Thanks so much for watching! If you would like to hear more about obscure units, please check out: czcams.com/video/9tQGGNk04tA/video.htmlsi=PluiAfN-HSR4Uidy
I think Veritasiums video on how we used to calculate PI would be a good candidate for a reaction sometime in the not yet present time, otherwise termed future
A lot of people have trouble wrapping their heads around the fact that a watt is not an amount of energy, it's a rate. So to get amount, you have to multiply it by a time.
Here they "solved" that problem by using kWh/1000hrs unit and putting that on all appliances, so if you have a 50 watt appliance, it will consume 50kWh for every 1000 hrs used.
I think that's at least partially because the watt doesn't explicitly show its time unit unlike other rate units we commonly use. If we called it "joules per second" more people might understand (and we could just use megajoules for amounts of energy instead of cursed kWh)
explanation: a watt is 1 joule per second a kilowatt is 1000 joules per second a kilowatt being sustained for an hour is 3600s*1000 joules/s, or 3.6 million joules which is about 830 food calories- most people run on about 100 watts then.
A lot of these are "cursed" in the sense that they contain uncancelled units, but some weird things can happen _with_ cancellation as well. Take the specific impulse of a rocket, which is used to measure performance. Basically, it's the force gained from burning a propellant divided by the weight of the propellant. (Yes, the weight, not the mass.) Since weight is a measure of acceleration toward a massive object (force over time), you essentially have two "force" units that cancel each other out, leaving only the time measurement. As a result, specific impulse is measured in seconds, with a higher number for a better performance.
That's not weird at all though. It simply (and usefully and intuitively) refers to the number of seconds that the rocket engine + any amount of its matching fuel can accelerate its own mass at 1G before running out. Efficient fuel or better engines can accelerate their own mass at 1G longer than inefficient ones.
Yup so a rocket lifting off from Earth will always burn for less time than its specific impulse and you can work that out from the thrust to mass ratio@@gavinjenkins899
It makes sense it would come up a lot in measures relating to noise and such simply because roots show up a lot in probability functions for statistically distributed randomness. Noise is literally defined by such a function unique to the type of noise and the physical properties of the system.
The 12 parsecs Kessel Run in Star Wars is there because it sounded science-fictiony. The Expanded Universe added an explanation: the planet Kessel is located near a giant cluster of black holes (sic!) so everyone takes a long way around. Han Solos flex in that scene is now about how much shorter his run was - the Millenium Falcon is so fast it can get close to those black holes and not get sucked in.
Good old Black hole sling shot.....or is it time dilation? I'd assume the sling shot. Because Han Solo, although he doesn't recognize the force, is plot armored by such.
While it was obviously written someone who didn't know what a parsec was, I'd treated it as a sarcastic mock-brag... like saying you ran the Daytona 500 in 500 mi.
I wanna say that the discrepancy was actually intentional; apparently there was a stage direction for Obi-Wan to express that he knew that Han was BSing, but it wasn't really shown in the final product.
But it can go at light speed (or even faster?) anyway, just like all the other ships in Star Wars. Shouldn't that make black holes easy to escape for ANY ship? (as long as you stay above the event horizon) I think this shows that trying to make sense of Star Wars "science" is never a good idea...
The real cursed unit on your electric bill goes a step further: your average power consumption is given in kilowatt-hours per day. There are 41.67 watts in a kWh/d.
When I was working on automotive control software some of the variables were in units of rpm/s. It makes sense if you're a calibration engineer trying to tune a shaft acceleration since you think of the speed in rpm and the acceleration is on timescales of seconds, but the fact that it was using two different units of time in the same unit always seemed amply cursed.
This channel makes me feel ... something ... about my life choices. Nostalgia? Regret? I don't know. I got my bachelor's in Physics with a mind towards a graduate degree in Nuclear Engineering. A severe concussion at the end of my senior year put that plan on pause, and well, it's never unpaused. I started working in electronics fabrication and have held various technician-type jobs in industry and academia ever since. The pay's well good enough to sustain myself and the work is usually interesting, but I always feel like I could have made more of myself. Especially since nuclear power is so valuable and important, would I be more fulfilled if I had made it into that field? I don't know. Sorry for the angsty ramblings, but the TL;DR is that you make compelling and interesting content, and I'm glad you do it.
Apparently, in an earlier draft of Episode IV, Obi-wan was supposed to react to what was clearly a lie by Han Solo. It appears to have disappeared from the final draft of the script and the EU added an explanation to it which was adapted by the Disney canon - highly modified but the core rational of it being an impressive navigation feat remains. But when you look back, it makes way more sense for it to have been Han bullshitting. First off, it's Han Solo. Second, he's saying it while claiming the Millennium Falcon is fast so to give a navigation achievement (which speaks to the pilot) when trying to sell how awesome his ship is is just weird. And then there's the fact that just a few minutes later, the Falcon is getting overtaken by Star Destroyers and Luke explicitly calls out Han for claiming the ship was fast.
There is a reason for the hubble numbers to be similar. Yes sure the universe's expansion changes over time, but things tend not to change that far from their typical rates. The only "coincidence" is that the current expansion rate happens to be near the AVERAGE expansion rate over time. Which doesn't sound far fetched or overly coincidental at all to me. It's like if you take a random person's current height and find that it's very close to their average height during their life. Okay... and? Not that weird.
This. And if you have particularly cosmologies (i.e. the composition of the universe (matter, radiation, dark matter, dark energy)) the age of the universe is inversely proportional to the Hubble Parameter (possibly exactly). Source/Fact Check: Ryden's Introduction to Cosmology
The problem with that is that it's current value is not close the average rate of expansion so far, it's current rate is actually the maximum observed so far. At least according to current best modeling, that says the universe's expansion is speeding up, it was always speeding up, and it will continue to speed up forever. The more accurate height analogy would be if people continued to grow in height from birth to their death at a roughly uniform rate and never shrunk with age. You would be very surprised to find them to be close to their average height (as measure up until now) in that case. The concept you are thinking about is mean reversion, but it doesn't apply to a value that is only increasing with time. So it is complete coincidence. That's part of the reason why it's off by 200 million years.
@@kukuc96 if it's not close to the average, then I don't see how the statement is true to begin with. It should be mathematically impossible unless its near the average. Seems like probably just a error in that case. It can't be just a coincidence because they are actually closely related and bound to one another by third variables
@@kukuc96 Also looking it up briefly shows everyone completely disagreeing or showing 4 or 5 totally different models that they find plausible, many of which show slowed growth later on (which is enough for this. Always growing is fine, only the derivative of growth need be near average), and some even show reversal and contraction. Where are you seeing some broad consensus
I'm glad he goes over the derivation of these. Yes, it's weird and frustrating to have units in situations where they don't independently make physical sense, but we use all these units because the universe interacts with itself in ways that makes them useful.
This content is definitely your sweet spot. I love how you can really show off your unique knowledge in this hard science and math context. Great stuff!
Another cursed unit is any measure of speed or velocity - not because of a mishmash of units, but because I'm cursed with a nearly uncontrollable urge to commit violence on anyone who says "rate of speed." Rate of speed [thump] is the [thump] component [thump] of acceleration [crunch] along [thump] a trajectory [crack].
I love your image of what it takes to make 1MW of electricity. I have never seen or heared that before and it gave me the 1st(I mean the VERY 1st) real perspective of it. "I'm an Artistic Scientist Moonlighting as a Mathematician." It'd be great to talk about it in person, but thanks again, Tyler.
I live in Georgia, Sooooooooooooo I totally feel ya about electric bills soaring in the spring, summer, and fall(for me) due to high A/C usage. Isn't it interesting that Air Conditioning is A/C ah Alternating Current is AC?
I feel like you might enjoy "jan Misali" "a joke about measurement". I don't feel like it is content that a good reaction can be made to, but I think you'd have at least fun just watching it! It's a video taking apart how measurement units work and putting it all on it's head to come up with very cursed, often very non useful units.
1/H_0 being ~ age of the universe is NOT a coincidence at all. 1/H_0 is the time which receding galaxies would need to reach the point where they are now if they would start from our location, and if their velocity is constant. Which is not a bad approximation for Big Bang.
I was wondering if you'd ever do some kind of general overview/fun fact type of video about nuclear power plants (how they work, what did your work entail etc). It would be nice to learn these things from someone with first hand experience 😊
Can't remember for sure, but my guess is "less than 12 parsecs" relates to the space-time curvature capabilities of his ship, combined with his calculation abilities. in short, another pilot couldn't have curved that chunk of space that much, and thus would have spent more time in hyperspace. then again, there is almost no real science in star wars, it's basically a space fantasy with wizards and monsters, rather than an actual sci-fi
It is not that big of a coincidence that the Hubble time (1/H0) is approximately the age of the universe. If the universe was nearly empty (like, very little energy, more empty than it is now), the age could been exactly the Hubble time (disregarding inflation). If there was only matter in the universe (and no inflation), the age of the universe would be 2/3 the Hubble time. The combination of radiation, matter and dark energy (whatever it is) that we get today predicts a age of the universe very near the Hubble time without inflation, which is interesting. The inflation predicts a expansion of the universe in the order of e^60, if I recall correctly. Heck both of those are in fact a coincidence. Some scientist see those as a huge problem, others see other absurd coincidences as a problem. This is why cosmology is a very active and interesting field :)
Barn-Megaparsecs are roughly ⅔ teaspoon. The volume of water that contains as many molecules as the Earth holds that volume, is roughly 2 Barn-Megaparsecs.
ive been doing nuclear physics research for the last 2 years. my favorite cursed units are the almighty areal density units - atoms*10^15/cm^2, and also the fact that for rutherford backscattering, the end result of the equation is given in units of particles/m^2. Also, on a logical level I understand why reaction cross sections are measured in some variation on m^2, but also why? It's a probability!
14:20 Google reduces the Hubble constant to 2.3×10^-18 Hz because Hz is the most familiar inverse second, but strictly speaking it's incorrect. Hertz is specifically cycles per second, a measure of frequency of periodic phenomena, but the Hubble constant doesn't describe a recurrence, so instead we should use an inverted second for aperiodic phenomena. That's right, the Hubble constant is 2.3×10^-18 becquerel! (Or 2.3 attobecquerel)
I *have* done actual calculations for real in km/h*min units... I was accumulating lots of intermediate distances given in minutes and speeds, and multiplying minutes with km/h properly is annoying since those are incompatible units, so I kept them in the cursed units until the end where I only had to convert it once into proper distance.
I mess with a lot of electronics and have multiple electrician friends. KW/H always seemed odd, but there are a lot of stranger ones. Like power factor where the voltage and current either lag or lead each other I get the concept but it seems crazy too because you can't have one and not the other. Then there is watts and KVA which are similar but different enough to matter and be confusing, then there is also KVAR (KVA reactive).
I wanted to design a omni-directional spherical space station, purely for testing the most efficient electromagnetic induction motor, that can have rotor float upright in stator. Since the force of attraction from earth is proportionately less as relative distance and mass is accounted for, the energy created via spinning a shaft, can be applied to spinning a sphere in 3-dimenional space, creating a curling force similar to artificial gravity but able to tested and potentially turn simulations about gravitational forces in higher dimensions into configurable values. However, we'd a space elevator first, so in preparation I'm designing a conical induction motor, which will have somewhere between 100-360 phases. I know that we have conical 'squishing' with diamond tips, but what if we took one with magnets on the outside, spun it inside an inset stator of the same shape, will the before circular field, turn into a curling field that will cause the cone to turn. The same test would be, taking a magnet and pushing it down a tube against the repulsing electromagnetic field. I want to push a spiralling cone into a still cone, to see if gravity will pull the spiralling cone into the magnetic field, or dissipate the field due to spin creating more directions for the field to travel.
You should react to some of Explosions&Fire's videos. He's really funny and makes great videos. Maybe the white phosphorus, NCl3, metal fires, gold explosives, hydrogen peroxide or the flares one. Also his sulfur nitride video for his opinion on yellow chemistry. Even his ice cream video is funny.
It's interesting that you used RMS for electrical signals. In stats, we use RMS in many circumstances, but especially in sorting out whether expected error is 0 or if the expectation changes over time or across correlations, which is similar to your use.
My grandma, rest her soul, always said, "dimensions carry a certain frequency. Lower or higher is like the room number on a hotel room's door......My Grandma was into esoteric stuff, never thought it had some form of basis in science. 😳, must have been a popular topic of the day.
4:00 This is a great point and also what this video teaches you a very fun way: It can be interesting and eye opening to explore the depth of the usual. You might find things you would have never guess or realise that some ways we do things are.... kinda stupid, even though they work very well :D
19:29 this actually explains the whole "blue note" thing i have seen in a lot of Sci-Fi examples of warp/ftl travel... Most prominently Eve online and Star Trek. I had never really though about what it actually was, i just went along with it because it was Sci-Fi...
@@nikolthomas2544 I know what Cherenkov radiation is, but it's a bit more accurate to say it's photons moving faster than the normal speed through its medium, not greater than C. I still don't see what it has to do with the sci-fi stuff mentioned. Blue shift ed shift makes a lot more sense than Cherenkov radiation.
It's absolutely not a coincidence that 1/H_0 is roughly the age of the universe since H_0 aka the hubble parameter at present time is directly related to the scale (parameter) of the universe which is linked to the big bang aka to the "start of the universe"!
4:40 I prefer to express Newton's constant in N m²/kg² -- or G = ⅔ ⨯ 10⁻¹⁰ N m²/kg². What use is there in expressing quantities in fundamental units? 20:30 Once in class, I had to come up with an analogy for Cerenkov radiation. I gave a motorboat traveling with a couple waves trailing the boat. 26:30 RMS deviation, random walks, standard deviation, all these are of general application. The speed of the electron in the hydrogen atom being c/137? That's the RMS speed of the electron in its ground state. It's also the speed of the Bohr hydrogen atom at lowest angular momentum. 28:20 Wikipedia's "Deuterium fusion" article tells us that the rate of energy production from protostellar deuterium fusion is proportional to (temperature) to the 11.8th power.
My favorite cursed unit is one that spans the globe and centuries - that would be "furlongs per fortnight". One furlong per fortnight translates to 0.6 km/hr.
You forgot to mention that Sievert also has constants for organs affected too. Like when iodine-131 concentrates in the thyroid or for strontium-90 in bones.
3:16 that is actually the most cursed unit of them all. because people say "cal" but mean "kcal" I hate that, but I've started to accept that cal equals kcal when people talk
i have toa dmit by the 20min mark i was thinking 'hm im watching someone watch a video what am i doing here' but i am so glad to stick around and find out about 'breaking the light barrier'
i love how much that copium about the parsec quote in star wars permeates culture. your read is the actual canon as of the solo movie (idk if it was canon in legends or just a fan explanation) but let's be real, the original screenwriters totally just thought parsec was a unit of time when they wrote that line.
10:00 Flying really fucking close to a big cluster of black holes, is the explanation the novel writers came up with. In the original script it's supposed to be him messing with what he thinks are two uneducated farmers from the middle of nowhere that don't know anything about space.
3:40 The units aren't matching but the guy still multiplied them together. 20 minutes is not hours, it's 0.3333333 hours, so the number and units would both be different.
23:25 it's does make one ponder if this idealized nuclear reactor could be run in micro gravity environment. After all I am pretty sure thats how they make metal ball bearings(freefalling).
Speaking of optical fiber and dispersion, soliton pulses are *funky*. I have no idea how it's possible to construct a pulse which *doesn't* change its shape during transmission, taking into account all disturbances.
It's common in insulation. "This stuff is a great insulator, you should buy it." Ok, how many Watts does it let through? Well given a kind of "stuff" what makes more energy go through? Area. If 10W goes through a square meter then 2 square meters should let through 20W. What makes more energy through? A bigger temperature difference. If it's 10 degrees difference on either side you get half as much Watts as in it's 20 degrees. Lastly what makes less energy through? Thickness. Double thick half the Watts. Put it all together: Power = some insulation constant x x area x temperature / thickness. Your insulation (or conductivity) value has to have units that when you multiple by area, temperature, and divide by length it has units of power. power = (W/LxT) x L^2 x T / L. W/mK
kwh and MJ is most fun with heat energy, when they coexist, one from electricity and the other from burning fossil fuels or biomass. BTW check out his new video, Curseder units, nuclear engineering comes up there.
Most people who even notice the kWh stuff can't wrap their heads around the fact that kW and kWh are not the same thing. And, sadly, I've see that type of unit conflation from my local power company who really should know better at least once where they measured the energy storage capacity of a battery installation in kW. I mean, sure, if they were referring to the maximum charge or discharge rate, kW would make sense, but they meant total stoarge capacity. And it wasn't just a simply typo leaving the "h" off the "kWh" - they had it written out in full in more than one place.
I could handle everything physics threw at me in highschool, kWh broke me. After a few hours trying to parse my thoughts on it I gave up trying to understand it and stuck to anything but that.
The very annoying thing for me is that my gas is billed in megajoules, where my electricity is billed in kWh. Just....make it all joules! MAKE IT ALL JOULES!
My favourite has got to be furlongs per fortnight.. But to be really cursed, you have to mix SI with some generally ambiguous imperial unit.. Ie ounces per sq metre, or kilograms/deca-ream of paper.
I’d be curious to know how much power goes into enriching the uranium used in commercial power plants. If a steam cycle is only 30% efficient, and the enriching process consumes a fair amount on its own, what is the efficiency of the complete process?
I find balistic penetration units cursed a bit because you express it by mm of RHA wich is fine for regular solid projectiles. But when you enter chemical projectiles such as HEAT or HESH it gets weird. You see, as armor evolved, so did projectiles, and so did armor in response and so on, so you get stuff like spaced armor, or composite armor wich now has value of RHA that's low, so kinetic projectile can go trough, but high value HEAT or HESH can't, and vice versa. It's kinda like röntgen unit that it's less usefull and more confusing with modern technology.
15:28 I don´t think this is a coincident. The short and the long of it is that the acceleration is dependent how far it is away from the origin point and that is in turn dependent on how long the time was since big bang ohh. right, he do explain this
😫 inducing maths with somewhat understandable explanations for some of it. Another possible scrambler of earth aside from nuke screw up might be a deliberate or accidental Kessler Syndrome so much tech requires things in space to be working
Disappointed he missed out on the most cursed one off all, the "Schrödinger equation", try explaining the "i" to anyone that hasn't done advanced mathematics. There was that time when France tried to create metric time too, something even the French weren't crazy enough to go through with.
Thanks so much for watching! If you would like to hear more about obscure units, please check out: czcams.com/video/9tQGGNk04tA/video.htmlsi=PluiAfN-HSR4Uidy
You should watched the linked video, the Numberphile one, it’s about nuclear bombs I believe. It’s got neat history and cursed units
I think Veritasiums video on how we used to calculate PI would be a good candidate for a reaction sometime in the not yet present time, otherwise termed future
Thanks, new subscriber here. Could you do a video sharing your insight on the new Chinese Pellet Bed Reactor being built?
A lot of people have trouble wrapping their heads around the fact that a watt is not an amount of energy, it's a rate. So to get amount, you have to multiply it by a time.
Here they "solved" that problem by using kWh/1000hrs unit and putting that on all appliances, so if you have a 50 watt appliance, it will consume 50kWh for every 1000 hrs used.
I think that's at least partially because the watt doesn't explicitly show its time unit unlike other rate units we commonly use. If we called it "joules per second" more people might understand (and we could just use megajoules for amounts of energy instead of cursed kWh)
@@bami2oh no! Energy / Time * Time / Time 😵💫
explanation: a watt is 1 joule per second
a kilowatt is 1000 joules per second
a kilowatt being sustained for an hour is 3600s*1000 joules/s, or 3.6 million joules
which is about 830 food calories- most people run on about 100 watts then.
Sparkies 'ill tell ya.
For some truly cursed units, I suggest the video "a joke about measurement" by jan Miseli, where he creates an alternative to the SI system.
This is a great video. Plus there is a new Curseder Units video out as well
It's a great video! Terrible joke tho, no great punchline and i cried a bit
A lot of these are "cursed" in the sense that they contain uncancelled units, but some weird things can happen _with_ cancellation as well. Take the specific impulse of a rocket, which is used to measure performance. Basically, it's the force gained from burning a propellant divided by the weight of the propellant. (Yes, the weight, not the mass.) Since weight is a measure of acceleration toward a massive object (force over time), you essentially have two "force" units that cancel each other out, leaving only the time measurement. As a result, specific impulse is measured in seconds, with a higher number for a better performance.
That's not weird at all though. It simply (and usefully and intuitively) refers to the number of seconds that the rocket engine + any amount of its matching fuel can accelerate its own mass at 1G before running out. Efficient fuel or better engines can accelerate their own mass at 1G longer than inefficient ones.
Yess took me some time to get this one love it tho
Yup so a rocket lifting off from Earth will always burn for less time than its specific impulse and you can work that out from the thrust to mass ratio@@gavinjenkins899
iirc, isp is measured in seconds because everyone got too tired with metric-imperial translations
seconds are universal
@@NoNameAtAll2 never heard that. Got a source?
According to my calculations, the cruising speed of an Airbus A320 is roughly 226 roman cubits per microfortnight
its a different measurement system, but its still distance/time, not cursed
Now you need to check out part two aswell, just as cursed
I support this request!
He did!
There are a lot of those in electrical engineering. We measure op-amp noise in “Volts per root Hertz”
It makes sense it would come up a lot in measures relating to noise and such simply because roots show up a lot in probability functions for statistically distributed randomness. Noise is literally defined by such a function unique to the type of noise and the physical properties of the system.
The 12 parsecs Kessel Run in Star Wars is there because it sounded science-fictiony. The Expanded Universe added an explanation: the planet Kessel is located near a giant cluster of black holes (sic!) so everyone takes a long way around. Han Solos flex in that scene is now about how much shorter his run was - the Millenium Falcon is so fast it can get close to those black holes and not get sucked in.
Good old Black hole sling shot.....or is it time dilation? I'd assume the sling shot. Because Han Solo, although he doesn't recognize the force, is plot armored by such.
While it was obviously written someone who didn't know what a parsec was, I'd treated it as a sarcastic mock-brag... like saying you ran the Daytona 500 in 500 mi.
I wanna say that the discrepancy was actually intentional; apparently there was a stage direction for Obi-Wan to express that he knew that Han was BSing, but it wasn't really shown in the final product.
I heard it wasn't speed but how advanced the navigation computer was. It was able to calculate a safe shorter route
But it can go at light speed (or even faster?) anyway, just like all the other ships in Star Wars. Shouldn't that make black holes easy to escape for ANY ship? (as long as you stay above the event horizon)
I think this shows that trying to make sense of Star Wars "science" is never a good idea...
The real cursed unit on your electric bill goes a step further: your average power consumption is given in kilowatt-hours per day. There are 41.67 watts in a kWh/d.
G is a unit of volume/mass*time^2... density acceleration. Woah.
When I was working on automotive control software some of the variables were in units of rpm/s. It makes sense if you're a calibration engineer trying to tune a shaft acceleration since you think of the speed in rpm and the acceleration is on timescales of seconds, but the fact that it was using two different units of time in the same unit always seemed amply cursed.
This channel makes me feel ... something ... about my life choices. Nostalgia? Regret? I don't know. I got my bachelor's in Physics with a mind towards a graduate degree in Nuclear Engineering. A severe concussion at the end of my senior year put that plan on pause, and well, it's never unpaused. I started working in electronics fabrication and have held various technician-type jobs in industry and academia ever since. The pay's well good enough to sustain myself and the work is usually interesting, but I always feel like I could have made more of myself. Especially since nuclear power is so valuable and important, would I be more fulfilled if I had made it into that field? I don't know.
Sorry for the angsty ramblings, but the TL;DR is that you make compelling and interesting content, and I'm glad you do it.
CHERENKOV RADIATION!! everybody take a drink!
Don't drink the reactor blue gatorade!
Which, under US regulation, that drink is 23 feet of water.
Gonna need a REALLY narrow glass.
Apparently, in an earlier draft of Episode IV, Obi-wan was supposed to react to what was clearly a lie by Han Solo. It appears to have disappeared from the final draft of the script and the EU added an explanation to it which was adapted by the Disney canon - highly modified but the core rational of it being an impressive navigation feat remains.
But when you look back, it makes way more sense for it to have been Han bullshitting. First off, it's Han Solo. Second, he's saying it while claiming the Millennium Falcon is fast so to give a navigation achievement (which speaks to the pilot) when trying to sell how awesome his ship is is just weird. And then there's the fact that just a few minutes later, the Falcon is getting overtaken by Star Destroyers and Luke explicitly calls out Han for claiming the ship was fast.
It's kind of still in the final movie. If you look closely you can see Obi Wan make this exasperated head movement/expression after Han says that.
You should watch part 2 of the cursed unit series
Absolutely. The guy is incredible.
There is a reason for the hubble numbers to be similar. Yes sure the universe's expansion changes over time, but things tend not to change that far from their typical rates. The only "coincidence" is that the current expansion rate happens to be near the AVERAGE expansion rate over time. Which doesn't sound far fetched or overly coincidental at all to me. It's like if you take a random person's current height and find that it's very close to their average height during their life. Okay... and? Not that weird.
This. And if you have particularly cosmologies (i.e. the composition of the universe (matter, radiation, dark matter, dark energy)) the age of the universe is inversely proportional to the Hubble Parameter (possibly exactly).
Source/Fact Check: Ryden's Introduction to Cosmology
The problem with that is that it's current value is not close the average rate of expansion so far, it's current rate is actually the maximum observed so far. At least according to current best modeling, that says the universe's expansion is speeding up, it was always speeding up, and it will continue to speed up forever. The more accurate height analogy would be if people continued to grow in height from birth to their death at a roughly uniform rate and never shrunk with age. You would be very surprised to find them to be close to their average height (as measure up until now) in that case.
The concept you are thinking about is mean reversion, but it doesn't apply to a value that is only increasing with time.
So it is complete coincidence. That's part of the reason why it's off by 200 million years.
@@kukuc96 if it's not close to the average, then I don't see how the statement is true to begin with. It should be mathematically impossible unless its near the average. Seems like probably just a error in that case. It can't be just a coincidence because they are actually closely related and bound to one another by third variables
@@kukuc96 Also looking it up briefly shows everyone completely disagreeing or showing 4 or 5 totally different models that they find plausible, many of which show slowed growth later on (which is enough for this. Always growing is fine, only the derivative of growth need be near average), and some even show reversal and contraction. Where are you seeing some broad consensus
I'm glad he goes over the derivation of these. Yes, it's weird and frustrating to have units in situations where they don't independently make physical sense, but we use all these units because the universe interacts with itself in ways that makes them useful.
This content is definitely your sweet spot. I love how you can really show off your unique knowledge in this hard science and math context. Great stuff!
A barn is a strange unit.
I mean we could start measuring in attoparsec. Which is around 3.086 cm or 1.215 inches...
Another cursed unit is any measure of speed or velocity - not because of a mishmash of units, but because I'm cursed with a nearly uncontrollable urge to commit violence on anyone who says "rate of speed." Rate of speed [thump] is the [thump] component [thump] of acceleration [crunch] along [thump] a trajectory [crack].
1.21 gigawatts! 1.21 gigawatts!! Great Scott!!
I think you mean jigawatts :)
@@ShaneH42 Much like in jiraffe 🦒
I love your image of what it takes to make 1MW of electricity. I have never seen or heared that before and it gave me the 1st(I mean the VERY 1st) real perspective of it.
"I'm an Artistic Scientist Moonlighting as a Mathematician."
It'd be great to talk about it in person, but thanks again, Tyler.
I live in Georgia, Sooooooooooooo I totally feel ya about electric bills soaring in the spring, summer, and fall(for me) due to high A/C usage. Isn't it interesting that Air Conditioning is A/C ah Alternating Current is AC?
In Sweden we consume twice as much electricity in winter.
I feel like you might enjoy "jan Misali" "a joke about measurement".
I don't feel like it is content that a good reaction can be made to, but I think you'd have at least fun just watching it!
It's a video taking apart how measurement units work and putting it all on it's head to come up with very cursed, often very non useful units.
I count in Siriometers = 1 million AU. Call me old school
Nowadays imperial units are more weird than ones used in astronomy.
Did the beginning part about a book and gallons per miles get cut for some reason?
2:00 Would you say the one you worked at ever ran at 1,210 MW??
1/H_0 being ~ age of the universe is NOT a coincidence at all.
1/H_0 is the time which receding galaxies would need to reach the point where they are now if they would start from our location, and if their velocity is constant. Which is not a bad approximation for Big Bang.
Yeah, the coincidence is that the *current* speed and the *average* speed are reasonably close, if anything.
I was wondering if you'd ever do some kind of general overview/fun fact type of video about nuclear power plants (how they work, what did your work entail etc). It would be nice to learn these things from someone with first hand experience 😊
since you seemed to enjoy this one, I highly recommend the second episode of this
When I made my name so many years ago, I didn't know it was also a term in nuclear power. Neat.
Please do the sequel to this too!
Can't remember for sure, but my guess is "less than 12 parsecs" relates to the space-time curvature capabilities of his ship, combined with his calculation abilities. in short, another pilot couldn't have curved that chunk of space that much, and thus would have spent more time in hyperspace. then again, there is almost no real science in star wars, it's basically a space fantasy with wizards and monsters, rather than an actual sci-fi
It is not that big of a coincidence that the Hubble time (1/H0) is approximately the age of the universe. If the universe was nearly empty (like, very little energy, more empty than it is now), the age could been exactly the Hubble time (disregarding inflation). If there was only matter in the universe (and no inflation), the age of the universe would be 2/3 the Hubble time.
The combination of radiation, matter and dark energy (whatever it is) that we get today predicts a age of the universe very near the Hubble time without inflation, which is interesting. The inflation predicts a expansion of the universe in the order of e^60, if I recall correctly. Heck both of those are in fact a coincidence. Some scientist see those as a huge problem, others see other absurd coincidences as a problem. This is why cosmology is a very active and interesting field :)
Barn-Megaparsecs are roughly ⅔ teaspoon.
The volume of water that contains as many molecules as the Earth holds that volume, is roughly 2 Barn-Megaparsecs.
Did you miss the beginning of the video?
I'll be waiting for your commentary on part 2 as well ^_^
This is a fantastic video with some genuinely beautiful math in it! Glad to see you cover it.
Having seen the original video before this, i have to say your reaction and context gives sooo much more value to it.
ive been doing nuclear physics research for the last 2 years. my favorite cursed units are the almighty areal density units - atoms*10^15/cm^2, and also the fact that for rutherford backscattering, the end result of the equation is given in units of particles/m^2. Also, on a logical level I understand why reaction cross sections are measured in some variation on m^2, but also why? It's a probability!
14:20 Google reduces the Hubble constant to 2.3×10^-18 Hz because Hz is the most familiar inverse second, but strictly speaking it's incorrect. Hertz is specifically cycles per second, a measure of frequency of periodic phenomena, but the Hubble constant doesn't describe a recurrence, so instead we should use an inverted second for aperiodic phenomena. That's right, the Hubble constant is 2.3×10^-18 becquerel! (Or 2.3 attobecquerel)
I *have* done actual calculations for real in km/h*min units... I was accumulating lots of intermediate distances given in minutes and speeds, and multiplying minutes with km/h properly is annoying since those are incompatible units, so I kept them in the cursed units until the end where I only had to convert it once into proper distance.
I mess with a lot of electronics and have multiple electrician friends. KW/H always seemed odd, but there are a lot of stranger ones. Like power factor where the voltage and current either lag or lead each other I get the concept but it seems crazy too because you can't have one and not the other. Then there is watts and KVA which are similar but different enough to matter and be confusing, then there is also KVAR (KVA reactive).
Everyone records power factor as a ratio (unitless) but the source measurement is an angle...
7:30 i love how einstein is the only one that needs to only be casually mentioned and not have his face on screen xD
When you pause to explain something, he just explains it again.
I wanted to design a omni-directional spherical space station, purely for testing the most efficient electromagnetic induction motor, that can have rotor float upright in stator. Since the force of attraction from earth is proportionately less as relative distance and mass is accounted for, the energy created via spinning a shaft, can be applied to spinning a sphere in 3-dimenional space, creating a curling force similar to artificial gravity but able to tested and potentially turn simulations about gravitational forces in higher dimensions into configurable values. However, we'd a space elevator first, so in preparation I'm designing a conical induction motor, which will have somewhere between 100-360 phases. I know that we have conical 'squishing' with diamond tips, but what if we took one with magnets on the outside, spun it inside an inset stator of the same shape, will the before circular field, turn into a curling field that will cause the cone to turn. The same test would be, taking a magnet and pushing it down a tube against the repulsing electromagnetic field. I want to push a spiralling cone into a still cone, to see if gravity will pull the spiralling cone into the magnetic field, or dissipate the field due to spin creating more directions for the field to travel.
I use the manning equation from hydraulics a lot at work, the roughness coefficient ‘n’ ends up with units of ft^(1/3)/s
You should react to some of Explosions&Fire's videos. He's really funny and makes great videos.
Maybe the white phosphorus, NCl3, metal fires, gold explosives, hydrogen peroxide or the flares one.
Also his sulfur nitride video for his opinion on yellow chemistry.
Even his ice cream video is funny.
It's interesting that you used RMS for electrical signals. In stats, we use RMS in many circumstances, but especially in sorting out whether expected error is 0 or if the expectation changes over time or across correlations, which is similar to your use.
My grandma, rest her soul, always said, "dimensions carry a certain frequency. Lower or higher is like the room number on a hotel room's door......My Grandma was into esoteric stuff, never thought it had some form of basis in science. 😳, must have been a popular topic of the day.
The age of the universe affects physics......all lofe exists on the same plane, at different times. 🤔🙃🤔🙃. Le wow.
Physical chemistry uses sqrt(liter/second). A liter being 10^-3m^3 makes that a unit of the dimension Length^(3/2)Time^(-1/2)
4:00 This is a great point and also what this video teaches you a very fun way:
It can be interesting and eye opening to explore the depth of the usual. You might find things you would have never guess or realise that some ways we do things are.... kinda stupid, even though they work very well :D
mos time I've spent in physical chemistry is actually converting units and the checking that the units match :D
10:02 Yes! That’s actually the right explanation.
As a nuclear engineer you shouldve mentioned the Barn!
19:29 this actually explains the whole "blue note" thing i have seen in a lot of Sci-Fi examples of warp/ftl travel... Most prominently Eve online and Star Trek. I had never really though about what it actually was, i just went along with it because it was Sci-Fi...
Yup. In Eve you'll notice that the back of the warp tunnel is red-shifted
What does that have to do with Cherenkov radiation?
@@aggonzalezdc
Cherenkov radiation is blue and caused by particles going faster than the speed of light
@@nikolthomas2544 I know what Cherenkov radiation is, but it's a bit more accurate to say it's photons moving faster than the normal speed through its medium, not greater than C. I still don't see what it has to do with the sci-fi stuff mentioned. Blue shift
ed shift makes a lot more sense than Cherenkov radiation.
It's absolutely not a coincidence that 1/H_0 is roughly the age of the universe since H_0 aka the hubble parameter at present time is directly related to the scale (parameter) of the universe which is linked to the big bang aka to the "start of the universe"!
There is a 2nd part to these series watch that too
Blue shift in nuclear physics is what when the reactor's energy goes up quickly and why the demon core's supercritical state was blue for a second.
4:40 I prefer to express Newton's constant in N m²/kg² -- or G = ⅔ ⨯ 10⁻¹⁰ N m²/kg². What use is there in expressing quantities in fundamental units?
20:30 Once in class, I had to come up with an analogy for Cerenkov radiation. I gave a motorboat traveling with a couple waves trailing the boat.
26:30 RMS deviation, random walks, standard deviation, all these are of general application. The speed of the electron in the hydrogen atom being c/137? That's the RMS speed of the electron in its ground state. It's also the speed of the Bohr hydrogen atom at lowest angular momentum.
28:20 Wikipedia's "Deuterium fusion" article tells us that the rate of energy production from protostellar deuterium fusion is proportional to (temperature) to the 11.8th power.
There's a part 2, with even curseder units! Honestly I think it's even better than the first one.
My favorite cursed unit is one that spans the globe and centuries - that would be "furlongs per fortnight". One furlong per fortnight translates to 0.6 km/hr.
You forgot to mention that Sievert also has constants for organs affected too. Like when iodine-131 concentrates in the thyroid or for strontium-90 in bones.
3:16 that is actually the most cursed unit of them all. because people say "cal" but mean "kcal" I hate that, but I've started to accept that cal equals kcal when people talk
i have toa dmit by the 20min mark i was thinking 'hm im watching someone watch a video what am i doing here' but i am so glad to stick around and find out about 'breaking the light barrier'
i love how much that copium about the parsec quote in star wars permeates culture. your read is the actual canon as of the solo movie (idk if it was canon in legends or just a fan explanation) but let's be real, the original screenwriters totally just thought parsec was a unit of time when they wrote that line.
1000 megawatts is a gigawatt
10:00 Flying really fucking close to a big cluster of black holes, is the explanation the novel writers came up with. In the original script it's supposed to be him messing with what he thinks are two uneducated farmers from the middle of nowhere that don't know anything about space.
25:45 it reminded me of Monte Carlo were the deviation of the mean from the correct answer goes as 1/sqrt(sample size).
I was confused about the last one until he started explaining it, because I read the ‘ps’ as horsepowers (in german)…
3:40 The units aren't matching but the guy still multiplied them together. 20 minutes is not hours, it's 0.3333333 hours, so the number and units would both be different.
23:25 it's does make one ponder if this idealized nuclear reactor could be run in micro gravity environment. After all I am pretty sure thats how they make metal ball bearings(freefalling).
That blue glow is beautiful, but I assume having this in your living room isn't a good idea?
Speaking of optical fiber and dispersion, soliton pulses are *funky*. I have no idea how it's possible to construct a pulse which *doesn't* change its shape during transmission, taking into account all disturbances.
When you said what a MPC was, I about spit out my drink. Good god that'd far.
For part 2!
Our kWh usage does not change too much but the freekin admin fees sure do.
I had a hard time with one you probably used, which is Watts per meter Kelvin.
It's common in insulation. "This stuff is a great insulator, you should buy it." Ok, how many Watts does it let through?
Well given a kind of "stuff" what makes more energy go through? Area. If 10W goes through a square meter then 2 square meters should let through 20W.
What makes more energy through? A bigger temperature difference. If it's 10 degrees difference on either side you get half as much Watts as in it's 20 degrees.
Lastly what makes less energy through? Thickness. Double thick half the Watts.
Put it all together: Power = some insulation constant x x area x temperature / thickness.
Your insulation (or conductivity) value has to have units that when you multiple by area, temperature, and divide by length it has units of power.
power = (W/LxT) x L^2 x T / L.
W/mK
kwh and MJ is most fun with heat energy, when they coexist, one from electricity and the other from burning fossil fuels or biomass. BTW check out his new video, Curseder units, nuclear engineering comes up there.
6:31 I swear I'm hearing "culos squared".
Most people who even notice the kWh stuff can't wrap their heads around the fact that kW and kWh are not the same thing. And, sadly, I've see that type of unit conflation from my local power company who really should know better at least once where they measured the energy storage capacity of a battery installation in kW. I mean, sure, if they were referring to the maximum charge or discharge rate, kW would make sense, but they meant total stoarge capacity. And it wasn't just a simply typo leaving the "h" off the "kWh" - they had it written out in full in more than one place.
I could handle everything physics threw at me in highschool, kWh broke me. After a few hours trying to parse my thoughts on it I gave up trying to understand it and stuck to anything but that.
Video suggestion: Roblox “a core game” - All Events
The very annoying thing for me is that my gas is billed in megajoules, where my electricity is billed in kWh.
Just....make it all joules! MAKE IT ALL JOULES!
Trying to understand inverse seconds truly Hertz my brain.
Measure velocity in angstroms per fortnight
there is a part two of this video that also includes the different radiation units
His surname being Newton suits this video perfect
Again I want to suggest the video “the Scale of Mushroom Clouds”
My favourite has got to be furlongs per fortnight.. But to be really cursed, you have to mix SI with some generally ambiguous imperial unit.. Ie ounces per sq metre, or kilograms/deca-ream of paper.
I’d be curious to know how much power goes into enriching the uranium used in commercial power plants. If a steam cycle is only 30% efficient, and the enriching process consumes a fair amount on its own, what is the efficiency of the complete process?
I find balistic penetration units cursed a bit because you express it by mm of RHA wich is fine for regular solid projectiles. But when you enter chemical projectiles such as HEAT or HESH it gets weird. You see, as armor evolved, so did projectiles, and so did armor in response and so on, so you get stuff like spaced armor, or composite armor wich now has value of RHA that's low, so kinetic projectile can go trough, but high value HEAT or HESH can't, and vice versa. It's kinda like röntgen unit that it's less usefull and more confusing with modern technology.
15:28
I don´t think this is a coincident. The short and the long of it is that the acceleration is dependent how far it is away from the origin point and that is in turn dependent on how long the time was since big bang
ohh. right, he do explain this
Check out number 2, he goes over grey there :D
😫 inducing maths with somewhat understandable explanations for some of it.
Another possible scrambler of earth aside from nuke screw up might be a deliberate or accidental Kessler Syndrome so much tech requires things in space to be working
5:12 isn’t it the distance between the centre of the two masses and not the surface to surface distance???
Disappointed he missed out on the most cursed one off all, the "Schrödinger equation", try explaining the "i" to anyone that hasn't done advanced mathematics. There was that time when France tried to create metric time too, something even the French weren't crazy enough to go through with.
Do a reaction to the JackJack video of a Chinese guy holding multiple nuclear sources. 😮
check out part 2, it has sime radiation units!
Playing around with units is always fun 😁