Oxford MAT asks: sin(72 degrees)
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- čas přidán 13. 05. 2024
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We will evaluate the exact value of sin(72 degrees) via the sin(5 theta) formula. This question is from the University of Oxford Math Admission Test in 2022 www.maths.ox.ac.uk/system/fil...
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لو انني كنت افهم الإنجليزية لكان الأمر سهلا معك
I can take this course
I want to say that
obviously , 8>√5>2
so [5-√(5)]/8
Hello blackpenredpen!
I have found a pattern for a prime numbers.
- Can't be negative
- Can't be 0
- 72° > 60° so the sin has to be greater than √3/2, but √((5-√5)/8) is clearly less than √3/2
- Therefore A is the answer
Oops! You got bprp this time 😆
Same line of thought. Had the proposed answers had more diversity, twould be much much tougher to evaluate
We actually have to remember angles like 18,36,54,72,7½, and other angles🥲🥲
process of elimination is always simpler 😂
Exactly. You can eliminate three answers off the bat, and the (d) value looked suspiciously low to me (did a bit of mental back-of-the-envelope calculation) and I settled on (a).
Commenting before watching the video, I eliminated the negative because sin 72 is near 1 than zero, so the square root has to be near 1 so we must choose the bigger alternative
True
Yes! If this question is really a multiple choice, we don't even need to solve the equation. Just simple elimination can figure out which one is the real answer. That makes our life, may be an Oxford's life, more easy! 😂
My thoughts, as well.
Does not necessarily mean we must choose the bigger of the remaining two.
However, note that 5 - sqrt(5)
let's suppose the values given are
a. 0
b. 1
c. .973
d. .987
now you can't solve like by eliminating them
Nah, ain't no way. I just did this EXACT question at school today. I come home and, boom, there it is
U from India??
Just asking cuz we were also taught this in 11th grade
@@ShreshyaRyes. I also did in 11
We all study this in 11th not just indians@@ShreshyaR
@@BroomieHERE I studied in 10th in india...
@@4fgaming925i m studying in 9th... basic maths in physics and vectors.
I solved this question knowing that in a pentagram, if you cut a point, it will form an isosceles triangle with angles 72º, 72º and 36º. But, in a pentagram the aurum ratio is a rule, so if the base is equal to x, the equal sides are equal to x((5^0.5-1)/2). Applying the cos rule, you can find that cos72º = ((5^0.5+1)/4). Therefore, the fundamental law of trigonometry garantees the sin72º = ((5+5^0.5)/8)^0.5, as sinx >0 for 0>x>90º
Aurum ratio? I've not heard it called that before, so initially I was puzzled till I recognised the quantity you gave.
Then I realised: Aurum = pertaining to gold, as in the chemical element. Yes, this is just a posher name for what I was taught as the golden ratio.
Thanks for your comment: which turned out to teach me something about language as well as maths :)
Thanks for the clarification. In my native tongue it's called "razão áurea", as in spanish "proporción áurea", in french "nombre d'or" or in latim "aurea ratio"... I forgot that in english it doesn't follow the same pattern. All those words come from the hebrew "aur", which means divine light, hence the creationists idea that this ratio is present in all creation (which of course is just a point of view).
6:55
37 appears everywhere, even in your jokes :)
Fellow veritasium follower
veritasium was here
Funfact : 37 is the only number in the entire universe which is spelt as Thirty Seven
@@utvikrama wow... i can't believe it. do you have a source for that??
Indian student do this is 11th class maths as using sin (90-12) =cos (12) and x=12
5x=90
3x=90-2x
Cos 3x = cos (90-2x)
4cos^3 x -3cosx = sin 2x
4cos^3 x -3cosx =2.sinx.cosx
4cos^2 x -3 = 2sinx
Covert cos^2 to sin^2 then use the quadratic formula u have your answer
It should be (90-18)
Same in bd
golden triangle has 72°, 72° and 36° and sides a golden ratio (phi) larger than the base. Split the base in half to obtain the right triangle with 72° having a base of 1 and hypotenuse of 2 phi. The remaining far side of 72° will be phi*√(phi +2). Sin 72 = √(phi +2)/2
where phi is the positive golden ratio = (√5+1)÷2
√((√5+1)÷2+2)/2 = 0.951056
I love these kinds of admission test math problems. Would love to see more of your videos on this
It's not necessary to notice that 36° is also a solution. By inspection sin(72°) is pretty close to 1, approximately 0.95, so (sin(72°))^2 must be approximately 0.9. Now (5 - sqrt(5))/8 is much too small and (5 + sqrt(5))/8 is the correct answer.
You can't compute the actual value of the sin. You have to figure it out yourself. You can't say it's 0.95 therefore it's that thing
Of course you can. If the 5 solutions were reasonably close, your have to it the hard way. But if 3 options eliminate themselves right away and you have a rough estimate of the ball park and one solution is way off, tadaaa.
@@KaiserBob99
@@KaiserBob99 At least guessing is ok.
Nice - I sorta got stuck on the last step, but your explanation made perfect sense.
Normal question: 95% time solving equation, 5% time choosing the correct answer
This question: 50% time solving equation, 50% time choosing the correct answer
I have never seen a question that takes a long time to filter and reject answers.
Beautiful math excercise. ❤
Alternatively, consider sin(3x) + sin(2x) = 0, cancle one sin x after expanding and replace sin^2 by 1 - cos^2. We have a quadratic is cosine which is simpler to solve.
Side note : Depending on what kind of education system you are in, you may have some trig values of 18 and 36 degrees memorized, in which case the question is trivialized.
There also probably is a complex number solution but I am too lazy to find it.
Recall that sin(θ) is the perpendicular height to the x-axis from the point of intersection of the unit circle and the line making the angle θ.
Clearly, this height is not 0, and also it is above the x-axis, so it is positive.
We can therefore exclude B, C and E.
We know that
sin(45°)=sqrt(2)/2≈0.7,
so sin(72°) must be greater that 0.7
But sqrt(5)≈2.2
So option A ≈ sqrt(7.2/8),
and option B ≈ sqrt(2.8/8)
From A and B, only A is greater than 0.7.
As a multiple choice question, this is a one minute question.
Very insightful
Facinating question
I'm learning to like maths. It's slow but i'm beginning to appreciate it. That's after having my potential love of maths beaten out of me by a less than ideal experience of being taught it at school. My algebra is at the point where I followed everything that was done here without scratching my head. Although I probably could not have solved it on my own. Slow and steady. I'll get there in the end.
It’s worth noting that at 4:55 we arrive at the four choices which are given in the paper. We could have started there, and in the real exam, you should, as it saves time. Nonetheless, I appreciate seeing the derivation of the solution. It would also be interesting to see where the trig identity comes from. It comes from applying de Moivre’s theorem.
Very nice. I would never solve this myself but love seeing the magic happen haha
do more calculus 3 question on you channel, i really like them
Exelente Ejercicio. 😃
Teaching skill
Love it
I had a similar question where we were supposed to find sin(72) on a complex analysis final.
I used the same approach you did to calculate sin72 = x, obviously x cant be negative so we igonore that solution, now to determine if it sqrt((5 +/- sqrt5)/8, I set up a condition where sin72 lies between sin 60 and sin90 since sin is increasing from 0 to 90 degrees, we know that sin 60 is sqrt3/2 ~ 0.866 and sin 90 = 1
so when we approximate the two solutions, the one with + sign is ~0.951 and the one with negative sign is ~ 0.56 which does not satisfy our condition, there fore the one with + sign is the answer which is option A
This is the Best content on CZcams in the world 🙏🏿🌍!
I compared the values with sin 45, to get to the answer.
But ur argument is pure genious
Very good video ! I have a question I would love you to answer : for any ineger n, what is the integral going from O to 1 of (lnx)^n
I love your teaching so much ❤ form Cambodia teacher
Tried and also done 👍🏻
very nice....i understand it, only i wouldn't know where to start
From scratch it will be using similar and isosceles triangles
Angle is acute so we can immediately eliminate (b) , (c) , (e)
Sine is increasing in first quadrant so after comparing (a) and (d) , (a) is closer to one than (d)
so we can suspect that (a) is correct but at this moment we can not to be sure that (a) is correct
(In fact (a) = sin(72 degrees) and (d) = sin(36 degrees) )
Yes, you can be sure, as it needs to be quite close to 1, and (a) is the only one close to one.
Or, since sin(60) is sqrt(3/2), it's clear out cannot be any other value.
I actually remember doing this question 2 years ago for the MAT
All the simple right triangles come from the √ 2, √3 and golden triangles.
Triangles with sides 1:1:√2, 1:,√3,,2 and 1:2phi:X
Which came from dividing the square, equilateral and golden triangle.
Knowing this, then no trig formula is required.
Triangles have 3 sides, that’s all I know
So it doesn't change the fact that I don't like minus and I remove it, and I am still correct
Please make video on Fourier transform.
I guess you can also write the equation as 4^2.x^4-4.5.x^2+5 and transform the equation a quadratic in terms of 4. then you can use the quadratic formula to find out what equals 4 and pull out the x value from that. a lot more work but its kinda fun that you can write a quadratic in terms of 4
Those are for sure numbers
Before solving it, you can elliminate b, c and e because it is a first quadrant. Next, 72 is greater than 60, so the sine is greater than root 3 / 2. Root 5 is about 2.2 + 5 is 7.2 and root 8 is 2 x root 2. So, (root (7.2/2))/2 is (root (3.6))/2, so a is the answer
In order to choose the right value between the + vs -sqrt5, you can compare to the value of sin45
There are a lot of ways to approach this that I took in a vastly different way and still got the same results :3
I've been your fan for so long.Could you please help me with this integral (Infinite Integral of xlnx/x+1)? Thanks in advance ❤
Omg u just took me back to trigonometric algebra thnx 💀
Thanks for improving my "trigonometry" skills
Please do integral of e^x/x dx, without Taylor or MacLaurin Series expansion. Thank you very muchA
sir please make video for calculus 3 for multivariable case
At school I just did this question. When I saw 36 degrees, the golden triangle was the first thing that came to my mind. Then using sine rule to find a relationship between sin72, sin36, and (√5-1)/2. I got the same answer. However, I tried to remove the root sign, hoping that 5+√5 could be expressed as the form ()^2. Then one hour was wasted.
how i did this was just guessing game
> neglect the negatives
now A and C are left
Sin(72) is much closer to Sin(90) which is 1
and if we just do some simple observations we can see A option is much closer to 1 and C is much closer to 0 so A is the answer :D
Sir videos help me a lot to make my concept very strong in mathematics love from India❤❤❤❤
I was hoping for a geometric solution involving a regular pentagon inscribed in a circle.
I did this mentally in 30 seconds using elimination strategy (100% accuracy).
sin72 cant be negative or 0. That eliminates options b,c,e
Comparing a and d now
sin72> sin60
sin72> root(3)/2
sin72> root(3/4)
sin72> root(6/8)
a is apx root(6.5)
d is apx root(3.5) so d is eliminated and hence a is correct answer
You could also use a simple complex numbers strategy. Let z = exp(2πi/5) which is a fifth root of unity, therefore it satisfies z^4 + z^3 + z^2 + z + 1 = 0. We know that z^4 = 1/z^2 and z^3 = 1/z so this equation becomes (z^2 + 1/z^2) + (z+1/z) + 1 = 0. We can turn this into [(z + 1/z)^2 - 2] + (z+1/z) + 1 = 0. Setting x = z+1/z gives x^2 + x - 1 = 0, which has solutions x = (-1± √5)/2. We reject the negative solution, giving us that z + 1/z = (-1+√5)/2. We know that z + 1/z = 2cos(2π/5), so cos(2π/5) = (-1+√5)/4. We use the Pythagorean identity to find that sin(2π/5) = √[(5 + √5)/8]
This MAT question was surprisingly easy🤓
can you do Singapore H3 A level math? been suffering through those although the threshold for distinction isn't that high
I think we ought to just compare the answers to sin(60) BUT to perform it differently i just did: sin(72)=sin(45+27) with addition formulae, and then again i splitted (27) as (30-3) and used same formulae. Then i approximated sin(3)~0 and cos(3)~1, last thing i did few simple divisions to compare and A is the answer :)
Based on the fact that it's multiple choice, I wonder if you could've cut straight to the analysis at the end, without doing the algebra. Like you could throw out all the non-positives right off the bat; then show that a and d both satisfies the given equation for theta = 72 deg; and then do a little geometry to show that answers a and d are actually talking about congruent triangles (a^2 + d^2 = 1); and the correct triangle is a.
Can you do integral of 1/(x^i)?
You can approximate which one it is numerically, without using the identity they give you. And yes, you can do this without a calculator, remembering sin(60 deg) is approx 0.866.
First, we can rule out the two negative choices, and zero. From our special angle sin(60 deg) = sqrt(3)/2, which is approx 0.866, we know the answer must be between this and 1. This narrows it down to option A and option D.
sqrt(5) is approx. 2.25, which we can find by linearizing sqrt(x) at x=4 to get L4(x) = 1/4*(x-4) + 2. Plug in x=5 to L4(x).
(5 + 2.25)/8 = 7.25/8 = 0.875 + 0.03125 = 0.90625.
Linearize sqrt(x) at 0.81, to get L_0.81 (x) = 5/9*(x - 0.81) + 0.9.
Plug in 0.9 to approximate the result. 5/9*0.09 + 0.9 = 0.95. This confirms option A meets the range where we expect sin(72 deg) to be.
Now try option D:
(5 - 2.25)/8 = 2.75 = 2/8 + 3/32 = 11/32 is approx 0.34
Use nearest number with rational square root of 0.36, to linearize.
L_0.36 (x) = 5/6*(x - 0.36) + 0.6
L_0.36 (x) = 5/6*(-0.02) + 0.6 = 1/6 + 0.6, is approx 0.76667. This rules out option D, and allows us to conclude option A is correct.
For the finaly answer, can I say that:
Since Sin(45)=root(2)/2,
and sin(72)>sin(45),
so the answer should be lager than root(2)/2.
And since root(5) > root(4) > 2,
and 5-root(5)
You have to go with the greater positive answer, simply because 72 is approaching 90
It would be so cool if you actually did a maths Oxford Admission. Other CZcamsrs have done it with Tom Rocks Maths.
one with the greater valve as sin is an increasing function
You should try the 2011 IMO question number 2 it is very fun
Master, try some ITA and IME from Brazil!
You can see you're going to get a quadratic formula for s², so take the positive square root. Then 72° is in a positive interval for sin, so take the positive square root again. That gives A.
Those are for sure a bunch of words, do I know what they mean, no
How often does real life come in multiple choice? As an engineer, I'll say sometimes it does, and it really saves time and effort to eliminate the answers that are clearly incorrect and go from there. In this case, one can find the right answer without doing any of the work.
One place that real life problems come in the form of multiple choice, is with product selection. You may not need an exact answer, but you just need a best-enough answer. You have a finite number of options to choose from, since manufacturers only make certain sizes.
As an example, consider the sizing of a water pipe. Suppose you are given the flow rate, the allowable pressure drop, the length and type of the pipe, and need to determine the diameter of the pipe.
This is a difficult problem to solve directly, because turbulent flow (which water usually has) doesn't have an analytic solution, and the standard equations require you to know diameter and velocity in advance. It also isn't possible to algebraically invert the combination of equations to solve for these values. But you don't start with diameter and velocity; you start with flow rate and pressure drop.
So, what you can do in practice, is use the options for diameter as inputs to the calculation, and find the corresponding flow velocity. From then on, the problem is ready for you to directly solve for pressure drop, and match it to your given data. The smallest pipe that produces a pressure drop less than the allowable pressure drop you were given, will validate selecting that pipe diameter.
To put specific numbers on my example:
Flow rate m_dot = 8 kg/s
Max allowed pressure drop deltaP = 60 kPa
Length: 20 meters
PVC pipe sizes considered: 25 mm, 35 mm, 50 mm, and 75 mm, internal diameter.
Corresponding speeds at each diameter, using m_dot = rho*v*A, solved for v:
25 mm: v = 16.3 m/s
35 mm: v = 8.31 m/s
50 mm: v = 4.07 m/s
75 mm: v = 1.81 m/s
Reynolds number at each size:
25 mm: Re = 407436
35 mm: Re = 291026
50 mm: Re = 203718
75 mm: Re = 135812
Friction factors at each size, from the Colebrook equation:
25 mm: f = 0.013
35 mm: f = 0.014
50 mm: f = 0.015
75 mm: f = 0.016
Pressure drops, from deltaP = 1/2*rho*f*(L/d)*v^2:
25 mm: deltaP = 1373 kPa
35 mm: deltaP = 273 kPa
50 mm: deltaP = 49.1 kPa
75 mm: deltaP = 6.995 kPa
Of these options, the 50 mm is the smallest choice meets the criteria. 0.479 mm would be closer, but we only care about which of the options given we'd recommend.
@@carultch Great example!
without solving:
zero is obv not the answer
it cant be negative (value is in the range [0,1])
and the one which is bigger is the answer (since it is close to sin 90, i can infer that the answer is closer to 1, so, a, yup)
did this in literal 1 minute lol
yh its literally Q1 F, these are questions you are supposed to run thought in less than 3 minutes each. The actually harder questions come up later
@@UmairMalik-rj3in ooh i didnt know that, thanks
@@UmairMalik-rj3in Wait, you are saying, you have to prove that "The answer is 'A'"?
U know already that the sinx function is increasing in the interval (0,π/2) so since 72° = 2π/5 > π/3 we have sin π/5 > sin π/3 = √3/2. And you can check that √ (5 -√5)/8 < √3/2 by calculation. So it is automatically dropped.
The 37 joke was cute 😂
Pretty sure there is an exact value for sin(36°), could use the sin(2x) formula
All 5 solutions of the original equation (0, two positive and two negative) are valid. For angles: { 0, 36, 72, 108, 144 } + k * 180 for integer k including zero. For an even k they are 0 or positive and for an odd k they are 0 or negative.
I got right until the last step rigorously, but I didn’t spot the sin(36) trick, so I had to approximate some square roots in my head which led to me having a good guess that the larger one is greater than sqrt(3)/2 and the lesser one is less than sqrt(3)/2. Since sqrt(3)/2 = sin(60), the answer follows.
Somewhere around 24/25
Before you showed the answer, I squeezed the answer to be greater than root 3 / 4, and used inequalities to prove that +-root 5 cannot be negative 😂
What a way of solving the issue - understand the properties of the value you are dealing with - in this instance sin 72 was simply greater than sin 60 ...
My idea to solve this even without the given equation would be to draw a unique 72/18/90 deg right triangle. The only thing we need to do now is to scale it to the proper size. It is obvious the answer is either A or D so we know side/hypotenuse ratio and can pick them to fit the answer. At this point i dont have a pen and paper to actually go forward. Any thoughts?
That's nice but the proper angle doesn't drawable so can only approximate the value .
@@MATHS_FOR_FUN u dont draw to look at it u draw just to visualize the relations for angles and side lengths lol
@@MATHS_FOR_FUN the proper angle is drawable: you just need more than a ruler and compass...
I can calculate value of trigo ratios degree... 5,105,18,20,22.5,5,,.25........
Nobody ever remembers that 5x angle formula and it takes a while to derive. I’d stop at 3x for 54 and 2x at 36 and know that 54 + 36 = 90 so sin of one is cos of another. You’ll find sin18 in two minutes.
Why Theta is not equal to 72/5?
Sin 18 is( root 5 - 1)/ 4... expanding sin 4theta in sin 2 theta form and then expanding sin 2 theta in sin theta form will get us the answe
I saw the blue pen 😂
I finally got something right in one of these videos :D
Wow I'm speechless you are legendry so MAT for who ?
Hi bprp, I have "found" an interesting thing, if you compute the integral of the function x^(ln(x)/ln(1/2)) from 0 to infinity i dont' know why but you will get the square root of pi in the result. I will be really happy if you can make a video about this, thanks.👍👍
It must turn into the Gaussian integral after replacing x with e^t
This is so useful
You shoudl try the joint enterance exam advanced 2016 paper. Its a tough pill!
Agreed
You mean a tough suppository?
Please send the paper
jeeadv.ac.in/past_qps/2016_2.pdf
This ones for shift 2
For me in India we were taught sin,cos,tan of 18,72,7½ so on angles and i actually remember sin72 as =√10+2√5÷2√2
Wait WHAT
@@andromeda16384 yes and more than these it's not necessary to remember all of them but we need to remember multiples of 36
Actually it is
sin 72° = ¼√(10 + 2√5))
sin 36° = ¼√(10 − 2√5))
and you also have
sin 18° = ¼(√5 − 1)
sin 54° = ¼(√5 + 1)
I also know all this by heart and no, I'm not from India.
I don’t know what any of that stuff means :)
@@NadiehFan oh yeah it's ¼ for all and damn nice bro
In India we were asked to memorise special angles (18,72,36,54)..
Most schools do that, that's why they specifically asked you to find it given the equation at hand. "I remember sin(72) from memory" would not be a valid answer
@@asd-wd5bj When there are multiple choices use memories. But not in the description.
∆ABC, AB=AC=1 and ∠A=36°
Let D is on AC such that AD=BD
then ∠BDC=∠C=72°
and ∆ABC~∆BCD (AA)
Let AD=BC=a
( cos72°=√[1-(a/2)²] )
then 1:a=a:(1-a)
=> a²=1-a
=> a=(-1+√5)/2
Thus cos72°=√(a+3)/2
=√[2(5+√5)]/4
Can we just eliminate the minus because we dont like it? I laughed so hard 🤣
It is another way of asking about pi/5. We will have to solve a 5th degree poĺynomial.
Pls make the proof for sqrt of a+sqrt of a - sqrt of a so on
Can you solve this high school integral
∫(1+xcosx)dx/x(1-x^(2)*e^(2sinx))
please solve this limit for me, I am trying to figure out this from long time lim x - 0 ((1+x)^1/x-r+ex/2)/x²
I'm sorry but I couldn't understand that your question text states sin(5(theta)) I thought it said sin(50), you really could do with writing the question more clearly.
72*5 is 360 and we know sin360 is 0 and in the end it becomes a matter of getting the correct zero
Why can't you just draw a sin graph to determine sin(72)>sin(36)
You could.
I guess the unit circle is just a more natural way to think about sin and cos
Come to India these are the basics
nope
i got this question for 11th grade
Plzzz
Solve a^a=a
Looking at the problem, lol, I'm guessing you can take theta = 12...we know sin(60), and that is sin(5 theta)...replace all the theta's with 12's, etc, lol...then, of course, one has to solve an equation of degree 5, etc, not sure about that...the moment one has sin(12), knowing sin(60) (I don't actually remember what sin(60) was, lol, it was either 1/2 or sqrt(3)/2, but it's something that is usually known), one can easily find sin(5theta + theta) using the sum formula, something like sin(x+y)=sin(x)cos(y) + sin(y) cos(x) or something like that, don't quote me on that one, lol...that is, we would know sin(72)=sin(5x12 + 12), etc...perhaps that's the trick, the only part I don't see is how to solve the degree 5 equation, maybe the fact that there are no 4th nor 2nd degrees will help, lol...if it weren't for that part, I would consider I basically solved it, lol...I mean, of course, it's not like I actually know the sum formula or the sin(60), etc...72 might also be a multiple of 18?...Ah, yeah, lol...perhaps that would be an easier way?...But it's not like we know what the sin(18) is, traditionally, etc...we could use sin(90) = sin(18 + 72), etc, using the sum formula and the formula provided in the video, etc...at any rate, maybe that would avoid solving a quintic...at any rate, lol, my first thoughts on how one could try to solve this problem...
Maybe 18 would indeed be better, lol...I mean...90=18x5, 72=18x4...we know what sin(90) is, lol, that would give us an equation involving sin(18), but a quintic again...hmm...it's the quintic I'm not certain about...
Ok, maybe one can reduce the 5th of the equation to something else, using some square angle formulas or something...I think there was a formula somewhere that involved sin(2theta) = some function of [sin^2 (theta)]...that might reduce sin^5(theat)=sin^2(2theta) * sin(theta), etc, we can perhaps use some identity to get rid of the 5th, and even the third of the polynomial...in other words, it would probably be manageable if I remembered more trigonometry, lol...I don't remember any identities...
👍 job