Ancient DNA reveals surprising truth about Otzi the Iceman
Vložit
- čas přidán 28. 06. 2024
- DNA sequencing has revealed new details about Europe’s oldest natural mummy - Ötzi the Iceman.
#OtziTheIceman #neolithic #bronzeage #archaeology
Support the Hidden History Channel!
You can support content creation on the Hidden History Channel, on CZcams, for less than a cup of coffee a month, by visiting SubscribeStar here: www.subscribestar.com/hiddenh...
Hidden History Channel tees now available.
hidden-history.creator-spring...
WATCH NEXT: The first religion: European Wild Man and the Horned God FULL DOCUMENTARY • The first religion: Eu...
Visiting the home of the Norse gods at Gamla Uppsala, Sweden - a travel vlog
• Visiting the home of t...
Heilung, historical accuracy and the oldest song in the world
• Heilung, historical ac...
What were the Nephilim - the Bible’s giants or something else?
• What were the Nephilim...
PLEASE SUBSCRIBE TO NEVER MISS A VIDEO
-
My new book ‘The Horned God - History & Mythology’ is OUT NOW! Buy the book on Kindle or paperback here: www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B0B2GHG7G...
My book ‘What Really Happened at Dyatlov Pass’ is also out now: www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B0951TT4X...
‘Dark Secrets of Central Europe: A Tale of Three Cities’ is available here: www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B08GG2RR6...
All my books are available here: linktr.ee/PaulChristian
PLEASE LIKE, SHARE & SUBSCRIBE
Support my work on Patreon from as little as $1 a month.
Patreon: / paulchristianauthor
Follow me on Instagram: / h1ddenh1story
Follow me on Twitter: @H1ddenH1story
SUBSCRIBE to the Hidden History Podcast here (Spotify): open.spotify.com/show/2DxO4Bk...
Or here (Apple Podcasts): podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast...
Mesolithic Europe book from Oxford takes liberties with archaeological ancient DNA evidence
czcams.com/video/UXisSSyahWA/video.html
Tom Rowsell of Survive the Jive has explained that skin colour is almost impossible to ascertain, unlike eye colour which can be determined.
Is it a video about Otzi or it was something that he said in general on another video?
@@ValSchnitzel think he's said it a couple of times in other videos.
If you go look at the actual study, the asnwer is that he was probably as dark as a sardinian. So, southern European. Not exactly the way they have been presenting it like he is super dark or something. His complexion would have been like a modern Greek
Exactly. He was not nearly as dark as they're portraying him in this video.
You have been lied to for most of your life no white people where around 10,000 or even 7,000 years ago,so neanderthals where not white.
Bro, I'm glad you said it. And worst of all the melanin in his corpse they based it on was clearly a tan. lol So a Sardinian (same three genetic groups as all Europeans) walked up a mountain, got a tan, and died.
It's an insidious trend intended to portray a certain narrative.
@@RedOakCrow it trying to right the racist white supremacy assumptions of som Europeans thinking they have boon around from day one,truth is white genetic DNA is a very late development.
Just like the white classification which started in the USA.white genes are recessive meaning lacking.
I remember when they found him and I’ve been following every update since then. This is a truly amazing story of a man that was frozen in time and ice! I can’t wait for more in this journey!
You have company aplenty in shared interest friend!
He had MELANIN in his skin. He was black. Just like cheddar man when they found those bones too in England. Wow. Im sorry sir.
@@HarvardArchaeology To whom are you replying?
Anyone who touts their academic association in context with anthropological and archaeological subjects ought to know that, with the exception of the most extreme cases of albinism, ALL HUMANS HAVE MELANIN !
Just what is your point (agenda)?
Sadly, I find it necessary to add an informative edit for the ignorant: Human beings first evolved on the African continent! A quotation from the National Institute of Health should help people understand how our black predecessors' skin tones lightened as they migrated to higher latitudes:
"How did migration affect skin color?
Living under high UVR near the equator, ancestral Homo sapiens had skin rich in protective eumelanin. Dispersals outside of the tropics were associated with positive selection for depigmentation to maximize cutaneous biosynthesis of pre-vitamin D3 under low and highly seasonal UVB conditions."
@@HarvardArchaeologythat's the biggest bs ever both of them are Caucasian that people that said that cheddar man was black admitted that they lied about stop with the stupidity
"A propensity to obesity and diabetes" with a modern diet, most definitely. It reminds me of the Cocopah Indians in Arizona. Today they have a real problem with obesity, but they were a desert people, likely evolved to make more out of scarce resources. Only, now that resources are no longer scarce this evolution just makes them have a propensity to obesity and diabetes.
Never expected to see the Cocopah mentioned in these comments. All of the early westerners that meet the Cocopah noted how large they were, tall and strong. Unfortunately, that size with the diabetes and obesity propensity can lead to problems.
Search: Native American European roots < East Asian + European.. Wiped out the Europeans and couldn't maintain the civilization because of breeding speeds vs no farming behavior. Masses need to update.
Dang, that sucks! Native Americans from the southwest are some of the coolest IMO. I just learned of a new tribe now!
But this kind of reminds me of how Saharan and Horned Africans, who are usually semi nomadic, when moving to the west tend to develop diabetes in particular. It’s not a very high occurrence. But since it’s rare in their home country, I wonder if it’s related.
I've read that certain native groups (in Arizona, if I remember correctly) had a lifestyle where they would eat well when food was plentiful, putting on a great deal of weight, and then when food was scarce, they lost weight...a "feast and famine" living.
@@rachelwickart275 Some Pacific Islanders had the same traits.
The guy had the skin type that you find today in Greece in most of population. That they try to depict him even more darker is something that goes beyond comprehension. On the positive side of the story, his dna and some tissue has been given to many laboratories, something that will at least save his scientific reputation in more serious scientific, future times.
Can you send me a study that suggests the guy had skin tone like modern Southern Europe populations? They already stated he was Anatolian therefore he’s an ancestor of modern Europeans so why are you here crying about skin pigmentation? I know Africans lighter than Europeans Vice a versa in fact I think the worlds palest person is actually an African. When will you people come to the realisation there is more genetic,linguistic, phenotypic variation in Africa than there is outside of Africa. It is currently agreed that modern humans migrated out of Africa.
@@uniformityofnature1488 First of all the African Hypothesis is fully supported by USA since it is close to Biblical archeology which is something that they badly need to support. There is also Asian, Far Asian even Siberian Hypothesis; it just does not serve politics. The situation on skin (I don't have any problem even if the guy was actually black or australian aboriginal) is that they intentionally mix the idea of migrating ancient populations to the idea of migration in order to give to the modern social causes migration and undertone that it is deeply embedded to human character. This way destroys the scientific endeavor (exploratory data analysis anyone?). The british Cheddar Man was intentionally described by some academics (while most didn't try to get involved afraiding political consequences) as Black, while he was also more closely to MENA origin. They even included him in the black history month (!).
Back in 1660 the Dutch linguists believed that Dutch was the official language of paradise. We are on the same situation now with the DNA.
@@uniformityofnature1488 nonsense lol
@@banker1313 which part? Do you have something to say or did you just want to say something?
Do you have any data or evidence of this ...... or are you just barking to have a fact-free opinion.
Top anthropologists in Switzerland made the first diagnosis that Otzi died from a fall or exposure. Then Otzi was given to Italian forensic doctors to approach it from a medical perspective and they found the arrowhead in a simple x-ray. It did not look good for the analysis work of top anthropologists. The difference between an anthropologist analysis and a postmortem autopsy examination by a medical doctor is that the autopsy is subject to validity testing by other known facts, which in some cases are plentiful. The anthropologist never knows if his analysis is correct by unambiguous corroborating facts.
Thanks for the info!
Sure it was their best guess and am sure they were open to more than one conclusion as stated in video
As I recall, the first suggestion was presented as "consistent with", not as an actual hypothesis.
They found three wounds if I remember correctly, a defensive wound on his hand that had scabbed over, the arrow wound you mentioned which had yet to scab but the blood in the area contained mass amounts of platelets the body scabbing competent, and a post mortum wound a contusion on the back of his head we know it's post mortum because of the amount of platelets found in the area of the contusion
@@immystery3946
Assuming this is true it brings to mind a possible scenario to his demise. A poisoned or intentionally infected arrow head that would take time to cause his death. The hand wound may have been from the initial conflict and when he fled and he was shot in the back with the infected arrow head and followed by his aggressor until he succumbed to infection giving time for his hand wound to scab over. Once he was down the final blow to his head finished him off. It could have been a superstition not to take a criminal/dead man's tools...bad karma.
I’m Northern European, white, and if I was outside most of the day in the sun I would be very dark too. White people tan, folks…we can get very dark.
But you do not have the greater tendency for that compared to a southern European. Still there is a wide gap between them and you know.
I'm very dark from shirt sleeves down....the rest would make a vampire look like he lived at the beach!
I'm Northern European origin and if spend a lot of time in the sun without sunscreen I turn red. I've had some bad sunburns.
@@joltjolt5060😂😂😂👍
True, but tans don't show up in DNA
It seems obvious to me, that it was someone from his own village that shot him. They didn't take his copper ax, which would have been a high priced item of technology.
If the Ax would have been brought back to his village, it would have been recognized. So it was left behind.
While your logic is sound, it may have been that when he was shot, he fell in a location that was difficult to reach. Also it is still possible that he died in a fall, and the arrow found in his shoulder was his, and in the fall it stabbed him. The reason we are all told not to run with knives/scissors as a kid. But you are likely right.
just thought of this too, it could have been a cultural thing why it was left behind, Otzi may have been some kind of shamen and it was thought to take something off of his body would cause a curse of some kind, but again, you are likely right because humans are going to human.
I've heard it suggested that after he was murdered Otzi was respectfully interred on top of that mountain with all of his possessions by people who cared. If you've ever seen the place where he was found it's a beautiful spot...
The odds are he was shot on purpose, and robbery was probably the major reason. We don't know what all he was carrying, but if it was robbery by a stranger he would have taken the copper Ax head.
The most plausible explanation is that he was fleeing pursuit, and that when those who were pursuing him caught up with him, they left him where they took him out and, with their task completed, went back down into the valley and never said another word about it. It is highly likely that otzi (sorry, my keypad doesn't have umlauts) was the village asshole, and that at some point he did something so obnoxious and unacceptable that he knew he had crossed the line and pissed off someone with some mojo, so he lit out hoping he had enough of a head start to elude those whom he was certain would be on his heels seeking revenge...
I find any information on Otzi as valuable, his discovery has piqued my interest for 30 years!
Piqued
@@laurabentley937 Thanx, I thought that I was misspelling piqued (but I couldn't remember the word).
You can’t believe the findings. Period.
@@bobwhite2 Why believe everyone but the researchers studying it?
@@bobbykiefer4306 because we are in the age of disinformation, i.e., people claiming things without research. Research is relative.
If he was found in UK the BBC would have said he was probably black 😂😊
We wuz icemen an sheet
😀
I've read some ignorant racist nonsense in my time, but you go to the top of the infantile ape tree. Jeezus!
If he was found in the USA they would have said he was Trans😂
Not only black, but a non-gender-conforming gay twanny with pink hair.
Are there any DNA trails that lead to present day relatives of Otzi? That would be quite an amazing story.
Yes, I have a Deep Dive DNA match with Otzi via My True Ancestry.
Yeah it turns out all of his direct descendants are in the Congo today.
Yeah he had MELANIN 5:20. Listen again man he was black african. Unreal. Just like the cheddar man bones in England. Im very sorry to you as well sir.
@@TheCoon1975 I have him through my father's mother's line, not in Africa but middle Europe.
@@653j521 Otzi was black, I saw a scientist talk about him on Now This News and he said Otzi was a black African man exploring Europe and he was probably lynched by racist white people just for being black and traveling near white people. I guess some things never change, white people have always been like they are today.
Wow really bending the truth so much emphasis on skin pigmentation.
It's what racist care the most about
are you scared of the truth ? or how it is used?
I remember when they used icepicks to get Ötzi out of his cold grave! My History teacher was part of the team! What a find!!! Every new discovery about Ötzi is fascinating to me!
Greetings from Salzburg, Austria 🇦🇹 🤗
Dark Euro skin goes with that kind of environment and sun exposure
there is no dark euro skin. Southern europeans are not dark, just slightly olive skinned.
Why are you superimposing modern continental demographics to a time period over 5000 years ago?
Ive been keeping up with this Ice Mummy ever since I found out about him, they checked out his stomach contents and he was believed to have eaten a large meal before dying, he also had three wounds, a defensive wound on his hand that had managed to scab over, an arrow wound in his back by his shoulder not scabbed over and a post mortum wound a contusion on the back of his head, this tells us that Otzi was on the run for whatever reason and the person who did it both wanted to make sure Otzi was dead and wanted everyone to not know who did it as he didnt take the axe and he removed the arrow shaft both things that would identify him as Otzi's killer, i believe they also found Otzi camp site where they found ingenious heating technology that wasnt believed to have been possible at the time but i could be wrong about the campsite and have it mixed up with another of the mummies I keep updated on
Drivel.
@@cherylm2C6671 Pulling out the arrow the cordage would come with it. It is fixed with birch pitch which sticks very strongly. It is intended that the tip will detach from the arrow after penetration.
@@HarvardArchaeology Every human has melanin in their skin.
Doesn’t appear to have been robbed
the bruise behind the head they made it with the pickaxe to be able to take it away as soon as possible by helicopter
Sometime youtube suggests realy great content. Very good and interesting video. Thank you 🙂
Now they're trying to make Otzi Black... who would have ever guessed.
They never made him White. They assumed he was because of where he was found but his DNA states his skin's level of melanin. But all humans were African until about 8000 years ago including those in Europe. It took another 4000 years before pale Europeans could even be considered a group.
I also remember when he was found. The finders wrote a book describing their discovery. The reason there was no hair found on the mummy, the authors speculated, was because he died in late summer, fell down a crevice, struck a rock which crushed his right arm beneath him, struggled to get back up, but expired during that attempt. He lay there in water from the snow melt for many weeks until the cold weather froze his remains. While he was submerged, the outer layer of skin sloughed off and was drained. All of his artifacts found with him were scattered, too, as if they had been caught in the water and then settled before freezing. The unusual warm spring exposed his remains. At first, the authorities thought this was a modern murder.
He was black african. Science says he had much MELANIN in his skin. 5:20. Im sorry sir. This is the same as the england bones of cheddar man were found. I'm very sorry sir.
Don't believe in this liars piles of 💩 they also lied about the cheddar man skin color
Launch a conspiracy theory. Say it's a coverup of a Cold War spy assassination.
I read that book, in fact I have a special copy of it...I think they call it a an 'Advanced Reader Copy'. Pretty cool, enjoyed it.
Similar to the body they found in a river bed somewhere in northwest u s a your southwest canada. They thought it was a current murder. But realize the guy is thousands years old. The local native Indian tribe has been trying to claim the body is one of their ancestors but study indicates the guy was of white ancestry.
The evidence of his diet and predisposition to diabetes and obesity is super interesting. He was essentially an Anatolian farmer. Would interesting to compare those health markers and diet to western hunter gathers and indo-European people since most Europeans are a mixture of those three populations in varying proportions.
Or the markers are incorrect? Genetics is the most neocritical science that no one even notices.
Fascinating story. I've had the great pleasure of visiting the Ötzi museum in Bolzano many times. I've had secret conversations with Ötzi when viewing his body thru a TV sized viewing chamber. He does not believe mankind has evolved all that much....
Poor man. He was certainly very astute and had us pegged. Technology advances but people, maybe. The next time you see him give him my respectful regards.
But we have better weapons now.
Otzi would be horrified at today's world
What are they going to do now seeing he was black with much melanin in his skin?
@@valiaudet3415 Doubt it. He just wouldn't comprehend it. He'd know it's still a human society but airplanes, cars, TVs, computers, a map of the world, outer space, schools, cities with millions of people, maybe an ancient Roman or Ancient Egyptian would know pretty quickly that he's in a future society but for a Neolithic where would you start to explain how we got here? Even Ancient Rome may have beffudled a Neolithic tribesman.
I remember that there was a sandstorm in North Africa which caused sand debris to fall in Northern Italy thus melting the snow and thus making his body visible.
I find that more fascinating lol
He was around five hundred years before the pyramids were made
Fascinating and remarkable ! Thank you for posting .
Otzi had a very similar genetic profile to modern people from Sardinia, so most probably had a Mediterranean appearance. Saying that Otzi was 'dark' is inappropriately bringing modern racial politics into archaeology.
There's many Mediterranean people with dark skin. There are dark skin Italians, greeks, southern french, anatolian turks, Syrians, Lebanese, Israeli/Palestinian, Egyptians, lybians etc. There's a high diversity of colour in the Mediterranean basin, with light and dark skin, so just because your uncomfortable with that, doesn't make it untrue. If it makes you feel better dark skin doesmt mean west african black...... feel better now ? ( eye roll )
@@SimpleMinded221 I am not uncomfortable with any skin colour. But there is a current attempt by political motivated comentators to make ancient Europeans basically black. Long ago all our ancestry were black and people lost melanin as an adaption to colder northern climates. But a more accurate understanding of more recent history over the last 8000 years is needed. The neolithic farmers who Otzi was part of are closely related to to sardinians. That is a mater of fact. As for 'dark' I agree that darker skin is variable through out southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. But perhaps you need to check out some photos of ethnic sardinians for reference.
Afrocentric Go away with your pseudoscience! The mediterranean people ARE not sub-saharan africans.
@@SimpleMinded221you basically proved his point that people are bringing modern racial theories into discussions of ancient topics. “Mediterranean” is a much better description than “dark” precisely because it can refer to a pretty wide variety of skin tones. There is no direct genetic markers that accurately predict how dark a persons skin is, all haplogroups can show a rather diverse spectrum of color.
@@SimpleMinded221jump to conclusions much?
I’m sure Otzi liked getting his full head of hair back when he was reconstructed. Thanks science 😂
Joe Biden same thing
They bought him a Toupee lol
So now Netflix can make movie about him.
and Otzi will be played by Denzel Washington.....
Loved the vid. Hope your channel grows🫡
Thank you very much, glad you enjoyed it.
That was really interesting. I bought the book "The Man in the Ice" by Conrad Spindler years ago. I find it amazing just how much more we have learned about our ancient ancestors as time goes on, especially through DNA.
Do you remember they found "sperm" in this man´s anorectal ring ?
Still so cool learning about Otzi.
Very interesting and thank you. Yes, a sample of one has limiting value but a very well preserved sample for future possible study.
I’m not intelligent enough to sort my way through all the jargon, but appreciated the depth of this video. When Otzi’s DNA for Dummies comes out, sign me up! 😂
It was analyzed years ago. The team of Prof Johannes Krause investigated him and other ancient DNA from all over europe and near east and compared to today people. for different reasons. Migration for example. The result was, that the iceman DNA is nearly identical to today Sardinians.
The migration story for dummies:
10000 years ago there were western hunter gatherer inhabiting central europe. brown skin, blue eyes. all of them.
9000 years ago early european farmers migrated into europe coming from anatolia. They moved in two directions. one along the mediterranean and atlantic coast, the other up the river danube. They reached the british islands about 3000 years later. They mixed with the western hunter gatherer to some extent.
app 5000 years ago pastorials from the pontic steppe north of black and caspian sea moved to central europe and brought with them bronze, wagons, horses and the pest. Probably because of the pest they immediately had 50% of the DNA samples from central europe when before there was no sign of them. They spread all over and also their indoeuropean languages. Today all europeans have these three strains in their dna. baltic people up to 30% western hunter gatherer, Norwegians up to 80% steppe herders, sardinians up to 90% early farmers. All others are somewhere in between.
There are some lectures about by Prof Johannes Krause. In english too.
@philchristensen2787, 😂
@@mweskamppp What do you mean by "the pest"?
@@mweskamppp Thanks! The 3 strains is a useful tool I remember from college; it makes sense historically and geographically. Follow up Q: Like Caulkins69 asked - what's the pest?
@@mweskamppp Thank you for the explanation!!
So, basically, it is still nearly impossible to determine complex characteristics like skin pigmentation and eye and hair colour from DNA analysis... despite what some people would like us to believe.
Not really. The iceman DNA was compared to other ancient and modern DNA from different regions. He is by over 90% identical to the early european farmers who moved from anatolia into europe plus a bit western hunter gatherer who inhabited the area before. Compared with hundreds of DNA he fits very good to today Sardinians. He would not stand out in a group of Sardinians.
About determination of phenotypes there is some things that can be said, others not. for example the western hunter gatherer of europe had brown skin and all blue eyes. The markers for that are clear. the steppe herders with indoeuropean language who entered central europe app 5000 years ago had other markers. The markers for their eye color is not so easy, they just say its a light eye color. blue, gray, green, light brown and also light hair color. The today pale skin color of north and central europeans is younger than 4000 years by the way.
@@mweskamppp Chimpanzees have 90% DNA share of humans too.
In a generation when gender is a choice, what difference does it make ?
@@mweskamppp NO, they were NOT Brown, Ya, Gullible Drip!
@@DesertRat.45 Just because someone decides one day that they would rather be an opposite of what nature made them, does not mean they are what they decided!
Thousands to millions of years of existence proves that what they are, is the reality not the choosing of something else.
Wonderful narration and magnificent scientific footage...
and no over loud, annoying back-ground music.
@@ahzzz-realmI am grateful for the lack of music, I agree with you there. But not quite sure about what was so wonderful about the narration. I found it rather flat and mono-toned, and so larded with professional, scientific jargon that by the end I craved a short summing up in plain English.
@@odietamo9376was so grateful for no music it was worth the drone, i guess.
@@odietamo9376 Amen!!!
Excellent video! This fascinating subject was very well covered in your video. Thanks so much!
Ötzi was found only 100 km away were my Family comes from, so I was surprised that in Gedmatch he was the one of all ancient DNA with absolutely no match to me.
My ancestry is mostly Western and Northwestern European, but I am descended from the same maternal haplogroup as Otzi is. People traveled. Perhaps your distant ancestors traveled to Otzi's area and mine traveled from that area. Ancestry is complicated and very interesting.
@@jjbud3124 Only rich people travelled with horses, and no other transport was available. You suggest that they travelled thousand of miles by train or airplane, as if that was true.
Such modern fantasies are hilarious, are you aware how much time it takes to travel from Middle East to Alpes? as example....
And how many people could travel walking like that? being with families, children, elderly, sick, questionable medical care, food provision, and exotic supply like clothing, water, shoes and tools|.
You suggest that they had no other work to do? maybe ordering their food from a restaurant, as when you are busy to travel ,you can't work for your food and needs?
When I see such day dreamers like you explaining such trivialities in modern terms and conditions, as if Otzi ordered his McDonalds burgers on the drive way when resting from long 2hrs travel, and honestly, I can't stop rolling on the floor...
seems like they didn't want him there, shot him.
@@AAAAAAAADDDDDDDDD Huh? What are you talking about? No one mentioned horses, trains or airplanes. We're talking about many, many thousands of years of migration. They didn't travel 10000 miles in a week. They travelled maybe 1000 miles over decades or centuries. People didn't just pop up in different places around the globe, they had to travel to get where they wound up. This one of the silliest replies I've ever gotten.
@@jjbud3124 So you imagine it as if they had the mood to travel and go somewhere carrying their tents and camping gear. Very romanticized view.
I think you watch too many films.
If people in the past had to travel, that was not because they had moods. They had serious reasons. If we don't know their reasoning, everything else is speculation. Please do not project modern Holy Boo films over the past.... ancient people had to stick to common sense and proven experience in order to survive or prosper, unlike today. Do not give them your thinking and your values....
I felt miserable to see how easy you are to draw your own fantasies and film type of picturesque propaganda clichés - without a single fact available.
Film industry propaganda and clichés.
PS: travelling was mostly by foot. How much baggage and children you can carry on your back? funny, that you believe, people had means to travel thousands of miles by foot. Or to travel along 10-12 generations. That's a bit out of reach, to me. There should be better explanation.
I’m connected to Iceman’s mtDNA, although mutated through the years. My matches appear to equally surround the North Sea, being present in the Scandinavia, England, and Germany areas. The North Sea was much lower in sea level then, exposing much more land in the past, possibly even Doggerland.
Given the time passed its impossibke to have one solid link and line. So you would have had ancestors who crossed by doggerland and you would have had ancestors who went later by boat. And who were allready there. In all locations
Wrong. @@Sgt.chickens
This story gets more fascinating as the science advances.
I remember when they first found him - it's hard to believe it was 30 years ago. He has sure been an endless source of information. I wonder how he'd feel about being the man who tols the future more about his time and people than nearly any other source found? Many ancient peoples were very concerned with the idea that they not be forgotten, one driving force as to why ancestor worship is so widespread. Too bad we don't know his real name, but he is definitely being remembered.
It's a pretty crazy thought, isn't it? Through chance & vagaries of climate, being remembered and intimately studied thousands of years after one's death... and yet at the same time, remaining nameless.
It terrified me as a kid in the 90s when I seen him . I couldn’t go to the school library because we had books about him and the face scared me. I dreamt he was in my closet stalking me and I was beside myself for a long time before telling mom why I was hiding in the bathroom at school library time and not checking out books
@@Richie_Alpha_Rabbit69 Oh gosh!! 😅 The curse of a very active visual imagination...? That sounds pretty distressing, I'm sorry you went through it!
@@anna_in_aotearoa3166 haha I then remembered about it in high school when we had to learn about him in history class. But I wasn’t as fearful of him by then
I'm more interested in the copper ax then what dna he had. Having copper ax 1500 before copper smelting was thought. Love for them to find put where raw copper came from. Then where was it smelted..
There were ancient copper mines in the Great Lakes area thousands of years ago. There was a high likelihood that copper traders traveled between Canada and Northern Europe. For all we know, this man could have been a copper trader. If he was traveling with something that had a high trade value, that could have been a reason for ending his life.
Almost zero likelihood that people were traveling between Canada and Northern Europe in Ötzi’s day. This is pure fantasy.
The copper would have been fashioned from natural nuggets. The source of which could have been from some islands off of Greece or possibly western Spain/Portugal.
@@dagnytaggart5216ll
Copper is very common across Europe and the near east. It’s unlikely that anyone would transport copper ore across the world, when there was a market in the Americas. The name Cyprus means copper island. The islander today called Sri Lanka, formerly Ceylon, was know in antiquity as Taprobane to the Indians, Greeks and Romans and again it means copper island. Copper is common. Tin, to make bronze, is rare and people sought it as far west as Britain.
Very interesting new info added
was in Bolzano 3 weeks ago and visited the Otzi exhibition was very interesting
very interesting and more so to me as I share Y Haplo group of EEF and diabetes is common in my paternal line, it being mentioned was quite interesting. The origins of farming and the Anatolian Farmers is a grand and interesting story in and of itself, the early migrations into Europe, Crete etc. and the areas where we today find their domiciles and village grouping, where metal working became part of their technological life evolutions.
Type II diabetes and fatty liver disease from eating fermented fruits and foods high in purine would increase the chances of surviving winter conditions by favoring the storage of fat. The video didn't specify if it was type II or Type I, but It was unlikely to be type I since there was no way to manufacture insulin back then unless he mostly ate the fat from meats to keep his blood sugar low and survive on ketones I don't see how a type I could survive long back then.
yes type ll is what was talking about@@HepCatJack
Europeans got low Anatolian farmers they are high in Mediterranean farmers different line from otzi only basques and Sardinia got high on that signalising a origin from north Afrikaner iberomaurusians
at one time the Anatolian Farmer folk were settled in Europe pre-Indo-European steppe peoples migrating in. There were many with the DNA of G2a, now it is a low number through out Europe with a few exceptions, Sardinia of course has a higher percentage as does Georgia, but it still exists in some amounts, I myself being of that type of Haplogroup, my people were from southern Germany/Upper Rhine before coming to what is now the States in 1740s. Otzi is a good example, probably the remnant cultures of the Terramare and Pelasgian peoples are of this type of Haplogroup as well @@robertolang9684
@@robertolang9684 Lol
Subscribed
Oddly, no prehistoric Vegans are known to science, but science still claims a no meat diet is good for us
Just making shit up to be mad about, aren't you?
I've become more spiritually-minded in my middle age. If this man is out there somewhere, I hope he realizes how famous he is and how important his life and death have became to people living in the future. Like King Tut, his death probably seemed like a real tragedy and disaster, but just look at who he became after he died.
A lot of Europeans go very dark in the sun this is no surprise that he had dark tanned skin.
Have you seen Republican Presidential candidate Vivek Ramaswamy or British PM Rishi Sunak? They are dark skinned Caucasians of East Indian heritage. I imagine that the Iceman looked something like them in skin-tone rather than sub-Saharan African or a typical European
@@openspringsWell light skin in Europe is a recent phenomenon. For most of history people were of the darker shade.
Even the ancient natives of Europe were of darker shade. But then some migrant group brought the gene for light skin in Europe.
Very interesting!
i liked the video because it's a fascinating topic as we learn more with new technology. i also read all the comments...
Great video. Engaging narration and, I think, the first time I've heard correct pronunciation of Ötzi in an English language video! Hurrah!! More coming, I hope!
The thing is, it is not his name, anyway!
@@tomsherwood4650...unfortunately he was in no condition to tell us his name in life.
I follow all news on Oetzi intensely as the first four of the eight gene markers on my X Chromosome are idntical to the first four gene markers he had. This means Oetzi and I are closely related. Just amazing.
Do you resemble him?
My DNA test revealed he and I were related too. Crazy to imagine
@@_--Reaper--_ Resemble him in a way. Medicaslly, I really resemble him....cholesterol and blocked arteries. DNAS tells us who we really are.
My DNA test said I was too. very cool to hear.
we are rlated to many people, Ashkenazi Jes and non-Jews, Romany, and more. I was in the area where Oetzi was found in 1970. Amazing.@@ipoison3862
This sounds like the narrator is just reading the Conclusion section of a research paper.
Why there are no higher res? +1 sub. Keep making videos. Please.
Never let science get in the way of an ideology
It is genetics, not ideology, it is a fact that human beings originated in Africa
Cold climate sun with a white snowy background can turn a persons skin to dark leather.
They really need to give credit to Doctor Brian Sykes. He had to work very hard to find a way to get the dna sample. No one had ever found dna in such an old body before. It's in his book SEVEN DAUGHTERS OF EVE.
So he likely had dark skin for Caucasians. One thing to remember, lighter skin such as Otzi's was the norm in ancient human ancestors for at least one million years. The mutation for very dark skin arose around half million years ago in only a few places in the world.
What if he wasn't outlier? What if he had a 100 children and 20 wives? What if he was a stranger from a strange land that came here? And then did weird things like hiking in the Alps. And then ended up meeting his demise there. What if it's the only person in the whole region from a far away land and hes not a good example at all of that area from whence he was discovered...... Or maybe hes exactly what was there. And hes a perfect specimen, but how do we know the answers to that question?
Copper ax was not stolen , but he was shot with a arrow indicates locals feuding
Ah like Blacks shooting each other in their Neigjborhoods 😢😂😢
Or that he got away from his assailant(s) and died later in the mountains where he fled. Too many questions where we can only guess the answers. @@tesmith47
We learn the answers, piece by piece, by carefully gathering and weighing evidence
His DNA is too European. It's just Sardinian DNA. Which have the same three genetic groups as all Europeans do. The study is reaching too much and the video to make him seem strange.
I don't know many details of Otzi's condition (or cause of death), but I have always found it interesting that a "small copper arrowhead lodged in his left shoulder" could have been the cause of death. Perhaps if it got seriously infected over time, or contained some potent poison, I might accept this as the cause of death.
Surely, there would have been changes to the tissue around the arrowhead that would suggest it was a fatal wound or some chemical analysis done on and around the arrowhead to suggest poison, but I never hear these issues discussed. In fact, no one knew the arrowhead was present until the body was x-rayed. Is this because the entrance wound was well healed? How often do people today walk around with fragments of metal in their body, and they're just fine? How did it kill Otzi?
As for exposure-wasn't he found UNDER a boatload of melting ice? Could he have been hunting in a protected valley, of more moderate temperatures, not yet packed with snow and ice from a glacier, at the time of his death? Or maybe he was on on a shamanic meditative retreat, in nature...
Just seems that there is not enough information presented to draw any definitive conclusions about his cause of death, or circumstances of life....
The DNA information was super interesting, however!
Thank you for sharing it!
He was hit in the subclavian artery and died from a combination of blood loss and exposure. He was found with most of his clothes off. This is what people do when they are dying of exposure. In their last moments they suddenly feel hot and take their clothes off. Weird I know, but apparently that's what happens. The arrow wound was not healed. The original examination was incompetent. The body was also infested with various parasites such as worms. He was in his mid 40's but would have looked much older. His teeth had lots of cavities and he also had arthritis. Life in the Chalcolithic was tough.
@@jamesharmer9293NOT incompetent......incomplete!!! There is a difference.
@@LostintheTwilightZone Not X-raying the body is incompetent. Not assuming that it was a murder is incompetent. This lead to an incomplete examination.
The guy had three wounds, a defensive wound on his hand that had been scabbed over, the arrow to the back not scabbed over but in the process due to the amount of platelets they found in the blood near the wound, and a post-mortum contusion on the back of his head, there was no poison involved that and the arrowhead wasn't made of copper if I remember correctly it was the axe that was made of copper
If you want to learn more about him look him up there is a mummy documentary series that goes over him he's like the first or second episode, also people have been studying him since they found him there are so many articles and research papers on him that you can look at because this video doesn't even go over his campsite or his last meal or anything really they only talk about his arrow wound too
Very interesting.
Thank you
In an earth shaking discovery, it seems Iceman shares 98.9% of his DNA with Maverick.
It's said that Southern Europeans had brownish skin back in those times, which makes sense when you look at the paintings of the Minoan Civilization in Crete, Greece. Not far from the Anatolia.
Bingo !! Unfortunately, many people are uncomfortable with that. I think its rediculious that individuals still think that europe was this ultra white utopia with no genetic or phenotype diversity.
Southern Europeans have “brownish” skin today.
Perhaps some of us are unaware that so called white people have only been on the planet for six to ten thousand years and are not human according to science and their own history. You are on a Black planet due to the fact that nonblack people are not organic beings ie Naturally occurring people. The idea that nonblack people are light skinned Black people is a lie. They are literally of a different race of people.
No, that's not what scientists say. The Western hunter-gatherers had dark skin (and blue eyes), and the farmers coming from Anatolia had lighter skin back then.
@@eljanrimsa5843 maybe not Anatolia but people in Crete were definitely dark skin as seen in the paintings
Please explain the abbreviations used in the narration for those of us who don't know the specialist terminology. Thanks
So interesting.
Iceman was an excellent profession to be in as the refrigerator wouldn't be invented for thousands of years.
Hepcat? Does anybody know what that means anymore? heh
So, he was actually high in the Alps gathering ice? Lol.
His skin tone was similar to modern day Turks. Iceman had zero Subsaharan genetics, he wasn't a Black man.
I'm from Swiss Anabaptist. I match the other Swiss person 13.7 thousand years old but not Otzi. Bichon man", discovered in Grotte du Bichon is the one that I have some matching to.
One note about the baldness ,birds really like long human hair for Their nests. I had a titmouse land in my head one morning, trying to collect some nesting material that was still attached
A whole lot of words to say, "We still don't know all that much."
It’s sometimes the journey that counts, not the destination
I heard that he couldn't get treatment for the Arrow wound because his HMO ruled that it was a pre-existing condition and wouldn't cover it.
Hahahaha
A pre- historic pre- existing condition
@@stevegregg5354 Good One!
Loved the narration, I've heard that voice before and can put a picture to it of a man, but can't remember his name. well done.
🎵🎶Stranger in a Strange Land....🎵🎶 🤟😉 Has got to be the coolest Iron Maiden song.
I find it interesting that the people who found him let their own cultural prejudices interfere with their supposedly scientific analysis. They thought he was a gentle sheep herder in some prehistoric idyl. Instead it seems more likely that he was an unpleasant person who'd managed to piss people off to the extent that they chased him up into the mountains over several days, had at least one knife fight with him as shown from the cuts on the back of his hands and eventually shot him in the back and then left him there. Not exactly idyllic stuff.
Or he uncovered government corruption and was killed to keep him quiet. 😮
czcams.com/video/ZRsQDfgwP08/video.htmlsi=ZbzcZbK2_5gTEsPD
People in the past lived very violent lives. A hostile neighboring tribe would not be unusual. He could have pissed people off by simply being in the wrong gang, as it were. He could have been attacked simply because he was caught alone. Not super different than a chimpanzee war.
The FIRST GYPSY huh?
Pissed off the local folks, probably stealing stuff on the sly. Locals said, enough with this prick, get him.
Otzi ran for his life, the country folks wanted his sorry arse. So up the slopes he went and met his doom by the Posse squad out for his arse.
That’s kind of hilarious when you let that whole charade play out in your mind.
“An unpleasant person who managed to piss people off enough to chase him into the mountains”.
I don’t know why this is so funny to me, but I’m giggling like a school girl just thinking about this.
The village has had enough of otzi’s shit, chased his ass out of town, up a mountain and tried probably several times to knife his ass. Failing that, they continue to pursue him, only for a Neolithic Legolas to shoot him, unceremoniously, in the back with an arrow. Pissed that the entire endeavor took them this far into the mountains, over probably several days, they leave his dumb ass to rot up there.
The scourge that was Otzi, is no more. We can go back to farming for the rest of our days, in peace, knowing his stupid ass is rotting in “them hills”.
LMFAO
Maybe, but that doesn't seem consistent with medical/acupuncture tattoos. They suggest that his village put considerable effort into looking after him as he got older.
I went to see Otzi when I was in Austria five years ago. Unfortunately, we weren’t given much time to stand and really observe him, so a quick thirty seconds to pay our respects.
Pay your respects? To what? A 5500 yer old mummies dead body? Lets pay respect to the millions of babies being slaughtered every day.
Did his face haunt your soul? Did you see him in your dreams?
It really depends what time you gonin my experience. Sometimes theres a long queue outside, while other times you basically have all for yourself, even in summertime.
@@Richie_Alpha_Rabbit69 no, to both questions. I found it quite a moving experience.
@@pamsharpe60 He terrified me as a kid I couldn’t sleep and was unable to get his cleft palate looking face out of my dreams. I thought he was in my closet waiting to get me. I refused to go to the school library because they had books about him there in the 90s.
Haha I was a weird kid. Something about his face just terrified me beyond belief more than anything else at the time ever had.
Otzi looks exactly like a friend of mine who was a San Francisco longshoreman for 40 years. He was short but tremendously strong.
I like people like of that stature! My mom is also tiny but very strong, so were my grandparents 💪🏼☺️
very interesting
I hope this new evidence helps the police track down his killer!
It seems the more they look into ancient man, the more ancient man resembles modern man, and not a man-ape type thing.
People 5000 years ago were modern humans. Modern humans appear in the fossil record 200,000 years ago. The ancestral line of humans separated from other primates 6-7 million years ago. Not sure what you mean by a “man-ape type thing”. Modern humans are a type of African ape. You need to read some books.
He’s only a few thousand years old, not millions.
@@Joanna-il2ur well, DNA would not last millions of years, but they still have not found a 'missing link'.
Even 1 million years ago, there is no solid evidence that man slowly evolved from apes, other than we share a lot of DNA. All the classic depictions of an apeman have been debunked. Kind of like all dinos walking like crocs, or the bronto, or that all dinos were cold blooded, etc.
Even the depictions of man during the time of the iceage (12,000 years ago) have been wrong. All that art in museums with wide noses, and fat foreheads, has been debunked and now they are just starting to depict them more looking like vikings.
My mother is Cherokee, but i have blue eyes and fair skin. Of six of her children only 2 took her native features and coloring. I never felt less Cherokee, but have been doubted because of how i look. Celebrate the "ingredients" our mix brings...... they are each and every piece, a gift of our whole self.
Otzi and i share a tattoo - but that's another story .....
So, for those of us whom are not engaged in a Doctoral Degree program at UNI what does this all mean in plain everyday 9th grade level English ?
He may have had a genetic predisposition to obesity, but I doubt very much he ever got enough food to actually become obese. He certainly doesn't look overweight as a mummy.
If he was obese at the time of death, wouldn't there be physical evidence on his skeleton? My guess is that he had the gene for obesity as a biological advantage for a hunter-gatherer society but in real life never had enough calorie intake or lack of exercise to become obese. Personally, I think he was an outlier to the group who was chased away from place where he was living because he was perceived as some kind of threat. His death involved a certain element of fear and/ or malice. Tatooing probably was done to mark certain life events, indicating some of the earlier tattoos would date back to adolescence. Is there any way that scientists can determine what tattoos date back to what stages of his life and whether nearby culture groups had the same style and pattern of tattoos. If his tattoos did not match in style and application that of known local tribes, it is likely he was an outsider.
All that needs to be said is the known social change and political goals of these academic groups and their finding it is all opinions as to skin color suggestion is the key word
👍
Thanks so much :) 🗻🏔️❄️☃️ Very well researched and produced you even pronounced Őtzi correctly.
The comments are interesting.. so, I’m thinking “dark” could mean olive colored skin, which people have in the Eastern European Mediterranean area.
"The Iceman cometh, but he did not combeth" You get thumbs up nevertheless.
I thought the WHG were dark and the EEF were pale. If Otzi was mainly EEF and dark that is interesting.
He was likely about the shade of a modern Sardinian (which is the group most genetically related to him).
Exactly that's the surprise about it. We thought we knew a thing, but then our sample size of one shows us we don't.
5 feet 5 inches is 165cm.
160cm is 5 feet 3 inches.
Other sources give Otzi's height as 160cm, so 5 feet 3 inches it is.
Pygmy
One of the as yet unsolved puzzles about the Iceman was how he had acquired a half pack of Marlboro cigarettes.
According to Ancestry I’m related to Otzi. So cool!
So... 🤔 He had Fair-ish skin that could Tan to a deeper color. Did he have an epic 'Farmers Tan' like many men have today?
I am still not sure what the surprising truth is. Baldness, skin color, diabetes, obesity? It was sort of interesting. I do not know what a phenotype is.
Phenotype is how a gene is expressed. Like blue eyes or brown eyes. Skin pigmentation. Baldness. A simplistic way of understanding phenotype is that it is the things you can see with your eyes.
he got better health care than you will ever get.
I love otzi 😊
Idc what color or size he is 🥰
Love hearing more discovery about him
I had heard that Otzi was 100 % Anatolian farmers. This video claims he was really a mixture of mostly Anatolian farmer, with some original European hunter gather ancestry. This sounds far more plausible. I never heard of the Anatolian new comers totally replacing the indigenous population anywhere.
Naturally there was no steppe ancestry. Around 3000 BC is too early for this in Northern Italy.
Likely the Steppe ancestry was not spread by warfare, but more by the Plague. The Steppe people had built up a lot of resistance to this, others, not so much. How to survive the coming of the Steppe people? Have the Plague arrive well before they do. In Northern Europe, this did not happen and the hybrid Anatolian farmer, indigenous hunter gatherers were largely replace. In Southern Europe, with faster transportation, the disease arrived first, decimating the population, which had time to partially recover when the Steppe people arrived, resulting in a more hybrid population. Although, perhaps curiously, mostly (but not entirely) adapting a Indo-European language like the people in the North. Mirroring what happened in 1346 AD, the fastest advance of the Plague travelling by sea, in a clockwise motion around Europe, through the Mediterranean, then north through France, then back eastward (in 1349). Except the rate of spread of the Plague was much faster in 1346 AD than 2500 BC, with much more boat traffic. The Plague theory fits the modern genetic data much better than the warfare theory, which does not explain why the people of Southern Europe survived the coming of the Steppe people much better than the Northern European population did.
It could have been both, first plague and then war and conquest. Interbreeding in Britain and other regions occurred mostly between steppe Indo-European speaking men and Anatolian farming women. What happened to the Anatolian men? I doubt they gave up without a fight, left all their young women to the invaders, and then died of old age as celibate monks.
@@davids5126 same story in Anatolia today. Only turkish Y chromosomes, but X chromosomes from all types of groups. They killed the existing men.
The problem with history is, that most of it isn’t fact checked by peers. Thus anybody could blab about something long enough to make people believe it. Often motivated by political views. Much like CZcams videos.
Jest, as you will. But The Big Y gene test revealed something that piqued the geneticists that they knew of a mutant gene found only in the male lines of the 3-4th century Scottish Highland kings. DNA studies of remains found in archeological digs. But you never hear it being talked about, until those geneticists contacted the male descendant asking if there was a family tree with specific surnames associated with this line.
Did the isotope study reveal that he was native to the alpine region? Because I don’t think you mentioned.
Poor Otzi.
I hope his DNA is tested on modern genealogy sites, like 23 and me or some other heritage testing. Maybe he's related to some of us today.
Commercial geneology sites' accuracy is heavily skewed by the mobility of geneologic groups across continents and oceans over millennia. Location of living relatives is limited to individuals who have actually submitted DNA samples to the sites. I wouldn't rely on those sites any more than I would base a business decision on advice printed from a coin operated astrology machine.
@@icemancometh1621Nonsense! If it wasn't for that coin-operated astrology machine telling me to "take a chance", I wouldn't have invested my life's savings and my kid's college funds into Doge Coin, and Bored Ape Yacht Club and Trump NFT's!!
I'M GONNA BE RICH!!!
Many modern people are descendants of the same ancestral DNA and mtDNA as Otzi. I'm "related" to him through mtDNA (not very closely though 😄).
My local landlord in Canada look EXACTLY like Otzi. Fritz, his dad, was born in Switzerland in a farmhouse not far from where Otzi was found! No DNA test necessary. His German dialect SOUNDS Italian! My landlords mom is also from Switzerland. Friends who have visited the Museum in Italy are incredulous!!
His dna was uploaded to MyHeritage but they are one of the least accurate of the big dna sites. His results are 51.9% Sardinian, 35.4% Iberian, 8.5% North African, 2.3% Middle Eastern and 1.9% Nigerian. Not too bad except the Nigerian is incorrect but not surprising with MyHeritage. :)
He's looked like that movie actor who shouted: THIS IS SPARTA!!!