Alexios I Komnenos: Crisis and Crusade
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- čas přidán 21. 01. 2019
- A second Diocletian, it was Alexios I Komnenos that saved the empire from destruction from the Normans then the Pechenegs and then the Turks. He successfully handled the First Crusade and established a dynasty that would define the next century. He was one of the finest Eastern Roman Emperors.
Predocessor: Nikephoros III Botaneiates
• Video
Successor: John II Komnenos
• John II Komnenos: John...
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Bibliography:
Anna Komnena, The Alexiad, Translation by Sewter, E.R.A. (1969)
John Zonaras, Chronicle Vol 1-3, C.S.H.B. Vol XLVII, XLVIII, XLIX Pinder (1841), (1844), (1897)
Theophylact Bulgarias, Works, Patralogia Graeca Vol 123-126 Migne (1857-1866)
Angold, M. (1995) Church and Society in Byzantium under the Comneni, 1081-1261, Edinburgh.
Angold, M. (1997) The Byzantine Empire, 1025-1204. Edinburgh.
Gregory, T. E. (2010) A History of Byzantium, Michigan.
Harris, J. (2003) Byzantium and the Crusades - Second Edition, London.
Menelaou , I. (2018) Alexios I Komnenos and his Church Policy, London.
Mullet, M. and Smythe, D. (1989) Alexios I Komnenos: Papers, Belfast.
Music Credit:
'Ambient 1', 'Ambient 8', 'Ambient 15', 'Ambient 16', Ambient 22' 'Ambient 23', 'Ambient 27', 'Ambient 28' etc by Jason Graves from Rise and Fall: Civilastions at War by Stainless Steel Studios and Midway Games
'Futile Attempt' by Jeremy Soule from Total Annhilation by Cavedog Entertainment.
'Ambient 5' by Steve Fawkner and Marc Derell from Warlords Battlecry III by Infinite Interactive.
All images used are for educational purposes, if I have used a piece of art and you would like me to credit you, please contact me and I shall do so.
Fun fact, Alexios I Komnenos holds the record for the Emperor with the most plots and rebellions against him 14 all in all
His my hero I will even made a video about him 😊😊
Gallienus had 16 if you count the Gallic Empire's secession and the successful assassination plot against him and also probably many more that are unknown
Had it not been for Alexios, the Eastern Roman Empire would had collapsed in 1081.
yes
Best wishes from Kastamonu, the city of the Komnenos dynasty. Thanks for the enlightening information.
his a giga chad
underrated channel
I think so.
The Alexiad is a great read, by his daughter Anna Komnenos - very interesting Roman perspective of the crises, the battles against the 'Latins' the 'Kelts' the mercenary 'Thules' - defeats and successes.
Of all the great states that have come and gone oh how I wish the eastern Roman empire was still here
Now that's a leader i would follow !!Great video!
True a wise monarch!
One can also wonder what could have been if the co-operation between Eastern Rome and the crusades had actually worked instead of being a mess.
Fun video. Loved the use of music in this one.
Thanks for this! Chillaxin with my bro, Alexios. I think Anna had a crush on Godfrey. She brought him up any time she could.
A great documentary!!! Are you going to make something about Michael VIII Palaiologos? :)
Yes I am
@@EasternRomanHistory Can't wait.
its difficult to listen with the soundtrack so high.
Sorry about thatStill trying to get the balance between the two right.
I don't get how can't hear the narration, nice to actually hear background as well
Whats with the Warlords Battlecry soundtrack?
can u plz do a video on the catalan campaign of asia minor and about roger de fleur
sometimes i wonder had he never called the first crusade what could change maybe he would not gain much but at least this will not give him double edge sowrd
Those damned crusaders. centuries later and im still angry at the fact this happened.
Alexios I Komnenos. i really wished you talked more about the pronoia system. more about how the military aristocracy, from which the Komnenoi belonged, gained more and more power. and they did not like paying taxes. at least... after Manuel Komnenos died. exactly the same as in the Western Roman Empire before the end. no taxes, no treasury, no standing army, rather relying on mercenaries. and we all know how that goes. i really wished more details about these aspects.
The fact that John took his father's ring is not a sure fact. it sounds more like smth Anna would say. Alexios did want John to succeed him, rather than Anna and her husband. John was a very pious man and disliked extravagance. Also, he proved to be a competent leader. John worked to stabilize the empire, and while being cautious, he did push into Anatolia. however, some locals there, still greek, did not want to rejoin the empire. i mean... the aristocracy drained them dry for their wars, which they've lost. between 1025 and 1071, Anatolia suffered greatly due to incompetent and corrupt leaders. anyway, this is what i've read.
He delayed the fall of Byzantine for 400 years
@@rickyyacine4818 true. Had he been any lesser man, the empire would had fragmented itself after 1071. But just as saying that Leo III unwittingly caused the downfall of the empire by giving Venice a semi-independent status, so did Alexios by giving Venice profitable trade rights in exchange for assistance at sea. These are decisions made that benefitted during a limited time period, and we know now all these things because we know how they turned out. It'd be practically impossible to know in advance how some of these decisions that were meant to save your empire would later cause its downfall.
Great video, lose the music?
Rip alexios 😢😢
Please lower the music. It’s noise at this point.
Very true, this video is quite an early video and so the production quality was still quite rough around the edges. That has since improved considerably.
I love your videos but the music was waaaay too loud in this one
Unfortunately yes, I was still working out the audio editing when I made this one. In the future I may remake it.
@@EasternRomanHistory Kanalinizda Türkçe altyazıi kullanirmisiniz Roma Tarihine çok ilgi duyuyorum İngilizce Okuma ve yazma bilmiyorum Sizden Rica ediyorum Mümkün mü
where is the dracon river and how is it called today?
Its in the Meander Valley, in southwestern Turkey. Buyuk Menderes River
@@EasternRomanHistory Thanks! Keep it up those videos are very informative
@@xanthosparashis8819 Thank you, keep watching
What I was wondering was how did the Komnenoi Basilios' govern the Empire? Were there even provances any more?
Yes, the Alexios I reformed both the central bureacracy and the provincial government. Each province was organised into a theme headed by a Katepan but there was no army attached to them like they had been. Although, Manuel I went some way to doing this for the Themes in Asia Minor.
@@EasternRomanHistory Thank you for answering my question. That makes more sense that he would centralise the forces as there were so few soldier units left. It also explains about how they kept the government going. I think Byzantine post manzikurt to fall local administration isnt a well covered topic online so would love to see a video on that one day as it seems interesting. Also I just want to say you have done some excellent content over the years.
@@gm2407 Definately, it would be an interesting idea. In fact I would like to do a video about the reforms of Alexios I Komnenos because apart from being victorious against a few people, there is not much specific online that I see that covers what was so great about this emperor. He basically had to rebuild or reform many things from the ground up.
He did have an army but it was a centralised field army with local garrisons but quite different to how the army had operated under the Theme system of yesteryear.
The photo at 3:17 is showing the emperor John II and his son, Alexios. He's not the Alexios I Comnenos.
You are quite right. I had not realised that until after I published the video. Its the right period though.
@@EasternRomanHistory hey erh can u talk about assassin's creed revolution about the Byzantine coup to restore Constantinople by manual parealogose in 1511 ad its pretty interesting to see Byzantium survived in 16 century with guns 🤔😯😊😊😊
@@rickyyacine4818 did you mean Manuel Palaiologos? Not sure of the game version, but the real one, for me, looked to be the type i hate: emperor in name, in attitude, expecting a good life, damn the empire. Living from the money from the Pope, and when those were getting cut off, he tried to get a job in a military capacity at some nobles, but the money were not enough for his taste. For such a man, his imperial retinue was too important. He had an empire but in name only, yet he needed the lavish life of one, so much so that he ended going to Constantinople, a city he's never been to before, and fell to his knees in front of Mehmed II. The Conqueror received him with honors and allowed him a good life in the city, a monthly wage and concubines. Manuel did nothing to maintain the honor of a roman emperor, though truth be told, he was not the actual emperor, All he cared for was his living conditions. Despicable
@@ragael1024 I know about this what I care about is the plot of Constantinople restore in 1511
@@rickyyacine4818 hmm... honestly i've never heard of a plot to restore the Eastern Roman Empire in 1511. Not from any official sources. I know a crusade was called to reclaim it in 1459 i think. I know Catherina the Great wanted to restore the empire, but died and nothing came of that dream. These were the only real efforts that i know of, to that goal 🤷♂️
Komnenos (Greek: Κομνηνός; Latinized Comnenus; plural Komnenoi or Comneni (Κομνηνοί, [komniˈni])) was a Byzantine Greek noble family who ruled the Byzantine Empire from 1081 to 1185,[1] and later, as the Grand Komnenoi (Μεγαλοκομνηνοί, Megalokomnenoi) founded and ruled the Empire of Trebizond (1204-1461). Through intermarriages with other noble families, notably the Doukai, Angeloi, and Palaiologoi, the Komnenos name appears among most of the major noble houses of the late Byzantine world.
Komnenos
Κομνηνός
Komnenian dynasty
CountryByzantine Empire
Empire of TrebizondFounded10th century
1057 (as imperial family)FounderManuel Erotikos Komnenos
(first known; possibly founder)
Isaac I Komnenos
(first emperor)Final rulerAndronikos I Komnenos
(Byzantine Empire)
David Megas Komnenos
(Empire of Trebizond)Final headJohn Komnenos MolyvdosTitles
Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans
Emperor of Trebizond
Queen of Jerusalem*
Princess of Antioch*
Duchess of Athens*
* by marriageDissolution1719Deposition1185 (Byzantine Empire)
1461 (Empire of Trebizond)
Contents
OriginsEdit
The 11th-century Byzantine historian Michael Psellos reported that the Komnenos family originated from the village of Komne in Thrace-usually identified with the "Fields of Komnene" (Κομνηνῆς λειμῶνας) mentioned in the 14th century by John Kantakouzenos-a view commonly accepted by modern scholarship.[2][3] The first known member of the family, Manuel Erotikos Komnenos, acquired extensive estates at Kastamon in Paphlagonia, which became the stronghold of the family in the 11th century.[2][4] The family thereby quickly became associated with the powerful and prestigious military aristocracy (dynatoi) of Asia Minor, so that despite coming from Thrace it came to be considered "eastern".[5]
The 17th-century French scholar du Cange suggested that the family descended from a Roman noble family that followed Constantine the Great to Constantinople, but although such mythical genealogies were common-and are indeed attested for the closely related Doukas clan-the complete absence of any such assertion in the Byzantine sources argues against Du Cange's view.[6] The Romanian historian George Murnu suggested in 1924 that the Komnenoi were of Aromanian descent, but this view too is now rejected.[6] Modern scholars consider the family to have been entirely of Greek origin.[6]
Manuel Erotikos Komnenos was the father of Isaac I Komnenos (reigned 1057-1059) and grandfather, through Isaac's younger brother John Komnenos, of Alexios I Komnenos (reigned 1081-1118).
Founding the dynastyEdit
Isaac I Komnenos, a stratopedarch of the East under Michael VI, founded the Komnenos dynasty of Byzantine
Alexios was greeck btw good video
His a hero iq 200
All too loud stupidifying "STARWAR " musik
I personally find Alexios overrated, and much prefer his son Ioannes. Admittedly I find the entire Komnenoi period a disappointment.
The Komnenoi concentrated a lot of power in the person of the emperor by staffing the bureaucracy with relatives, favored courtiers and other people who could allow an emperor to carry out his agenda relatively unimpeded as long as he maintained good relations with them.
It worked in the cases of emperors such as Alexios and his immediate successors, but it was far less effective when rulers who lacked those existing bonds had to navigate such a system.
Such as Manuel's child heir, Andronikos Komnenos or the Angeloi.
It's on the whole a systemic downgrade from the organizational setup of the 8th through 10th centuries. As well, Alexios put his family's own power above the empire as a whole, and refused to really properly work to reclaim Anatolia. He was too hesitant in some ways, and too brazen in others. A shiny coin, somewhat brilliant, but on the whole fairly overrated.
True true mate alexios did somethings great for the moment but for long terms it was bad as hell like the treaty of Venice in 1082 ad and calling the crusade in 1095 ad was double edge sword or mercenary he should have few merc from holy Roman empire rather then the pop also pranoia system worked good in the 1080s to 1100s after he should have stop it and go back to old system because it was emergency way not every day way to fight it too risky thoes are 3 mistakes kinda back fired after manuel death in 1180 ce