Battle of Alexandria 30 BC - End of Antony and Cleopatra 4K DOCUMENTARY
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- čas přidán 5. 05. 2024
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Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the history of Rome continues with an episode of the post-Caesar Civil Wars, as we look at what happened after the initial shock of Caesar's assassination. Previously we talked about the battle of Mutina and its aftermath ( • Post-Caesar Civil Wars... ) as Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus created a triumvirate, taking over Rome, which signaled to Brutus and Cassius, that there will be another civil war ( • Octavian and Antony: t... ). The latter collected their legions and started building their base of operations, leading to the battles of Xanthos and Rhodes ( • Battles of Xanthos and... ), and that, in turn lead to the battle of Philippi that would decide the fate of the war between the Caesareans and Pompeians ( • Battle of Philippi - P... ). After Philippi, Octavian and Antony basically divided Rome between them. In this episode we will see what was happening in the western part in 41-40 BC as Octavian had to deal with a number of enemies and crises, which culminated at the Perusian War where Caesar's heir was forced to fight Antony's wife Fulvia and his brother Lucius ( • Perusine War - Octavia... ). On the other side of the Roman realm, Parthian-Pompeian alliance led by prince Pacorus and Quintus Labienus invaded and forced Antony and his lieutenant Publius Ventidius Bassus to defend in West Asia in 40 BC ( • Pompeian-Parthian inva... ). Back west Octavian finally decided to attack Sextus Pompey in order to take over Sicily leading to a number of battles, most notable among them at Mylae in 36 BC ( • Octavian Attacks Pompe... ). Despite early setbacks, the campaign against Sicily continued with the help of Lepidus, and the victory at Naulochus allowed Octavian to defeat two of his enemies in one campaign - both Sextus Pompey and Lepidus ( • Octavian Defeats Two E... ). Meanwhile, to the east, Antony was planning to invade Parthia for a variety of reasons and we will see how the Parthians defeated the Romans yet again, after Crassus' disaster at Carrhae, during the disastrous Parthia - Atropatene campaign ( • How the Parthians Defe... ). Antony's defeat allowed Octavian to continue consolidating power and Octavian started anti-Cleopatra propaganda, which pushed the beginning of the last war of the Roman Republic ( • Last War of the Roman ... ) leading to the battle of Actium ( • Actium 31 BC - Last Ba... ). This was the end of Antony and Cleopatra. In the aftermath, they retreated to Egypt and although both of them used every military, diplomatic and political tool in the book, they failed to stop Octavian, and were defeated in 30 BC at Alexandria.
What Happened In Rome After Caesar's Assassination: • What Happened In Rome ...
Battle of Mutina: • Post-Caesar Civil Wars...
Octavian and Antony: the Monsters: • Octavian and Antony: t...
Battles of Xanthos and Rhodes: • Battles of Xanthos and...
Battle of Philippi: • Battle of Philippi - P...
Perusine War: • Perusine War - Octavia...
Sicilian War #1: • Octavian Attacks Pompe...
Caesar in Gaul: • Caesar in Gaul - Roman...
Caesar against Pompey: • Caesar against Pompey ...
How Caesar Won the Great Roman Civil War: • How Caesar Won the Gre...
What Happened In Rome After Caesar's Assassination: • What Happened In Rome ...
Medieval Battles: • Medieval Battles
Roman History: • Roman History
Marcus Aurelius: • Marcus Aurelius - Phil...
Aurelian: • Aurelian: Emperor Who ...
Commodus: • Did Commodus End the G...
Milvian Bridge: • Milvian Bridge 312 - R...
Script: Peter Voller
Animation: Antoni Kameran
Machinima: MalayArcher using Total War: Rome II engine
Narration: Officially Devin
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Sources:
heliotrope-brazil-913.notion....
Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: www.epidemicsound.com
#Caesar #Documentary #RomanHistory
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Excellent video. Can you make a video about the history of Burgundy as a rich and powerful duchy? Please.
Excellent video. I am looking forward to your video on Octavian and his years after the fall of Antony and Cleopatra. I had written a paper in college about Octavian. Calling him Rome's greatest politician is probably understatement. By all rights he should never have achieved what he did, but somehow, he survived and built an empire part of which would survive for many centuries.
Love you work. Take in these videos every Friday.
Re: Tungsten Kinetics (THORS ARROWS)
Double tap Bierut Lebanon harbor August 2018 against a subterranean base. (Jurassic Park)
Hello all, I was the historian and scriptwriter for this episode, hope you enjoyed it! If you've got any questions or feedback for me, please do leave them below, I do my best to get around to all of them when I can!
Well done as usual, I am curious in terms of emperors being crowned. How is Augustus acclaimed emperor? Was he put on a shield and clothed in purple
Hey Peter! Amazing job! I loved the episodes of post Caesar civil wars ! I was wondering, would be possible for you to list your sources? it'll be greatly appreciated by those interested in doing a deeper dive in subjects!
@@sidp5381 An excellent question and one that we will cover in detail in the next episode! In short though, there are two different issues here, really. Being acclaimed "Imperator" by an army happened quite often, but that's not the same as being 'Emperor' in the sense that we think of it today. That took a lot of political moving which we'll cover soon!
@@petervoller3404wow thank you so much. I was waiting for so long for a continuation. The scripts were always amazing!
Could I ask you something related to something else, I need it probably for university.
In 262BC, battle of Agrigentum, you did a video about it (Polybios book 1, chapter 17, paragraph 9-13), foragers went out of the castra and fled. Polybios says that one part now wanted to plunder the roman camp, while another wanted to fight. Don’t you have to fight necessarily for plundering a camp?
Then he says, Rome was able to win, only a moment before they destroyed the palisades, by surrounding the enemy. How could they surround a force outside the camp, if they were inside of it? Did the foragers came back?
Congratulations ! Amazing work
Anthony is forgotten in the shadows of his contemporaries. He was no politician like Augustus, no soldier like Agrippa and no leader like Caesar. But he was still an exceptional man.
And his lion-pulled chariots were glorious...
yeah he was not cunning politician like Augustus but definitely a better soldier than Agrippa
Maybe not like Augustus but definitely good or better than Agrippa
@@robertomahaffey6172 i mean, Agrippa did beat Anthony, didn’t he?
@@Just_some_dude_guy touche, I'm biased.
And so it ends probably one of the greatest and most remembered real life epochs in history. Like, seriously. Since the beginning of Caesar's military career to the death of Cleopatra, have the lives of any other real historical figures had as much influence on popular imagination as these few?
Imagination? Right then let me introduce you to the son of Mary…
@JaleelBeig the thing is... yeah the actions of Pompey brought the East Mediterranean under Roman hegemony, which brought disorder, which led to the emergence of more prophets in Judea. Jesus was among those figures, whether or not you believe him to have a divine dad is a separate story
@resentfuldragon From Jesus to Mohammed there are at least 7 centuries between them, From Alexander to Jesus there are 4 centuries of difference, from Genghis Khan to Mohammed there are 5 centuries. Compare this to the 1st century BC and 1st century AD... Gaius Marius, Sulla, Pompey, Caesar, Crassus, Cicero, Cato the Younger, Octavian, Mark Antony... All of these iconic figures (among many others like Lepidus, Agrippa, Germanicus, and Tiberius) happened to live in the timespam of a century and a half
@@resentfuldragon With the exception of Ali, I wouldn't say any of the figures that surrounded and came after Muhammad had the same influence. Cases like that, Jesus or Alexander, feels like one very talented individual molding the world around themselves. No one in their age and enviroment came close.
Meanwhile with Caesar, while he certainly was a game changer, he had a lot of opponents and successors whose mastery of politics and strategy made them famous on their own right. They didn't necessarily earn their fame by just being associated to a very exceptional individual at the moment.
octavian briefly tries his hand at being a goldigger
I remember my grandmother saying to me: I don’t care what they tell you in school, Agrippa was the reason Octavian won the war...
They don't teach ANY of this at school,..lol~
Winning the war was the easy part. Preventing another one was the hard part. Octavion may have been the greatest politician in history.
Historia Civilis, is that you?
@@matthewmatt5285 It was a reference to Netflix's blackwashed Cleopatra.
@@matebalazs1575 Understood,.They luvv trying to CHANGE history~
Octavian inherited the guardianship of Juba II of Numidia after the assassination of Caesar (he was in one of Caesar's Triumph in place of his father who had sided with Pompey during that civil war but the crowd proclamation spared him). Juba was given the finest Roman education, both civil and military as befitting of an treaty hostage. When he come of age he served in Octavian's legions with some distinction. Juba marries Cleopatra Selene II, daughter of Cleopatra VII and Antony and restored to the throne of Numidia as a client king. Albeit, he grew up in Rome and spend the better part of his adult life fighting for Rome.
Another thing about Juba is that it's mentioned he had a library of Punic texts allegedly from the library of Carthage
Sorry if I’m late to the party here, but MY GOD your maps are getting so so good! Seeing the steady improvement since the early days of this channel is just inspiring!
Thanks!
Last time I was this early my grandma still hadn't told me Cleopatra was black
But seriously, she is supposed to be white. I don't know what they were thinking. I mean Netflix.
@@UltimateRaven That Netflix show on Cleopatra was clearly made and influenced by Afrocentrists who believe that Cleopatra was black, simply because she was born in the African continent and ruled over land in that continent. In reality, Egypt at that time was heavily influenced by Greek and Roman culture, and like Egypt's ruling class at the time, Cleopatra's family originated from Greek-speaking territory.
@@ekmalsukarno2302 I know. That's why I said that. Ptolemy was a Greek general who took the reins as the king of Egypt after the death of Alexander the Great and also, her name is literally Cleopatra VIII Thea Philipator. That's way too Greek tbh and people should've looked at it before trying to film that garbage. I am glad that we have that agreement. Although, I wish I have a way to go back in time just to see everything about that place.
We only know who her father was she very well could have been half white half whatever@UltimateRaven
@robertomahaffey6172 he could have married a pygmie as well, but there's no evidence of that either. All the wives of Ptolemies we know of we also Greek. There's no evidence I'm aware of that any Ptolemaic ruler married or had children with a native woman. Cleopatra was Greek. Get over it.
Today I started my membership with K&G. I’ve been wanting to somehow payback to you guys the endless knowledge you’ve granted me over the years. I can almost proudly call my self a history buff haha
Anyone else feel sorry for Antony throughout all this? And Cleopatra too in fact. I'm personally an Augustus fanboy but still, to be betrayed so thoroughly by everyone must have bit their hearts heavily
As a half-Cypriot I'm loyal to my former queen, and refuse to recognise Octavian's occupation. "Not my emperor!" 😄
@@WaterShowsProd Been dead for like 2,000 years wym "my former queen" and "my emperor" 😭
he only got betrayed because he lost pretty much.. everyone likes winners
This series was my favourite of all K&G, hope you keep it up, Rome still have many battles to fight.
Of course he was far from perfect, but as you said, Antony's bad reputation is quite undeserved imo. After all, the guy was 1 final conflict away from becoming the sole master of the Classical World (well, Classical Europe let's say). You don't get there by accident or pure luck.
I shouldn't have laughed but christ, the string of utter, relentless tragedies and failures and setbacks leading up to Anthony's final end, literally ending in him trying to off himself and failing was so blackly comedic I couldn't help it. The poor sod. Hilarious and tragic in equal measures.
Do you recall how Antony managed Rome while Caesar was away? He was a drunken despot, who allowed the city to fall into disorder when he didn't think he was appreciated enough. He learned all the wrong lessons from Caesar.
It's not mentioned in this video, but it's said that when Antony was hoisted into the mausoleum he was screaming in excruciating pain. @@Blisterdude123
@@WaterShowsProdI did say 'blackly' comedic lol
Also were he and Octavian really that different? I mean I think the two men are a fairly classic case of people who became enemies because of how similar they were.
And while Octavian was certainly brilliant in many ways, I’ve almost lost count of the bullets he dodged and lucky breaks involved in him getting here.
An alternate history of Antony escaping to India would be crazy! I never knew about that plan before.
i think there were some indo greek states in india after the conquest of north west indian behind indus river by alexander he left some men there which made different kingdoms probaly anthony was planning to escape to those kingdom
he was to old.. and weakened to reform or do anything it was over for him
Let's go another awesome banger sending love from Chicago me and my two sons love your channel and your content My youngest even had his teacher sample one of your videos for their history class his class loved it and his teacher thanked him and I thank you too God bless you keep up the amazing work when it comes to history you are the best a legend and a true G.O.A.T.
Are you guys planning on covering the early imperial period as well? That would be awesome if you did. This is a fantastic series!
Yep, planning to
@@KingsandGenerals Awesome! Can't wait to see it
I was about to ask this. Pls, keep working on Roman History episodes.... till 476 AC hahaha. But pls, do not lose the details!!!
@@KingsandGenerals Glory!
Cleopatra be like, "We shall...be buried with all our earthly possessions... like the heathen kings of old."
BRING GOLD AND OIL
@@joshkidd5463 Just don't crown anyone with that gold.
Another amazing video! love this series thanks KnG!
This video was absolutely phenomenal!
Can't believe that it's finally over!!!
One or two episodes to go
End of an era. Literally.
Ty for the 4k content! Love all the pixels in my eyes. xoxoxo
What a fantastic video! It's stunning just how far the channel has come in terms of production values, with these 4k videos being particularly gorgeous! 🔥👑👏
Mark Antony's story is undeniably tragic. After Caesar's death, he rose to become the most powerful figure in Rome after he successfully rallied the people against Caesar's assassins and after the Battle of Phillip he gained control over the entire East, along with its immense wealth and the support of loyal kings. But he was simply no match for the shrewd Octavian and in the end everything he achieved slipped through his fingers . The magnitude of his despair during this time must have been unimaginable.
Regarding Octavian's proposals for Cleopatra's surrender, it is plausible to consider that some of his proposals were sincere. This view is supported by Octavian's treatment of other kings, such as Herod. Despite Herod's loyalty to Mark Antony and even naming buildings after him, Octavian allowed him to retain his power. This example suggests that Octavian was not entirely ruthless towards those associated with Antony, indicating the possibility of genuine offers extended to Cleopatra.
Herod was not on the level of Cleopatra, though. There's no way that Cleopatra would stay ruler of Egypt - she was too competent and Egypt too rich a power base for her. At best she would have been dragged through the streets of Rome during his triumph and then locked away. Perhaps her children by Antony could have become rulers as puppet kings (there was no way that Caesarion was going to be allowed to survive - and he didn't), but even that seems unlikely when Octavian had the option of holding Egypt and all its riches as his personal property, which is exactly what he did.
Herod was a snake and a traitor. Even before all these problem started, he tried his best to poison Antony's mind against Cleopatra. He didn't even come to Actium like most other eastern kings. He didn't resist Octavian's force, instead welcomed them like he was the Emperor already. He then asked Antony to kill Cleopatra to gain mercy from Octavian. Antony was disgusted at this and asked him to get lost. Whatever was named after Antony in Judea, are likely because Antony himself bulit them. He had a history there even before he made Herod the king of Judea. If one has friends like Herod than enemies are not needed.
Great as always 👏🏻
Absolutely one of the best K&G episodes ever. Really well done.
Love this as always!
Even though I have researched and studied this time in history all my life, I still enjoy watching these videos. Always entertaining and informative. Keep up the great work.
There is either a narration or animation error at 3:30, the names/positions of the client kings don't match. (Fix for the ppotential multi-hour summary video I guess?)
I can only hope that'll happen!! I've been going through their Roman documentaries most night!
EXCELLENT AS ALWAYS
Beautiful video the artwork and maps are awesome.
Loving these daily videos. Thanks for all you do!
Thanks!
Great stuff!!!
Excellent video!
Oh finally thank you ❤
Such a great and exciting series. I feel ripe for more series about Roman history and civilization in the future!
I don't know why exactly, but I can't help but laugh everytime the animation appears of the sword falling on a person when he's executed or assasinated.
"- By decree of Octavian, I bequeath to you... a gladius on the head !"
*stab*
"And another for Caesar's assassin's !"
What a series!
Excellent work here
I hoped you would continue it soon 🎉
Another epic video by the Kings and Generals crew😎 Cleopatra was certainly one of the most influencial and known female monarchs, at least in the western world. One more epic video to add to your Roman playlist😎
Great video💯
Good video thanks
16:08 Their refusal to kill Antony was likely due to remembering what happened the last time a defeated Roman general was killed in Egypt.
Who is that general?
@@joeboah6040 Pompey I would assume. Caesar really didn't like that they beheaded him before he could get to Egypt.
He was a CONSUL OF ROME!!!!
Great video
Incredible!
Nicely done video
Favorite series!!
Constantine P. Cavafy one very important Greek poet, wrote a poem for Antony:
The God Abandons Antony
When suddenly, at midnight, you hear
an invisible procession going by
with exquisite music, voices,
don’t mourn your luck that’s failing now,
work gone wrong, your plans
all proving deceptive-don’t mourn them uselessly.
As one long prepared, and graced with courage,
say goodbye to her, the Alexandria that is leaving.
Above all, don’t fool yourself, don’t say
it was a dream, your ears deceived you:
don’t degrade yourself with empty hopes like these.
As one long prepared, and graced with courage,
as is right for you who proved worthy of this kind of city,
go firmly to the window
and listen with deep emotion, but not
with the whining, the pleas of a coward;
listen-your final delectation-to the voices,
to the exquisite music of that strange procession,
and say goodbye to her, to the Alexandria you are losing.
Agrippa deserves his own video like subutai ( mongol ).
I'd just caught up with this series and realised I hadn't seen the closure of this particular period. Lo and behold, here it is, today!
Sick!
good video!
Those portraits are beautifully drawn.
Excellent episode!!
Nice video
Octavian was ruthless.
pff. so where those before him, and those after. but he did show mercy as well.
thats where the greatest men carved their names in history. they know machiavellian theory even before the man was born
I missed the death of J.Caesar's and Cleopatra's son, who was a teenager at the time.
Colleen McCullough has Octavian doing the deed.
By the way, her series of novels covering the period from Marius to Augustus sent me on the quest to learn what I can about the classical world, mostly through historic fiction and more recently college courses, primary sources and CZcams videos such as this.
"ROME IS BLUE!" - Octavianus
Premier league Antiquity Edition
Democrats won
love the Augustus series!
Will you guys cover the Ptolemaic Kingdom and the dynasty from King Ptolemy to Queen Cleopatra?
Mark Antony: "It's over Octavian I have the highground !"
Octavian: "Well I have your cavalry !"
From Cleopatra (1963):
Agrippa : Was this well done of your lady?!
High Priestess : Extremely well. As befitting the last of so many noble rulers.
Then somebody said in anger: "A fine deed, this, Charmion!" "It is indeed most fine," she said, "and befitting the descendant of so many kings." Not a word more did she speak, but fell there by the side of the couch.
Upvote from me : Good vid,all new info for me,as I always believed after Actium,Anthony and Cleopatra's collapse/defeat was immediate.
Yess I’m hyped perfect timing was waiting for a conclusion to my boy Octavian he’s blessed for sure carrying Caesar’s legacy right I also have Caesar’s name i always admired him (:
Take a bow lads what a video 🔥💯
It has been years and i just realised this series exist hehe
Hopefully we get more history of Rome series also more diadochi videos soon!
Thank you for a most enlightening episode. Suggestion... best is to use blue for the colour of the sea... it is so confusing to see it used for the land alongside the green...
Or is my colour-blindness striking up here ?
I want more ancient history videos
Interesting.
Dude was like a particle gravitating around a Caesar atom, when that was ended, he went flying wild. Bet he had the time of his life by Caesars side. Can`t top that.
He was the ruler of the East for 11 years. Even before that, he brought peace and stopped anarchy in Rome after Caesar's death. So, your degradation makes no sense.
Damn what a end to a great series!
Does anyone know the song played at the conclusion section of the video?
If Cleopetra really did work against Anthony it kind of changes how I see Anthony and admire his tenacity
Why
When Octavian offered her clemency if she killed Antony she refused. They both made bad political decisions in the end because of their feelings for each other.
There is no evidence that Cleopatra did anything against Antony. They both refused the offer by Octavian to murder each other to save themselves.
I want to know if the narrator talks like a 1930s radio announcer in real life lol. 😂 Good video regardless.
He has his own channel with gameplays and stuff.
@@jonbaxter2254 So is that a yes?
Do a video on the fall of the assyrian empire and the moden assyrians
Is that James Purefoy's Mark Antony in the thumbnail?
Wow this storg deserve a Hollywood film
Damn Mark Antony's last days were really tragic, especially for a man who once had it all. Brutal.
An excellent presentation of the final disastrous effort by the two to contend with Octavian. I often wonder had not Julius Caesar championed Cleopatra and actually left the government in Egypt as he found it, what would have eventually happened to Cleopatra? Had she not been sneaked in to see him and seduced him, history would probably have forgotten her name as she was 7th of that name. Who remembers the 1st six? Also Achaea in this period of time was only the northern part of the Peloponnese peninsula, not in mainland Greece as shown on your map.
anyone know the name of the soundtrack at 18:24?
Detractors: Calling Anthony a decadent drunk.
Anthony: Swims who knows how much distance in Actium, in the middle of a mayhem of ships and wreckage and manages to reach Cleopatra's escaping ships all by himself.
I agree with your conclusions about Antony. The Donations of Alexandria were actually very shrewd. The kings of the east would be replaced by his and Cleopatra's children.
Is there any record of Antony and Cleopatra's tomb
3:33 bit confused here. Is it Amyntas of Galatia and Archelaus of Cappadocia or the other way around?
Should switch them
@@KingsandGenerals anyway great video regardless keep doing a wonderful job that not even schools do these days
nice
I don't remember that Caesarea was established before 22 BC
Kings and Generals, can you please make videos on the Srivijaya and Malacca kingdoms. Please accept my requests.
There's an irony that in assasinating Cesar supposedly because he had become too powerful- it ultimately ended the Roman Republic.
Rome was at this point no longer a medium size state fighting with equal adversaries but a huge Empire who a constant complicated administration
For that job Octavian and his asociates were better than Lepidus and Antony old civil war veterans
Antony and Cleopatra just like other great figures of Rome at the time were unlucky to have such competition
One wonders how popular history would have remembered Octavian if Antony had been the one who had emerged victorious. Would his legacy have been as mixed as Antony's is, with historians trying to figure out which of his popularly known flaws were based on reality or on propagandic smears?
Love or hate him mark Antony was special he loved life..he is often ridicule as being an overgrown school boy ..by a few historical experts..he was a great man and soldier..the people who slagged him off...I would rather live 20 year's of Antonys life than a 100 of there's..he sucked the marrow of life..a warrior and lover .plus without him and his victorys over caesers killers octavian and agrippa would have been killed....the rest is history...
The last ending of Rome's greatest generals and Egypt's last Pharaoh!
Excellent video
Amazing
The wealth of Egypt would serve the Romans for the next 600 years until the Arabians conquered Egypt, 600 years later..
ah. as long as there is the man behind the throne. it's interesting to watch what hes doing all those times.
agrippa 😎dmn! there goes that man.
I think it's one of the saddest video on this channel
Some feedback: the video is great as always but the flashing transitions are somewhat stressful and strain the eyes.
The only complaint I have for this episode is that they don’t tell us what happened to Mark and Cleo’s children after the victory over Egypt.
They survived at least long enough to march in his triumph in Rome. Cleopatra Selene would grow up then be married off to Juba and rule Mauretania but the other two disappear from history. Cleopatra's son by Caesar was tricked into returning to Alexandria after Cleopatra sent him away for his safety, and then killed.
I don't think it would have a good ending to the episode to cover the children's fates in this episode, particularly because the ones that survive need some time dedicated to them and we'd have to jump ahead in the chronoglogy. They will be covered in the next episode though, don't worry!
Seeing the portraits of the Roman statues without the colorful paints makes them seem like ghosts.
what about Caesarion ?
Agrippa could prolly twist off a handshake...