Lebanese Civil War of 1958 - Lebanon Crisis DOCUMENTARY
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- čas přidán 13. 08. 2021
- Our historical documentary series on the history of the Cold War continues with a video on the Lebanese Civil War of 1958. It was the year of the first post-independence crisis in Lebanon, as various political and religious groups fought each other supported by various states in the Middle East and global powers - US and USSR.
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#ColdWar #Lebanon #1958
As a Lebanese my self I can tell you that this crisis is nothing compared to what we live through today and thanks for making a video about my country were always forgotten in Historical Channels
No crisis faced by any country is comparable to what we are facing. We are fucked. No. More than that! We need a new word for it
I'm sorry to hear that :(
Please change love to live, it is ruining the seriousness of your comment
@@sarthakmaan7075 thanks for telling me I dint notice it :)
Hey, do you have a good (english?) source for an outsider how the whole country can be in ruins after 1 big explosion?
There is a logic explanation, but i dont know it
As a lebanese i tell you this is the best and clearest explanation of the 1958 crisis the 1975 civil war was way more complicated with local and regional factions fighting each other and conflicts with in the same factions good luck till then thank you for your effort
A truly illuminating video. I was a Marine in Lebanon, in 1983, with the Multinational Peacekeeping Force. If only your video had been around and been used to educate my comrades before we stormed the Beirut Beaches (much like our '58 brothers) to crowds of civilian onlookers. No sunbathers as it was nighttime. This history was unknown to the vast majority of us. A pity as it would have given us a much needed bit of perspective as to why we were there and what we were doing. Thank You for this.
An ignorant Marine is a good Marine.
@@michelnormandin8068 LOL...Not even close to true.
Same question have been raised by your mates those went to vietnam and later on to afghanistan and iraq.
When you guys came here,our older generation welcomed you as peacekeepers to protect them from the massacres the 1982 invasion had been leaving in it's wake. Many of us wanted to believe you came here in neutrality to keep the peace however we Lebanese saw the USS New Jersey firing,bombarding,supporting one side of the war and giving cover fire for an invading army. We lost faith in you,the Americans and the French and even Italians. And because of that blunder you became marked as hostile foreign forces and thus appropriate action was to be taken. It doesn't matter which group attacked the barracks because everyone was keen on it. I hope you understand marine that what we did was protect our country and people from outside forces that came in under the guise of keeping the peace and then revealed their true motives
Remember: Everything about this entire crisis is ALL about politics. The government isnt going to tell you ANYTHING other than to "follow orders".
You did what you were told. But in the end, the foolishness of the UN did not do anything to make things better.
This nation seems to go from modern tragedy to cluster f@#& and back again every few years. Most Lebanese I have known have been hard working, generous, warm and very hospitable people. This area is like the balkans of the Middle East. What a sad future to face.
My experience also.
Most people are hard-working especially when they're immigrants
I knew a Serbian and Bosnian who both left the Former Yugoslavia because of the War. Guess what when they were here in Sydney they were both brothers. Because they speak the same language. One was Christian Orthodox and other Sunni Muslim. Guess what they ate together and families spent together with one another. I realised that politics is what causes division. Religion, culture or whatever People in nature are always one. We are Maronite Christians but we at the same time visit Alawite, Shia and Sunni Muslims. You can see all the love when they greet one another and have meals together. But when politics is discussed even with one another say a Muslim or Muslim you can sense the tension. But this has been going on in Lebanon for 1500 years since Arab started invasion of Byzantine lands
Thanks to Western European colonization
most places not long from now will start experiencing the beginning of similar issues
I did two tours in south Lebanon one in 2007 & then again in 2016. Truly beautiful country and beautiful people
its sad that we are one of the shittiest country these days, we are in deep deep shit, we barely have electricity, water, fuel, medications and many more bad things, visiting Lebanon now is like commiting suicide, there is nothing to do here but hate this country, i hate Lebanon we are suffering day by day i really can't wait for the day i leave this country and find a better future somewhere else, its truly a fucking shithole now
And in 2021 still as you said ...
The Cold War, can you please make a video about Thailand during the Cold War. That way, you can talk about the numerous on-and-off military governments that Thailand has had throughout the Cold War. Thank you very much.
Also Turkey
Also Iceland.
Also deez
@@hagdore Iceland and Greenland...
@@JohnDoe-pv2iu And Madagascar....
Ireland sent peacekeepers to leb, I as a proud Irish man pray for peace for them and the region
Ireland always sends peacekeepers to Lebanon. Your country has always stood by ours in a genuine way and we see that. We thank you sincerely.
@@Outlaw4Life888 we love your country, your people are polite and kind, I don't know any soldier who could say bad things about Lebanon, be proud of who you and your country are
Thank you all for standing with us through these rough times, you guys are truly good people 😊
@@user-el2yw1kb5h I hope for good times so I can holiday in your country without issue, not all white people are bad 👍😅
@@fistingendakenny8781 thank you lol
The 1975-1990 lebanese civil was is one of the more deadly wars percentage wise actually, about 10% of the total lebanese population died, like 200k out of 3 million or something
💞🇱🇧🇸🇾💞.
🙏🤲
Also one of the most complicated conflicts to come across, like the current Syrian civil war but with a sweet sparkle of Cold War thrown in there.
I wish them good luck if they ever want to cover it, it’s an absolute havoc with countless massacres on all sides and, most importantly, is still extremely taboo and biased in Lebanese views (no one ever mentions it, it’s still way too soon) so it’s probably extremely complicated to get hold of the full truth.
Another great episode, neutral viewpoint and good commentary, keep 'em coming!
Much appreciated!
We Wish to Feature about Indonesia under Suharto and the Philippines under Ferdinand Marcos
Yes I agree with this statement
YES PLEASE!! Would be a great episode that one!
Marcos the great Thief😹😹😹
Thanks David! This is a complex mess and your historic background is an excellent start. Can't wait for more on the Lebanese microcosm.
It is a very complex story with a multitude of constantly moving parts...We will circle back to Lebanon as we move forward on the time line but it might be a bit ;)
general chehab is the mvp of this situation his neutrality makes sure lebanese armed forces did not intervene in the crisis
not really, the Lebanese armed forced became non-existent during the Lebanese civil war, actually one of the victims of the civil war, the rift between its officers was too severe and it caused the Lebanese army to split.
@@mohammadjaafar1496 sad to hear that... But was it a personal weakness of the General Chehab or just reflection of the general situation in the country?
The best knowledge of this came from when it was mentioned in “We didn’t start the fire”
Your content is amazing!!
As a historian specialized in Middle East studies I have to compliment you sir, great work. Accurate and extremely objective despite the complexity of the region with its continuous changing alliances between all the groups.
I was always only vaguely familiar with the complicated events in Lebanon, so I find this video very interesting.
Glad it was helpful!
Wait until you hear about the civil war of 1975
You mentioned the British sending troops to Jordan. You should expand more about this interesting incident
my family lived through these times but left halfway through the 2nd, bigger, civil war. my grandparents had settled there from armenian towns that today are turkish. i hope to one day make the circle and settle in armenia and never leave no matter what happens.
Respecr to Armenia and Sorry for what happened in Karabakh. American and Israeli support of Erdogan is accelerating his "Neo Ottoman Empire", hopefully Russian power doesn't dissolve as the West wants otherwise there might not be an Armenia in 10 years...
I'm Lebanese. This hits hard.
What does?
sjoormen1 my "Airey"
I had just processed in to the 1st Recon Bn 1st Mar Div. Two weeks later, me and 12 other new Marines were sent to Camp Lejeune, and joined C Co 2nd Recon Bn 2nd Mar Div. We were on 4 hour standby until the Lebanon crisis was over.
Semper Fi dude
23:25 qasim was no arab nationalist, unlike his fellow coup officers he wanted to build a strong iraq before any talk of unification with other arab states while the others including his closest friend called for immediate unification with Egypt and Syria. their front soon fell apart after a few months and qasim took full control and imprisoned and even executed some of his fellow officers.
Great video. Would love to see more videos about the events in the Middle East countries and the role they played in the greater conflict between the West and the USSR.
Nice video on this event through the 1950s and the alignment of different countries. Cheers
Glad you enjoyed it
@@TheColdWarTV You, David and your team bring to light the events that is not talked about. Cheers
Great Video! Thanks.
Shamone was so popular that Michael Jackson integrated his name in one of his moves.
Great stuff
Fun fact: Actor Harvey Keitel was deployed in Lebanon during the Lebanon Crisis
Love your works!!❤️ Please make a video on Bangladesh Liberation War.
great video
i really love this channel.. that is all
thank you for the words of support!
Thank you for Covering Lebanon
0:19 I did not. The title gave it away lol.
As civil wars go the Lebanon one is up there
Indeed
Lebanon is the bosnia and herzegovina of the middle east
@@joshuacondell1686 and what did Israel? 2 face
@@joshuacondell1686 no they massacred people in Lebanon. Israel = terrorist state
@@joshuacondell1686 funny the only country supported facsists in Lebanon are Israel and SLA and Israel cooporated to do massacres when did Lebanese army enter Israel and started do massacres inside Israel 🤣 I am waiting.
thank you for this! hopefully you get to cover the bigger civil war! hehe :)
That will likely be several videos to cover as not only did the Civil War last much longer but involved a multitude of different aspects (Iran, Syria, Israel, PLO, Soviet Union, USA, etc), all changing over time. It is a huge topic.
@@TheColdWarTV oh yeah definitely :) too much to condense in only one, and seeing how much effort you put into this one, i'll be looking forward to it, if it'll ever happen! thanks!!
Excellent !
Do the Video about the Death of Francisco Franco and Spanish Transition to Democracy
That happened in the 70s. This channel doesn't just skip ahead in time on specific events like that.
@@creatoruser736 then when does it?
There is a video on Franco's siding with NATO and it does mention a little bit after his death. It sounds like they have that planed for a later video. We have one on Korea and haven't touched Vietnam yet. Cuban Missile Crisis is also due. Give it time, we are still in the 50s.
Lebanon Crisis is like DC movies because you have to put the year behind to specify which version you mean.
Hopefully they can achive a better future for themself at some point
"Join our country, you'll be autonomous in it anyway!"
Mult-religious? Sure, but where do you get 'multi-ethnic'? Over my life, I've known Lebanese Christians (both Maronite and Melkite) and Lebanese Muslims. I don't think I've ever met a Druse, but I attended a Lebanese Orthodox Church for a while. I had two employers who were Lebanese. All of the Lebanese I've ever known, Christian or Muslim, identified ethnically as Arabs.
Jovan Weismiller - Believe it or not, there's quite a strong Lebanese Druse
population, in the Western Suburbs here in Sydney Australia. With the first
of them migrating in some number, during the Lebanese Civil War of the
1970s.
We also have a lage Maronite Christian community also from Lebanon, and
representatives of the other two large Communities, the Sunni and Shia Muslims,
though you are right when you say that none of these gruops describes
themselves as anything other than Arabs down here, either.
Arab is a cultural identity. Nothing more.
I can assure you that there is a sizable Lebanese Druze population. My knowledge comes from personal experience having been a Marine stationed in Lebanon with the Multi-National Peacekeeping Force. Yet, I'm not surprised that you have never met a Lebanese Druze. The Druze culture is more insular than any of the other ethno/religious populations. For example, the Druze prohibit marriage to anyone outside their community under penalty of being ostracized. Their self-perception is as a small minority that has suffered persecution from all the larger groups. The histories and myths of each group are the foundation of each group's different ethnic identity and are, at least, a !,000 years old. These are very old traditions. Most surprising, to me, was the seemingly growing perception, amongst the younger generations (teens and 20's), of seeing themselves not as christian arabs or muslim arabs but as "Phoenicians". A truly ancient people. Perhaps that ethnic identity can help quell the fractionation, along religious lines, that has devastated their land these many centuries. BTW, the Druze militia were the best fighters we fought against while there, by far.
@@tjmul3381 Very interesting, TJ. Thank you for your contribution
According to Wikipedia 95% of Lebanese are Arabs and 4% are Armenians. Seems like they're the most homogeneous country in the Levant after Jordan.
Thanks
Can’t wait for the start of the Space Race, you guys should make a video on the run up too the launch of Sputnik and the American and Soviet Rocket programs.
I remember learning about the structure of the Lebanese government a few years ago and finding it to be fascinating. Are there any other governments in the world so meticulously constructed along ethno-religious lines? Thank you for this video.
Stay well out there everybody, and God bless you, friends. ✝️ :)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Great video as always thank you. i wish to learn more about afghanistan in the cold war in future episodes
Finaly historian with decent presentation.
More of this please. How was the cold war in the backdrop of all civil wars in new nation states around the world? Everywhere.
Yes--the Congo is another case in point.
0:52 French mandate period (Sykes-Picot agreement) & demographics of the region
2:43 Beginning of an independent Lebanese state
The National Covenant (1943) 3:52
5:54 Muslim-Christian power struggle in Lebanon
President Bechara El Khoury forced to resign after Fouad Chehab refuses to intervene
Camille Chamoun takes reins
7:44 Gamal Abdel Nasser gains power in Egypt
Internal struggles regarding Lebanon's foreign policy
Eisenhower doctrine (1957)
12:47 Controversial election (1958)
16:17 United Arab Republic in 1958 (Egypt & Syria merge) & consequent events in Lebanon
23:13 Fall of Hashemite dynasty in Iraq in 14 July Revolution which prompted US Government to arrange Operation Blue Bat
Note: CIA Director Allen Dulles (also involved in Guatemala's Banana Republic)
26:16 Chamoun steps down & events in the UN
To be fair, the Lebanese Christians have a decent reason to be afraid of UAR, Nasser wasn't very friendly towards Egypt's native Christian community if I recall correctly...
That's rubbish. Nasser was a close friend of former Coptic Patriarch Kyrillos, and the latter successfully lobbied Nasser to loosen ancient laws restricting Church construction in Egypt. In fact, Egypt's main and largest Cathedral, that of Saint Mark's in Cairo (which was also the largest in the region) was built and consecrated during Nasser's reign in 1968. The ceremony was attended by Nasser himself alongside Ethiopian Emperor Selaisse who was invited. Any animosity that may have existed, was centered on Nasser's economic nationalization policies which conflicted with the interests of wealthy Christian business owners.
Wait what? Nasser was quite popular amongst Egyptian christians. I’m not sure where you got the idea otherwise
@@samyebeid4534 I was gonna say. Nasser reigned in much of the rhetoric of al-Azhar and was very much supported by the Coptic Christian community. His message was not Muslim centric, it was pan-Arab, transcending just religious boundaries.
it was due to arabism than anything religious. He targeted coptic christians and their connection to their pre-arab identity. In Syria, UAR policies targeted non-arab christian groups (like the Armenians and Assyrians), non-arab muslims (like the Kurds, Circassians, and Turkmen), and the Yazidi ethno-religious group.
@@avedji uh, I mean you’re just wrong though. It would be right to say that of Baathists, not Nasser.
Camille Chamoun a Giant of Lebanon...the King !
I hope you will make a video on Nasser's Yemeni intervention.
thanks for your great videos! could you make a video about the crisis in Bizerte in the North of Tunisia. At that time our first president Habib Bourguiba, who was pro-western, threatened to change his alliance if the US didn´t put pressure on France to leave the base of Sidi Hmed. The Soviet Union showed his interest in further cooperation, that didn´t happen of course.
I have so much respect for lebenan now
Your take on Cold War Southern Africa would be quite interesting.
Can you do a video of Finland during the Cold war. How it balanced between soviet east and capitalist west
thank you! Even our media couldn't do such thing
Why did you insert movie clips from the 1967 Six day war?
Can you make a video about the Hmong secret war in Laos along with the Laotian civil war and US involvement?
Yes it’s highly complicated and difficulty but can you cover the Civil War from 1975-1990?? Cold War had big effects on it.
Watching this after waltz of bashir
That's 20 years later.
@@MrGreghome oh lmao 😂😂
@6:20 I almost felt an earthquake there for a second.
Cold War, please do stuff in the Vietnam Cambodia war, the Cambodian genocide, and how the Russo and China dealt with these two nations in the late 1970s and 1980s
we will get there but we have others events to cover in our timeline before we get there. Patience will be rewarded!
@@TheColdWarTV I honestly can’t believe you guys responded to me, thank you for the response i will be patient
as a Lebanese i must say it's an amazing video! very well explained and super objective. Unfortunately, look what religion does to people! it destroys communities. Until the lebanese community learns to put patriotism ahead of religion, problems will never end
That's exactly what happened. Lebanon was peaceful under islamic rule. Now it's war torn under patriotism and Arabism
Theres nothing to be proud of, the arab country borders were all made by Europeans, why focus on the temporary life when we can focus on the afterlife, put your religion over anything else
No thanks. Lebanon is the only country in the Middle East with a Christian representation, the Maronites are indigenous to the land, we will not allow to happen to us what has happened in our middle eastern countries.
As a Lebanese, Lebanon is a Maronite country and was founded by the maronites and shall remain one.
@@user-ni7qg8ld3bYes Lebanon will always remain Maronite!
Where the Cold War mech at? I’ve got some kings and generals shirts already!
Hey , Can you do a video about the Military Junta of Greece and the Invasion of Cyprus . How the USA and Great Britain played a silent role on it . Thanks !
The closeup quartering shots are a bit awkward. You should reconsider.
🇱🇧✝️
Can't wait for the ww3 series
Or cold war 2 idk
I wouldn't object waiting a bit longer for those :-)
You know you're too tired when watching a video when you think it says, "NASA overthrew the monarchy of Iraq."
The audio content is excellent! However, this is MARRED by inappropriate, irrelevant and misleading visual footage. Please only show us footage that matches the audio, or just show us MAPS or David talking! Cheers!
Hey The Cold War---Are you going to make a video on Congressmen "Charlie Wilson." I really hope you do. And soon. My compliments on all those who made this video a reality.
I wouldn't necessarily call 1956 a victory for Nasser, more of an intervention and diplomatic victory, Egypt was routed on the battlefield. Also, a little more backstory on the origin of Lebanon would be appropriate. The original Lebanon was half the size and had a solid Christian majority. The French enlarged it after WW1 and brought many Muslims under Lebanese rule that had previously probably considered themselves Syrian. The French then proceeded to rule the Mandate in a similar fashion to how they ruled Algeria, that is to say with the Muslims as second class citizens.
@Anthony Mcdonnell They didn't ask to be a part of Lebanon, the Maronites got greedy and wanted to enlarge their state for economic reasons.
@Anthony Mcdonnell Not sure all the history, but if the Maronite state confined itself to the Christian majority areas after WW1, I'm sure we wouldn't see the issues we see today. You have to respect the demographic realities instead of empire building.
@@AllGoodThings607 I guarantee no matter what happened there still would eventually be conflict. Arabs cant live without it.
Does anyone know what the outro song is?
Broke: US-Soviet proxy conflicts
Woke: Three way free for all civil war in Yugoslavia
Ascended: Lebanon civil wars (wtf!)
Happy to learn this is part of Kings and Generals.
I m lebanese i just watched your document we need government like the one in singapore
Is that a dodge van at 545?
Wow
Minute 02:30 Wasn't the Rum Ortodox minority, larger than the Druze minority?
Yes. Idk why he left that out.
there's like 18 denominations he aint honna namedrop every one of em
no i thought you d say Lebanon as its in the title
Should know this but is the Gemayel family still in leadership in Lebanon?
The Lebanese forces have Become the biggest christian party but the gemayels aren't part of it . they are in the kataaeb
@@that_lebanese4747
Thank you
@@timfronimos459 and just for context the kataeb are allies of the Lebanese forces but not the same . There leader is bachir's nephew and bachir's son is a member of the parliament with them
"You thought I was going to say Israel?"
I mean... I read the title so I can't say it's very impressive I thought of Lebanon.
There's something missing as you didn't talk about the baghdad pact
More I watch this channel, more I think we lived in a Cold War 2.0 version... At least in my country Brazil.
7:39 Jawahar Lal 🙏🏾
I thought for sure you had done a Afghanistan video.
Article 95 that you mention didn’t exist in the 1926 constitution, it was introduced with the second constitution, the Taef Accord constitution, and it was the first time that sectarian-based distribution of seats in parliament was ever mentioned. The earlier constitution didn’t refer to sects or who gets what, the unwritten National Accord took care of that.
Misses many fundamental facts: Christians were the majority of the people there, with the Maronies being the largest. The Muslims were a minority, while the Druze and Alawites forming about 8 percent. So, discussing Maronite-Sunni as if it was all about them is wrong. And the Shia is forgotten altogether, so none of you would know why they are the central power in that country now
A few missing info to point out, in 1949, the syrian social nationalist party, led by Antoun Saadeh and funded by Syria have attempted a coup d'état which failed and led to the latter's execution. The SSNP later took revenge by killing Riad el Solh In Jordan in 1953. As for the reign of Chamoun it was quite popular, since at that time much of the public institutions like the Lebanese university, the ministry of agriculture, middle east airlines were brought to light. As for political repression, it was at its peak with the Chehab government's second bureau. Poverty levels at that time were about 19%, although if we look at the statistics, no main religious sect was poorer than the rest. Speaking of sects, the Christians still formed the majority of Lebanese until at least 1976, when most of the major Christian areas were under the control of either PLO (and it's allies) or the syrians. The Kataeb /National Liberal party/ Gardians of the Cedars never took up arms before 1959, a year after the 1958 crisis had happened. Back then, they fought with WW2 weapons left by the French.
Seems like no country can have peaceful co existence between different groups. Even in Belgium, where the only difference is the language, relations are tense.
What is a Druz?
Druze.
We're going through some bad stuff right now in Lebanon. Another civil war maybe?
Religion isn’t what divides us in Lebanon anymore bro.. politics is.. the pro-Syrian-Iran anti-West camp and the anti-Syrian pro-Western camp.
@@Outlaw4Life888 religion still does. Shias and Sunnis hate each other. Christians are the only ones divided politically. But Muslims are divided by sects.
Possibly...sadly
The factions ended the civil war because there was nothing to gain from fighting and went back to sharing power. What is really needed is to get rid of the incumbent factions because of their incompetence and corruption.
Nasser's "victory" over the British and French in the "Suez Crisis' isn't an inaccurate statement. The British and French paratroopers swept aside all Egyptian resistance, at the same time the Israelis defeated the Egyptian Army in the Sinai. President Eisenhower who wasn't consulted by the British or French, put a lot of pressure on Anthony Eden, the British Prime Minister, to withdraw the British and French forces and Eden backed down, which cost him what had been a successful political career. The Soviets were also agitating about getting involved although at the same time they were brutally crushing the Hungarian Revolt in September and October 1966, which took a lot of their forces. The events in Egypt were put in play when Nasser seized the Suez Canal from a publicly traded corporation, in which Britain and France held a majority of the shares. It had been built by a Anglo-French combine run by a French engineer named de Lesseps. The seizure was seen as a threat to the economies of Britain and France, the Israelis were about to get into a war with Egypt and told the French. The French told the British, specifically Eden, and between them they decided to make their move to "protect the canal" and leave Eisenhower in the dark. Had Eisenhower not taken the stand he did there'd be no talk about "Nasser's victory" over anyone, unless the point is to disregard reality. Humiliating Eden put a lot of stress on NATO and eventually led to France withdrawing from the alliance. At the same time the "Suez Crisis" gave the Soviets a carte blanche to do what they did in Hungary. Soviet soldiers had been told American paratroopers had dropped in Budapest, which wasn't true, and they slaughtered the civilian Hungarian resistance, who put up an amazing fight considering what they had and what they were up against. All this took place before there were ICBMs so the possibility of a world war was more likely, which Eisenhower saw as a big issue. That had a lot more to do with how these events played out than anything else.
6:21 Walla
These people waged civil war…then their kids turned up 100 notches!
👍
07:24
Egypt definitely did not win during the Sues Crisis. I don’t think the modern nation of Egypt ever won a war
lebanese people find a good peaceful solution for yourselves to live happy with each other and be safe and secure , look what happened to the whole geographical area , be just toward each other and respect Life as in all living beings
Please can you make arabic substitles
Really, (pre-VAIL-ent) really.
(RE-verred)
Is English your first language? Just Curious
strange you brought Nikolai Krushchev , at the termination of the second world war he had promised the Lebanese that if they joined the Soviets he will garantee that in two weeks no foreign army will ever be and or remain in Lebanon so figure out how lack of information mislead people