Making color changing plastic
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- čas přidán 27. 06. 2018
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In this video, I'll be making DNBP, which is a photochromic compound. This means that it reversibly changes in color when its exposed to UV or sunlight. Once I made it, I tried out some cool things with it, like developing photos and making a color changing plastic.
References:
• Procedure I used: goo.gl/LJvQVX
Video clips in intro:
• • Transition glasses und...
• • SolarActive® Color Cha...
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Nile talks about lab safety: • Chemistry is dangerous.
Music in credits (Walker by SORRYSINES): / walker - Věda a technologie
"In the seventh step NileRed tested the Ph, and saw that it was strongly basic, and it was good." - Synthesis 6.28.
😂
This is why I read CZcams comments.
lol my eyes saw tasted
"Thou shalt not mix without a stir bar" - Titrations 20
*Strongly Basic*
I came here to see a cool color changing bear, ended up getting a degree in chemistry.
the_dudete 123 there is a part of the bear
Somebody woosh him ^
lmaooo
Luis P. - ok I’ll will. r/woooosh
how ‘bout a PhD instead?
"I will update you guys when the color changes."
2 years later:
Bear: Nope i just like to stay yellow
ColdPlay bear.
Almost 3 years later still fucking yellow 💛
@@ScoobyShotU yeah
💛
Still yellow!! 💛💛
I need a “but anyway” shirt in the merch store.
Never imagined how I needed that before you said it
marialiyubman and a so anyway shirt also
@mohit bagga why
@mohit bagga anyways cats are fluffy
"...however..."
NILERED
This guy is just a badass. I mean, how often can you say "that's way too expensive, nevermind, I'll do it myself" Props to you!
You should look to NurdRage channel then.
Pietro Tettamanti NurdRage's experiments are sometimes more expensive than buying the actual thing
Pietro Tettamanti Cody's Lab and AvE
To apply it, why not work it into a paste, and then use strips of double-sided tape in rows?
or alt: smear it flat and thin with a butterspreading knife and possibly a gel of somekind like clear glue?
I have another project like that coming up again. I made a solvatochormic dye, which costs way too much on sigma and everywhere else.
Bro... Sell your own DNBP for half price, and you're still $81.26 in profit per 50 mg. That is an insane price lol.
paul beenis other chemists if the site can sell for much more people will buy this more
But he can't guarantee for the isomers... maybe this is the reason for the price.
Toiisha
Not gonna lie...but you need to lye down, and ash your parents why you’re so basic.
@Toiisha Funny thing is they never did neglect to take me to school... while I was at school at least. Least I grew up past insults.
@Toiisha wait what
Brain: Eat the bear
Me: wtf no it'll kill me
Bear: You must!
Forbidden food
@@h.r.9563 The Forbidden gummy vitamin
*”{giggles} it tastes like burning!”*
bear : but i wanna die :D
@@2hell24 didnt expect you to care about that Hu Tao
Am I the only one who doesn't understand much of this but still enjoy it?
apparently.
Same, doesn't feel boring but more like interesting how alot of chemicals can create other things
No, we’re the same buddy, we may be twins, we may be the same person
I’m struggling in my chem class but I be enjoying his vids.
I don’t understand much of what he says but I find his voice soothing and his content is still interesting and entertaining to watch. Sorry I’m not chemically minded, but not sorry at the same time.
I love that every one of your videos are ‘I’m gonna try this’. ‘I fucked up’. ‘It’s not really a big deal’. That’s literally how I live my life lolol
You forgot the “to do this, it is very simple” and then proceeds to do 10 steps, 20 if he messed up halfway through
Yes
We need a "I fucked up" shirt or hat, just some kinda merch omg
Also can't forget about the "I didn't know what to look for, but I just decided to stop when it looked good" and "I really don't know what went wrong"
I was having a bad day, then he made Science Bears and it instantly improved.
Claire Murphy-Petri S C I E N C E B E A R
What is your pfp
Lmao science bears that made my day lol
Improving being a bad day?
I can‘t get over the fact that sigma would have sold your 2 gramms for way over 6500$
"Tell me your biggest secret"
Nile: "Where's my heatgun?"
This is robbery someone who
Just held up a gas station makes less than what you could by selling a few grams of this stuff Now if that ain't true robbery I don't know what is
You mean sugma
@@kryptian6109 wHaT iS sUgMa?
Fussel :D SuGmA bAlLs
Instead of making bear with epoxyresine added with photo chromic dye, make bear with nornal resin and coat it with epoxy resin added with photochromic dye.
Outer coat of it give fast response to light changes.
Thanks
Not rly a science one myself but I think the point was of the result is a complete change not only the outer sheet. So basically I'm saying that it would take some more time to make ur way... I think .. so this method that he does is more viable. :D
@@puckypenguin4u766 nah, just brush on a layer. you could buy a cheap bear and not even make it yourself. easy mode.
Went on my first university lab experience the other day. I was one of the only ones who knew how to use the fancy equipment and why we were doing things, purely because of your videos. thanks mate
TheSadisticMoppit are u from Australia 🇦🇺 by any chance
Is it possible that the bear's reverse behavior wasn't brought directly by UV light but rather heat? You demonstrated that heat can reverse the bluing. A lot of plastic-y things absorb UV light and produce heat. Plus, that dark blue color probably doesn't allow light-triggered phenomena to propagate very quickly. So I'd wager that's what's happening here: the bear just got hot.
Tom Haflinger Damn, that makes a lot of sense
it's also possible the bear was curing through an exothermic reaction, which could also have affected it
That was my thought as well, especially since darkness didn't return the bears to their original color. Perhaps they're in a crystal structure that doesn't allow the reversal of the heat reaction.
It would drown.
@@d3str0i3r Yes IIRC epoxy resin gets hot while curing, so that would make sense if the reason this happened was due to the curing process of epoxy resin.
I have no idea, but what makes me happy is how clean his table is.
When I was doing Chem in HS, I never got what they wanted me to do when “observing” my procedure and write it down, thanks to you know I know EXACTLY what they mean 😂 thanks for helping my grades
In HS, teachers have to account for cost of chemicals for many students, cost of inevitable equipment breakage, and primarily safety. These severely restrict the kinds of experiments/reactions that can be demonstrated. Plus there are the chances of the students' procedures being done incorrectly and failing to show the intended results. College chem classes (especially organic chemistry and higher) are usually much more interesting.
Who needs Chemistry Class when you got NileRed?!😂
I'm failing chem and i learn more from NileRed!!
I know right? Imagine looking at a medicine bottle and recognising every ingredient!
😒🙄
*sees a chem video*
"He sHouLD teACh mY cHem cLaSs*
I really like your videos, they are high quality and great content about chemistry.
Thanks! :)
Jared Becker I agree!
Jared Becker czcams.com/video/_AMEfeawAOs/video.html
KaushikSci self advertising?
Just trying to share my content . I know Nile is far more better than anyone .
6:17 And the lord said "let the magnesium be pulled from the aether"
Ik this is probably a joke but it's ether not aether
Oh my god.
@@jdeaco6036
I prefer the word Æther instead
@@gohunt001-5 æther
@@ic0ted æther
Nice to see chemistry videos! l _hated_ chemistry in grade school! Mostly because of 'balancing equations', but as an older person ...l seem to like what you do a lot! Thanks up loader!
In Uni I had to retake chem twice, I would rather have all my fingernails pulled out by the root than take chemistry again especially with the hateful bitch who taught it while I was there. It was a pretty tiny university so she was the only one teaching the one I needed unfortunately or I'd have swapped the second go round. On a positive note I squeaked by with a low C not sure how. Kinda think she gave me a nudge because she didn't like me any more than I did her. I enjoy these videos though... Weird
Same experience as the both of you. Detested Chemistry and got horrifying grades in it. However I absolutely love these videos.
Same experience as all three of you here lol. I HATED chem during my highschool, took an engineering course where chem was there for only 1 sem (even that I detested), yet here I am, watching these videos lol
69 likes lets goooo
These videos are a lot of fun and a great way to show the power of chemistry, but don't get it wrong -- if you ever want to follow the process yourself, you'll have to learn to love balancing equations.
Next time you try the photo exposure trick, put something opaque (and preferably matte black) under the paper. Your bad exposures were likely caused by light getting under and through the paper and reflecting through and off of the back glass.
If you add it to an epoxy that has already started to set up, you should get a suspension of crystals.
You would get a ton of air bubbles for sure, crystals doubtful.
James Van Daele czcams.com/video/_AMEfeawAOs/video.html
he means adding the finished crystals to resin, why should it be doubtful if he gets crystals if he adds crystals? I think he didn't mean add the solution to the resin and let it crystalize there.
Cooking With Cows yes
Cooking With Cows You could use a vacuum chamber to remove the bubbles.
Yo who's here from 2024 tryna see if that orange bear is still orange
God damn right we are😂😂😂😂😂
From?
@@TheDutchShepherdfrom 2024
I LOVE YOUR CHANNEL!!! I literally can't do basic addition but I love watching your experiments and your voice has such an ASMR vibe to it. Thanks for helping me procrastinate all my homework!
Naina Singh same😩 I should be doing my homework but I’m watching this rn😂
Nice video. Safety note - Generally, it's not a good idea to evaporate diethyl ether on a hot plate as you can reach its auto ignition point and you will get a flash explosion. That's why the proper way to evaporate ether is using a steam bath. The boiling point of water is below the auto ignition temp of diethyl ether. Stay safe and keep the videos coming :)
When i evaporate ether, i keep the hot plate at like 60C. I make sure that it isnt too hot. However, the risk of fire and explosion is always fun. Maybe ill crank the heat up next time for some excitement.
Yeah it's defiently exciting. I'm an analytical chemist and early in my career a yahoo in my lab didn't want to wait for the steam bath to heat up and used a hot plate. Was like a huge flash bulb going off in the hood. :P
NileRed CodysLab? It that you?
I evaporated it under a low vacuum, condensing the ether in a refrigerated container, but that was quite a bit of machinery that an amateur chemist probably couldn't afford. (I was working for a pharmaceutical company, so they had plenty of money to afford that kind of equipment...)
You're awesome dude. This type of channel is what makes CZcams so great.
Random Dude czcams.com/video/_AMEfeawAOs/video.html
Wah dat
Watch it and my others
Make CZcams great again
Yes
As a resin artist (but a failure at chemistry), I was excited to see Nile use resin. And yes, it's often a "pain" to demold our creations.
every time he adds a stir bar it just reminds me of my 10th grade chemistry class which was just like:
my chemistry teacher: "NOOOOOO YOU CAN'T JUST FORGET THE INDICATOR!"
me: "hehe stir bar go spin"
That got me laughing 🤣🤣😂😂
I forget that people actually did stuff in chemistry because covid happened and I never got the chance
In photography there is a substance called "Liquid Light", which is silver nitrate(?, whatever the chemical is in photo paper) mixed with gelatine and melted with heat. When you spread the molten gelatine on, it is thicker and so you can spread it more evenly. Maybe this would help the quality of the spread. Ideally you want a uniform layer of the chemical, and a thicker compound would likely make this easier. You could also mix it into some glue, although you might get bubbles which are a big no-no for this.
you could also try changing the direction of the application with each coat on the papaer, thats how artist get a smooth look :)
not particularly for paper though, but spin coat is also used for both silver halides and dichromates in gelatin to be applied over glass plates, for photographic and holographic purposes
Silver nitrate turns and stains a deep black near instantly after exposure to sunlight, not good to get on your skin or clothes :/
"Dissolved Into The Ether" is our new song
"Teddy bear mould"
I know a fleshlight when I see one.
Asdayasman i- wow
OH SHIIIT
r/cursedcomments
Asdayasman don’t corrupt this holy comments section
Give it to Critikal and watch him shoot rounds with that thing with accuracy equivalent to killer bean
*Every single photographer in existance before the 1960s*
Appreciated the tidbit about how you handled the chemical waste after performing the solvent extraction with the sep funnel! I'd mentioned before how a video on after-reaction chemical waste management would be really helpfull so I appreciated you taking a sec to describe how you delt with the ether laden aqueous solution after performing the extraction :)
Ah yes, the irresponsible and blatantly against regulation method of ignoring it until it goes away. Mmmmm...
"But I was impatient" - NileRed, every video
"eDiT: OmfG ThaNX GauysS fOr THe LiKEs I've nEvR Hit 100 LIKeS on A cOmmEnT" nah jk
Yet he can still make some experiments that take weeks somehow.
Hmm yes, he's not impatient enough, he must sacrifice more yield for less time taken
Archeryte lmao I was thinking exactly that. In the beginning of the video I was actually impressed with him that he took the 4 minutes to slowly add the solution drop-wise, but then of course later in the video that famous phrase "but I was impatient" comes up.
It's fortunate for him that he can get away with it since he's only a youtuber demonstrating the process, not going for maximum yield, and he does typically explain what he could've done to get a higher yield so that's nice
Idek why people say “thx for upvotes guys”
So this is the second video of yours I’ve watch, I’m in quarantine and I’m learning more from your videos than I ever have from college lmao
So you didn't pay attention in class, congrats.
@@Mezuzah87 way to ruin the joke
@@Mezuzah87 lmao
Are we just gonna pretend he isn't magic? 🤔
A whole lot of nothing it all science science is cool and remember one of the most Dangerous materials we know of costs less than 30$ dollars for a huge amount
@@feritperliare2890 LET ME BELIEVE!!!! LOL!!
A whole lot of nothing why believe in magic when you can just do with science make a sprayer with this thing screw with people or something not sure how they will react but there’s only 1 way to find out the scientific way
Moon Tourmaline dang you’re a cold pancake lol
Not saying science isn’t cool- - but this was a joke??
"Tell me your biggest secret"
Nile: "Where's my heatgun?"
Me: you should make sodium bromate
You: na bro
Logan Angellotti WHY HAS NO ONE COMMENTED HOW GREAT THAT WAS? Genius man
Josslin Copling it’s not that funny, plus it isn’t that original
I use sodium bromate for my analysis and was surprised and confused at it being mentioned here. It took me full 10 seconds to get the joke. 😂😂
@@monarchatto6095 who said originality exists
Victor Gamer16 reality. also, originality doesn’t necessarily mean the only idea that hasn’t been thought of in the universe, it just means not something you copy just because you want internet points
The comments are so old that there's no sigma jokes💀💀He doesn't even know what's gonna happen in a few years then
Many epoxy resins do have UV absorbing substances, some kind of inhibitor, so the UV doesn't attack the resin itself. This is probably why it didn't convert fully and pretty slow.
Why it is in reverse, I have no idea.
The orange absorbing NH-form is probably stabilized by the epoxy environment. I don't know the exact structure of the monomers used, but I can imagine the conformational change of the aromatic rings to stack better (since the NH-form seems to be planar, due to the SP2-hybridized carbon in between the phenyl groups) together with the steric hindrance of the nitro-groups play a role. But I might be wrong
But the epoxy said it WASN'T UV resistant...
@@emilysecrest3317 That means the epoxy can capture light such as UV itself, causing degradation. This is the same effect you as discoloration of other plastics when left out in the sun (usually from white to slightly yellow). I can imagine this means fewer photons will reach the DNBP, slowing the process of changing colors.
do you ever get that idea while mixing stuff like, "I wonder what kind of death would arise from drinking this mixture whose chemical components are too complex and understudied?" or its just my ignorance.
I dont think iver ever thought of drinking random chemical mixtures
@NileRed Welp, now's your time to start!
They say that the man who discovered Cyanide had a habit of tasting his work...
Do it! That's science!
Who said you had to drink it?
It would be super cool if you can grow a single large crystal of DNBP
put it in a pen and use it as invisible ink
not so invisible if it gets coloured under the sun and invisible in dark
I have a plastic frisbee that's translucent/clear in the shade and a cloudy purple when exposed to sunlight. We bought it as a "new science" product on an Alaskan cruise about fifteen years ago.
This is what I love about this channel:
Not only do we learn really well from your practice, we also run into many mysteries with you, the solving of which would only be even more informative.
Like, why did water fix it?
Why did the epoxy reverse the process?
So many questions!
For your photography, those printed transparencies are not as opaque as you'd think, and doing contact exposure in a broad light like the sun its really hard to get good contrast even at short exposures.
You'd have better luck with more diffuse light for a longer time.
1 or 2 layer laser prints on regular paper works well for contact printing
I've been seeing a lot of videos of people making guitars from resin with stuff in it (colored pencils, legos, paper), making a guitar that starts out orange and changes over the course of the set as it's out of sunlight would be cool
This reminds me of antique glass, I can't remember what it's called off the top of my head but they made dishes and cups and glasses out of it and when it was exposed to the sun over time it would turn deep purple
"Be careful with the ether as it poses a fire hazard" 5:57 Proceeds to spill it all over the work bench. hahaha! I don't know hack about chem but I love your videos!
16:45
-Hey mom! Did you see my yellow plastic teddy bear? Yeah, it could also eventually turn blue! What do you mean I'm crazy?
to make the photo thing work, i rec looking at old darkroom practice and make a test strip. after that make the print based off of the best exposure on the strip. also, maybe look at anthotypes? since those photo prints can’t be fixed, so some ppl have gotten inventive in preserving the images for as long as possible.
hope this helps!
I feel like the bear can be used as some kind of timer, where you "charge" it under sunlight and use it to tell time when heading to places with no sunlight.
I've learned so much more about chemistry through this guy than my entire time through high school...
I love how in every episode the Sigma is exposed of brutal overpricing :D
i really like the half n half bear. feel like maintaing it balanced could be like a reminder to be mindful kinda like a mantra. good stuff
This video just kept getting cooler. Thanks. Must have been fun.
One of your most interesting videos, even though it asked more questions than it answered.
One thing: most resins continue to harden for a long time after they get seem to set (as I think you've shown before). I wonder if this is why the colour changes stop after a while: the resin has now fully cured.
bilz0r I wonder if the dnbp could be added to some other material that would allow it to move before adding to the bear.
IIRC epoxy resin does get rather hot while curing so that would make sense.
soak the paper in a solution then lets it dry. that way it wont have the streaks from applying it
1:07 sigma nuts
Chemistry and physiology were my best subjects in hs and I still have no idea what he's saying half the time. Pretty advanced/not advanced channel! Perfect.
3:49, That's some good looking orange juice.
Orang of death!
forbidden snacks
Forbidden beverage
orang for meeting the void
7:01 that's some good looking wine
Gelatin film? Nice old tech for distributing photosensitive chems on paper.
agreed! This is a nice idea
i love falling asleep to these videos and waking up w knowledge i didnt know i needed
It would be so cool to have photochromic eyeshadow!! A subtle brown Smokey eye for indoors and a bright blue look for outdoors! So fun!!
You videos just keep getting better and better! Keep up the great work!
I would be interested in finding out other applications for this like car paint , but as for your bares I watch a lot of Peter brown and he always speaks of heating when mixing , it would be really cool if you and he got together and made something ! I love your videos even though I don’t understand chemistry, I wish I did. Keep it up bubba :)
Bro I needed ideas for my chemistry project and I think I'm gonna try the photoshop one it would definitely give me an A ..I was searching for days to find the perfect project and I think I found one ..thank you for your hard work man I really appreciate it and love the way you mentioned every little detail cuz its very important..anyways thanks again
13:31 YES, I was about to say this would make a very cool spy photograph thing, where one spy oculd send pictures to another that would imediatly start to dissapear and never come back
The contrast is low on your prints because of the low concentration of pigment in the paper. Try doing multiple applications with drying cycles in between to deposit more pigment. Also, you could try to create an emulsion of the pigment in agar or gelatin and pour it over the paper while it is glued to a piece of glass. You can also improve contrast by increasing the density (make the dark areas darker) of your negative in photoshop to prevent the light bleeding through and exposing the areas underneath. edit: you could also try creating a nitrocellulose film impregnated with your pigment, or applying the pigment as an emulsion over a plastic sheet. Then when you expose the print, place it on a black surface to prevent backscatter from exposing the protected areas.
What if you spread it in as just Acetone, and then soaked the paper in water
That’s what I was thinking to, it should precipitate inside the paper once the acetone evaporates
That's how photographic "salt prints" are made so it might work. Another would be to make a gelatin suspension of the crystals and then cover the paper with it.
This is the type of science I was hoping to learn from school
If you play around with this again you should try UV resin since I know thermo changing pigments apparently don't work that well with it but it'd be cool to see how the UV changing pigment reacts and how it different from the epoxy you used
Professor Jim, the poor old soul, alas he is no more
for what he thought was H2O was H2SO4.
I was taught : Little Sally took a drink, but she will drink no more....
Anyone else have another version?
@@rachelg9873 I knew it as "jimmy was a chemists son but jimmy is no more..."
Secret Messages??
*The FBI wants to know your location*
I was wondering if you could do a video all about yeast and some cool things you can do with it...
Natural yeast function, getting the niacin out of it, how it reacts to acids/bases... whatever you can make out of it....
Lol you can even make bread or something... fancy like...
Spray the solution on with an airbrush instead of using a foam brush that's why you see the brush strokes and uneven saturation. Also keep the paper flat as it wants to curl up when wet causing the liquid to run towards the edges
NileRed always inspires me to become a chemist
Remember to research all the aspects of being one. I bet has a lot to do with math (which is cool).
Yeah
Maybe you could use a mister to lightly spritz the stuff on
For coating your paper you might consider using an anhydrous-solvent medium, like for full anhydrous-solvent-based industrial inks. It will allow your DNBP to be supported evenly in the solution by the medium and therefore having much less marked brush marks. Also, annoying because it’s tricky to make, you’d probably need to increase your DNBP concentration in the ink. Going fully anhydrous has the vantage to leave your DNBP stable but also, not bending your paper so much (paper bending and retraction is a massive problem with water-solvent based inks in printmaking).
Other solution as to avoid a anhydrous-solvent solution (as they’re generally fairly more toxic) is to work, as for screen printing, with an emulsion between castor oil, water, and a siccative agent. Basically a said water-based print screen ink or a transparent acrylic medium should be just fine. With the screen print one though you can have a better control on how you coat your image as you can print an empty frame or alternatively, print your image itself. With the gesso just work like you did. There are transfer gesso/mediums that are designed to avoid bending.
Also, sunlight is a shit light source for any kind of exposure. Work with arc lamps and measure your time.
The photochromic plastics can also be used for surfers when they use beads to show when to put suncream on again.
Why not prepare a large plate of the mixture of DNDP, acetone and water and place the whole paper in it? Take it out using tweezers then develop it as normal
Best chem channel out there
Dman agree!
i think if you print your negative image with more contrast (maybe posterize it too) then the paper should be thin as it could so the DNBP exposed dont spread creating a blur image, also the light can be a directed one like a laser. Anothercrazy idea is cut the paper in small squares then lay a thin layer of epoxy to prevent propagation of the DNBP. i hope it work !
Thank you for this work, it really help me !
You could also use a darkening spray on the see through paper. Use it all the time for pcb's
14:50 AMOGUS
AMOGUS! czcams.com/video/grd-K33tOSM/video.html
15:28 you just made Monokuma
In fact if you look hard enough you can see the eye scar and gritted teeth on the black side!
I like your funny words magic man /j
This is actually really cool to watch, even if I don’t understand half of it!
Try to make a translucent paint out of the chem and then silk screen paint it on. It’s how a lot of artists get smooth even coats in paintings. Could allow for a more even spread of the chem if it’s stabilized in the ‘paint’ somehow
You could also get a professional cut out stencil of your photograph and then use epoxy inside of a frame for a painting and then fill in the extra space with regular non photochromic epoxy. Not quite the idea you were going for but a cool idea nonetheless
8:00 nile making drugs
13:25 ish
When the water reactivated it. Possibly same thing as the invisible ink used in pranks?
Did anyone suggest turning it into an oil paint, as a basic for the photo paper or as an accent color in a painting. Just thought I remembered the old world painters would blind powders with oil to make oil-paint. I could be miss remembering. Thank you for all you hard work.
Fascinating! Consider silkscreening, mixing into a fine ground paste.
Probably the solid state of the epoxy prevents the oxygen from moving back into a higher energy state? Did ya try to heat one of the bears to convert it back?
Also, some Photochromic pigments lose their color when you hit them with a low energy laser, like a green Laserpointer
This dude's knowledge of chemistry is amazing
Stepping in as an artist who uses a couple different paper types for watercolors and guoache: maybe instead of watercolor, which is much softer and VERY absorbant, try smooth finish cold press bristol paper? I know when I use it for watercolor mixed media paintings, I do have to pre-soak it like watercolor paper, BUT if you don’t pre-soak it, you might get a stronger image, as the negative print might sit more flush on it. And tape the edges down with painters tape.
It’s a bit like burning a silk screen for silk screen printing. The print needs to sit totally tight and flush on the prepped silk screen in order to get a super sharp image when exposed to UV light. The print also needs to be a SOLID black and white, no light passing through the black, so bumping up the contrast should help.
Yeah, I know, three years later. ^^
I wonder how this would react on fabric. To make lines in fabric usually a disappearing ink pen is used, when exposed to heat it disappears but if exposed to extremely low temperatures the lines might reappear; and I wonder if this could be slightly better.
4:06 it looks like some dank orange juice
I think there is an error in the mechanism for the UV reaction you showed. The molecule has too many negative charges in the second structure. The initial hydrogen is transferred as a hydride, not a proton, so the carbon should be left with a positive charge instead of negative.
This guy is seriously underatted
Cool photo of Prypiat, wasn't expecting to see it here!