The Scientific Methods: Crash Course History of Science #14
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- čas přidán 31. 05. 2024
- Historically speaking, there is no one scientific method. There’s more than one way to make knowledge. In this episode we're going to look at a few of those ways and how they became more of the "norm."
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1:21 Galileo
6:00 Bacon
9:05 Descartes
The first principle of science is that you must not fool yourself, and you are the easiest person to fool.
- Feynman
who's all here cuase of your teacher gave you a link to here for class
Ibn al haytham about 600 years earlier should be credited with the scientific method.
Forgot to mention that Galileo gave Pope Urban's views on heliocentrism in the Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems to a character called "Simplicio", which had the Italian connotation of "simpleton". So he was kind of asking for harsh treatment there. He was still a pretty good scientist, but he really liked to start fights.
Jaime Nyx actually that's not true and you trying to shift the blame to defend an institution where they tortured and killed and censored people for thinking and advocating heretical ideas shows how idiotic you are
Mario mario You're idiotic for denying historical facts and accepting long debunked misconceptions at face value.
Galileo wasn't some enlightened superhuman wrongfully persecuted by a moustache-twirling organisation of evil, he was a petty man that picked up fights with his own patrons.
Also the objections to Galileo's hypotheses weren't religious, they were scientific. The consensus of his time still prefered a geocentric model of the universe, because the proofs of heliocentrism were still sparse. It took the science few more decades and works of Newton to shift to a new paradigm. Most of the astronomers of the early 17th century were still devoted geocentrists. Stating that it was a bad or backwards thing that Galileo's ideas were scrutinised by his peers is a prime example of a hindsight bias.
Stop spreading lies. Galileo's trial had less to do with religion and more with science. The old myth that church was anti science and that Galileo was some hero of rationalism is debunked long ago. One of Galileos closest disciples was even a monk named Benedetto Castelli. The Catholic Church provided more support for scientific research then any other institution and their universities are among the finest till this day. Stop spreading anti Catholic bigotry and learn actual history for once you deluded moron.
Mario mario I'm not saying the church didn't do some effed-up stuff around this time (though as others in this thread have pointed out, it wasn't as simple as "religion vs science", and I'll add that witch trials heavily influenced the development of the scientific method), but I didn't lie about the Simplicio thing. Galileo was a complex figure, not merely a "hero of science". He would be the modern equivalent of a radical string theorist trying to start rap battles with Neil deGrasse Tyson and Pope Francis.
It doesn't matter if other scientifically minded people thought his ideas were wrong. You don't lock someone up for having a different theory of stellar motion. If you do that, regardless of your supposed reasoning, you are a harmful organization. Unless you are disputing the fact that he was put on trial and put under house arrest, there isn't any ground to stand on that the church was definitely in the wrong.
I usually stick to History and Literature crashcourse, but I just happened to click on this in my subscription box and loved it. Entertaining and informative. Thank you!
Alhazen Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham
Known for Book of Optics, Doubts Concerning Ptolemy, Alhazen's problem, Analysis, Catoptrics, Horopter, Moon illusion, experimental science, scientific methodology, visual perception, empirical theory of perception, Animal psychology
Scientific career
High school freshmen where are y’all
Galileo's time as a shipwright is well worth mentioning, his time looking at mathematics of rowing and quinqueremes is one of the most important and understated parts of his life, the group of shipwrights at the Arsenal while he was there are easily worthwhile mentioning as their own school of thinking making significant changes to their fields.
It's really hard to present topics like this in an interesting way. Amazing approach. Thanks!
Galileo: "Objection!"
I am finishing up my Astronomy class this week, but nobody has mentioned this story about Galileo writing the beautiful and profound statement to the Duchess. I am going to post this on my wall! Thank you for sharing!! And now we know it’s not actually Turtles All The Way Down (couldn’t help it, sorry! Great book, btw!)
Ibn Al-Haytham is the one who first laid down the scientific methods.
I saw this in my feed today, I never even knew you guys were doing this crash course science history. I will be watching the others 😊
You Green brothers are frickin’ awesome!
love the monty python reference... personally i feel that was one of michael palan's best two skits 👍
I always liked Bacon's brilliantly terse quote, "Nature to be commanded, must be obeyed." If you want to get things done then you have to play by Nature's rules.
This was an interesting video. I'm inspired to learn more science and math thanks to your channel
Nobody expects the Spanish inquisition!
HawkingN pretty sure thats a reference bu I forgot from what
My favorite part of the whole episode haha
Actually the Spanish Inquisition would send a 30 day notice before their arrival. It’s true.
Sorry for being a party pooper; nobody expects that.
@@Bastogne1944 ...I doubt literacy was very high then so they really sent what amounts to be "some weird marks on paper, pffft whatever" :P
I heard this on other channels as well. Somebody explain to me please!
LOVING Hank’s giggles.
Regarding Galileo's telescope: There are many great science CZcams shows dealing with the people of science and the ideas of science, but I haven't been able to find any good science CZcams shows looking at the tools of science. A scientist's tools are their eyes and ears to a world they usually can't perceive. Yet, little mention is made of these fantastic contraptions.
Galileo? You can't mention Galileo without also talking about Figaro. AND while you're at it can scientists tell us if Scaramouche could do the fandango. What's the point of science if it can't answer that question?
Let him go!
Sarcasticron they will not let him go...
Let him goooo!
No no no no no no NO!
Mamma mia!
This was so interesting! While I am very familiar with the Scientific Method, I never knew about the history surrounding it and how it came to be.
Damn this is growing to be my favorite CC series, thanks team!
This episode should be mandatory watching for every human.
We are the scientific method our chief weapon is suprise. Suprise and fear, our two weapons!
dang beat me to it.
No one excpets the science inquisition
and an
almost fanatical devotion to Newton
Amongst our weapons ...
Andy Hartley- Amongst! Amongst our weaponry are such diverse elements as blah blah blah...
God, we're such Nerds. oops heresy. Newton, we're such nerds.
I wish we could create a class for our youth, maybe as early as 4th grade, called Epistemology, and apart from Science class. This would change our future to have everyone more critical thinkers and able to take a look at ourselves as humans and how we are affecting the planet. If only I had this when I was young, I wouldn't have struggled so much to figure things out.
you are amazing as usual! Thank you!
I am so glad to see your back!!!
I love those bookends. They would make a great model to add to The Dark Mod game. Perfect fit for the games universe.
Loved the Monty Python pun.
Galileo was a poorly paid professor... Some things never change.
Well, in the US, they deserve less than they get, certainly, which is 0. 99% of your professor suck, seriously.
@@arthurobrien7424 If only 0.99% sucked, that would be awesome
@@arthurobrien7424 wow, if you think professors suck then why are you going to college. Why don't you become a mechanic. I mean that basically tells me that you don't value higher education and rather be a simple person.
Thanks for the great and fun explanation!
The S. F. Is our finest accomplishment. A protocol to carry out all sorts of experiments
I'm familiar with Bacon only second hand. Blake commented on him in the margins of Bacon's work. Bacon seems to have been a proto socialist who believed in wage and price controls which Blake believed would not work. Perhaps I should be fair and examine Bacon at first hand, but my sympathy is with the poet and all those whom Plato would reject. (I believe Plato was joking.)
really interesting! thank u
Nobody expects Ace Attorney references!
I can't believe it took us this long to build up to René Descartes! I guess they didn't want to put Descartes before de course.
"Philosophy is written in this grand book, which stands continually open before our eyes (I say the 'Universe'), but can not be understood without first learning to comprehend the language and know the characters as it is written. It is written in mathematical language, and its characters are triangles, circles and other geometric figures, without which it is impossible to humanly understand a word; without these one is wandering in a dark labyrinth." (Galileo Galilei)
Crash course Linguistics, Geography, Mathematics,and Anthropology in the future please
2/4 :)
A 1990:1 like:dislike ratio is by far the best ratio I've seen on any video so far. Congratulations :) And sorry for that one person who tapped the wrong choice
Thx I learnt a lot
Very interesting. Thanks
I'm just realizing that most complicated project management methods like Lean Six Sigma (A certification that costs like $400 to get) is basically just the scientific method wearing a hat
This is so soothing
Amazing episode, as always! One thing : I thought the presentation of Descartes as a reductionist was a bit misleading. He supported dualism (existence of material and immaterial things) and his whole system rests on the existence of an omnipotent, omniscient and benevolent God. I know the bit referred to his view on mathematics, but I'd like to see a quote on that.
monty python
Our chief weapon is surprise!... Surprise and fear... fear and surprise... Our two weapons are fear and surprise... and ruthless efficiency! Our three weapons are fear, and surprise, and ruthless efficiency... and an almost fanatical devotion to the Pope... Our four... no... Amongst our weapons... Hmf... Amongst our weaponry... are such elements as fear, surpr... I'll come in again.
I am a high school science teacher and would love to use this video in my class. However, one of my students is blind and it would be incredibly helpful if I could Braille the script for this episode to help her understanding. Is there any way I can get a transcript?
Hi, click on the ... button below the video and click on the appropriate item in the list (something like "Add a translation"), this will open a new page. There, click on the "Subtitles" tab. Then, click on the "Actions" menu. Click on the "Download" item in the list.
*You need to pay your salary for that lesson to this channel.*
I literally lol'ed. I should send you patreon money for that.
This is a good video but I think the way CrashCourse presents Galileo's trial might be a little misleading as it seems to imply that opposition to the Copernican model was solely based on religious bias. But the majority of the scientific community was not yet convinced of the validity of the Copernican model, either! If the Copernican model were correct, it was argued, there would be evidence of a stellar parallax as seen from Earth. There was no evidence at that time that such a thing existed, though, making Galileo's model problematic.
Agreed. Also there were notions of the lack of reliability of instruments like telescopes which might skew the senses and the continued support of authoritative texts like Aristotle and others with their methods of logical deduction, questioning whether induction was a reliable method of obtaining knowledge.
elfarlaur ok
Htoo Doh
Did you get that? 'cause I didn't.
AngelHQ Somewhat.
Also both the Ptolemaic and Copernican models used epicycles, and because Copernicus's epicycles were not as fine tuned as Ptolemy's, his model actually made _worse_ predictions of the locations of the heavenly bodies.
I love the decreasing amount of beard: Galileo > Bacon > Descartes
When in doubt... Go flat out!!!
For me, the best part of this episode was the Ace Attorney parody. :))
Can you please make a book series with all the subjects with the examples from the episodes
Finesse is a form of control too, and finesse is archetypally female. Even more understanding and intuition are necessary for finesse.
Thank you
Aesthetic note, Hank clean your glasses before going one camera. I want to take them off and clean them with my microfiber cloth while listening to a really awesome topic
I like .Perfect video.
This guy again!!!
I feel like this video should definitely have talked about Popper and maybe even Bayes
11:49 typo. The word "ask" is missing in the test under Descartes.
Gregory had reformed the calendar decades before Galileo using Copernicus' data so the Church was not opposed to Coprenican theory per se just at a non theologian/Non clergyman commenting on theological matters. Urban was dealing with the Reformation and so had other matters on his plate. Galileo not only ignored his advice but put Urban's words in the mouth of a character named Stupidio.... and when you're head of the Pontifical science council, biting the hand that feeds you is always a bad move.
Will you talk about Karl Popper and his epistemology? :)
Every good history of science course needs to mention the great master Karl Popper.
(Every good epistemology course for that matter)
If I remember correctly, Popper has an episode dedicated to his work in the Crash Course Philosophy series, but an additional episode in this series would be appropriate.
my boi Descartes!
True scientists are keeping sciencing under all conditions=)
Educational!
Hank, nice coat but I think it needs tailoring. Keep up the great work!
Conflict between science and religion (Galileo and the Church), conflict between methods (Galileo's method and Bacon's way). rising beyond conflicts to suggest a new way (Descartes) relayed to us by this fantastic storyteller:the whole journey becomes more pleasurable...THANK YOU!
The scientific methods that were made by Galilei, Bacon, and Descartes are very meritorious. Each of their scientific methods are being used today by many people making our discoveries and life more accurate and correct. From Galileo's focus on being independent, Bacon's experimentation and scientific reasearch, and Descartes' reminder on how sure we are that we know stuff helps us humans on how to do things accurately to have better results. I believe that these methods will live on forever, aside from it's a part of our history, it's actually a good way of knowing things since we humans still lack a lot of knowledge about our universe. Another thing that i would like to point out in the video is about the church. This video showed just how powerful the church officials were before. It was like you would get punished if your ideas will contradict their beliefs which was very scary. That's why i commend Galileo's bravery, despite of the oppression from the church, he still continued "sciencing" to know about stuff. I'm actually thankful that i'm living today's time where there's freedom of expression and opinions and ideas are encouraged.
scientific method according man is a set of basic principles starts to emerge. Scientific methods is a logical problem-solving were Galileo, Bacon, and Descartes done in the past decades wherein fact it is still applying nowadays in many ways.
This is so fascinating that the three of them could make on their story.
Amazingly, that Galileo invented the first telescope in the past decades, thanks to him. Some people nowadays could use that type of instrument by seeing the distant object. Besides, it becomes modern, because of the evolution of the new technologies. Consequently, Galileo is also a faithful man. He made the big contribution in our world. :)
Galileo focus on independent, rational comparison of theories about natural phenomena, Bacon on the other hand focus on experiment and social norms promoting scientific research. Lastly, Decartes focus on reminder to always ask yourself how sure you are or what we cal doubting and from that this three amazing people we get the idea of scientific method. We all know that Scientists search for answers to questions and solutions to problems by using a procedure called the scientific method. This procedure consists of making observations, formulating hypotheses, and designing experiments, which in turn lead to additional observations, hypotheses, and experiments in repeated cycles which Galileo, Bacon and Decartes show in this video.
In studying science, it isn't enough to rely solely with one idea. There are so many ways in order to find and create knowledge. At this chapter, it showcases that different approaches and methods on how to deal with studying science. Galileo Galulei who invented the more advance telescope make his researches and studies more trusted because of using his invention. He is somewhat like independent with his research though he believes with the theory of copernican. He then used rational comparison of theories about natural phenomenon in order to find what a stuff really is like the cosmos. In the other hand, it was Francis Bason who has this kind of unique method of discovering new ideas and knowledge. He raised up a conclusion that in studying things, we shouldn't give too much time on the idea of dead philosophers, instead we should work with our own to find answers. In his method, he uses many experimentations and researches. He make divisions of works, some are positioned in experiments, some were studying books and make collective ideas and some were also put into observing the natural phenomenon and the other will analysed and draw what they have found out. In other words, Bacon method in through experiments and social norms, and at the same way, promoting scientific research. Now, the method of Rene Descartes was something unique and different. He was like Shakespeare whose approach is like writing a story. He wants to replace the idea of many philosophers like Aristotle and he want a new thing to be considered as more truthful. At his case, he is much certain with his idea in which he mostly trust his words. Yet, his method were to ask yourself how sure you are that you the stuff. Excellent idea because how could you be sure if you just rely on others right. Nevertheless, such an extraordinary talent they have. There methods were really a jaw dropping approach.
Galileo Galilie, Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes scientific method are really significant before and especially nowadays. Galileo was the one who invented the first telescope in 1609 and because of that he became famous. It is a good example of how scientific instruments change the nature of scientific practice. In fact, he is also independent and rational comparison of theories about natural phenomena of what a stuff. He is really a faithful man.
Francis Bacon focus on experiments and social norms where it required central planning and state support. Lastly, Rene Descartes is emphasize on the abstract question how we know? and What we know. It means that we need to ask yourself how sure you are that you the stuff. He also based on reductionistically meaning using math in describing a certain phenomena. All in all they are the most significant contributors in science.
hi i'm interested in the topic of enlightenment and much appreciate it if you guys shred your sources ?
The Solomon`s house reminds me of how Disney supposedly divided his workforce: into different floors for different tasks: In one floor the people was supposed to create ideas, in another they critisized the ideas, and in another they were realists. They were supposed to not mingle.
There are awesome to watch super super baked.
Hmmm... I am of the personal belief that one cannot speak of Descartes without antithetically speaking of David Hume...
The last graphic with Galileo, Bacon 🥓, and Descartes may be missing a word. It says "Always yourself" when Hank says "Always ask yourself"
Was Bacon the first to maintain that natural philosophers should help improve the wellbeing of humanity ("raise mankind out of his misery"), or who were the predecessors in this approach that might have influenced him?
8:19 - Is that guy wearing an egg around his neck?
is that bacon around his hat
Indeed, "Nobody expects The Spanish Inquisition", except... that was their local field office, The Italian Inquisition.
Using his telescopes, Galileo spotted them from miles.
Bacon would, in the present climate, be accused of being naive and possibly an extremist, proposing such wild ideas like "The scientific endeavour for new knowledge should not be the realm of a few wealthy people, but should instead be funded by the state, from everybody's contributions, for the good of all".
Great!
My thought through this whole video has been “How do you combine this with your stance on climate change?”
So, Galileo never renounced heliocentrism under pressure? That’s just a myth?
Hank must have the most awkward laugh in existence
4:26 I like the Phoenix Wright reference there.
Where was Ibn Al-Haythem, Rhazes, and Avicenna? They were, hundreds of years in advance of Europeans, working with rules-based scientific experimentation for their work, using hypotheses, experiments, and drawing conclusions based on results.
NO
0:20 the shakey table gives me anxiety
Nullius in Verba
If in doubt, doubt!
Nice post! :)
Since the topic is history, explain who invented the very popular modern description of the scientific method as a series of steps. USA students are taught about steps of observation, hypothesis, experiment etc. In searching books in Engish with Google, I don't find any texts of the 1800's and early 1900's using this description. Was it used before the 1950's?
As far as powerful historical influences go, I think the inventor of the modern approach has more influence on the average student than Galileo does.
"Always yourself." --René Descartes
Good
i dont know youtube at all and never post comments but i must say a video tat is 989 up to 1 down. about a video of a genius who was persecuted by the church. is pretty bloody impressive. good job Internet thank you being awesome and not becoming a flame war.
THOSE PHOENIX WRIGHT REFRENCES THOUGH
Descartes looks a lot like V for Vendetta without the mask
I wonder if Steve Jobs will be remembered as one of the greatest scientist of this generation …..?
You had me at bacon...😋
Descartes @ 9:04
So you’re saying that the pope wanted To “teach the controversy” of geocentrism vs heliocentrism?
why is no one talking about the fantastic phoenix wright reference?
Isn't Galileo the one who faked a bunch of his data though? Like, the objects falling data, since his theories didn't account for factors like air resistance, which heavier objects with the same surface area can better ignore.
Any other science and/or math educators here during the COVID-19 lockdown looking for things for your students to review?