Just to add -- it was Von Braun who came up with the idea of using regenerative loop cooling to help engines survive the tremendous heat. Only at that point, it was for the V-2. There are museums where you can see a V-2 engine and a J-2 engine (Saturn V upper stage engine) next to each other; the V-2 engine looks primitive and puny, but you can clearly see the same basic concepts at work, including the regenerative loop cooling.
VisitingBoss You mean Germans. In January 1969 NASA scientists didn't change from being Democratic scientists into Republican scientists or evil collaborators, neither did every German scientist and engineer become a Nazi when the Nazi party gained power or every Russian become a communist or every American become a believer in race and sex equality and rights for homosexuals. Most people just go with the flow and do their jobs.
And over 100,000+ other people who worked on all the different projects and missions. From welders to aeronautical engineers, each one played a hand in getting man into space.
Even though I grew up during the height of Space Shuttle Fever in the '80s, I had never heard that the hydrogen fuel was used to cool the nozzles before it was burned. What an ingenious solution. I guess it doesn't absorb enough heat to flash to gas? Amazing!
Then again, Richard Hammond is basically a 12 year old himself... This is the kind of series that History should jump on. Extraordinarily well done, I think it hits a great balance between science and goofiness with his "experiments" keeping it moving at a good pace. It's not the kind of dry documentaries they used to do, but definitely better than the direction Pawn Stars is taking them. Linking the present to the past is the best way to get people interested in history, IMO, and this does it.
tranion and cone cooling water is used the same way in a blast furnist of melting metal at a B.O.F. plant on the upper hood and lower hood of the oven at a iron melting plant.
Only issue I have is that the heating from re-entry is not caused by friction with the air. Friction is a sheering force, it would tear the orbiter apart as Hammond points out. The problem is compressive shock heating.
The issue is that heating on re-entry is a desired effect rather than a problem. The point is that orbiter must slow down from orbital speed to landing speed, and kinetic energy needs to dissipate somehow. If orbiter will be "sleek and pointy", it will crash to the ground at enormous speed rather than land safely.
Yep. This myth about it being friction is still so often repeated, sadly. If it were friction, heating would occur where air is moving fastest over the hull, not where it is moving slowest and re-entry vehicles would have pointy noses and sharp leading edges. As you've stated, the heating comes from compressive shock heating in the hypersonic bow-wave.
@@furman761 They are talking about two different things. The Orbiter decelerates by entering belly first, or at a high angle of attack, so it is very blunt as far as that goes. The question is why the blunt nose in particular, which comes a little later, after it has slowed down some but is still traveling at hypersonic speeds. With a pointy nose, the shock wave off the nose would impinge on the wings and heat them up (among other problems), the blunt nose keeps the shock waves away from the wings. But it has nothing to do with slowing it down, there is plenty of aerodynamic resistance to do that already. Your explanation has more to do with why a capsule enters wide base first.
what like closed cycle rocket engines? russia had those since the 60's the main different in the SSME the preburner is fuel rich and on the russian equivalent (RD-0120) the preburner is oxygen rich
Cannonballs were round because that was the only shape that would easily fit into a cannon and also fly in a generally straight line. It is perfectly symmetrical so it doesn't matter if it is tumbling. Any other shape will be thrown off course when it tumbles.
I hate how they flat out lie sometimes just for dramatic effect. The first machine to pump organs was not an "internal combustion engine", it was a steam engine. They had those for a hundred years before the internal combustion engine.
The RS-25's are not Soviet or Russian made, they were developed by Aerojet Rocketdyne and are built by them. The SRB's were developed and built by Orbital ATK who are now Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems. The Atlas V rocket has Soviet and Russian made engines which is the RD-180 which still are built by Russia. The new Vulcan Rocket being built by ULA uses American made (by Blue Origin) BE-4 engines.
Sadly, the Shuttle did not fly as many times as planned, was to expensive and had to be cancelled. New technology came and we are back to reusable vehicles.
That's like saying you have choice of either siding with us or North Korea. He's obviously gonna pick the US but he probably would have wanted the Germans to get there first. He was, after all, first and foremost a German. Regardless, my point was that we could never have done it without the research that the Nazis did and the German rocket scientists who we employed after WWII.
Nope, Liquid Hydrogen and Liquid Oxygen powers the RS-25. This is why the exhaust is so clear, because there is no soot and the only bi-product is water. Hydrazine engines are hypergolic and an example of what that would look like is the Proton-M rocket which the exhaust is yellow/orange and there is a yellow exhaust from the dumped pre-burner exhaust. The Hover test of SpaceX's Crew Dragon Capsule also uses hypergolic engines.
I think launching satelite in orbit for gps or weather forecasting is reasonable but having space station and feeding the crew with this expensive space shuttle is not so reasonable.
mohammad reza Farhani The space station is one of the most valuable laboratories we have. The ability to perform tests without gravity interfering is essential to a lot of investigations, it has even led to certain cancer treatments.
And if he came across like a professor and explained everything scientifically, the average CZcams user wouldn't understand what he was saying, thus your comment is invalid.
Actually at the time it was cheaper to reuse the shuttle rather then to build a whole new craft then u half to go through new testing to dead the craft space worthy and that it can handle the g's and violent shaking and rattling from the launch while still maintaining it's space worthyness. It was actually very much cheaper compared to building a new craft.
it is a good and informative show...just a little condescending in the presentation as Hammond appears to be talking to 10year old children when he turns to the camera.....
Well no as it would cause the shuttle to be too heavy. The amount of weight needed to lift the shuttle into space is barely light enough to make it fordable to be effective. Even then the shuttle problem ended as it was still rather costly even in the end of being cost effective compared to the Apollo Program. So now even with huge budget cuts do to idiot government. NASA is trying hard to create a new shuttle that is effective and hoping to return to the moon. Yet those plans all been dashed slightly do to a certain president that is so narrow minded commie.
Qardo dam money ruins everything, if they could take up the coolant to the space station with heavy lift rockets and just pump it into the new shuttles just before re-entry, also wondered why the shuttles/capsules cant come through the atmosphere slowly
nunchuckerz Orbital velocity is around 7 km/s. carting around enough fuel to slow down the space shuttle to where it doesn't need thermal protection is ridiculous, so we get around it by making heat shields and blunt designs to redirect and absorb the heat. Also, it's way more expensive to launch a rocket (especially a heavy lift one that could be carrying a paying customer's payload) full of coolant than it is to slap some thermal protection on the bottom of a shuttle.
nunchuckerz the issue is that to carry more weight into space you need more fuel. And a bigger rocket is more expensive than a smaller one, as is sending many rockets. This is a physical limitation, defined by the rocket equation, not just something we haven't thought of. The shuttle would also be heavier on reentry, which might make the heat even worse, but I'm not entirely sure if those two things correlate. And the shuttle is the only craft that has lost lives on reentry because of its thermal protection, and that was partly because of nasa policy.
The Hamster nailed it. I learned a lot while being entertained. Dang, reminds me of a TV series named Top Gear. Great job Richard! Love this series.
Just to add -- it was Von Braun who came up with the idea of using regenerative loop cooling to help engines survive the tremendous heat. Only at that point, it was for the V-2. There are museums where you can see a V-2 engine and a J-2 engine (Saturn V upper stage engine) next to each other; the V-2 engine looks primitive and puny, but you can clearly see the same basic concepts at work, including the regenerative loop cooling.
along with most weapons we use today thought of by the nazis
VisitingBoss You mean Germans. In January 1969 NASA scientists didn't change from being Democratic scientists into Republican scientists or evil collaborators, neither did every German scientist and engineer become a Nazi when the Nazi party gained power or every Russian become a communist or every American become a believer in race and sex equality and rights for homosexuals. Most people just go with the flow and do their jobs.
Martin Willett ok nice story bro but when did i disagree with what you said
Martin Willett that's a nice thought but von Braun joined the Nazi party to further his career that's a matter of historical record.
The 9310 Scope !!! A staple of NASA measurement in the 80's and still relevant today -Glad to see your branching out to Engineering Richard !!
I love shows like this! How everything touches and is touched by everything else.
And over 100,000+ other people who worked on all the different projects and missions. From welders to aeronautical engineers, each one played a hand in getting man into space.
One of my favorite episodes.
Richard... this whole series is just wonderful... Tnx
The engine bit blew my mind... all that fire and power, at a temperature lower than my CPU temp...
op3l yeah, kind of freaks me out a bit
Must be amd
@@branislavkondic8381 stock intel are bad also, 55c on my Intel i5 2400
1:55 Pratt and Whitney engines? Wow, they are still at it since making pivotal aircraft engines in WW2. A legendary name!
completely f-ing fascinating. I learned a lot. :)
Even though I grew up during the height of Space Shuttle Fever in the '80s, I had never heard that the hydrogen fuel was used to cool the nozzles before it was burned. What an ingenious solution. I guess it doesn't absorb enough heat to flash to gas? Amazing!
Probably doesn't have enough time. When you're measuring ignition point in seconds, and transit time in microseconds?
Amazing show. Excellent work.
3:44 Lets hand it over to our tame racing driver, he is called the stig
But he is not called the stig, he is the stigs astronaut cousin
GloryHole Productions stig armstrong
Yes.
Some say he is from mars and wants to return on a space ex rocket.
Pretty sure the orbiter also required one reliant robin and 10d/6s
Amazing! Thank you, Hamster!
Then again, Richard Hammond is basically a 12 year old himself...
This is the kind of series that History should jump on. Extraordinarily well done, I think it hits a great balance between science and goofiness with his "experiments" keeping it moving at a good pace. It's not the kind of dry documentaries they used to do, but definitely better than the direction Pawn Stars is taking them. Linking the present to the past is the best way to get people interested in history, IMO, and this does it.
4:45 "Great engine, runs fine. Very high mileage. Serviced recently."
I agree. The Top Gear method of hypothesis proving translates over really well.
He pronounces "Ice-Cream" like "I scream" lmfao
I like at the ending... "there's an adventure with the doctor."
tranion and cone cooling water is used the same way in a blast furnist of melting metal at a B.O.F. plant on the upper hood and lower hood of the oven at a iron melting plant.
I wanted to eat that chocolate kettle.
Andrew Rodger it was a chocolate teapot.
Me too
Interesting that on _foggy_ days sound actually travels farther. But not on rainy days.
Only issue I have is that the heating from re-entry is not caused by friction with the air. Friction is a sheering force, it would tear the orbiter apart as Hammond points out. The problem is compressive shock heating.
The issue is that heating on re-entry is a desired effect rather than a problem. The point is that orbiter must slow down from orbital speed to landing speed, and kinetic energy needs to dissipate somehow. If orbiter will be "sleek and pointy", it will crash to the ground at enormous speed rather than land safely.
Yep. This myth about it being friction is still so often repeated, sadly.
If it were friction, heating would occur where air is moving fastest over the hull, not where it is moving slowest and re-entry vehicles would have pointy noses and sharp leading edges. As you've stated, the heating comes from compressive shock heating in the hypersonic bow-wave.
@@furman761 They are talking about two different things. The Orbiter decelerates by entering belly first, or at a high angle of attack, so it is very blunt as far as that goes. The question is why the blunt nose in particular, which comes a little later, after it has slowed down some but is still traveling at hypersonic speeds. With a pointy nose, the shock wave off the nose would impinge on the wings and heat them up (among other problems), the blunt nose keeps the shock waves away from the wings. But it has nothing to do with slowing it down, there is plenty of aerodynamic resistance to do that already. Your explanation has more to do with why a capsule enters wide base first.
I like how we put tech information on you tube that would put you in Jail during the cold war
what like closed cycle rocket engines? russia had those since the 60's the main different in the SSME the preburner is fuel rich and on the russian equivalent (RD-0120) the preburner is oxygen rich
yeah, but the rest of our enemies don't
chocolate i-scream
Wow a Petter handyman engine, quite rare!
Cannonballs were round because that was the only shape that would easily fit into a cannon and also fly in a generally straight line. It is perfectly symmetrical so it doesn't matter if it is tumbling. Any other shape will be thrown off course when it tumbles.
I have just learned something new. Cheers, Flood!
that reentry is too emotional
He's just like a big kid!
Not that big
Which is exactly why we all love him!
Or a normal sized kid
Now that was interesting.
That kettle looks a lot like a teapot..
Can you even boil water in a teapot?
This would be even better if it was James May that was hosting this. because like me he is a engineering/aviation fanatics
The chocolate! That poor chocolate!
GO CANADA!!
spacetape and more boosters!
Can somebody tell me what song it is? or if it is a theme song of this program. I loved the beat. @20:53
26:00 did they get that music from Great British Bake Off?? lmao
The Hamster looks so young!
forget the tea just eat the tea pot
I'm sure a machine that "pumps the organ" wasn't to sound dirty, but yeah, yeah it did :P
Surprised Hammond didn't do this with May
All of this:
Spacex: hold my flamethrower
Everyone knew what NASA would do next after the moon landings.
They would take a sigh of relief!
Well what do you think that the largest acceleration the red rocket experiences is during its takeoff ?
how do the tyres survive ?
i love cc 6
Hammond isn’t driving a car....
THE WORLD IS DYING
genious germans absorbing sound with bubbles ;-D
just ignore the 13 dislike there are still innocent amazing documentary of Shuttle
Supa hot fire
6:33 "The original Hammond organ"
what principle is mainly applied on the space shuttle
buttsex
Newtons 3rd Law
Given enough money even a brick can fly.
I hate how they flat out lie sometimes just for dramatic effect. The first machine to pump organs was not an "internal combustion engine", it was a steam engine. They had those for a hundred years before the internal combustion engine.
05:30 (imitates homer simpson) mmmm....chocolate cattle....Ghhahhlnghhahhl
24:03 *_"IM GONNA BUILD A WALL HERE."_*
Nuclear ballistic submarines are more complicated than the shuttle ever dreamt of being.
Probably cuz they are real
Didn't the shuttle end up being absurdly inefficient for reuse?
It did, sometimes described as a giant liability.
To quote Pete Conrad (Apollo 12 commander) "Maybe each STS flight cost 2 billions, but what the shuttle is capable of is 3 billions worth"
your mom is absudrly gay LOL
Wasn't that because it had to be designed for military use (hauling stuff for the military) but for most civilian / science uses its overkill
From what I remember cost of payload to LEO would be $20,000 per kilo with a Saturn V and $200,000 per kilo with the Shuttle.
Brill sonic boom thing!
36:30 listen for underwater sounds then dolphin noises over the top of the mini robot arm,
nasa shuttle spacewalks filmed in a huge swimming pool
cypressbill1980 If you listen very carefully you can hear your stupidity causing a ripple in that same pool
The origin of rocket fuel comes from Chinese fireworks rocket technology. which is powdered aluminium with IronOxide and a binder
3000yr old thermite then !
and the engines are soviet made ..... they still buy them from russia to this day
The RS-25's are not Soviet or Russian made, they were developed by Aerojet Rocketdyne and are built by them. The SRB's were developed and built by Orbital ATK who are now Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems. The Atlas V rocket has Soviet and Russian made engines which is the RD-180 which still are built by Russia. The new Vulcan Rocket being built by ULA uses American made (by Blue Origin) BE-4 engines.
And all this time I thought Chinese fireworks were based on gunpowder starting in the ninth century.
Sadly, the Shuttle did not fly as many times as planned, was to expensive and had to be cancelled. New technology came and we are back to reusable vehicles.
A-LOOM-I-NUM
Al - you -min - ee - um.
what is up with all these videos in 240p?!? I must have fell into the low resolution section of youtube!
Im going to watch Doctor Who right now. Lol
Reply if you know what that aluminum powder/ iron oxide Mizos called.
Bob Ninny thermite
Andrew I get the feeling that you would eat a bicycle , if it was made of chocolate !!!!!!
That's like saying you have choice of either siding with us or North Korea. He's obviously gonna pick the US but he probably would have wanted the Germans to get there first. He was, after all, first and foremost a German. Regardless, my point was that we could never have done it without the research that the Nazis did and the German rocket scientists who we employed after WWII.
@ 30:35 But why can i hear car horns and everything else just fine when it rains?
Just fine, but not with perfect resolution. Have you tried listening for sounds in a heavy fog, or thick falling snow? Same idea.
Y’all are nutcases
They didn't really kidnap Von Braun, he had a choice of siding with the USSR or US and he chose the US. It was his dream to see man in space
Is he going to use another Reliant Robin? I mean it is pointy at one end…
How hard can it be?
Is it only me that hears him saying chocolate I scream kettle?
He forgot the most important ingredient that we had: kidnapped Nazi scientists. So basically WWII put us in space.
haha. he said "red-rocket"
24:03 trump 2015
WE ARE GOING TO BUILD A WALL
Hammond 2016
the great wall of trump
blowtrump2017
"Toobs"
OF COURSE HIS NAME IS JOHN LAUNCH
5:24 "And we start with the very definition of uselessness!"
RIP space shit thingy
1 guy 1 canon... xD
Canon*
no body left the earth
People have left the earth and there is plenty of evidence to show that they have.
@@lewisnorth1188 But if does that, he'll have to admit that his narrative is wrong!
Water is more dense than air.
Thanks NASA.
Lankey Bastard why do clouds float then
why wouldnt they fly out
Surely its hydrazine, not hydrogen, that powers the shuttles engines??
Nope, Liquid Hydrogen and Liquid Oxygen powers the RS-25. This is why the exhaust is so clear, because there is no soot and the only bi-product is water. Hydrazine engines are hypergolic and an example of what that would look like is the Proton-M rocket which the exhaust is yellow/orange and there is a yellow exhaust from the dumped pre-burner exhaust. The Hover test of SpaceX's Crew Dragon Capsule also uses hypergolic engines.
LOL
Waste of chocolate, water, and a grill :P
When is it ever cold enough to wear a leather jacket in south Florida?
Fairly often, actually. Cold air slants down the East Coast from the North Atlantic.
15/7/21
Hammond Trump, and his wall
I think launching satelite in orbit for gps or weather forecasting is reasonable but having space station and feeding the crew with this expensive space shuttle is not so reasonable.
mohammad reza Farhani The space station is one of the most valuable laboratories we have. The ability to perform tests without gravity interfering is essential to a lot of investigations, it has even led to certain cancer treatments.
@@lewisnorth1188 We are finding out all sorts of things that are completely contrary to what appears "reasonable" at the bottom of a gravity well.
And if he came across like a professor and explained everything scientifically, the average CZcams user wouldn't understand what he was saying, thus your comment is invalid.
"Nasa designed the Shuttle to reduce the cost of space operations" Well, i would say: FAAAAIL and back to the drawing board
Actually at the time it was cheaper to reuse the shuttle rather then to build a whole new craft then u half to go through new testing to dead the craft space worthy and that it can handle the g's and violent shaking and rattling from the launch while still maintaining it's space worthyness. It was actually very much cheaper compared to building a new craft.
i scream ice cream
it is a good and informative show...just a little condescending in the presentation as Hammond appears to be talking to 10year old children when he turns to the camera.....
Every Hammond documentary can be watched easily on 1.5 speed...it actually makes them much more watchable.
couldnt they just use the same method for cooling the engines in re-entry
Well no as it would cause the shuttle to be too heavy. The amount of weight needed to lift the shuttle into space is barely light enough to make it fordable to be effective. Even then the shuttle problem ended as it was still rather costly even in the end of being cost effective compared to the Apollo Program. So now even with huge budget cuts do to idiot government. NASA is trying hard to create a new shuttle that is effective and hoping to return to the moon. Yet those plans all been dashed slightly do to a certain president that is so narrow minded commie.
Qardo dam money ruins everything, if they could take up the coolant to the space station with heavy lift rockets and just pump it into the new shuttles just before re-entry, also wondered why the shuttles/capsules cant come through the atmosphere slowly
nunchuckerz Orbital velocity is around 7 km/s. carting around enough fuel to slow down the space shuttle to where it doesn't need thermal protection is ridiculous, so we get around it by making heat shields and blunt designs to redirect and absorb the heat. Also, it's way more expensive to launch a rocket (especially a heavy lift one that could be carrying a paying customer's payload) full of coolant than it is to slap some thermal protection on the bottom of a shuttle.
but thermal protection isnt always reliable and has cost lives, they could just load the shuttle with the coolant before re-entry
nunchuckerz the issue is that to carry more weight into space you need more fuel. And a bigger rocket is more expensive than a smaller one, as is sending many rockets. This is a physical limitation, defined by the rocket equation, not just something we haven't thought of. The shuttle would also be heavier on reentry, which might make the heat even worse, but I'm not entirely sure if those two things correlate. And the shuttle is the only craft that has lost lives on reentry because of its thermal protection, and that was partly because of nasa policy.
why waste the chocolate
24:03
Sound like Trump