JWST had a Turbulent History, but was worth it.
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- čas přidán 10. 05. 2024
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The James Webb Space Telescope, or JWST, is the greatest telescope ever constructed. But between ballooning budgets, a decade and a half of launch delays, and a huge controversy over the name; getting this thing into space was a nightmare.
Nick Lucid - Host, Writer, Editor, Animator
Em Lucid - Producer
Thanks to Mr. Beat for the cameo:
/ @iammrbeat
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SOURCES
NASA's Report on James Webb:
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JWST History:
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TIME CODES
00:00 Cold Open
00:39 Brainstorming JWST
02:06 Budget Problems
03:44 Launch Delays
05:03 Named after James Webb
05:33 Inflammatory Quote
06:13 Origin of Misinformation
07:22 Mr. Beat on the State Department
09:02 James Webb as the Deputy Secretary
09:49 The Lavender Scare
11:30 James Webb's Involvement
12:25 Executive Order 10450
13:06 Summary
13:55 Nebula Ad
14:15 Outro
15:24 Featured Comment
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nah
@@acombo That's fine. I'm not pressuring you.
💀@@ScienceAsylum
5:16 Dr. Angela Collier @acollierastro has some great data points regarding Webb and the naming of the 'scope. very funny. Webb has nothing to do with space, he was just simply an administrator from Dept. of State brought in to manage NASA for a time period. He had no real discoveries or anything significant that he himself contributed other than just Administrating. 🤣 czcams.com/video/18aA36pUIbc/video.html
Ur not a good listener.
You are not able too see.
But it's all just for funnies......
The first design was for an 8,000-mile-diameter space telescope, but building a World Wide Webb telescope proved to be problematic.
😂
😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
Ironically, there actually is such a world-wide networked telescope set up to get that 8,000 mile diameter. It's called the Event Horizon telescope, and that's how we've gotten the images we have of the M86 super massive black hole, as well as Sagittarius A*
For now.
Learning history is supposed to bother us. That's how we learn to be better
That's one of the best youtube comments I've ever read...
Fair point.
Year, turns out they were right in the 50's, now communists are in power everywhere.
@@Wisteriu Not really I've seen way better
History that doesn't upset people is just public relations.
Update- I now have grass! I've been watching the grass grow for a few days now!
Good to hear!
Watching the launch live was my personal moon landing experience, I was obsessed with it for weeks!
Cool. I didn't watch it launch, but I did see it in person when it was being built.
How high did your heart rate get. I watched the launch myself. 145 with worry and stress
@@highlander723 I was stressed till we got well calibrated images from it.
it was such a awesome launch, my family did see me disappear at the Christmas party lol, to bad I was the only one neerding out on it
@@zblurth855 I was alone too 😭 I tried explaining my mom how much of a big deal it was, but she was all like "As long as you're happy sweetie."
It's a misunderstood thing; trying to do something that's never been done means treading in unknown places = inevitable that errors be made while learning. The American CERN got canceled too by yet more who don't understand the pioneering process
Yeah people that try to cancel other people because they don't agree with narratives or responsible for more damage in scientific progress than anything else
You want to spend trillions on science, great. Spend YOUR trillions. Public moneys are not yours to play with.
@@snex000 Science develops technology to improve your life. It's very important for humanity. It should absolutely be funded by tax money. You should instead be complaining about the trillions spent per year on the military just to meddle with other countries to start wars.
@@ChinnuWoW Science that produces results will be invested in on its own, because investors like profits. The government only gets in the way, as you clearly saw in this video. It's nothing but grifters taking their cut while the actual project budget explodes and goes overdue. Stop engaging in whataboutism. This is NOT what tax dollars are for. There shouldn't even BE tax dollars.
@@snex000 OMG you know that fundamental science is one of the best investment a government can make as it is estimated that every dollar spend in it increases the gpd by 7$
you know creation of jobs, a LOT of new technologies (if you know what a book is you can find one dedicated to all the new tech that descended from the Apollo program)
Also I hope you do not enjoy the internet or GPS or anything that needed infrastructure and development by public money lol
Nick, I probably overuse this; but this may be your best video yet. Learning about history *should* make one upset, as that is the only way we can avoid repeating it.
I think the title was a little misleading I was expecting a technical video about the challenges and building it not seven minute history lesson about the namesake.
If you get upset about history, you might not want to read about Genghis Khan.
@@joho0 but the mongols are an exception to everything in history.
The goal is not to "learn" about history but to feel superior to people of the past and to virtue signal.
It seems to me that the cancel crowd* don't try to "avoid" doing the same mistakes as McCarthy and friends, they just try to emulate him for the other side.
*I am not talking about Science Asylum
@@MusicalRaichuHow are they an exception?
You finally made a history video! lol
😆 Researching this was BRUTAL! I have a newfound appreciation for history YTers.
Well hello, Mr. Beat! ❤
I appreciate the deep dive into the history surrounding the name for this telescope.
"Hexagons are the best-agons."
Someone has been watching CGP Grey.
Yes! This is exactly what I was thinking! How long before he mentions @CGPGrey 's bees 🐝
I love when Mr Beat interrupts people’s videos
That spectrum diagram of the EM ranges of JWST and Hubble was really cool to see. I wonder what the other telescopes would look like on that graph?
Thanks! I spent _entirely too much_ time on that graphic.
@@ScienceAsylum Your worked paid off. It really showed how wide the EM range of JWST is.
It was the only good technical part of the video
@@highlander723 I actually intended this month's video to be a technical video about the telescope, but the video had other plans.
@@ScienceAsylum Hey make whatever video you want. Just make the title reflect the content. Its too clickbaity, you are better than that!
After one year of operation and exciting results: No one asks about the money anymore 😂
We still ask about how long it took.
@@chrimonyGood thing you have videos like this to answer, then.
@@jayjasespud There's no good answer. They messed up.
Northrop Grumman was charging $1m for each day it remained inside the clean chamber at Redondo Beach. The fact that some NG employees messed the spacecraft component and added months in delays at the end it benefited the company
That's fucked up
I always thought not naming the telescope to a scientist was the weird thing.
Oh yeah, it's definitely weird. It's just not _offensive._
@@ScienceAsylum yeah I learned more about Webb (the person) only recently. You explained it very well. Turns out Webb actually tried working against bigotry.
But we also must not forget the environment is a major influencer on behavior and people tend to be scared of things they don’t understand. Doesn’t mean they are evil though.
On behalf of all overly-straightforward people, thank you Mr. Beat for the heads clarification
We made the JWST battery. It took so long, they had us make a whole new battery that hadn't been in storage for so long.
woah
I hope eventually we can see them make the big boy. Twice the size, 3 times the wavelength coverage, and launched less than a decade after inception.
plans are on the table.... its going to be called the Carl Sagan observatory
I really enjoyed this video format.
Well done, Not because I specifically enjoyed this video, but because I think others will too, obviously.
The dirt lawn segment was especially spot on.
Yay! Glad you are on Nebula now :)
Me too!
The Nebula seems to be expanding, as predicted by astronomers
@@fep_ptcp883😆
The way Mr.Beat pulls that off deserves some kind of award!
I love the dry humor 😆
Wow, this one went down some rabbit holes! I'm sure glad that JWST is a success.
The budget is actually tiny when you consider that it’s not coming from a country, but basicly a continent. You can’t even see it’s tiny fraction of the total spending. Then there’s inflation. But the most important things are the advances we are getting back from it. And it would probably be possible to calculate a value for that (although in the future when these things have happened), would be interesting to see a cost/benefit calculation for something like this. Like all the stuff that came from the Apollo missions that’s provided decades of new science and tech.
Doesn't matter, still all funded by stolen tax payer wealth. The only stolen wealth that can be justified is the wealth going to millitary and courts. Outside of that, everything should be in the private sector exclusively.
Come for the science, stay for the thoughtful and incisive historical perspective.
I wished you could have said more about why it was decided that the Webb Telescope would focus exclusively on the IR range, while Hubble was more on the visible and UV. And what can be investigated in each regime.
I doubt there's more than what has already been said in this video and others.
Longer wavelengths can see earlier parts of the universe which we couldn't see before. We don't really know what we're going to see with it, and that's the value of this telescope that you wouldn't get from something that is merely better than Hubble.
PBS Space Time did a good video on it already: czcams.com/video/kw-Rs6I2H5s/video.html I had nothing to add.
Great historical essay.
When you have to do this big project and you are the first ones to do it,..
Advancements are not easy to achieve
The large hadron cost about 5 billion, plus a billion a year running costs plus upgrades plus plus plus. The next one is already more than 20 billion...... estimated.
The one factor which applies to every telescope is
"Size Matters".
Alright, that's a pretty solid investigation of the historical record, and I'm glad to be made aware of it. In general I would say I'm apprehensive naming things after people though. I'd rather we just didn't. But I'll own the fact that this is mostly a vague emotional position that I can't rationalize, and I wouldn't expect that to mean anything.
The show "For All Mankind" touched on the lavender scare in and around NASA. The "scare" was that people with a different sexual orientation were more vulnerable to blackmail because they would be ostracized by society and would lose their job at NASA if it became public.
You'd think the solution was to _not_ ostracize them, so that they'd be _less_ vulnerable... but at the time, they decided to do the exact opposite and just double down on the paranoia.
(the show is pretty good for the first two seasons or so btw)
So you think changing the mindset of all Americans about a group of people would have been easier than preventing a small minority of people from occupying certain jobs? People who are more vulnerable to blackmail have always been a national security threat.
@@MrAlRats I mean, they made it worse, and the gay people are just going to hide and keep working. It's not exactly a genius strategy.
@@MrAlRats If you control whether you hire them, you can make it clear that you won't fire people for that reason, and that you'd support them through any hardships they face.
@@MrAlRats Yeah, becaue I highly doubt that "all Americans" had that mindset.
And making things worse for vulnerable people only makes them even more vulnerable. So that angle is completely backwards anyway.
@@bierrollerful You're delusional. The vast majority of people in America at the time found homosexuality to be disgusting. Most people would disown their children if they came out as homosexual. Homosexuals were legitimately concerned about being ostracised by their family members and friends. And anybody who has a secret can be blackmailed into leaking classified info or sabotaging critical projects. Making vulnerable people more vulnerable is not a concern. National security is far more important.
Great video as always. The JWST is truly a wondrous accomplishment and shows what the human race is capable of when we put our minds and investment to it.
Great explanation of a complicated topic! I also appreciate the Futurama reference. Nothing like being entertained and educated at the same time. Thank you for what you do!
This is amazing. Thank you for the deep dive into the history.
It'd be cool if the telescope was 10m in diameter.
100m would be even cooler. A constellation of JWSTs at each planet's oitside Lagrange point forming a real-time telescope of dozens of AU in diameter would be nuts, and completely possible with today's technology.
Hi. What do you use to make the Timeline graphics used in the video? I like the visuals.
It's After Effects. I designed the graphic myself as a template a few years ago and then update it periodically (when I learn new things).
Another great video. Mr. Beat was a good addition.
Agree. I was happy to have him make an appearance.
I disagree. The Mr Beat skit spent a minute to say what could have been said in 10 seconds, in order to tell lame jokes.
@@brothermine2292 Ah, you prefer pure educational content. Mr Beat and I make EDUtainment content. You seem to be in a _slightly_ wrong corner of CZcams.
@@ScienceAsylum : Why would you conclude that because I found Mr Beat's humor lame, that I don't appreciate your humor more? The fact that I've viewed many of your videos is strong evidence that you're mistaken.
So, the main takeaway is, hexagons are bestagons.
Solid takeaway 👍
"the buck stops here" sign continues to be the most ironic object ever to occupy the oval office
This was really good! I really liked the history and background content tied into the science! Definitely make more of these! 🎉❤
Great video, just wondering what you think of the James Webb discovery of DMS on K218B?
I think it's cool if it's true, but I'm not going to get too excited until follow-ups are done.
wow. I'm old. I still remember salivating over Kepler being launched 2 years before they launched it.
I was lucky enough to take a tour of Tinsley Lab's facility (then recently acquired by L3) when they were working on JWST mirrors. Little did I know how long it would take to get them to L2!
... and that's why the politicians managing the JWT program were sent to UK, to manage the HS2.program.
Hexagons ARE the Bestagons!
shoutout to your- no, THE best april's fool joke
If limited budget can build something like this, just imagine what humans can build if there are no war and no military spendings.
Not much, rockets were developed by the military.
@@wally7856 Because something arose from X doesn't mean it had to arise from X or otherwise not exist. In the world OP is imagining, some other path would most certainly exist.
@@Sonny_McMacsson Then he needs to stop imagining and wake up. In a world full of humans, war and military spending is how technology moves forward.
@@wally7856 False, most scientific advancement was made purely for the sake of scientific curiosity.
@@wally7856 No, he doesn't. How things are isn't a good reason to keep them that way or not aim for better. Humans doing something also isn't definitive evidence that humans are innately that way. I'd say imagination and want to improve is more awake than someone asleep justifying the status quo.
Also, the military and war being what moves tech forward is B.S. and it should be obvious enough that's the case. It being A way doesn't make it essential nor mean other things ways don't. Many of us have made things because we like to do it and military applications were never a factor.
Hexagons are the bestagons! I just recently rewatched that video. Yesterday in fact and it was so good that I watched it twice.
I just love the historical perspective you show us! Thanks Professor Nick!
Congrats on getting in on Nebula!! You once told me that you'd love to, and now you're there. Awesome. (Also, I know it's been about two weeks since you posted this and you probably won't see it, but I'm super happy for you.)
Thanks! It's been a long time coming. It should provide some stability 👍
The thing that always bugs me about criticisms of NASA that focus on the spending, is it's not like the 10 billion dollars ended up floating in space; it was wages and material costs. It went *into* the economy. The people and organisations that make and build the stuff got the money. Sure the materials end up in space, but the money ultimately just goes back into the economy where it goes round and round compensating people for their time, and then being spent to compensate other people for their time, who then spend it to compensate *more* people for their time. Also, as you say, NASA is far from a significant portion of US spending...
You can say the same thing about the defence budget (ignoring the corruption) and almost all government spending.
You're ultimately saying that NASA is good because it's a "job creator." But that metric isn't valuable because the jobs here could be something worthless and then real people would waste real time on something that has no value.
Ultimately, you do have to defend the value of science to defend NASA. The problem with everyone else is that they don't value science.
@@johnsmith34 Or, you could just leave science to the private sector and you still get things like iPhones, etc . . . .
@@fewwiggle Some things should get done even if they aren't profitable. The private sector won't do those things.
"The mid-1900s..."
Oh, lort. I AM SO OLD.
I saw it while it was being built. I wanted to tighten a bolt, but they would let me (just wanted to be able to say I worked on it) lol.
😆
Marvel: Avengers Affinity War is the most ambitious crossover event in history
The Science Asylum and Mr Beat: allow us to introduce ourselves
13:37 love the reference
Building the Webb was the equivalent of a Xerox money printer.
Nice collab!
Thanks! We're friends, so making cameos in each other's videos isn't uncommon.
I would go with Telescopy McTelescopeface to avoid controversy.
Funny that: Antony Blinken -> A. Blinken -> Abe Lincoln
I would totally be cool with scopey mcscopeface.
Big shoutout to ESA and Ariane Space as well.
LMFAO the "i thought nasa was apart of the exec branch" part 🤭
Thaks for the history leason. The history of science is a passions of mine. Your should do more, the timeline is great.
It's also a passion of mine. I can't fully understand something until I get into the history behind it.
@@ScienceAsylum Can judge it through the lens of today's standards versus standards of the time? Just asking
Thank you European Space Agency for launching JWST, and for doing a fantastic job extending its lifetime!!!! 👏🏼🚀
The aliens should help pay back all we invested trying to locate them. Heck, they’ll probably do the same when they see us.
PLEASE do a video on spinors!
Thanks for the incredible summary, had this at the back of my head for sometime
Glad it was helpful! 🙂
True, but that space CGI are worth it.
Didn't see that you had popped up on Nebula, nice, instant follow.
13:37 "hexagos are the bestagons" ✨
Keep posting we're watching, large view count don't matter if their not "loyal" views. You'll always have "crazie" fan in me.
I made something a little different than usual and a lot of people don't like that. I bet the video will find its audience eventually. #NoRegrets
@@ScienceAsylum at least your not taking sponsorships that might compromise your fan loyalty 😂 take the sponsorship but still have a critical thinking and probing point of view. I think the formula for you have works great, simple explanations, no "wooing" the crowd with jargon, or focusing on visuals without a comprehensive explanation. Among your peers, you were the one that started my interest in science, I downloaded your book (free pdf, forgive me🥺) and I like your approach with the clones, and "people in the comments typing", and having your loving wife be apart of your growth. 💪 Great men aren't supposed to please everybody, only those that matter lol To put it simply, when I watch one of your peers videos, I gotta rewatch it a couple time to understand (go figure) but I only have to watch your videos once to understand.
Adapt or Atrophy: ten years of remixes is a great intro into Everything but the Girl
Not a site I would think to go to for history, but well done. Thanks!❤️
"I don't have any grass" lol! instant classic!
😂
All that, just for Space Cletus to get drunk and shoot a hole in it.
It's frustrating having learned in school that after a million (with factors of a thousand) there's a milliard (not in english of course), after which comes a billion and thousand times this billion there's a billiard and so forth.
science shouldn't have this many unclear terms depending on language
JWST is a mirror-cle.... Nick missed an opportunity 😂😂😂
😆 Good one.
Whoa! That was a trip! Excellent video!!
...unfolded et cetera. Pun intended.
Good to see you in good shape Nick. 🤗
How do you always make videos about things I had random conversation about the same day?
Maybe I'm reading your mind? 🤔 Nah.
1:05 rule 5-6 subsection B best practices: Follow engineers flow chart- if it moves, but it is not supposed to = duct tape - if it doesn't move, and it is supposed to = WD-40
I've never heard of the lavender scare. This is a really important video.
Everyone should know about it.
As Senator Everett Dirksen from Illinois once said, "A few billion here, a few billion there, and pretty soon your talking about real money". $10,000,000,000 is a very small drop in a very large bucket.
Thanks for this view back over this wonderful telescope!
Glad you enjoyed it!
@@ScienceAsylum always!
This Mr. Beat-Guy looks like he was present at the demon core incident....
i loved this new style of video so much!!
Thanks!
The Keyboard Warrior Clone, lowkey has good questions 😅
I always had an interest in optics more so since my exams in spatial relations.
Yeah I can imagine it must have been, with those spiderrs and all
"...but I don't have any grass!"
- Mr. Beat
What we learned today?
Hexagons are bestagons!
Jokes aside, is hurtful to know you can stand for equality to the point of resigning a very important job, just to have a few people in the future decades accusing you of being exactly the kind of person you opposed for the sake of visibility and controversy. Almost as hurtful as admitting the budget for spacial investigation is so small... almost as hurtful as recognizing in the present day that were facing the same social problems we faced 70 years ago and learned almost nothing.
Yes. Learning history isn't always a pleasant experience, specially when politics come to the table. But is necessary if we want to build a better world. Thank you for sharing this with us.
Thank you Mr Nick Lucid, much love from South Africa
They probably had to spend a few millions more just to investigate about this quote
What’s a 10 metre meer?
Ah, there it is. I'm honestly surprised it took so long for someone to comment this.
Hey Nick. Any plans to include the feature comment in Nebula videos? I know on Nebula there is no ads but it feels like a cool part of the community is lost. Came here to see what it was.
Awesome video about the James Webb telescope 👌✨✨✨✨✨
I was thinking about something unrelated to this video.
Since the universe is expanding, you can say the future of every object points away from us.
It's analog to being in a 4 dimensional universe where the direction of time points away from the origin.
I am not sure if it works with relativity since i didn't study all the equations.
I can explain more if someone wants.
Another video from my favorite channel
Hexagon are definitely the bestagons 😂
Brilliant video...I have a question ... You can also take it as a challenge... Why do all neutron stars, magnetars, pulsars and black holes shoot jets of particles onky from their poles and not from equator.... We know that if something gets really close to black hole it is impossible to get out of its enormous gravitational pull... So how can black holes shoot particles with so high velocities from its poles despite its super strong gravitational well. Does frame dragging plays a role or what is actually happening at the point... Are those particles coming from inside the blackholes? What is happening over here... Is the black hole not spinning and only the accretion disc spins... That is causing a lot of confusion... I would appreciate it if you reply to my comment... In addition to replying to this comment, I humbly request you to make a video on this topic... As it is very counter intuitive..
*"Why do all neutron stars, magnetars, pulsars and black holes shoot jets of particles onky from their poles and not from equator?"*
Actually, the poles the jets come out of are the _magnetic_ poles, not the geographic poles. For neutrons stars, those magnetic poles are no necessarily aligned with their geographic poles. That's how you get pulsars. The magnetic poles are moving around in a circle as the neutron star rotates. As for black holes, their poles _always_ align. The magnetic field of a black hole is really the magnetic field of the accretion disk, which is required (by spacetime geometry) to be around the black hole's equator. Either way though, it's a magnetic field that is causing the jets, so the jets always come out of the _magnetic_ poles.
*"Are those particles coming from inside the black holes?"*
No, nothing can escape from inside a black hole. Plenty of stuff escapes from outside it though. That's where the particles in the jets come from. They're moving at speeds close to that of light, so they can escape from the region just outside the event horizon.
*"Is the black hole not spinning...?"*
The black hole is a region of space and that space is rotating. I have an old video on this: czcams.com/video/mF0-CKXUktU/video.html
*"...and only the accretion disc spins?"*
Fun Fact: The accretion disk can spin either with or against the black hole's spin. Which one is happening determines how close the matter in the disk can get to the black hole before it falls in.
@@ScienceAsylum Thank you so much for this valuable response, Nick.. You are amazing... If it was some other CZcamsr he has not even bothered to reply.. The respect for you in my heart has imcreased enormously... God bless you always.. Can you please answer one last question why do particles shoot out from magnetic poles only... I can't make an intuitive animation in my mind need your help regarding this.
@@physicslover1950 That would take an entire video to explain properly, but here's the short version: Charged particles are affected by magnetic fields and these insanely strong fields have shapes that channel those particles to the poles.
@@ScienceAsylum But I am trying to apply Fleming's right had rule and left hand rule but still can't get it... It would be highly helpful if you make a video on that.. Please Nick
@@physicslover1950It's now the Left Hand rule, for actual electron flow. The Right hand Rule was for older hole flow. fingers curl in the direction of rotation of the magnetic lines of force, and the thumb points in the direction of electron flow.
Definitely the craziest episode I've ever seen!
13:38 Hexagons ARE the bestagons, indeed!
Question - discussed before but you are a great explainer :
How can universe even theoretically be infinite when it started small and is getting bigger. Its only had 14 billion years - really just a number - how can it possibly be anywhere near infinite yet?
As I understand it, the universe was infinite at the very beginning (assuming we accept that it is infinite) -- though there is a chicken and an egg kind of thing going on there . . .
The Big Bang occurred everywhere in that infinity (or instantly created that infinity).
So, what was "small" was the initial distance of one 'thing' from another, and it has been the distances (space) that have been expanding. IOW, infinite space has just been getting 'infinitier', aka, 'bigger' . . .
Hexagons are without any doubt the bestagons.