Dark Matter Isn't Just Dark. It's Invisible.
Vložit
- čas přidán 20. 05. 2024
- We know for sure that dark matter exists. The question remains: What is it made of? Is it rogue planets? Black holes? Neutron stars? A bunch of tiny particles like neutrinos? Let's look at the likelihood of each.
Nick Lucid - Host/Writer/Editor/Animator
Eric Aspling - Researcher
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
Dark Matter Exists:
• Dark Matter Exists. He...
Earth in your Hand:
• If Earth Was Small, Co...
________________________________
RELATED CZcams VIDEOS
PBS Space Time on Neutrinos:
• Will A New Neutrino Ch...
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
/ scienceasylum
CZcams Membership:
/ @scienceasylum
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/a...
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceas...
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Counselors:
Matthew O'Connor, Nikolaos Vasiloglou II
Asylum Orderlies:
Dhruv Singhal, Fabio Manzini, Josiah Gleaton, Medec Hurtz
Einsteinium Crazies:
Bosphorus, Eoin O'Sullivan, Ilya Yashin, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, Ken Davis, Sean K, Wacky, Blank NA, Flying Monkey
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Kevin MacLean, Madhu Subbu, Rick Myers
Platinum Crazies:
André Weyermann, Benjamin Dixon, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, Jon Adams, Jonathan Reel, Kyle Bowles, LT Marshall, Marcus Barcelos, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, Patrick Mathieson, Stephen Blinn, Stephen Gailey, Tom Hawking, Vittorio Monaco, Don Wilshe
________________________________
OTHER SOURCES
arxiv.org/abs/1603.03797
arxiv.org/abs/1303.1521
arxiv.org/abs/1512.05353
arxiv.org/abs/1902.06511
arxiv.org/abs/1502.01884
arxiv.org/abs/1710.11129
ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/S...
ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/S...
ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/S...
astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/...
iopscience.iop.org/article/10...
www.forbes.com/sites/startswi...
/ ask-ethan-do-neutrinos...
www.preposterousuniverse.com/...
slate.com/technology/2014/02/...
www.nobelprize.org/prizes/the...
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
• If Earth Was Small, Co...
• If Earth Was Small, Co...
• If Earth Was Small, Co...
• If Earth Was Small, Co...
________________________________
IMAGE CREDITS
Globular Cluster:
images.nasa.gov/details-GSFC_...
ProtoDUNE:
cds.cern.ch/record/2288139
List of Baryons:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of...
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00 Cold Open
00:32 What does she already know?
01:00 Modified Gravity
02:11 Massive and Compact Halo Objects
03:30 Properties of Dark Matter
06:37 Weakly Interacting Massive Particles
09:31 Neutrinos
11:42 Cold Dark Matter
12:59 Sterile Neutrinos
15:08 Summary
15:48 Outro
16:02 Featured Comment
“Back up neutrino I did not consent to this” haha love it. Really digging this format, Nick knows so much and Emily asked great questions :)
Yeah I hope they get lots of audience engagement however perceived including obviously lots and lots of views-wild that she is no longer teaching or a student as she has always been since probably single digit ages this Northern Hemisphere Fall(she shared on the lesser known Nick Lucid self titled channel)-I wish I was her maybe or something haha wow exciting that he is getting various stuff written for him by lots of contributors he has said but this is different clearly-I haven’t taught since Covid started to be clear early last year in the USA🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯🤖🎬🗽🌈✔️♾☮️💟🌌😻😍😘🥰😎
Thanks Jade!
Hay i love both you guys 👍🤗
@@ScienceAsylum bro algorithm favors you, you show up in my recommendation
I wish my wife was interested in this stuff. Instead she calls me nerd. Lol. I think it is lack of interest cuz she is pretty smart but doesn’t apply it to anything I like hahaha.
Nick - judging from the overwhelming positive feedback u received by hosting Emily on your Dark Matter episode, as your natural, delightful, smart and curious conversation partner - instead of the awkward character played by ur nerdy alter Nick - I think that you guys may want to consider doing this together in the future! Other than being a scientist herself, I think that because she apparently knows what ticks you, but she is also respecting your lead, she is adding a delightful dimension to your podcasts that ur alter Nick character didn't have. As one of your observant reviewers said, "you as a physisict and her as a biologist are having a great chemistry together!"
Keep on adding crazy great content about hard to explain physics topics that few event attempt to get near!
I don't take Dark matter seriously either, might as well joke it up with the mansplaining format hahaha
i LOVE alter-Nick. Please don't kill him.
Started this, thought I wasn't interested, and ended up watching the whole thing. You're a great educator.
Right!?
If the educator is good, fancy graphics and or animations are not required. Such a fantastic, informative and weirdly relaxing episode! Please do more like this every now and then!
"Weirdly relaxing"... Yes, you're exactly right.
The dialogue format slows it down in a very nice way. Also, our favorite crazy gets calmed down by his significant other apparently ;) Great vid :)
I am not even going to try to pronounce your name
No
@@imperialeagle564 I'd guess it's greek, that may help.
@@imperialeagle564
😂 With those Alien characters, me neither. Lol
You are one hell of a teacher. Everyone would learn more if they had teachers as inspired and passionate about the subject as you. And your wife is a great addition to the video. Wishing you both well and until next time... 💜
I personally think everyone would learn more if they used the internet for learning instead of watching memes. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
Totally Nick and his wife are a good couple. He is a great teacher, and she is a complimentary personality with an inquisitive spirit. I have learned a lot from Nick's videos, like the one on tensors, because they are funny and passionate!
@@TheTubejunky exactly
There seems to be a rather unwelcome tendency in modern physics towards sort of mystification. This video wonderfully demystifies the dark matter thing. Great job!
I don't think that's a tendency in the actual science, so much as in trying to communicate what the science means to those outside the field. The predictions and behaviors produced at the leading edges of science, particularly anything that is particle physics or relativity adjacent, are so unintuitive that it's difficult to explain them without making it sound a little 'woo' somewhere down the chain. There's a reason that whole swaths of the scientists who work on these regularly tell grad students to "Just Do The Math, Don't Try To Figure Out What It 'Means' ".. that model/math works amazingly well but trying to fit it into any kind of picture that our human-scale brains can grapple with just doesn't really happen. How many videos are there just on this channel diving into how certain explanations of quantum or relativity phenomenon which are historically considered quite good give rise to critical misunderstandings of some aspect of what's Actually Going On?
@@jellorelic I get your point and that's why science teachers like Nick are important for their ability to simplify complex concepts so that people like myself can get a clue about what's going on in science. Cheers.
@@jellorelic another problem, is the voice of the mystifiers tend to drown out the people with legitimate information. It's just so much easier to take some half truths and make the rest up, that there are many more people who do this rather than the hard work.
Lol, you can trace this back to the infamous Dr. Quantum double slit experiment animation where the explanation for the observer effect is *magic*
@@quark-soup fiction. Fiction is a better way to describe something that doesn't exist.
Mysticism implies fiction and reality overlap in some way.
Okay, _these_ are my actual relationship goals.
I like that Awkward M knows just enough about the subject to probably match most viewers. Like, she's not totally clueless about basic physics concepts, which would make these videos a drag. It's also really good that she sometimes takes things and rephrases them in simpler terms that are much easier to understand. TLDR: Make more of these videos! 😊
The "cold open" was cool.. that keeps me intrested in the video..
Thank Nick 😄
It also made me think this'd get into talk of symmetry experiments because whenever I hear someone talk about that, that's exactly how it sounds like :D
THE most underrated Science channel on youtube!!
It is so awesome the way you can explain, simplifying, without dumbing down some exceptional concepts.
Thank you both for this video, it was really educational and at the same time very enioyable.
I've said this before: For me personally, you have a talent when it comes to explaining these kinds of things. No other science channel comes close to this.
If I remember correctly from an older video, I think you've been a teacher. I can only Imagine how great your classes must have been and how many young people you managed to inspire to become our future Nicks.
Thanks 🙂
Agreed. His explanation powers are GOD LIKE!
@@hetmodi7578 Or, perhaps Unified Field like, lol... (Cheers 4 being good sports in advance!) ;)
M brings out good answers !!
Sabine has great content too !!
But she doesn't have " FAST FAST ! "
Amazing M's questions and reactions seemed considerably more... organic than what I'm used to from the clones.
I really enjoyed this and such a great way to convey a clouded-up concept that is dark matter.
Well she is a biologist so you can expect organic :P
@@storyspren 😂
This was a great idea for a video. Having a guest who is scientifically literate but doesn't have a really advanced physics degree is a great stand-in for what I expect the audience's level of understanding to be. This was really a lot of fun!
This is the clearest explanation of dark matter I've ever seen. Straight to favorites!
Awesome episode, Nick
Haha he never liked your comment
Thanks Jens!
@@oyibechibundu628 His comment was only posted 14 hours ago. Give me some time. Jeez!
This was nice. I feel like I’m getting the grasp of dark matter really is. Thank you both!
Glad you enjoyed it! 🤓
If you do then let us know, cause we know so little about it lol
Well, you can't get a GRASP. He told us that :D
It's a lot enjoyable to see this, I'll be honest to ya. Not to mention how well it's all comprehensible.
I've actually watched every one of these kinda videos and it seems like all of these help in understanding what kind of problems the Physics community actually faces.
All I'm asking you to do is keep doing these videos with your wife. She's awesome!
The input of Awkward M is indeed valuable. This is basically demonstrating what a teacher of mine used to say: Most of my colleagues start preparing a lesson with the question "How do I explain this to my wife?" And he claimed it was a pretty good start.
I’m pretty sure that the *Dark Matter* particles also use *Surfshark* . That masks their location. Hence: We can’t detect them.
How do you like this explanation?
😂😂
Seriously, u r on 2 sth here, Chris!! I saw u made Nick laugh, too! So, along the lines of your comment, I'm wondering whether the String Theories - better yet, hypotheses - have anything to say about dark matter. I'm wondering whether dark matter is escaping our detection because she is hidden in some of those extra dimensions the Stringers hypothesize!
Great chemistry
This was wonderful. Awkward M filled in for all of us!
The look M gives at 12:25 is all of us.
She did indeed.
THANK YOU for this session. This was most informative overview of Dark Matter. The parts about massless matter, stuff being non-electro magnetic; spin determines interaction with weak force; really got my attention.
I feel your wife’s frustration and curiosity at a deep level. I would be asking the same question as well! This is a very well done format that I think you should regularly post. It’s such a 1-1 conversation type education that is hard to get anywhere.
It’s both fun, educational, and entertaining. Teachers have bad tendency of over simplyfing or over complicating theories- and you somehow found the perfect middle ground by having someone (your wife) be the middle man(woman?).
I hope to see more of this!
I love this format. Your interaction between you two make it really entertaining to learn. Thanks for making this!
This really is just about one of the best science channels on CZcams. Well done you two. I'd love to see Nick do one of the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures over here in the UK - he'd be brilliant at engaging the audience.
I love these videos. The interaction between you and your wife is fantastic. Her questions are really helpful drawing out the detail.
I am so grateful I came across your channel on my first day of vacation. I have allot to catch up on and so much to share with my kids. I love hearing others nerd out about things they are legitimately interested in. It's contagious!
One intuition of mass for me is like, "a measure of resistance of an object to acceleration by an external force" and another intuition is "the thing what causes gravity to move objects closer together" and yet another is "it's energy, but the kind that specifically distorts spacetime" and it gets hard to reconcile these sometimes.
Especially for our chimp brains hahaha oh man the more we learn the more we know that we don't know! It's great though, the thirst for knowledge can't be quenched so we'll always have something to enjoy!
Energy of all kinds distort spacetime
Excusez-moi... What kind of energy does not distort spacetime? (answer, none) [Edit: Ah, beaten by Enthalpy]
PBS spacetime channel did a really good explanation of the difference between fermions and bosons you might find interesting
"it's energy, but the kind that specifically distorts spacetime" -> All energy distorts spacetime.
Edit: Note to self: read other replies first.
"Different is such a polite word for it". The other word is one of our favorites here: "A little crazy".
And yes, Dark matter is only a little crazy. Quantum mechanics has some really crazy corners.
What a great video Nick! Make more of these!
I know it's only what we see here..but I love your relationship. I love how passionate he is to teach you and us and how you're willing to listen and you're engaged. It's a win win.
What i like about this is that it takes me slowley because of the explanation process,
Great interaction and easy to digest information. Great Video.
The way you explain a lot of things makes it so much easier to understand. I've always loved the passion behind it too. Your wife explains it all perfectly at around 14:30 lol.
Hearing Emily talk about how overwhelmed she felt by all the information and contrasting it with my own reaction (just review of stuff I'd already heard several times) reminds me of how some students feel when I'm tutoring them in algebra and I'm moving too fast. I have to remember that the stuff that seems really simple and intuitive to me is new to them and they need time absorb it and let it sink in. It can be so easy to get comfortable in out knowledge and forget that we once struggled to understand things that seem obvious now, but being a teacher means you have to remember that experience of the information being new and overwhelming and stuff not all making sense. I think most of us have had a teacher who clearly doesn't remember that experience because they expect everyone to understand everything right away and won't make allowances for those who are clearly trying but struggling.
It's easy to see that Nick remembers though, because he's always anticipating potential questions people will ask and preemptively answering them.
That's why, when people ask me for good introductory material (in some area of programming, that's my field), I usually pass - I typically taught myself based on an already fairly high level of understanding related topics, I have no clue what good introductory material would be! (But at least I know I have no clue. And I'm not a teacher.)
True story.
Grate episode! At first I was sceptic in this format with questions and answers, but it turns great! Tempo is a little bit slower than usual, but facts stay longer in memory, it is my impression. Emily and you are so qute together! Five stars!
This is a really cool way to teach! I love the format, please do more :)
Started this thinking will watch half now and the other half at night. Never knew when it got over.
Great video as always, thanks for making this amazing content!
Greatest video on this subject. That was very fun to watch, I love this format!
really enjoy the interaction and hearing the conversation in real time. Great Job to BOTH of You !!!!
🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟
You usually make really good videos! But this was... also really good! Thank to both of you!
Wonderful. May I say the interaction brings the information down to earth. Love you two. Love the kowledge and the way you do itl. Thank you. Raphael NYC
We need more Awkward M. The way you two interact is entertaining to watch.
This is a great format style!! Keep em coming!
I really like these interviews because I'm a biologist but I've also been getting really into physics in the last several years, so I feel each side of the interview.
This channel has explained and entertained better than any class I ever took. Also, it’s instilled a curiosity to learn even more!
Excellent conversation. Definitely did the format and flow.
Thanks, this made a lot of things more clear for me. Great questions and answers and great vibe :)
A) Love this format. It really does help to collect what you've taught in other videos and summarize it in a digestible way. B) Seriously; relationship goals. You guys are awesome.
Glad you liked it! 🤓
@@ScienceAsylum 😃
Hey! The upcoming Vera Rubin Observatory might just answer the mystery she discovered and named!
THank you for this episode, Professor. It was heartwarming!
That's the reason I click on stuff I (assumed I) alread knew. All your videos are awesome but this format in particular might just hit the jackpot. Honest: you made it confortable and cool for everybody. MACHOSs and WIMPs checked! (And that wasn't even the weirdest thing you said) BTW, the 99% of the Proton mass being made by masless things just humbles me down a lil' bit ;) Well done you guys!!!
Glad you're back
I'm loving the acronyms xD This video taught me some pretty darn cool stuff, keep up the good work!
Loved it! You two are perfect together. More of these types of videos please.
Awkward M is awesome! Great decision to involve her in your excellent videos. Thanks Nick, you’re a lucky man! 🧑🏼🔬
I really like these videos with you explaining things to your wife. Although your normal videos are awesome and I find them to be the best way for me to learn advance concepts as I am dyslexic, these provide another ‘way’ to get things to make sense. Keep up the awesome work! =]
7:05 is a really interesting question! Mind you I am still trying to get used to Dark Matter not clumping like you just said. Quite a delightful video, power packed with clear explanation :-)
As always, great job Nick, keep up your excellent work!
I'm loving this format Nick, you're so incredibly smart and fantastic at explaining this stuff, and your wife is fantastic at question asking to help the understanding. Def need more of this.
If I had any friends, the first and probably the only channel I would recommend. So worth watching and happy to find someone who speaks my language. Love you Nick ❤️
The elusiveness of most of the universe is mind-blowing. My brain is loosening it’s grasp on the ungraspable every day. Obviously, things that we can grasp don’t really matter. Funny how grasping things makes us feel secure.
I love this format, keep it going, really enjoyable to watch
Fantastic video - loved every second of it!
I applaude. This is hands down one of the best videos I've watched on this channel and that is not a light compliment. Also, we now want a wife clone!
She is a Biologist indeed. Careful what you wish for! lol
I love learning about Dark Matter and this time you trying to explain it to your wife was so funny plus you guys make a great team! I would love to see more content like this! :3
Love this series of videos and these conversations ;D
I think this has been my favorite of your videos so far
I was like:
- Hmm... a longer video from Nick. Okay, let's jump into it.
Some time later, watching the video
- Does he mention the sponsore halfway of the video?... [checking the progress bar] WHAT?!? All 17 minutes passed?! :-O
I didn't felt time passing this fast since high school where I had some good teachers who was teaching interestingly and made it joyable.
Thank you for being this good teacher!
That's great to hear 🤓
This was awesome. You must make more videos of this kind!
Powerful video, you have increased my understanding of dark or invisible matter. Please keep making videos on standard model and even on Gravity which is not in standard model.
5:49 Hang on. That just means it can't clump around itself. Since it is affected by gravity, it should still be able to clump around ordinary matter. So shouldn't we expect to find it around massive dense objects like neutron stars and black holes?
And double hang on. Dark matter might not interact electromagnetically, but it's still fermionic matter. Which means once we have enough of it to be bound gravitationally, it can't collapse to a point. The Fermi repulsion should give it structure.
I was wondering this too, but how do we know it's fermionic matter and not made of bosons?
Neutrinos are fermions, but we don't have any evidence that suggests dark matter _must_ be fermionic. There are proposals for bosonic dark matter. I just didn't cover them in this video because they're outside the standard model.
@@ScienceAsylum can you explain a little bit better why dark matter can't clump in asteroids, planets, whatevs?
I find it logic (somehow) but I'm not grasping the reasons behind it
@@ScienceAsylum Ah okay. That changes things considerably. Still, I don't think they could be bosonic. Aren't bosons mostly massless? And the ones that do have mass are unstable and don't exist freely in the universe. Although, I suppose that would fulfil the non-self-interacting property of dark matter. If it were bosons, they'd just pass right through each other without interacting.
@@davidcroft95 my understanding was because it didn't lose energy from interactions, so it would just keep moving, I imagine it would be kind of like how we use planets to slingshot spacecraft, it doesn't lose momentum only changes direction from gravity, which is why it becomes so diffuse, gravity on small scales is just too weak.
I think it might make more sense to think of it as frictionless? At least that's my impression, friction is born from electromagnetism right? So without it, no friction? Think about how far a hockey puck hit fast goes on ice(low friction) vs like, concrete or something.
Idk, that's just how I'm thinking of it.
These are such great videos.
With the miniature i was afraid of what i will discover in this video, but yeah they knew what they were talking about and they are great pedagog!! Thanks you for your hard work
Really enjoyed this video! Excellent information!
We are surely but slowly going to comic book world lol
Great video, very entertaining and informative
Thank you for making these videos
You're welcome. Thanks for watching 🙂
I've watched your other video about dark matter two, the one you released two months ago, and I found this better.
I LOVE your synergy together.
That was a fantastic explanation! I think that is the first time that I legitimately grasped what dark matter is (or could be) and how it worked.
Glad I could help 🤓
Here are my two personalities when I am learning physics: the teacher who makes the student think and the student who makes the teacher think.
Both are great, I hope more teachers make the students think, and aren't afraid of letting their students make them think.
Watching you guys collab always makes my mind wander to Jim Al-Khalili and Quantum Biology. Probably because I’m trying to process everything you’re talking about. Either way, I love any talk about neutrinos because I have a hard time understanding exactly where they fit into our reality.
Another lovely video on this channel. Liked.
Your wife is extremelly nice and help us vocalize our questions!
I asume 99.999999999999999 of all viewers are thinking "why is my wife/girlfriend not speaking about stuff I love with me like her"
By her questions, and the apparent unfamiliarity with the subject, I suspect Nick's wife normally doesn't either. It's a rare exception she made, for the sake of Nick's video... she probably lost a bet or something :-D
5:20 And as on cue, I find this video (that had somehow escaped me), and here's the explanation/info I should've come across before asking my other question earlier today :)
You're a great science educator, sir.
My brain is sizzling!
I do wonder however how much editing and cutting was done to produce this.
Thanks guys, wonderful as always.
The raw footage is 75 minutes long, so quite a bit of editing.
Great video! I really like all of your videos. I have one question though: why is there almost no invisible matter in our vicinity, and a lot in the outskirts of the galaxies? Cheers!
I'm really curious to get an answer to this if there is any
WIMPs are expected to be pretty uniformly distributed throughout a galaxy. It's just that a solar system isn't very big comparatively, so that volume wouldn't have much in it.
A simple yet amazing explanation of dark matter. Thank you for this video.
Outstanding Q and A. It got me to asking even more questions. You and your wife make a wonderful team.
This video could have gone on for hours and Id watch it, Nick is a great teacher.
"What do you know about dark matter?"
Oh! Isn't that the villain from Kirby's Dream Land 2? He shows up in a few other games too.
It is also an awesome sci fi action series, just for the record (which has nothing to do with Dark Matter BTW)
Love this conversation format of explainers, thanks to M for taking the role of listeners like us starting from the videos on interpretations of QM! I bet Nick also enjoys having these back and forth exchanges :) Hoping to see more of this.
It helps me gauge what I need to focus more time on, which is extremely helpful with weird topics like this.
This is a great video !! I'm curious if we'll find a 4th neutrino as speculated in physics news lately. Thanks again to both of you for this excellent discussion about dark matter, and stay a little crazy!
If we found a 4th neutrino, it would imply an entire 4th "generation" of particles in the standard model. That would be huge.
@@ScienceAsylum Yeah, that would be huge! I wonder what it will take to solve this dark matter mystery. We need a breakthrough soon. Let us know if you find out anything new and thanks again - awesome youtube channel !!
This is a great format for learning... Thanks 👍
When a Biologist teams up with a Physicist, You get an educational and fun content!
Y’all are both two nerds lol. And I love that y’all get along so well. Maybe there is someone for everyone, so I’ll keep hanging around and waiting to attract mine. I love it though that she is a biologist and you’re a physicist, and y’all get along so well. I guess I’m saying that there is a lot of respect between both of you.
Really enjoying these videos.
These are great. Thanks to you and your awesome partner.
Ok.... After intently watching this video, I decided that I will think of dark matter as neutrinos. It is the only way that I won't obsess about dark matter at night instead of sleeping.
Ghost matter would be a cool name
True!