Social Influence: Crash Course Psychology #38
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- čas přidán 9. 07. 2024
- Why do people sometimes do bad things just because someone else told them to? And what does the term Groupthink mean? In today's episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank talks about the ideas of Social Influence and how it can affect our decisions to act or to not act.
Want more videos about psychology? Check out our sister channel SciShow Psych at / scishowpsych !
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Chapters:
Introduction 00:00
Milgram's Obedience Experiment 0:31
Social Influence & Conformity 3:22
Asch's Conformity Experiment 4:08
Cultural Expectations & Normative Social Influence 5:21
Social Facilitation 5:59
Social Loafing 6:19
Deindividuation & Group Polarization 6:51
Groupthink 7:58
Review & Credits 9:06
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Actually, the arguably most important part of the Milgram experiment is the part that is very consistently left out, which explained how the four different prods affected the subjects. When given the prod, "please continue," many of the subjects did indeed continue, but it wasn't as effective as "the experiment requires that you continue." This is because the subjects most often pushed themselves to continue when they believed that continuing the experiment would benefit the greater good. The last prod, however, "you have no choice but to continue," was the closest the experimenters got to a direct order, and the closest the subject group got to not complying at all. So, it can be argued that the Milgram experiment actually shows that people are more willing to do things when they believe that it is what is right, NOT when they are being ordered to do so.
The funniest thing I got out of watching clips of the Milgram Experiment was an interview with one of the refusers.
Refuser: "In my mind, I was hurting that gentleman, so I wasn't going to go any further."
Psychologist: "But is there anything Mr Williams [the researcher] could have said [to make you continue]?"
Refuser: *Leans back in his chair* "To hell with Mr Williams." *Lights a cigarette LIKE A BOSS*
It took my teacher a month to cover what you said in 13 mins.👍🏽👍🏽
But the video is only 10 minutes... Lol.
it is because he talks faster than your teacher.
10 minutes 7 seconds
13 minutes if you pause it for 3 minutes
ghadier w
Reminds me of when I was around 8 years of age. A group of us played together during recess but one day the group decided to bully another kid who was pretty much isolated. The time is was what the group was doing it so I didn't think anything of it, it was "normal". It wasn't until I got home and started watching my daily episode of power rangers, my super heroes fighting for good. I started thinking to myself realized what I had done was wrong and felt guilty. Thankfully my story ends with me apologizing to the kid and inviting him to play with us and he was never bullied again. Still friends to this day.
GO GO POWER RANGERS!
Guess Who??? Happy to say I didn't. He's now grown up to be an embalmer so maybe a good thing I got on his good side now.
good guy nappa lol nice man
completely disagree with that.
okay then.
when you don't want to read the chapter but you want to pass the test
true XD
me..
i read the chapter but it was not enough
Amanda Talbot AHAHAHAHHA LMFUDEASSOFF
SO ME RIGHT NOW
I listened to my professor lectures an studied on quizlet now I’m here
"Monsters exist, but they are too few in number to be truly dangerous. More dangerous are the common men, the functionaries ready to believe and to act without asking questions.”
― Primo Levi
ICanthinkofname25 Yaaaassss 👏👏👏👏
Thank you. Primo Levi was an amazing man
The 'monsters' are extremely intelligent, as sociopaths often are - they exploit the masses of 'functionaries' for their own purposes, thats why they are both highly dangerous.
This whole comment section consists of "Oh, so *this* is why everyone does X!"
Gotta love psychology. You can walk right out of class and start diagnosing your friends.
In my first 3 months at uni studying psychology, we covered what was in this 10minute video. GOOD WORK SCISHOW, POO UNI
Not sure if crappy uni or making a hyperbolic statement to get likes.
It's top uni in my country, they just cover things very slowly, maybe because they go in depth and look at stats and other cases etc. But in the end all I could actually recall from those 3months was represented perfectly in a condensed for in this video.
also to get all the likes! If I don't get more likes on this comment I'm going to have to buy an iPhone 6 and poke the lenses out of my glasses
you mean CrashCourse not SciShow? Sorry...internal need for factual correctness
Amy Deng
yes correct haha, I just saw Hank and my brain did the rest.
brod2man This video was just a brief overview of what you did in those three months. So comparing a brief explanation of what you already know should've been common sense to make that association. When I start a conversation about a certain subject the person already knows, is there a point to tell my 4 years of uni to someone that both of us have the knowledge about?
That's why I love working alone.
Yaume Lepire 🤣
I'm taking a psychology class at university and I had a class about this yesterday. Watching it like this, with Hank explaining makes it so much better (and easier to remember). I just love crash course so much.
I know I'm late to this conversation, but I love the utilization of the WAT grandma meme throughout.
Gotta love how Crash Course made their like to dislike ratio non-existent
9k to 53
@@grossio5564 now it's 22k to 227
I am so glad I watched this video - it explained to me why all the students in my drama production are all putting so little effort into being expressive. I knew that their desire to be accepted by their peers was part of it, but the idea of social loafing and little individual accountability had not occurred to me. It made me realise that I haven't given them any indication of how they are going to be assessed individually, so at the moment they all think that it's ok to not stand out because the whole group is acting a particular way. I still have some more thinking to do about how to change this situation but it was a big help. Thanks Hank and Crash Course contributors!
wow man, it's like 1 month of my school's sociology class in 10 minutes. thank you CrashCourse, your works are amazing!
best fucking way to study for my intro to psychology mid term is this FUCKING video. Textbooks are dead to me.
This video, should play in every classroom, every day, for the rest of eternity.
PREACH
Wow, that Milgram experiment is pretty scary. Hank! You should consider doing a video about depersonalization while driving. Why road rage happens, and why we generally act the way we do (towards other drivers) while we, ourselves are behind the wheel.
We studied 7 different studies in psychology (outline, ethics, strengths, weaknesses, sample, reason, related approaches/psychologists) in our first 3 months and now my brain is like blaarrrugghhh so these videos are absolute lifesavers and are helping me keep it together. Thank you crashcourse !
I remember talking about the Milgram experiment in my class. The Professor asked how many of us, if we were giving the shock, would administer the lethal shock. I was the only one in my class of 80 that raised my hand and answered honestly. I felt so alone :3
It's one of those things that it's impossible to really predict until you are actually in the situation. 1/3rd of your class was right after all (assuming the conditions of the original experiment) even if we can't be sure which 1/3rd.
It's ok, people, especially students, love to feel they're better than everyone else, so they lie to themselves and ignore uncomfortable truths about themselves. They're a bunch of idealists and need to become realists, but they're too pretentious so that won't happen in the near future.
But your lack of conformity in that situation suggests that you actually would *not* have administered the lethal shock.
Well of course everyone (*ahem* most) would say they wouldn't, but at least it gets them thinking about the honesty of their perception of self. Personally I would say that I wouldn't kill people, especially if I was hearing the screams of someone in pain. If there was no discernible sign of pain from the "victim," I would unfortunately probably go to at least the very severe shock before judging my actions thoroughly.
This is the most recent crash course ive watched in a while and ive gotta say i really appreciate the different colored words in the definitions, and short notes popping up while he's talking. they really help to remember the most important parts and let the information sink in. so much better than having to shorten the info myself in my head.
ive noticed this in my own life because i tend to act differently depending on who im with. If im with someone who tends to be outgoing and more explicit, i am quieter than normal to give them some room. But if im with a group who is timid and reserved, i become more confident and im more exciting. I really only have one friend where i feel completely comfortable.
One novel: Lord of the Flies
This video would have really helped me revise milgram back in the day when i was doing a level psychology. This is why I love crash course it helps those currently studying, helps people learn new things even if they are not in school and helps people to remember things they have learnt but have since forgotten.
When I was a young kid sitting alone on a swing a bunch of kids came up to me and started talking.
I sarcastically replied about a stupid rumor....and a boy started throwing rocks at me.....then they all started throwing rocks at me (pea gravel) and kicking me till the recess bell rang.
When asked why...they all shrugged their shoulders and said "because everyone else was".
Since the I get nervous when I sense a "same mind same body" mentality forming within a group and get the hell out of the area...saved me a lot of trouble as a kid.....but I had 0 trust of my peers and almost no friends till High School.
Heck vigils (where where everyone is one mind one body) still make me nervous..... and church was (still is) torture.
I can go see a movie in a crowded theater now with no problem, or to a sports event no problem now.....but I am vigilant.
then stop going to church... I did!(get it beca...never mind)
MVcamera
conformist! Ok, I'll be the first non-conformist: I stopped going to mosque about 2 years ago.
maybe stop going to church. It promotes a unity amongst the group, but unbeknownst to them, it produces that group polarization and the "us vs them" mentality described int he video. You should respectfully let them be while you have the chance to.
I have seen something very similar to what you've mentioned. When kids in my class would pointlessly harass me or other kids I would ask what exactly they gain from what they are doing, the response was usually "shut up" or they would walk away in silence. The reason I found wasn't "because everyone else is", since they were in a group but they were the only ones harassing, but that they wanted to show the group or the person they were harassing that they were superior to said person and had control over him, that he was their helpless puppet. The "because everyone else is" reason is more popular in the kind of setting that you've mentioned, where there is one person that started and everyone else joins, that reason is very similar to the one I mentioned even though they aren't trying to prove that they are superior over someone but that they aren't inferior to the rest of the group.
Sounds like you have a good ol case of paranoid personality disorder.
Just discovered this and it so amazingly produced
Good to have you. :)
I am very happy you added the words of encouragement to the end of this video. These kinds of experiments (and personal experiences, in the case of almost-riots due to insane...well, I thought it was groupthink, but I guess it was a mixture of groupthink and depersonalization) always terrify me. Thank you for giving a little perspective and hope! :D
Looks like I've found my next CZcams binge watch channel :)
Also, one thing that's really important to know is that simply being aware of these effects, that one is prone to give a wrong answer if others give a wrong answer or the tendency to listen to authority over your conscious, is the best way of keeping yourself from being influenced by them.
my social psychology test ia tomorrow crash course always out here Saving lives
Great video! Appreciate the summary at the end, good structure!
I've been waiting for this topic for SOOOOO LONG! Thanks CrashCourse!
Hank, I thank you and the team for such high quality material. I can't believe this is readily accessible to anyone while I have had equivalent content taugh to me in very reputable institutions. Thank you.
i LOVE this channel! it makes learning something actually enjoyable, when school just makes it painful. thank you sooo much for this videos
I remembered in Xmen First Class that stuck with me since was when Magneto was punishing the soldiers, and Xavier told him that they were "just men following orders". And then Magneto said, "I have been under the mercy of men just following orders my entire life. Never again". Powerful scene.
can i just say something yoy are an absolute saviour. no serious, i have been struggling sooo hard in college with philosophy, psychology etc i always eel pure stupid because i dont understand, but then i found your videos and you have helped me so much, whenevee i strugle with something i just look for your video and i get it almost instantly. maybe my tutors are just making things more complicated than it has to be, but you may have just saved me frok being booted from my course !! thank you!!! x
Another excellent episode! I am loving this series. Psychology has always been very fascinating to me.
This is not even my subject anymore, but I am here. The way Hank teaches makes me feel good about education after being tortured by trash professors. Just failed my pol exam despite getting a pretty good grade last semester. My professor doesn't let everyone speak in the class and has a favourite favoured group, is like a misogynist. Thanks, Hanks for motivating me again!
That awkward moment when one top comment, is the exact copy of the other top comment.
It's also known as something that was in the video
Thank you, Hank. Right now, you're helping me to not freaking out about my mock tomorrow whilst helping me revise.
Thank you, you are saving me💙
These videos on psychology and sociology are absolutely fascinating. Make more !
This would be why religions work so well.
😂😂😂
Sad, but true. Works for Democracy, Atheism and our one and only supreme Leader Kimmy as well though.
function? yep. alL in what u calL the ...de... or if erected falL... stand for talL or halL whstever adress instalL for phone home that the on cycle problem being bring up feeding stop coming own seeding over thrown.
felic terrestrial creation expression of some to say ....actualLy if for real by their name...
+
so well and, sometimes, so anti ethic
I love this episode of Crash Course; it fits in perfectly with my psychology course :D
Writing a Psychology exam tomorrow and this crash course was absolutely incredible. THANK YOU!
This is scarily perfect for what I'm learning about in class right now. Like you summarized an entire article I had to read by Solomon Asch... I love you Hank!!!!
I've done my share of social loafing on CZcams; no need to worry about writing something interesting when it's likely to get lost among the 500 other comments.
This is amazing.
Thanks Hank and all the wonderful people behind this production. Ya'll don't get enough credit for the good you do in informing us ignorant folk. More social psychology episodes would be greatly appreciated!
This is a great video, and makes me really excited to continue studying social psychology.
My AS Psychology Paper 1 Exam is in a few hours! Good luck to everyone!!
Same good luck
good luck, I have mine at 13:30.
Mines at half 1 as well. Good luck everyone
+Chanél Amour HI I just had the same exam how did u find it??
omg good luuuuck ..i wanted to take that subject.. score an A ^^
48,000,000 thumbs up? What kind of fantasy world are you living in Hank?!
Thanks for these videos! They are so helpful! I honestly couldn't thank the crash course crew enough!
thank you for slowing down. first couple of videos I had to rewind so many times. I have learned so much from him.
so social polarisation = circle jerking
Six years later and still our group-think isn't aware of any of this and falls prey to it constantly. Bummer.
These psychology videos are helping me so much with my GCSEs - thank you!!!
Glad I found these videos, you make this easy to understand. A lot of stuff goes over my head during lectures but these are helping a lot. :D
I believe that a Milgram-experiment-like test is used to evaluate potential math instructors at my university. They have to reach the maximum shock level to get hired.
:32 seconds in and I already know he's going to talk about Stanley Milgrim's experiment. #Psych
Same. Pretty much anybody who's been to a school of some sort in the past 10 years knows about it :D
Now the information I had from IB psychology just became clearer. Thank You Hank Green.
Love the ending, a reminder to keep our heads and not loose them in group think
This qualifies as revision, right?
If it helps you sleep better at night, sure!
yes
Hell yeah
So you've basically explained the science behind religious crazies.
Politics generally
Particually the extreme ends of the spectrum.
***** Yes, The right.
And left
this explains the religious craziness. but most of the time religion is a personal adventure. depends who u r i guess. but yeah i agree... religion can get cray cray
These topics really open up my mind. Im already a working professional but these social topics, helps me understand my coworkers in some sense
I'm going to be a sophomore in high school and I LOVE all of these phycology vids!
Okay, I really want to point out that although that interpretation of the Milgram experiment is the most popular, it's not the only one and arguably not even the one most supported by the evidence. There's another interpretation that it's the idealism of science that enabled people to perform the shocks, not orders. For example, those prods? Note that the fourth one is the only one that can actually be considered a genuine order and impinges on the participant's free will. It's also the only prod that, whenever it was used, *immediately* caused participants to rebel against the experiment. The others, particularly the second one, tended to be far more effective. In the comments participants wrote on feedback forms, they often talked about how important scientific testing was, and were often glad to have taken part (though Milgram was quite bad at giving back feedback, some people thought they had actually murdered a man). Factors that cause doubt about scientific credibility (e.g. professor not being in a labcoat, disagreement among two professors, not doing the study at Yale etc.) can be said to be the factors that actually reduce compliance (though note the authority of an expert is inherently tied into how credible something is, so it's difficult to separate). Essentially, participants trust that science is a progressive force for good and have faith that the experimenter, as an informed representative of that, knows what will or will not ultimately cause genuine harm. There are also questions of whether or not original participants knew there was an actor involved (replications where people know the study is faked still produce emotional distress), data manipulation, and how standardised the procedure actually was.
I am not saying that the initial interpretation is wrong or the Milgram experiment isn't a landmark study. Authority is unquestionably a huge factor on behaviour. I just think that the interpretation of strong belief in an ideal might actually be the conclusion that explains why Nazism occurred, rather than the mere 'humans are spineless cowards' narrative that keeps springing up around this, and it should be part of the discussion. The idea that people are willing to do dirty work for the greater good, even to their own discomfort, is one I personally find more congruent.
Rockerchavnerdemo this comment is 3 years old but so good!
@@user-uc3fd4jj6j dang ikr finna cop this for my essay
ᄋ: dude i dont even remember commenting my reply or reading what they wrote i HSJDHJ
곰슬 HSJSJ I mean it has been a year igy😂😂😂
Yeah I can across the same info. Obedience studies can also be called (dis) obedience studies. Just look up resistance and disobedience literature.
I had my headphones in and every time he put on a definition I thought someone was farting I was so lost
I am so very happy that I had found this! I find this to be fascinating! Thank-you.
Learned more from this crash course then my entire university psychology class. Have a final today but have a 98 in the class because of this crash course. Thank you.
if you want to know more about the subject I recomend the book or movie: "the wave". bassed on a real story in a real high school.
This videos is very well-made. Love it.
And this is why i love this channel. Please more vids like this one.
I really like the wrap up in the end.Because is leaves us wit a reminder or summary of what was learned.
Listening to this as I'm playing the sims nice plumbobs
Would be interesting to compare Milgram experiments over a large timescale and with lots areas where social norms are different. Just to see if anything changes.
Yeah, interesting.
I adore these Psychology Crash Courses! ^^
this is my favorite show on CZcams, and this is coming from a person who has not used the tv in about two years and entertains via CZcams
This guy reminds me of young Stephen Hawking.
Me me Yep. Eddie Redmayne's portrayal of a young Stephen Hawking looks identical to Hank Green in an uncanny fashion.
~ TDG
You mean crippled and filled with an impending sense of doom?
Alann Hod excuse me?
Social loafing may be misleading. When people are in a group, they may just not feel the need to put forth maximum effort in an attempt to conserve energy and resources, whereas if you're solely acting on your own behalf, your effort more directly/dramatically impacts the result of that effort than when mitigated by the rest of the group. If your belief is that a group is put together to do more work, then it may be loafing. If you believe that a group's goal is to bring together people with the same objective and achieve that objective more easily, then it's not loafing.
Thank you so much for all your hard work.
This was outstanding and comprehensive. Bravo.
Well, I must be touched in the head, then. If someone told me "You have no choice but to continue," the only response I can think to give them is "Don't I?" Group dynamics always pissed me off and the implied need to conform or be ostracised I found intellectually insulting... Though probably not offensive. Over time, I've realised that most people can't see past their own nose and simply don't realise what kind of peer pressure they exert on their... Well, peers.
Conformity may be a natural tendency for people who feel good by being in a group and being accepted. For those who recognise the cost of such thinking, however, conformity is less pleasant and more repugnant. We developed these large brains with which we make decisions. It seems a shame to delegate those to other people.
most people though are totally social animals. part of being a social animal is to respect and or follow the autority figure in a situation. part of this though isnt just following some of it has to be well whatever happens the buck has to stop with the guy in charge.
Although you might be right about this in your case, I would actually like to see you go through something like this (without realizing it ofc). Because I really doubt that you can know if you would go along with something like this until you are put in the situation. I doubt any of the test subjects in the test would have thought they would do it ahead of time.
you should listen to this weeks cracked.com podcast on decision making. A scarily large amount of your decisions are made unconsiously before you ever really thought about it.
In the original Milgram experiment, every time the experimenter said the participant had no choice, people rebelled. You can hear lots of audio clips of people basically saying "Well fuck you, yes I do". See a longer comment I posted for explanation. The Milgram experiment isn't as clear-cut as psychology lecturers like to say.
Rockerchavnerdemo but that doesn't change the outcome. You can rebel and refuse the final shock as some did but many still went all the way and everybody went most of the way. It's true that when faced with absolute command some resisted but most complied.
A very great and thought provoking episode. I had to add this to my favorites. ^_^
Fantastic video!!
Such interesting and great information!
Actually, I'd keep walking on the grass....I would help the old lady though!
"...or they can do some really dumb stuff" - who is not thinking about election 2016?
Thanks so much, helped brilliantly with revision for my exams this week! :)
FRICKIN AMAZING! I took in more in this class than any of the others lol! Thank you!
It seems like all the landmark experiments in the history of psychology that we refer back to all the time would be considered unethical today. Has ethics brought us to a self-imposed end of knowledge?
Out of curiosity, what words for working against the group dynamic? EG. You feel with rooting for the underdog when the group is going popular choice, or, when in group activity you feel more likely to put in effect cause you do not wish to be seen as slacking whereas if alone you more likely to loaf.
+Callum McTavish hipster ;P jk
+Callum McTavish I think 'hipsters' are categorized as being in an autonomous state. When a person is in an autonomous state, they are free to behave according to their own principles, and if they wish to root for the underdog, then they are more likely to do so than if they were in an agentic state.
but it not autonomous, I mean one who action are dictated by the larger group and they actively go in the opposite way. Not rooting for an underdog, but actively seeking to be the underdog, whether it be positive or negative direction. Hipster I think just actively seek self identity, so they just try to be different, not opposite of the larger group. Not sure either can truly said to be autonomous since their action would need the input of larger group they dependent on to define their own actions.
I'm not sure then, I'm just going off an A-level text book here
You be amazed how much of that you use to get into University and then throw away when you learn new stuff AT university :P
5:30 Couldn't avoid feeling the deepest soul of a nerd showing his feelings hahaha :)
Could have cried when i saw this.. have a test on conformity and needed a bit of help with some parts.. thank you so much.. so much better then reading through a book
WUT meme lady 0:08
You have no choice but to continue...
reading this comment :p
Damn it I fell for it.
Awesome
I love these videos. Everyone who worked on this is exemplary. Even if they are socially loafing.
Ya gotta love crash course.. learning more and more with every episode. DFTBA :)
Why he is talking so fast?
Because he's Hank Green
Just slow the video down
Mostly because of your mom
He's not...
Because you're slow
You can now add covid19 after you say Chernobyl
Wow imagine that came here to do my homework and everything the dude said went right over my head!
had my paper 1 psych mock today and ran out of time to revise social influence but i watched this video last night and i think you saved me
Completely wrong interpretation at 8:51 . The 1/3 that wouldn't "shock someone to death" would still shock someone to dangerous and frightening levels of 300 volts. No one was a hero.
True, but unless you're a medical doctor, an electrician or someone who otherwise knows a lot about how dangerous shocks are, that number doesn't really mean much to you. Is 300 volts really that much more dangerous than, say, 150? Or 90?
Sure, I could look it up, but the Milgram experiment was done in 1961, so that would not have been easy at the time. I don't know why 300 volts is the cut-off point for so many people. It could simply be the point where the "learner" stopped reacting at all, indicating that they have received serious injury. Or maybe that's where the actor switched from expressions of pain to begging the teacher to stop.
My point is that putting the "not a hero" line at 300 volts is rather arbitrary. It would probably be fair to put it at giving any electro shocks at all, so the starting 30 volts, but then you're really putting your standards unreasonably high.
If you actually read the experiment, by 300 volts the confederate (student being taught) had already shouted things like "Get me out of here! I refuse to go on with the experiment! Get me out of here! My heart is starting to act up!"
When the shock that was supposedly 300 volts was administered, the learner pounded on the wall of his room. At 330 volts the learner let out a great scream of pain and fell silent.
Read up, Sonny-boy before you opine! You just sound ignorant!
Ah, so there is a relevance to the 300-volt line. I wasn't aware of that.
And as an aside, I just tried to find the original study, but the only thing I found was a nine page article which lists absolutely no protests from the learner before 300 volts and does not mention any shouting from the actor at all.