The math behind Attention: Keys, Queries, and Values matrices

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  • čas přidán 4. 06. 2024
  • This is the second of a series of 3 videos where we demystify Transformer models and explain them with visuals and friendly examples.
    Video 1: The attention mechanism in high level • The Attention Mechanis...
    Video 2: The attention mechanism with math (this one)
    Video 3: Transformer models • What are Transformer M...
    If you like this material, check out LLM University from Cohere!
    llm.university
    00:00 Introduction
    01:18 Recap: Embeddings and Context
    04:46 Similarity
    11:09 Attention
    20:46 The Keys and Queries Matrices
    25:02 The Values Matrix
    28:41 Self and Multi-head attention
    33:54: Conclusion
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Komentáře • 292

  • @SerranoAcademy
    @SerranoAcademy  Před 9 měsíci +49

    Hello all! In the video I made a comment about how the Key and Query matrices capture low and high level properties of the text. After reading some of your comments, I've realized that this is not true (or at least there's no clear reason for it to be true), and probably something I misunderstood while reading in different places in the literature and threads.
    Apologies for the error, and thank you to all who pointed it out! I've removed that part of the video.

    • @tantzer6113
      @tantzer6113 Před 8 měsíci +1

      No worries. It might help to pin this comment to the top. Thanks a lot for the video.

    • @chrisw4562
      @chrisw4562 Před 3 měsíci

      Thanks for note. That comment actually sounds very reasonable to me. If I understand this right, keys and querys help to determine the context.

  • @JTedam
    @JTedam Před 5 měsíci +52

    I have watched more than 10 videos trying to wrap my head around the paper, attention is all you need. This video is by far the best video. I have been trying to assess why it is so effective at explaining such a complex concept and why the concept is hard to understand in the first place. Serrano explains the concepts, step by step, without making any assumptions. It helps a great deal. He also used diagrams, showing animations along the way as he explains. As for the architecture, there are so many layers condense in to the architecture. It has obviously evolved over the years with multiple concepts interlaced into the attention mechanism. so it is important to break it down into the various architectures and take each one at a time - positional encoding, tokenization, embedding, feed forward, normalization, neural networks, the math behind it, vectors, query-key -values. etc. Each of these are architectures that need explaining, or perhaps a video of their own, before putting them together. I am not quite there yet but this has improved my understanding a great deal. Serrano, keep up your approach. I would like to see you cover other areas such as Transformer with human feedback, the new Qstar architecture etc. You break it down so well.

    • @SerranoAcademy
      @SerranoAcademy  Před 5 měsíci +3

      Thank you for such a thorough analysis! I do enjoy making the videos a lot, so I'm glad you find them useful.
      And thank you for the suggestions! Definitely RLHF and QStar are topics I'm interested in, so hopefully soon there'll be videos of those!

    • @blahblahsaurus2458
      @blahblahsaurus2458 Před 2 měsíci +1

      Did you also try reading the original Attention is All you Need paper, and if so, what was your experience? Was there too much jargon and math to understand?

    • @visahonkanen7291
      @visahonkanen7291 Před měsícem

      Agree, an excellelt öööököööööööövnp

    • @JTedam
      @JTedam Před měsícem +2

      @@blahblahsaurus2458 too much jargon obviously intended for those already Familiar with the concepts. The diagram appears upside down and not intuitive at all. Nobody has attempted to redraw the architecture diagram in the paper. It follows no particular convention at all.

  • @fcx1439
    @fcx1439 Před 4 měsíci +21

    this is definitely the best explained video for attention model, the original paper sucks because there is not intuition at all, just simple words and crazy math equations that I don't know what it's doing

  • @Rish__01
    @Rish__01 Před 9 měsíci +101

    This might be the best video on attention mechanisms on youtube right now. I really liked the fact that you explained matrix multplications with linear transformations. It brings a whole new level of understanding with respect to embedding space. Thanks a lot!!

    • @SerranoAcademy
      @SerranoAcademy  Před 9 měsíci +7

      Thank you so much! I enjoy seeing things pictorially, especially matrices, and I'm glad that you do too!

    • @maethu
      @maethu Před 5 měsíci +1

      This is really great, thanks a lot!

    • @JosueHuaman-oz4fk
      @JosueHuaman-oz4fk Před 2 měsíci

      That is what many disseminators lack: explaining things with the mathematical foundations. I understand that it is difficult to do so. However, you did it, and in an amazing way. The way you explained the linear transformation was epic. Thank you.

  • @user-tl3ix3xf3j
    @user-tl3ix3xf3j Před 8 měsíci +21

    This is unequivocally the best introduction to Transformers and Attention Mechanisms on the entire internet. Luis Serrano has guided me all the way from Machine Learning to Deep Learning and onto Large Language Models, maximizing the entropy of my AI thinking, allowing for limitless possibilities.

    • @JonMasters
      @JonMasters Před 2 měsíci +1

      💯 agree. Everything else is utter BS by comparison. I’ve never tipped someone $10 for a video before this one ❤

  • @computersciencelearningina7382
    @computersciencelearningina7382 Před 3 měsíci +5

    This is the best description of Keys, Query, and Values I have ever seen across the internet. Thank you.

  • @rohitchan007
    @rohitchan007 Před 7 měsíci +5

    Please continue making videos. You're the best teacher on this planet.

  • @WhatsAI
    @WhatsAI Před 9 měsíci +8

    The best explanation I've seen so far! Really cool to see how much closer the field is getting to understanding those models instead of being so abstract thanks to people like you, Luis! :)

  • @23232323rdurian
    @23232323rdurian Před 9 měsíci +9

    you explain very well Luis. Thank you. It's HARD to explain complicated topics in a way people can easily understand. You do it very well.

  • @__redacted__
    @__redacted__ Před 6 měsíci +4

    I really like how you're using these concrete examples and combining them with visuals. These really help build an intuition on what's actually happening. It's definitely a lot easier for people to consume than struggling with reading academic papers, constantly looking things up, and feeling frustrated and unsure.
    Please keep creating content like this!

  • @ganapathysubramaniam
    @ganapathysubramaniam Před 6 měsíci +1

    Absolutely the best set of videos explaining the most discussed topic. Thank you!!

  • @joelegger2570
    @joelegger2570 Před 6 měsíci +9

    These are the best videos so far I saw to understand how Transformer / LLM works. Thank you.
    I really like maths but it is good that you keep math simple that one don't loose the overview.
    You really have a talent to explain complex things in a simple way.
    Greets from Switzerland

  • @gauravruhela7393
    @gauravruhela7393 Před 7 dny

    I really liked the way you showed the motivation behind softmax function. i was blown away. thanks a lot Serrano!

  • @channel8048
    @channel8048 Před 9 měsíci +4

    Just the Keys and Queries section is worth the watch! I have been scratching my head on this for an entire month!

  • @ChujiOlinze
    @ChujiOlinze Před 9 měsíci +5

    Thanks for sharing your knowledge freely. I have been waiting patiently. You add a different perspective that we appreciate. Looking forward to the 3rd video. Thank you!

  • @shuang7877
    @shuang7877 Před 24 dny

    A professor here - preparing for my couse and tryng to find an easier way to talk about these ideas. I learned a lot! Thank you!

  • @leilanifrost771
    @leilanifrost771 Před 2 měsíci

    Math is not my strong suit, but you made these mathematical concepts so clear with all the visual animations and your concise descriptions. Thank you so much for the hard work and making this content freely accessible to us!

  • @alexrypun
    @alexrypun Před 7 měsíci

    Finally! This is the best from the tons of videos/articles I saw/read.
    Thank you for your work!

  • @dekasthiti
    @dekasthiti Před 2 měsíci

    This really is one of the best videos explaining the purpose of K, Q, V. The illustrations provide a window into the math behind the concepts.

  • @MrMacaroonable
    @MrMacaroonable Před 6 měsíci +1

    this is absolutely the best video that clearly illustrate and explains why we need v,k,q in attention. Bravo!

  • @snehotoshbanerjee1938
    @snehotoshbanerjee1938 Před 6 měsíci +2

    One of the Best video on Attention. Such a complex subject been taught in a simple manner.Thank u!

  • @aravind_selvam
    @aravind_selvam Před 9 měsíci

    This video is, without a doubt, the best video on transformers and attention that I have ever seen.

  • @Chill_Magma
    @Chill_Magma Před 9 měsíci +1

    Honestly you are the best content creator for learning Machine learning and Deep learning in a visual and intuitive way

  • @lengooi6125
    @lengooi6125 Před 4 měsíci +1

    Simply the best explanation on this subject.Crystal clear .Thank you

  • @guitarcrax127
    @guitarcrax127 Před 9 měsíci +3

    Amazing video. pushed forward my understanding of attention by quite a few steps and helped me build an intuition for what’s happening under the hood. Eagerly waiting for the next one

  • @johnschut164
    @johnschut164 Před 5 měsíci

    Your explanations are truly great! You have even understood that you sometimes have to ‘lie’ first to be able to explain things better. My sincere compliments! 👊

  • @kranthikumar4397
    @kranthikumar4397 Před 2 měsíci

    This is one of the best videos on attention and w,k,v so far.Thank you for a detailed explanation

  • @SeyyedMohammadLoghmanDastgheyb
    @SeyyedMohammadLoghmanDastgheyb Před 8 měsíci +1

    This is the best video that I have seen about the concept of attention! (I have seen more than 10 videos but none of them was like this.) Thank you so much! I am waiting for the next videos that you have promised! You are doing a great job!

  • @redmond2582
    @redmond2582 Před 5 měsíci +1

    Amazing explanation of very difficult concepts. The best explanation I have found on the topic so far.

  • @puwanatsangkhapreecha7847

    Best video explaining what the query, key, and value matrices are! You saved my day.

  • @andresfeliperiostamayo7307
    @andresfeliperiostamayo7307 Před měsícem

    La mejor explicación que he visto sobre los Transformers. Gracias!

  • @bzaruk
    @bzaruk Před 6 měsíci

    MAN! I have no words! Your channel is priceless! thank you for everything!!!

  • @TheMotorJokers
    @TheMotorJokers Před 8 měsíci +1

    Thank you, really good job on the visualization! They make the process really understandable.

  • @brainxyz
    @brainxyz Před 9 měsíci +1

    Amazing explanation. Thanks a lot for your efforts.

  • @MrSikesben
    @MrSikesben Před 5 měsíci

    This is truly the best video explaining each stage of a transformer, thanks man

  • @lijunzhang2788
    @lijunzhang2788 Před 8 měsíci +1

    Great explanation. I was waitinig for this after your first video on attention mechanism! Your are so talented in explaining things in easily understandable ways! Thank you for the effort put into this and keep up the great work!

  • @user-zq8bd7iz4e
    @user-zq8bd7iz4e Před 9 měsíci

    The best explanation l've ever seen about the attention mechanism, amazing

  • @chrisw4562
    @chrisw4562 Před 3 měsíci

    Thank you for the great tutorial. This is the clearest explanation I have found so far.

  • @antraprakash2562
    @antraprakash2562 Před 4 měsíci

    This is one of best video I've come across to understand embeddings, attention. Looking forward to more such explanations which can simplify such complex mechanisms in AI world. Thanks for your efforts

  • @RoyBassTube
    @RoyBassTube Před měsícem

    Thanks!
    This is one of the best explanations of Q, K & V I've heard!

  • @danielmoore4311
    @danielmoore4311 Před 6 měsíci +1

    Excellent job! Please continue making videos that breakdown the math.

  • @0xSingletOnly
    @0xSingletOnly Před 4 měsíci

    I'm going to try implement self-attention and multi-head attention myself, thanks so much for doing this guide!

  • @rollingstone1784
    @rollingstone1784 Před měsícem +1

    @SerranoAcademy
    If you want to come to the same notation as in the mentioned paper, Q times K_transpose, than the orange is the query and the phone is the key here. The you calculate q times Q times K_transpose times key_transpose (as mentioned in the paper)
    Remark: the paper uses "sequences", described as a "row vectors". However, usually one uses column vectors. Using row vectors, the linear transformation is a left multiplication a times A and the dot product is written as a times b_transpose. Using column vectors, the linear transformation is A times a and the dot product is written as a_transpose times b. This, in my opinion, is the standard notation, e.g. to write Ax = b and not xA=b.

  • @sreelakshminarayanan.m6609
    @sreelakshminarayanan.m6609 Před měsícem

    Best Video to get clear understanding of transformers

  • @shannawallace7855
    @shannawallace7855 Před 7 měsíci +1

    I had to read this research paper for my Intro to AI class and it's obviously written for people who already have a lot of background knowledge in this field. so being a newbie I was so lost lol. Thanks for breaking it down and making it easy to understand!

  • @alnouralharin
    @alnouralharin Před 2 měsíci

    One of the best explanations I have ever watched

  • @_ncduy_
    @_ncduy_ Před 3 měsíci

    This is the best video for people trying to understand basic knowledge about transformer, thank you so much ^^

  • @joshuaohara7704
    @joshuaohara7704 Před 8 měsíci

    Amazing video! Took my intuition to the next level.

  • @devmum2008
    @devmum2008 Před 3 měsíci +1

    This is great videos with clarity! on Keys, Query, and Values. Thank you

  • @deveshnandan323
    @deveshnandan323 Před 3 měsíci

    Sir , You are a Blessing to New Learners like me , Thank You , Big Respect.❤

  • @etienneboutet7193
    @etienneboutet7193 Před 9 měsíci +1

    Great video as always ! Thank you so much for this quality content.

  • @chiboreache
    @chiboreache Před 9 měsíci +1

    very nice and easy explanation, thanks!

  • @user-um4di5qm8p
    @user-um4di5qm8p Před 6 dny

    by far the best explanation, Thanks for sharing!

  • @vasanthakumarg4538
    @vasanthakumarg4538 Před 5 měsíci

    This is the best video I had seen explaining attention mechanism. Keep up the good work!

  • @joehannes23
    @joehannes23 Před 5 měsíci

    Great video finally understood all the concepts in their context

  • @kylelau1329
    @kylelau1329 Před 5 měsíci

    I've been watching over 10 of the Transformers architecture tutorial videos, This one is so far the most intuitive way to understand it! really good work! yeah, Natural language processing is a hard topic, This tutorial is kind of revealed the black boxe from the large language model.

  • @tankado_ndakota
    @tankado_ndakota Před měsícem

    amazing video. that's what i looking for. I need to know mathematical background to understand what is happening behind. thank you sir!

  • @pavangupta6112
    @pavangupta6112 Před 6 měsíci

    Very well explained. Got a bit closer to understanding attention models.

  • @Ludwighaffen1
    @Ludwighaffen1 Před 6 měsíci +2

    Great video series! Thanks you! That helped a ton 🙂
    One small remark: the concept of the "length" of a vector that you use here confused me. Here, I guess you take the point of view of a programmer: len(vector) outputs the number of dimensions of the vector. However, for a mathematician, the length of a vector is its norm or also called magnitude (square root of x^2 + y^2).

  • @panagiotiskyriakis795
    @panagiotiskyriakis795 Před 3 měsíci

    Great and intutive explanations! Well done!

  • @saintcodded2918
    @saintcodded2918 Před 4 měsíci

    This is powerful yet so simple. Thanks

  • @user-ff7fu3ky1v
    @user-ff7fu3ky1v Před 8 měsíci

    Great explanation. I just really needed the third video. Hope you will post it soon.

  • @celilylmaz4426
    @celilylmaz4426 Před 5 měsíci

    This video has the best explanations of QKV matrices and linear layers among the other resources i ve come across. I don't know why but people seem not interested in explaining whats really happening with each action we take which results in loads of vague points. Yet, the video could ve been further improved with more concrete examples and numbers. Thank you.

  • @BABA-oi2cl
    @BABA-oi2cl Před 5 měsíci

    Thanks a lot for this. I always got terrified of the maths that might be there but the way you explained it all made it seem really easy ❤

  • @danherman212nyc
    @danherman212nyc Před 2 měsíci

    I studied linear algebra during the day on Coursera and watch CZcams videos at night on state of the art machine learning. I’m amazed by how fast you learn with Luis. I’ve learned everything I was curious about. Thank you!

    • @SerranoAcademy
      @SerranoAcademy  Před 2 měsíci +1

      Thank you, it’s an honor to be part of your learning journey! :)

  • @deniz517
    @deniz517 Před 8 měsíci

    The best video I have ever watched about this!

  • @aldotanca9430
    @aldotanca9430 Před 6 měsíci

    Thanks, very useful. I love the way you explain things here and on Coursera.

  • @user-eg8mt4im1i
    @user-eg8mt4im1i Před 6 měsíci

    Amazing video and explanations, thank you !!

  • @user-jz8hr5fo9e
    @user-jz8hr5fo9e Před měsícem

    Great Explanation. Thank you so much

  • @brandonheaton6197
    @brandonheaton6197 Před 9 měsíci

    Amazing explanation. I am a professional pedagogue and this is stellar work

  • @MarkusEicher70
    @MarkusEicher70 Před 7 měsíci +2

    HI Luis. Thank you for this video. I'm sure, this is a very good way to explain this complex topic, but I just won't get this into my brain. I'm currently doing the Math for Machine Learning specialization on Coursera and brushing up my algebra and calculus skills that are way to low. In any case, you made me getting involved into this and now I will grind through it till I make it. I'm sure the pain will become less and the fog will lighten up. 😊

  • @knobbytrails577
    @knobbytrails577 Před 5 měsíci

    Best video on this topic so far!

  • @PeterGodek2
    @PeterGodek2 Před 6 měsíci

    Best video so far on this topic

  • @awinashjha
    @awinashjha Před 8 měsíci

    This probably is “the best video “ on this topic

  • @SulkyRain
    @SulkyRain Před 5 měsíci

    Love the simplification you brought !!! super

  • @davidking545
    @davidking545 Před 6 měsíci

    Thank you so much! the image at 24:29 made this whole concept click immediately.

  • @cooperwu38
    @cooperwu38 Před 3 měsíci +1

    Super clear ! Great video !!

  • @user-xk7dy4nb7w
    @user-xk7dy4nb7w Před 11 dny

    Great Video. Appreciate all the hard work. Very informative.

  • @sambitmukherjee1713
    @sambitmukherjee1713 Před měsícem

    Just a superb explanation!

  • @Hiyori___
    @Hiyori___ Před 4 měsíci

    God sent video. So incredibly well put

  • @alieskandarian5258
    @alieskandarian5258 Před 4 měsíci

    It was fascinating to me, I searched a lot for a math explained which didn't find thanks for this
    Please do more😅 with more complex ones

  • @wiktormigaszewski8684
    @wiktormigaszewski8684 Před 4 měsíci

    Yep, a truly terrific video. Congrats!

  • @EkShunya
    @EkShunya Před 9 měsíci

    Thank you
    it was a superb explanation 🤩

  • @BrikeshKumar987
    @BrikeshKumar987 Před 5 měsíci

    Thank you so much !! I watched several video and none could explain the concept so well

    • @SerranoAcademy
      @SerranoAcademy  Před 5 měsíci

      Thanks, I'm so glad you enjoyed it! Lemme know if you have suggestions for more topics to cover!

  • @sheiphanshaijan1249
    @sheiphanshaijan1249 Před 9 měsíci +1

    Brilliant Explanation.

  • @bonadio60
    @bonadio60 Před 3 měsíci

    As always, great content! Thanks

  • @healthyhappy7487
    @healthyhappy7487 Před měsícem

    Best video. Great explanation

  • @o.k.4599
    @o.k.4599 Před 3 měsíci

    I haven't blinked my eyes for a sec. 👏🏼🙏🏼

  • @sadiaafrinpurba9179
    @sadiaafrinpurba9179 Před 9 měsíci

    Thank you for the explantion.

  • @cool12345687
    @cool12345687 Před 5 měsíci

    This is awesome.. Thanks a ton for this video. May God bless you..

  • @user-hf3fu2xt2j
    @user-hf3fu2xt2j Před 3 měsíci

    best explanation i've seen

  • @Chill_Magma
    @Chill_Magma Před 9 měsíci

    Excellent explaination

  • @januaymagori4642
    @januaymagori4642 Před 9 měsíci +2

    Today i have understood attention mechanism better than never before

  • @DanteNoguez
    @DanteNoguez Před 6 měsíci

    Amazing. Thanks a lot for this!

  • @mattmurdock3868
    @mattmurdock3868 Před 3 měsíci

    Best video on this topic🙌🏻

  • @li-pingho1441
    @li-pingho1441 Před 7 měsíci

    Your video is the best of all time!!!!!!!!!!! Beter than MIT course

  • @tariqkhan1518
    @tariqkhan1518 Před měsícem

    Thankyou so much for the video.

  • @MSGMSUSA
    @MSGMSUSA Před 5 měsíci

    Wow!!! Now, I understand attention mechanism.
    I did not understand a bit when learning about this in an expensive AI course

  • @jean-marclaferte7675
    @jean-marclaferte7675 Před 4 měsíci +1

    Excellent ! Thanks.

  • @rollingstone1784
    @rollingstone1784 Před měsícem

    @SerranoAcademy
    At 13:23, you show a matrix-vector multiplication with a column-vector (rows of the table times columns of the vector) by right-multiplication. On the right side, maybe you could use, additionally to "is sent to", the icon "orange' (orange prime). This would show the multiplication in a clearer way
    Remark: you use a matrix-vector multiplication here (using a row of the matrix and the words as a column on the right of the matrix). If you use row vectors, the the word vector should be placed horizontally on the left of the matrix and in the explanation, a column of the matrix has to be used. The result is then a row vector again (maybe a bit hard to sketch)