
Ehm, just a small info. There is one confederate state in the world. Switzerland 😁
Sounds like a child is being murdered in the background? Lol
uk devolving? LOL
Helpful, thank you
Cool! So glad to hear Dennis! Good luck and keep watching.