Engineer Explains How the World’s Longest Suspension Bridge Will Be Built | WSJ
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- čas přidán 28. 05. 2024
- Italy’s parliament has finally approved a plan to build the world’s longest suspension bridge between Sicily and the mainland, an area prone to 170 mph winds, powerful riptides and earthquakes.
This suspension bridge across the Strait of Messina will be 2.2 miles long and include two gigantic towers, each 100 feet taller than New York’s Empire State Building. The project could employ 100,000 people in the area and help revitalize Italy’s economically struggling south.
WSJ explains Italy’s technical plans for the bridge, and the engineering developments that may make it feasible.
Chapters:
0:00 Italy’s project
0:44 The problems
1:37 The bridge
2:53 The fault line challenge
3:55 The wind challenge
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I understand birds colliding with skyscrapers because of the glass and all that, but how does a bird collide with a bridge?
Fog?
OK, maybe alcohol too 😎
bird mafia
The bird excuse is used for pretty much all infrastructure projects by people or interests that want to block it, it's not based in any significant reality, when in reality the common house cat kills more birds globally than any infrastructure project ever has.
It Is possible beceause they are migrant birds that use to sleep when flying to large distances
Maybe the cables are invisible and so this causes them to crash. You have to remember that birds have a different vision than us so it makes it more difficult for them to see what we see.
The Tacoma Narrows example might be a bit misleading. It was not a great example of potential damage due to the speed of the wind, which was only 42mph (67kph) at the time. The wind speed wasn't the issue as much as it was the structure of the bridge that allowed a harmonic resonance to build up within the structure that amplified the frequency of the wind's effect on the bridge, thus causing its collapse. The old trusses were a more rectangular, flat plate design. The replacement bridge used tapered, triangular trusses that improved the wind flow across it, much like what this design uses. I think this bridge's challenge isn't as much the constant high speed of the wind, as it will be the gusts or rapid changes in the speed of the wind. The deck and tower flexibilities will greatly assist in this regard. It will be a great feat of engineering to be sure!
About the Tacoma bridge: precisely! I was surprised the WSJ was so superficial on that! There are even videos of it shortly before the collapse, with cars on it: the bridge is swinging left and right bu the car is stable in the middle, meaning that the wind didn't have enough force to move the car laterally, hence for sure didn't have enough force to make the bridge swinging, hence the bridge is swinging because of something else: the sound.
For those who want to go into details, the Tacoma bridge failure was not due to resonance but aeroelastic fluttering. Engineering-wise, it's an entirely different problem.
0.13-0.17 I do t know where you took that picture but south italy isnt a slum
It's the "baraccopoli di San Fernando" in Rossano, migrants from Africa who work under caporalato live there (still not a fair representation of Southern Italy, I agree)
@@daviderenda9211 Rosarno, not Rossano
Esiste esiste quella baraccopoli. Dobbiamo fare i conti anche con queste realtà, spendiamo 13 mld per un ponte ma facciamo finta di nulla quando vediamo queste cose e permettiamo che possano esistere in un paese più o meno civile.
Not sure I understand the concerns for the birds. Can’t they just fly above or below it?
give us another billion and a decade to study it
Yea, I thought that was pretty dumb too. Birds are usually pretty good at avoiding solid objects, it's not made of glass which might confuse them.
Birds are very stupid, that's why.
People against the bridge is searching for every little stupid thing. Let them talk…
We might try grounding all birds during fog and bad weather, but birds tend to disobey flight restrictions
The shot at 0:15 is from Sicily? Sure it does not look like it: the landscape is definetely not sicilian
0:14-0:18 What kind of place is that??? Is that supposed to be a Sicilian town? I'm Sicilian and I've NEVER seen anything like that.. Please be careful next time
è in puglia
It's immigrant slums
ahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahaah
These slums are not frequent, but it might well be in Italy. Some people say it's this one: it.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baraccopoli_di_San_Ferdinando
While wind was the proximate cause of the Tacoma Narrows failure, the direct cause was the resonances within the bridge itself. It's not like the wind knocked it over; it played it like a fiddle. Way different from surviving 170mph winds in the strait.
I'm northen Italian but i'm so exited for this awesome infrastructure. It's a milestone! ⚜️🇮🇹🇪🇺
yeah, wonder why the Roman Empire didn't build the bridge on that strait 2000years ago? ...
@@republicofhandball8815 maybe they did… or maybe not… who knows!
@@republicofhandball8815 Because 2000 years ago the island of Sicily was attached to the mainland. No need for any bridge.
Non sarò mai costruito, lo fanno solo x dare soldi alla mafia
@@republicofhandball8815 purtroppo tu hai appena detto una grande stupidaggine, spero tu te ne sia reso conto
Can someone clarify where did the WSJ took the images with some sort of slums to show case the "economically depressed southern regions" ?
As an Italian, I can tell you it might really be Sicily. Of course it's not a problem which concerns millions of people, such as in thrid world Countries, but there are indeed some informal settlements like that in southern Italy (sometimes even in the rest of Italy). Often they're populated by irregular migrants working informally in agricultural jobs, but sometimes it's actual Italians who are quite poor.
Again, it's not very common... but there are indeed such settlements ... I remember seeing some of them from the train close to Rome when I was a kid for example...
Some people in the comments say it is this slum: it.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baraccopoli_di_San_Ferdinando . Anyway, there are also other similar slums around Italy...
Add the metric measurements so the rest of the world can understand.
❤
There isn’t any place in Italy like the first images of this video. Where did you went?
It looks like some refugees camp in Calabria
African migrant farm labor camp? Come to Europe and live the good life...
Sono americani, avranno ripreso qualche villaggio in Messico
@@zapfanzapfan they are not forced to work in farm for that salary. They cannot work legally in Italy cause of their alien status so that's their only option to help their family
Il ghetto di Foggia per esempio
This is a really cool project. I hope it goes off successfully, as it would be a marvel to behold.
1:30 - the Tacoma bridge had a faulty design.
At 2:25, you said that the 2.2 mile bridge would take ten minutes to cross by car; that's 12 miles per hour. Math matters, WSJ.
its italy.. you have to wait for the donkey carts
Pretty sure they meant the entire bridge.
@@brianxyz They showed the entire stretch of bridge as 2.2 miles, it should take 2-3 mins to cross.
It will be an highway so the speed limit will be around 130 km/h
2.2 miles is the length of the mid span, not the length of the bridge.
I'm sorry but this is a mediocre storyline with nice graphics:
1. As other pointed out, the first images do not appear to be in Italy.
2. The Tacoma bridge did not collapse due to strong winds (only 64km/h), but because of resonance.
3. You cannot simply state that birds are affected by a bridge without supporting evidence. How would birds be affected by static objects such as bridges? Which experts state this?
4. I would have liked an explanation into how this bridge would improve the economic situation of southern Italy, as I would not expect this to be a golden solution.
That bridge is so much a legend in italy already. Its tale is being passed down to nephews and grandchildren already. I wonder if they will ever do it
Great infrastructure!
End of isolation, the continent is no longer isolated from Sicily, millions of Europeans can travel comfortably without being fooled by airline prices.
From every part of the Eurasian continent to the island of Sicily, perhaps by train.
The cost to go over ( supposed bridge ) is not for free!
@@gilba56it's going to be cheaper than a ferry
@@maverickvgc4220 That's right, we already have the second biggest debt in the world as a nation!
the initial footage of a sicilian town is not in sicily, that look very much different at any point, pls remove it
Stellan Skarsgard is really versitile!
but what are those shacks at the beginning of the video?? certainly not Italy
In engineering, I thought you design structures mathematically, then add a safety buffer of typically a multiple of two. If this bridge is designed to withstand an earthquake of 7.5 magnitude and winds of 186 mph, that’s just marginally above the 7.3 earthquake in 1908 and the winds that "can reach up to 175 mph". Isn't that a little...tight?
The magnitude scale for earthquakes isn't linear, it's logarithmic. According to earthquake.usgs.gov/education/calculator.php, a magnitude 7.5 earthquake is 1.56 times larger than a magnitude 7.3 earthquake, and is 1.99 times stronger.
Its still a 1.6 times safety buffer so not the worst
It Will not be build, It Will only finance mafia, they Will make the project start and then stop giving the Money to the mafia's industries ( are decades that they're doing This with This project )
@@ekamjeet
Yes but the winds may get stronger.
Fault lines, as we understand them, tend to have an upper limit on how strong the earthquakes they can create can be, I don't know what the limit for this one is, obviously would be worth taking into consideration.
A 7.5 earthquake is 2x the strength of a 7.3, the Richter scale is logarithmic.
Honestly, as a lot of people already point out, the misleading explanation of the Tacoma Narrows failure is quite embarrassing and so easily avoidable with some proper research that it makes you question the rest of the work at WSJ!
Im sorry. I keep pausing the video because it is using english units and I kept converting it to SI units.
😂😂same
Best wishes 🎉❤
The problem is not the feasibility or safety of the project, it's the mafia infiltration. Even though, as a Sicilian, i am very much in favor of the bridge being built, i also recognize that building a project of this magnitude without expecting serious mafia infiltration from the two biggest mafia syndicates in Italy (Cosa Nostra and 'Ndrangheta) is folly. It's guaranteed that they'll dip their grubby hands in it to profit off of it. One thing the government could do is actually use the project as a trap, a way to make the mafia leave the shadows and expose themselves, in order to bring them to justice. Sadly, though, this government is very much in cahoots with the mafia and they'll do little to avoid this being a problem.
I agree with you about the analysis on the mafia. But I would like to add that in Sicily they are way more urgent issues where these money could be spent.
So what? We should stop doing anything in southern Italy because of the Mafia?
Also this project is a massive International cooperation between companies from Italy, Spain, Denmark and Japan, good luck sneaking behind all of them.
And this is without addressing the fact that the Mafia's modus operandi for infiltrations always favours low specialization jobs like trash disposal and really basic constructions, not massive constructions that only a few companies worldwide can build.
@@giandomenicomartorelli8069su scala nazione la spesa è giusta, oltre I 12 miliardi per il ponte e le opere accessorie ci sono 36 miliardi stanziati tra Salerno e Palermo per migliorare le infrastrutture nazionali.
La situazione delle strade e ferrovie regionali e provinciali in Sicilia è un problema della regione e delle province, non è competenza delle stato occuparsene. Lì bisognerebbe smettere di eleggere degli idioti pensando che le regionali siano inutili.
Resonance , not high winds , caused the Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapse.
That video is in every first year engineering course curriculum .
As for the proposed bridge itself, maybe it’s feasible but maybe a question is should it be built?
You can build and operate a lot of super sized ferries for 12 Billion USD.
Maybe bean counter number crunchers can tell us the payback period with building a 3km bridge.
It would depend partly on bridge tolls versus ferry fares .
Also bridges don’t go on strike.
So lots to consider.
The main problem with ferries is that the embarking process and disembarkment takes more than the actual length of the crossing. And for cars there is only one ferry company serving the strait, not sure why though, but it does limit the amount of traffic going through. With the bridge you could cross in 5-10 minutes instead of an hour, also the train connections are vital in my opinion so that cargo transportation becomes much faster (at least I hope it does).
What is the much bigger problem is the infrastructure that is supposed to connect to it, which is terrible and not well maintained. The government says the building of the bridge will favour the modernization of such infrastructure but I am skeptical.
Humber Bridge: “oh please hold my pint” 😂
I saw the current record holder in Turkey. It is massive
The same experts probably also said that wind turbines will kill birds, which didn’t happen either.
Seems such a sound idea instead of just building a tunnel like the channel tunnel by sinking tube in the water which would be flexible in case of earthquake and not prone to winds.
The Tacoma bridge did not fall due to high winds, please update your facts. Even though there were strong winds at the time, the bridge was more than capable of withholding them. It fell due to the consistency of the winds over prolonged periods of time which promoted resonance in the bridge's deck.
Sounds like it fell due to winds..
Was going to make the same comment. Winds that day on the bridge were around 45 mph, but the bridge had been design to withstand much higher wind loads. As you said, it wasn't "high winds" that caused the failure but the resonance and amplifying effect of the eddies created by the aerodynamic profile of the bridge. Not the same issue implied by the video.
strong high winds.. there fixed it.. obviously it wasnt capable of resisting strong nor high winds..it FELL
The chief problem was the rigid box-walls design, which "caught" the wind and amplified aeroelastic flutter. If winds had remained low, it would have stood for years. Put simply, it fell because of wind.
So it fell due to high winds, got it.
Le immagini all'inizio le avete prese in India? 😂
In Italia non esistono posti come quello.
Purtroppo si, tipo il ghetto di foggia
@@albertoschiavo6428 ok, ho guardato, ma non sono italiani, sono immigrati africani. Nel senso, non rappresenta gli italiani come lascia intendere il servizio. Situazioni di quel tipo purtroppo esistono anche negli Stati Uniti.
@@spidertube79si esistono dappertutto
@@spidertube79 esistono esistono e con gli italiani dentro
I crossed the Strait of Messina on the ferry a month ago and the wind was really wild. I'm certain that I would not want to cross it in a car on a bridge high above sea level, even if the road surface is absolutely solid. Something about getting blown away. Maybe those lanes need to have a high wall on either side, while still maintaining the aerodynamic shape?
In NYC, when the winds are very high, the prohibit trucks and motorcycles. There's never been a wind high enough to shut it down for cars. I'm sure tha in this bridge, the would just close it for the duration of the storm.
Did not address
Why no tunnel
Tunneling was an option, but it was discarded due to ground instability caused by the movement of the canal fault.
Because the straight is short and deep, you'd need a lot of "ramp" tunnel to get down enough.
I’m not even Italian but I so want this bridge to be built.
2030s? With work starting in 2024? I really hope this bridge gets built! It would definitely be on my bucket list to go over it when it opens! :)
Pie in the sky
When in Italy they tell a date for an infrastructure, usually you should add 5-10 years. In this case, it will never be finished...
The way to end inflation is to end the counterfeiting. Money creation without product creation is inflation. Make investments to survive.
Meanwhile London doesn't want to make something this in the Eastern part of the city due to air pollution and noise pollution. Mankind is it's own worst enemy.
So, experts think the birds can't see... Ok, cool, cool.
It's not a problem of sight, it's a problem of magnetic field. Birds have an additional sense for magnetic fields that they use to orient themselves during long migration routes. The construction of the two structures (400m tall) will interfere with that, possibly making them derail from their known north-south flight route and direct them to places they can't survive or reproduce
@@xyris1208 thanks for explaining
Great content
Where was this guy in my highschool 😢😭🤓
It is not "Kanakale bridge" by the way. It is pronounced as «Chanak kaleh"...
Your narrator is very dramatic, yet difficult to understand. The background music has performed magic by moving forward.
How would vehicles even be able to cross with such strong winds
They wouldn't, but most bridges close when there are high winds.
John 15:12-13 My command is this: Love each other as I have loved you
Costruire un ponte su una faglia è una pazzia!
2.2 miles long and takes 10 minutes to cross.. so is the speed limit 13 mph?
What about vehicles being blown off the bridge?
Engineer prevent vehicle being flow off.
I bet google has better answer
How is it proposed to actually construct the bridge? How will it be lifted into place? Skyhooks?
Nobody knows... they initiate the works, and will decide later if it's really feaseble.
The plan is to build up the towers, pull the wires, and then lift the bridge section from barges, the info is on the project's website.
Someone tell the WSJ that birds can see.
I didn't know Italian have larger slum
I honestly do not understand why Americans use feet and miles on the same topic.
choose one.
International system of measurement is easier to understand.
I have to constantly convert from feet to metres.
then miles to metres.
even Americans need to convert from feet to miles all the time. Just simplify this please.
Also, 10 minutes to cross the bridge at what speed?
Then when you explain about the decks you use metres.
Winds are in miles per hour.
So confusing.
You can just put notes on the video everytime a conversion is needed, it will be easier for all audiences.
Simplify the explanation please.
Not using metric system in 2024 jeez
When it comes to bridges and infrastructure in general, no one does it better than China.
12bn and 10 years are just a wild fantasy. Both are going to be n times more
The longest suspension bridge before 2022, the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge in Kobe Japan, actually has to close to motorcycles during periods of high winds. I wonder if motorcycle traffic will be allowed on this bridge.
Two wheeled vehicles, as I understand it, are common in Italy.
@@kjj26kthats true, because that is the easiest solution for go across the narrow streets of the traditional Italian cities
It wouldn't be Italy without the Mob getting involved. 🇮🇹
Thanks, I got it. ✅
2:14 this is not true. Because the antenna on the empire state building was not an original part of the structure it is not counted in its total height. So the “top” of the building is stated as being 1250 feet. In your diagram you showed that this bridge at 1310 feet would be 60 ft taller than the entire esb antenna included. In reality if you include the antenna as you did in the diagram, the empire state building 1472 feet and taller than the bridge tower.
Southern Italy is not economically depressed because we don't have a bridge. the reasons are other lack of curiosity and culture, little desire to do international economics, tax evasion, cronyism, criminal protectionism, desire to earn everything immediately and illegally. The bridge is just an excuse to get your hands dirty with some emblezement.
not to mention home of the largest mafia in the world
FALSE! Southern Italy is economically depressed because italian national governments in 160 years have only looked the North and the Center of the Country. This is shameful!
Reason is mafia
You only lack a reference to DNA and genetics and could qualify as a eugenetic pseudo intellectual from the 1920s. I swear each time yall speak about the South, the worst sociological analysis get pulled out.
@@massimopuleo5705 FALSE! Southern Italy always received money while the north gave money. The problems of Southern Italy are corruption, mafia, tax evasion, no jobs and no opportunities for young people.
Did you have to hire a vocal-fryer to narrate this video? Now I can't watch it. Oh wait! I'll mute it and turn on CC.
it will always be a suspended bridge for the next 50 years..its a risk nobody wants ..not worth the price..
A new high speed railway between Salerno and reggio Calabria will be built 2024 2030, av ac railway between Palermo messina Catania for 2028, Naples Bari 2027, New highway (statale 106) in calabria,
a dream list
Yes, and the super new Salerno-Los Angeles in 2050 😂
@@giandomenicomartorelli8069 I've heard American tourists describing the coastal highway around Taormina as the Italian equivalent of the Big Sur.
@@wyqtor yeah it's a good comparison.
Ten years to build it🐌
6 years
A road deck isn’t balsa wood… it’s concrete
Steel!
well, the distance on water between borgo del ringo to villa san Giovanni is approximently 9 kms... the length of the English Channel under sea s about 39 kms.. why invest on a bridge, when u can build an under sea tunnel... will save lot of money, n be safer and quicker.. I am sure u can pay me a million pounds just for the idea...
The english channel being longer means that you have the space you need to go down and come back up at with decent incline.
Here you'd have to build multiple kilometers of useless tunnel just to get below the sea bed and that would be really pricey.
We all know Italians can design, they are the best in the world. However, can they build reliably like the Germans? Anybody remember the last Italian bridge in Genoa?…..poor design and poor maintenance, or how about the cable car in Piedmont? Finally, why? Why build it? Ferry service is reliable and cheap. Just buy 20 more new and modern ferries and the capacity will meet demand. This looks like Vanity, not sensibility.
Sicily needs to be linked to the continent, and not with ferries that with high waves don't even depart.
The bridge will be an incentive for national and international investments, both regarding tourism and trade (EU is the first to want siciliy as a trade hub of the Mediterranean, due to its centrality).
Its construction will mean that consequently sicily will receive high speed trains, like those that link Rome to Milan in 3hs, and will be able to cheaply trade and export to the rest of continental Europe.
Just for turism, imagine those millions pale Germans, that really love travel by train, that every year come in Southern Italy to get the sun they don't get the rest of the year.
It will be an economic boom for southern Italy. The other option is to leave them in a dying island. And nobody wants it.
It should be rail bridge only.
in my opinion there should be a floating tunnel instead! That's much safer and cheaper option!
We want explain about world's longest suspend Bridge
did you just mention Mafia? Just saw the movie "The Equalizer 3" about a small town in Sicily.. i dont know how true it is regarding these constructions and kickback..... is Sicily really this corrupt like what Hollywood said?
😅I watched it an hour ago
No. Hollywood spread fake news in every films
The mafia in Italy is hidden corrupted, not highlighted as in the film
Not that much
I saw a movie last night, do you really have aliens in usa? And asteroids? And terminator?
It became known which cities of the United States and the United Kingdom were not targeted by Russian missiles. In the UK, Edinburgh is such a city. Russia is confident that after a thermonuclear strike on the NATO bloc, civilization can still be revived in the British Isles. But she must become more peaceful. As for the United States, it is, as in the days of the Soviet Union, the ark on Lake Michigan, namely the city of Chicago and its agglomeration. Russia is confident that this ark will be a new beginning for the American-Canadian civilization. Which will be able to abandon the craving for world hegemony
who asked?
Russia believed they could defeat Ukraine in 3 days...
After 2 years they are still at the border 😂😂
Namaste ma'am good evening 🌆 watching from India 🎉🎉
The Mackinaw Bridge in Michigan is 5 miles long....this bridge in Italy is half the length....
The Messina strait bridge will be a single span bridge, while the mackinaw bridge is several spans.
The Mackinaw longest span is 1100 meters long, while messina bridge if built will be 3 times that, 3300 meters.
Why not a tunnel?
The strait is too deep.
Because the strait is a strong seismic zone , impossible to build a tunnel over there.
Because the strict is a strong sysmic zone, impossible to build a tunnel over there.
It's not gonna happen.
so sicily is actually part of africa?
Il ponte è una follia e inutile
why not a underwater multilevel tunnel?
It would be too steep and long
pm meloni don`t like ilegal immigrations from africa, soo world longest suspension bridges will never built in messina strait ever
A suspension bridge connecting both Africa and Europe is a dream for every Africans
😂😂
I hereby call this bridge, from now on, the Spaghetti Bridge.
As an Italian, it is far too vulnerable and expensive IMO. It could turn out to be a very good way to flush tons of money
Vulnerabile a cosa? Se arriva un terremoto che lo tira giù il ponte è l'ultimo dei tuoi problemi, di Messina e Reggio Calabria resterebbero solo dei cumuli di macerie.
The narrator is super annoying. She’s emphasizing some words in the most cringe way. And don’t forget the vocal fry. 🙄
Suspension bridge is the most idealistic construction on Earth, the longer it is, the fragile it is. It's much cheaper then any other type of bridges. If I were them, I would rather make this link an underwater tunnel.
impossible, the strait is insanely deep, and with massive faults running through, you would literally have a tunnel going through areas that would displace the ground meters if an earthquake were to happen, destroying the tunnel
@@ethannkyle You are right, even the underwater tunnel is not-feasible. We should realize that, for now, the technology to connect those lands doesn't exist.
Cathedral in the desert.
No, they're spending 18 billions on each side of the bridge to connect it.
I can't believe there was no bridge there.
why should be?
@@GiambattistaRossi I think you can answer that question yourself.
@@danieldanieldadada i ask you.... you are the superior .... so give us the light
The Mackinaw Bridge is five miles long
The Mighty Mac suspension bridge has a maximum span of only 3,800 feet. The current record is Turkey's Canakkale Bridge 6,637 feet. Currently under construction in China are three suspension bridges that will have spans exceeding 7,000 feet. One will be a double deck with 16 lanes total! The Strait of Messina Bridge will be 10,827 feet.
170 MPH? Sorry, I can't believe that.
Rescue some of the poor construction workers in Dubai and give them one more $1 an hour and you could cut 1 billion of the 12. And get the best workers
While working a robotic machine in San Jose I had a co-worker from Thailand doing the same thing next to me but I wasn't allowed to share info. Nicest guy in the world and I taught him how to say f*up f*up all the time. It was so funny but now I feel ashamed. This bridge can be called the Mussolini bridge or the f*up f*up bridge if it ends up costing 100 billion. Aa bad as the new high-speed 150 billion dollar homeless train between San Francisco and La
Dubai pay way better than most countries. But they will get rid of you as soon as you are useless.
rescue the palys and have them dig a tunnel
Why not a tunnel if wind is the main concern?
The depth of the strait would require the tunnel to start well inland at each end as to prevent a grade train cannot handle.
A tunnel in a seismic area sounds not recommendable
But... why can't they build a tunnel instead? ~ 2.5 KM long tunnel may not cost much.
It does depend how deep the water gets in that channel.
Because of earthquakes. Tunnel are more dangerous
everything has been explored and the bridge came out to be the cheapest and easiest to build. Tunnel doesn't work because of soil type and because if the fault line
Tunnel would need to be far longer than 2.5 KM due to the depth of the strait. It would need to start well inland at both ends as to allow a gentile enough grade for trucks and moreso for the trains.
What about sea level rise
Not a problem, the bridge is 10 meters taller than Sea laws minimum
why not underwater tunnel? perhaps, more expensive but safer. a tunnel over a fault line? we have a suspension bridge crosses over a very dangerous fault line (North Anatolian Fault) and an underwater tunnel next to the same fault line (Marmaray tunnel)
说到桥。。我毫无兴趣。。中国太多了。就像街上的汽车一样常见。中国的桥。。也许比全世界的桥加起来还多。
TLDW: mafia is protecting endangered bird species
ahahaha we live in sicily,, home of the biggest baddest mafia in the world.. weve heard it a 100 times before...ahahahahaha..
theyve spent a 100 billion trying to study and build this little bridge
To this day there are over 200 unanswered major technical concerns, no wind tunnel test has been performed, the bridge will be too low for the ships that are currently passing the Messina strait and so on. Also no rigorous tests of the ground has been done. AND the first stone of this madnesd has already been posed. In 2009, by Silvio Berlusconi (a mafia financer), before the project was cancelled for it's unfeasibilty. This is just round 2 of the clown show, and it will end in the same way: massive private profits and no bridge.