Abdulla Galadari: Jesus in the Qur'an, Intertextual Polysemy, and Qur'anic Hermeneutics
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- čas přidán 8. 07. 2024
- In this video I talk with friend and fellow scholar Abdulla Galadari. Dr. Galadari is an associate professor in Islamic Studies at Khalifa University. He received his Ph.D. in Islamic Studies from the University of Aberdeen and his work focuses on Qur'anic hermeneutics and intertextual relationships between Biblical literature and the Qur'an. He is the author of Qur’anic Hermeneutics: Between Science, History, and the Bible (2018) as well as Spiritual Meanings of the Hajj Rituals: A Philological Approach. He has written many important articles in both English and Arabic about the Qur'an and the Bible.
I this interview we discuss Dr. Galadari's entrance into the field as well as his research. The video touches on Qur'anic hermeneutics, what the Qur'an has to say about Jesus, and much more.
If you enjoyed this video please like it and remember to subscribe to the channel.
Great interview! I went ahead and ordered Quranic Hermeneutics after listening to this. Sounds fascinating.
A great interview.
Thanks. Curisiosty about Truth leads us forward. Superb conversation. Enlightening.
👏🙂
Very interesting and informative.
Keep up the amazing work
@Gabriel - That was a wonderful interview. I listened to it for 3 time. Please record a CZcams lecture on Julio Bassetti-Sani, which would be very relevant.
Thanking in anticipation. Great work , keep going !
Gabriel, please have Abdullah back to discuss more!
That was an engaging video that I wished was longer. I would love to see Mr. Galadari back on here in the future. I'm almost finished reading his book on quranic hermeneutics and looking forward to reading his other works.
If the quran says in chapter 41:3 (It is˺ a Book whose verses are perfectly explained-a Quran in Arabic for people who know" why the Audience at the time of muhammad were unable to understand what the quran tries to teach about
jesus and mary according to Dr. Caladari? With due respect to the speaker, would any later attempts to come up with new interpertations be logical and made sense? The author's argument in this context suggests either the Arabs in Arabia should known Greek or the quran itself was addressed to different audience.
The qur-an were the chants of the Nazarene people.
The language of the Nazarenes was mainly Himyarite) Aramaic. Slowly it evolved to an early form of Arabic.
Many root words in the qur-an are not Arabic root words. They are Aramaic root words.
The Aramaic speakers also spoke Greek.
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The bit about the theology of incarnation or may be, incarnation-ology, and christology where prof Galadari talks about creation of man and God
It reminds me of the concept of "imitatio Dei"
Not only that, but it also connect to many of the Gnostic philosophy as well as Sufism
Additional comment :
Although, the prof Galadari seems to try to defend the logic of Jesus creation,
I think the Quran's aim regarading Jesus is still the same that is against the worship of Jesus,
but advocate for the worship of God, the Father, to use Christian terminology.
If the prof want to extend the special relationship between God (creator) and human (creation/creature),
and interpret the creation of man as involving a divine substance itself (that is, we human ourselves are divine);
an interpretation that is already existed/accepted within Jewish thought
we still cant ignore the fact that the Quran is still firmly against worshipping and serving of human, but heavily points to an exclusive worship of God.
I think one of the reason why shukr is the utmost, unforgivable sin, may be because it led to confusion and an unending theological argument,
stem from obscure, microscopic interpretation of beliefs, that can led to factionalism and sectarianism.
So, to forbid shukr is to preemptively end the endless schisms.
A point have to be emphasized that while Christian's explanation of the relationship between God-Jesus-humankind is plausible and might be permissable
I think even the Trinitarian mystery according to Christian thought is allow,
but the Quran also offer another solution to the conceptualization of monotheistic God
a more simple and agreeable position, that is to worship God alone, period, without any confusions and esoteric qualifications.
I mean, after all, the righteous People of the Book are confirm to be rewarded by God already in the Quran
And at the end of the day differences between Jews, Christians, Muslims, even the mysterious Sabians, and the Zoroastrians will be decided by God.
36:20 40:02 Mind blowing!
I would say what this guy is doing in arabic is التفلسف ... why not he got time and ignorants who make an audience ...
Yeah I agree with The professor the Quran affirms the Nicene Creed but rejects the later Creed such as the Constantinople Creed. Hence the begotten by the spirit not of Allah
Kindly regaurds From Afghanistan.
The family name (galadary) sounds like persian.
I hope to know it better.
Syrio-Arabian languages family
Is this consistent with Islam teaching
John 1:1-8
Douay-Rheims 1899 American Edition
1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.
2 The same was in the beginning with God.
3 All things were made by him: and without him was made nothing that was made.
4 In him was life, and the life was the light of men.
5 And the light shineth in darkness, and the darkness did not comprehend it
"The word was God" is problematic Islamically.
What he means he will prove that trinity is okey in islam once the abrahamic religion succeeds in uae .
This guy is well financed.
What
This guy interprets the Quran like a five year old kid. I can’t believe this guy is a doctor. The word بشرى bushra does not necessarily mean gospel. The word and its roots appear in surah Hood.
11:69 Our messengers came to Abraham with good news بشرى and greeted him with, Peace. He too said, Peace be on you, and hastened to bring a roasted calf
11:70 But when he saw that they made no move to eat, he found this strange and became afraid of them. They said, Do not be afraid, for we have been sent to the people of Lot
11:71 His wife, who was standing nearby, laughed when We gave her the good news of Isaac, بشّرناها and after Isaac, Jacob
11:72 She said, Alas! Shall I bear a child in this old age, while my husband here is also old? This is indeed a strange thing
11:73 They said, Are you astonished at God's command? May the mercy of God and His blessings be upon you, O people of this house. Surely, He is praiseworthy and glorious
11:74 When the fear had left Abraham, and the glad tidings بشرى had been conveyed to him, he began to plead with Us for Lots people.
جَاۤءَتۡ رُسُلُنَاۤ إِبۡرَ ٰهِیمَ بِٱلۡبُشۡرَىٰ قَالُوا۟ سَلَـٰمࣰاۖ قَالَ سَلَـٰمࣱۖ فَمَا لَبِثَ أَن جَاۤءَ بِعِجۡلٍ حَنِیذࣲ ٦٩
11:70 فَلَمَّا رَءَاۤ أَیۡدِیَهُمۡ لَا تَصِلُ إِلَیۡهِ نَكِرَهُمۡ وَأَوۡجَسَ مِنۡهُمۡ خِیفَةࣰۚ قَالُوا۟ لَا تَخَفۡ إِنَّاۤ أُرۡسِلۡنَاۤ إِلَىٰ قَوۡمِ لُوطࣲ ٧٠
11:71 وَٱمۡرَأَتُهُۥ قَاۤىِٕمَةࣱ فَضَحِكَتۡ فَبَشَّرۡنَـٰهَا بِإِسۡحَـٰقَ وَمِن وَرَاۤءِ إِسۡحَـٰقَ یَعۡقُوبَ ٧١
11:72 قَالَتۡ یَـٰوَیۡلَتَىٰۤ ءَأَلِدُ وَأَنَا۠ عَجُوزࣱ وَهَـٰذَا بَعۡلِی شَیۡخًاۖ إِنَّ هَـٰذَا لَشَیۡءٌ عَجِیبࣱ ٧٢
11:73 قَالُوۤا۟ أَتَعۡجَبِینَ مِنۡ أَمۡرِ ٱللَّهِۖ رَحۡمَتُ ٱللَّهِ وَبَرَكَـٰتُهُۥ عَلَیۡكُمۡ أَهۡلَ ٱلۡبَیۡتِۚ إِنَّهُۥ حَمِیدࣱ مَّجِیدࣱ ٧٣
11:74 فَلَمَّا ذَهَبَ عَنۡ إِبۡرَ ٰهِیمَ ٱلرَّوۡعُ وَجَاۤءَتۡهُ ٱلۡبُشۡرَىٰ یُجَـٰدِلُنَا فِی قَوۡمِ لُوطٍ ٧٤
In your interpretation you translated bushra as gospel. Did the angels give the gospel to Abraham and his wife also? You also translated bashshara as to be made flesh. Do you mean Isaac was word made flesh also? You have to be consistent in your interpretation. You don’t make sense at all. It is all gibberish and nonsense. What a quack.
Doctor, these topics are important in your channel topics:
Islamic monotheism Sheikh Hassan Somali .. This topic is in the Islamic faith and contradicts the Trinity in Christianity.
Stories Of The Prophets-29~Isa [Jesus] (AS) ... The Salafi method in the narrative narration of the prophets, peace be upon them, with the texts of the Qur’an and Sunnah.
I think that the three Muslim preachers who argue the most with the Christians are Shamsi, Sheikh Othman bin Al-Farouq and Hisham
What many non-Muslims do not know is that the prophets, peace be upon them, called themselves Muslims in the Qur’an, such as Adam, Noah, Moses, Jesus, And Jacob, and Yunus, and Yusuf and Suleiman, etc..
As Muslims, we believe that the religion of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, Muhammad, David, etc. is one religion, but the laws changed with the change of time.
It is possible to host Rabbi Mort, whose conversion to Islam was recent among Muslims and Jews alike
These names are my favorite and I suggest you to host them because they are in the Salafi school that does not accept invention in religion and adheres to the understanding of the Qur’an and the Sunnah and contemplates it on the understanding of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad pbuh and their descendants who understood the religion directly from the Prophet Muhammad pbuh, and they are the people of hadith, i.e. the most knowledgeable Muslims and their understanding of the authentic and weak hadiths because they They study it as carefully and knowledgeably as : Ustaadh Muhammad Tim Humble - Abdur Raheem McCarthy Dr.Tahir Wyatt, Abdullah Smith ، Saajid Lipham, Joe Bradford ,Nicholas Pelletier Shaykh Hasan Somali - Sheikh Abdul Rahman Al-Dimashqieh
Respectfully, most of the names you mentioned are theologians and not academicians. I think this channel is primarily intended at interfaith/ intertextual understanding and and only engaging in theology whenever necessary for academia.
Thank you though for the suggestion but many others including me find it unwelcome
The context of any persived attack on religion is *hellfire.* (ca 10:30)
"Be good to one another or fock off!"
The Gospel of Thomas Doubting 1:1
Please tell me, Gabriel, if these words were fabricated by Muhammad, known for his good character, or were they from something bigger than all:
15:85 وَمَا خَلَقۡنَا ٱلسَّمَـٰوَ ٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ وَمَا بَیۡنَهُمَاۤ إِلَّا بِٱلۡحَقِّۗ وَإِنَّ ٱلسَّاعَةَ لَءَاتِیَةࣱۖ فَٱصۡفَحِ ٱلصَّفۡحَ ٱلۡجَمِیلَ ٨٥
15:86 إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ ٱلۡخَلَّـٰقُ ٱلۡعَلِیمُ ٨٦
15:87 وَلَقَدۡ ءَاتَیۡنَـٰكَ سَبۡعࣰا مِّنَ ٱلۡمَثَانِی وَٱلۡقُرۡءَانَ ٱلۡعَظِیمَ ٨٧
15:88 لَا تَمُدَّنَّ عَیۡنَیۡكَ إِلَىٰ مَا مَتَّعۡنَا بِهِۦۤ أَزۡوَ ٰجࣰا مِّنۡهُمۡ وَلَا تَحۡزَنۡ عَلَیۡهِمۡ وَٱخۡفِضۡ جَنَاحَكَ لِلۡمُؤۡمِنِینَ ٨٨
15:89 وَقُلۡ إِنِّیۤ أَنَا ٱلنَّذِیرُ ٱلۡمُبِینُ ٨٩
15:90 كَمَاۤ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَى ٱلۡمُقۡتَسِمِینَ ٩٠
15:91 ٱلَّذِینَ جَعَلُوا۟ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانَ عِضِینَ ٩١
15:92 فَوَرَبِّكَ لَنَسۡءَلَنَّهُمۡ أَجۡمَعِینَ ٩٢
15:93 عَمَّا كَانُوا۟ یَعۡمَلُونَ ٩٣
15:94 فَٱصۡدَعۡ بِمَا تُؤۡمَرُ وَأَعۡرِضۡ عَنِ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِینَ ٩٤
15:95 إِنَّا كَفَیۡنَـٰكَ ٱلۡمُسۡتَهۡزِءِینَ ٩٥
15:96 ٱلَّذِینَ یَجۡعَلُونَ مَعَ ٱللَّهِ إِلَـٰهًا ءَاخَرَۚ فَسَوۡفَ یَعۡلَمُونَ ٩٦
15:97 وَلَقَدۡ نَعۡلَمُ أَنَّكَ یَضِیقُ صَدۡرُكَ بِمَا یَقُولُونَ ٩٧
15:98 فَسَبِّحۡ بِحَمۡدِ رَبِّكَ وَكُن مِّنَ ٱلسَّـٰجِدِینَ ٩٨
15:99 وَٱعۡبُدۡ رَبَّكَ حَتَّىٰ یَأۡتِیَكَ ٱلۡیَقِینُ ٩٩
If Muhammad wouldn’t lie about a person why would he lie about God? Think about it.
It sounds like the guest is doing theology rather than critical scholarship
Oh no. The scholar here knows he speaks the truth - but when he says “it is just my opinion and who knows” - he is distancing himself from the backslash of the orthodox Muslims who are being brainwashed into believing that “the Bible was corrupted”. Well - the Bible may or may not have been corrupted (how do you know, what are your standards of judgment) - HOWEVER the writers/ editors of the Quran firmly believed that they observe both the Torah and gospel. The first “Muslims” came from judeo-Christian background and attempted to combine both religions into one.
@@MBiernat0711 it really. To bring religions together the Quran contains far too many narrations which are inconsistent with the previous scripture... Also the jews and Christians are cursed far too often throughout the Quran...
@@hans471 the Jews are cursed in the Quran, because they rejected Jesus as the Messiah, and they rejected the main character of the Quran (the actual man, the commander in war, the divider of spoils). So the voice of the Quran hates those Jews who reject the Messiah, Muhammad AND the apostle of Muhammad (the main composer of the Quran’s latests suras).
The Christians are cursed - but only those who worship Jesus as God.
You see - in the 7th century Arabia - there are many forms of Christianity. There are those who worship God and Jesus and the Holy Spirit as three separate personas. To those, the Quran says: “One, and not three”. There are also such Christians as ebionites - who are as Messianic Jews. The first Muslims may be an offshoot of those.
@@hans471 yes, the writers of the Quran believed that they are simply repeating and sharing the messages of the previous scriptures- but they didn’t know much about scripture, especially the Gospel. They were more familiar with the Jewish writings, including Talmud.
For once - the message of Christ is nearly completely missing from the Quran. It is not surprising- because the first Muslims were warriors. How could they follow the Messiah who commands them to abandon the sword, because “who fights with sword dies by sword?” … they did not understand such Messiah - even though they craved Him with their hearts. And so are today’s Muslims - craving the Mercy of Christ and insisting on following “prophet Muhammad” - the swordsman. But - no one can serve two masters with two opposing purposes. We must choose the purpose and meaning of Islam: is it peace or war? Is it Christ or “anti-Christ?”. No one can serve two masters and accomplish anything.
You are playing gymnastics with Greek and Arabic. The two languages are not even close. Greek is Indo-European language and Arabic is Semitic language. There is no equivalent for the verb to be in Greek for example that translates to Hebrew or Arabic.
Then you tried to make a connection between the creation by divine fiat and the logos used in the prologue of John. You claimed Jesus was takawwana of Allah. That is totally wrong. Maybe takawwana BY Allah not OF Allah.
2:117 He is the Originator of the heavens and the earth, and when He decrees something, He says only, Be! and it is.
3:59 Jesus in the sight of God is like Adam. He created him from dust; then said to him, Be! and he was.
19:35 it does not befit the majesty of God that He should beget a son. Glory be to Him! He is far above that: when He decrees something, He says only, Be! and it is.
49:68 It is He who gives life and death, and when He ordains a thing, He says only, Be! and it is.
When God decrees something he commands it to be and it is. That’s how he created everything including Jesus and everyone of us. Enough of this nonsense of yours. You are too drunk on your books. This reminds me of Paul in the court of king Agrippa:
At this point Festus interrupted Paul’s defense. “You are out of your mind, Paul!” he shouted. “Your great learning is driving you insane.”
Ok so ironically- all those Muslims who say “the Bible and Gospel are corrupted” -/ are those “swayers” about whom the Quran speaks against. Oh irony of ironies . Also the phrase to stand/rely on the “Torah AND the gospel” can be the encouragement for not only following the Torah - but also, for the Jews - to accept Jesus as the Messiah and follow the gospels. Too bad that the writers of the Quran had such a limited understanding of the teachings of Jesus - they were under the impression that they ARE the followers of the Messiah, but they just didn’t know what the Messiah teaches.
ah i remember this guy , he has this bizarre idea that the Quran doesnt codemn the trinity and it doesnt negate the oness of God from islamic pov . can you bring real scholars please bc no muslim scholar will accept this idea.
Edit : hey liberals in the comments , im not against intellectual diversity or freedom of expression however im against stupid ideas without any foundation , anyone is welcome to analyse, study, criticise islam but he needs to have the necessary requirements and should take into account the traditional pov and if he disagree with it he can make an argument against it so the discussion would be more fruitful and intellectually rewarding. an academic discussion about any religion should be taken seriously , not throwing out shallow , unsubstantiated theories like "the trinity is compatible with the Quran" .
If you find little benefit with this channel, you can always unsubscribe and go somewhere else. As for me, I find this channel to be very enlightening. Thank you, Professor Reynolds!
@@DrJavadTHashmi oh I love this channel you see how Muslims play games with their Quran and their Hadith
Do you know why he says that? Because he's honest enough to admit that the Qur'an affirms the inspiration, preservation and continuing authority of the Bible as it stood in the 7th century. (He actually quotes verses such as Sura 5:43-47 in his papers), and therefore realizes that if can't "harmonize" the Qur'an with the Bible, Islam completely self-destructs based on that alone.
U just solve the problem ur self
"bc no muslim scholar will accept this idea"
Well how about u dont be a muslim scholar but just a scholar then
Its as if you didnt even listen to the first half of the video
We are in an evironment that is Western, critical, secular academia,
so why would you want to be a sectarian about it?
In academia we're try to critically study the subject to arrive in or close to truth as possible
So if you aleady confident that you already know the truth, that your version or your islamic scholar's version of truth is the whole truth, and nothing but the truth
If you want to study to confirm what you already know, to confirm your version of truth then, well, why dont u just dont engage in academia at all then?
@@nonomnismoriar9051 I’m sorry but you’re gravely mistaken. I would agree that the Qur’an affirms the inspiration & preservation of the Hebrew Bible (contrary to the belief of many orthodox Muslims, I confess)-however, that is the “Hebrew Bible” (i.e the Old Testament) and not the 66-book Protestant ‘Christian Bible’ which lumps together the New Testament & writings of Paul along with the Tanakh. The Qur’an does not affirm the canonical New Testament, but rather the “Evangel” (Injīl) or Gospel message (‘good news’) that Jesus himself delivered, namely regarding God’s coming Kingdom & impending Rule, and the proclamation to believers to turn back in repentance to God, and to follow the Law with obedience & humility, rather than blind tradition & hypocrisy.
As far as the Qur’an is concerned (and most Biblical historians & experts for that matter), Jesus didn’t bring or authorize any new scriptures or writings-but instead merely reaffirmed & fulfilled the Scriptures of Moses & the prophets (as preserved in the Tanakh), with some slight alterations and expansions, and merely claimed to be sent to: *_”NO ONE EXCEPT the LOST sheep of the House of ISRAEL”_* _(Matthew 15:24)_ which shows that he did not come to bring anything radically new, but rather merely to reform & restore the Israelite people and their relationship with God through the faith & Law, which they had over time misconstrued & forsaken for their own false traditions (as Christ constantly accused them of).
We also know this because the Qur’an never calls the Injeel/Good News a ‘Kitāb’ (Book/Law/Scripture) as it does with the Torah and other inspired writings, but instead affirms that the most recent “Book” or divinely-inspired authoritative Scripture before the Qur’an was none other than that of Moses-NOT Jesus, despite him being closer in timeline to the Qur’an. This is proven by the following Qur’anic passage:
*_”Recall when We dispatched towards you a number of spirits, to listen to the Recitation (Qur’ān). When they came in its presence, they said, “Quiet & pay attention!” Then, when it was over, they rushed back to their society, warning them.”_*
*_”They declared, “O our people! We have heard a Scripture (Kitāb), sent down after MOSES, confirming what came BEFORE it! It guides to the truth, and to a straight path!”_*
_(The Qur’an, Sūrah Al-Ahqāf, 29-30)_
This passage conclusively proves that the Qur’an does NOT view the Gospel message of Jesus as a separate or newly revealed scripture or writing (and thus certainly not the canonical Pauline-based ‘New Testament’ either)-but instead, merely as the prophetic affirmation, fulfillment, expansion, and restoration of the REAL Scripture that was truly sent down before the Qur’an, which is namely the Torah. Not the Greek New Testament.
Christ’s ministry itself therefore was based off of the Torah, which he himself as a prophet and Jewish rabbi devoutly believed, followed, preached, taught, and commanded others to obediently follow for no less than their own eternal salvation (see Matthew 5:17-20 and 19:17). The Good News (Injīl) was therefore merely an ORAL message & PREACHMENT of warning & hope, which God GAVE (āti) to Jesus, based on the very the Scriptures that preceded him, rather than a collection of writings written decades later in Koine Greek ABOUT the person of Jesus, many of which New Testament scholars have already demonstrated are completely anonymous and highly embellished works of theology, rather than historically accurate records (which, for example, you can see for yourself by simply reading the four canonical Gospels of Mark, Matthew, Luke, and John in parallel, and comparing them with each other in order to witness the astonishing embellishments & drastic changes made to Jesus’s words & behavior, as his image perpetually inflates & transcends far beyond the simple meek prophet of Galilee & human Messiah which he originally was, into a pre-incarnate divine son in the Gospel of John [which laid the foundations for the Trinity doctrine]).
All of this goes to say that despite the Quran’s support & defense for the previous revealed Scriptures, it does not mean that whatever you tack onto the notion of “Bible”-such as the clearly anti-Biblical letters of Paul, which often conflict with & contradict Christ’s own teachings-are somehow automatically included in the Quran’s description of the “earlier Kitāb sent down.” Indeed, even Paul himself, when referring to the ‘scriptures’ spoke not about his own writings, but rather about the Hebrew Bible (the Tanākh) which he as a devout member of the Jewish community & tradition believed and upheld as their sacred holy text (2 Timothy 3:16-17).
So unless you want to argue that blatantly developed, later, Roman pagan-influenced beliefs such as the doctrine of the Trinity (which were not established until centuries after Christ), are somehow already explicitly taught by the Mosaic or Hebrew Scriptures (hint: they’re not)-then there is absolutely no reason to forcibly lock the Qur’an into the needless requirement of affirming such later un-Biblical doctrines (which Christians themselves don’t even have shared understanding or unanimity on), or even the forced acknowledgment of their POSSIBILITY by the Qur’an, in order to solve some imaginary “dilemma” between the Quran’s affirmation of previous revelation and the content of other later uninspired writings made from human hands, borne from the grossly misdefined and butchered understanding of the ‘Injīl’ and the nature of previous Scripture & Revelation as described by the Qur’ān.
Peace.
*_”O people of the Scripture! Do not exaggerate & exceed the limits in your theology, nor say anything about God but the truth!…And do not even SPEAK of there being ‘three’! Stop!-it is for your own good! God is ONE SOLE DIVINITY, who is FAR above having a son! He owns everything in the heavens and everything on earth! And God is able to manage it ALL on His OWN!”_* _(Al-Qur’ān, Sūrah Al-Nisā’, 171)_
your guest need to learn arabic first 😂😂