The lying psychologist who fooled the world
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- čas přidán 11. 09. 2024
- He lied to his students, his friends, and his family. He fabricated data in 57 separate studies. He publicised racist views as scientific fact. And for a decade, he got away with it. Today, I share how one of the world’s most popular behavioural scientists fooled the world.
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What kind of psychopath would sit right next to a stranger when the farther away seat is empty??
Esp. If you're a woman, I'm not sitting next to a strange man and I don't care about his skin colour. Somehow these researchers never take this into account
Fully agree! I maximize the space between myself and others. If I MUST sit next to someone I will. If I can make space, I will. Race is not a factor.
@@Qrtuop noting that the study never happened.
@@MrTeff999
Still that lie wasn't logical.
@@Lyrielonwind Wasn’t or was? Clarify please.
Working in Academia is the most toxic thing I've ever experienced, so none of this is surprising
What factors you think go into this?
yeah agreed. Not for everyone. Definitely easier for the cunning, the istrionic and the psycho. I left. Couldn't bear the top of the top when i started getting to the higher steps.
I thought of a tomato. 🍅 I’ve never successfully grown carrots.
Me too - but it is a fruit 🙂
Tomato 🍅
I thought of a tomato too. Probably because that was always my mom’s biggest garden crop. She used to grow enough to can them.
I thought of my flowers as I have no vegetables. I failed his priming.
🍅
Just a reminder. Question everything and everyone. Including your own beliefs. Critical thinking is in short supply, unfortunately.
Crooked thinking became replacement to critical thinking.
Politicians lawyers perfected it
🤣🤣🤣
Teach your children to question you.
@@wheressteve Also tell them I don't know instead of God made it bs
Especailly your own beliefs. Being able to actively look out for weaknesses and holes in your own thinking and beliefs is super painful, but it hardens you like nothing else. It's like a giving your brain a little bit of Navy SEAL training course :-)
Just a reminder: science is a method of gathering and checking data, and of thinking up checks/tests that are “falsifiable”. That is, every test or check must be equally capable of disproving or proving your hypothesis.
This guy had total contempt for the fundamental process he claimed to teach.
Diederik Stapel (1966) was a Dutch social psychologist who obtained his Ph.D. cum laude at the University of Amsterdam (in 1997 In 1992 I studied with him. We had to present our graduation studies in public. I remembered how his research data perfectly represented his expectation. I asked my fellow students how this was possible? Was Stapel a genius? Rest is history ....
Just like the research, this story is baloney. Good job trying to use lies to prove a truth. Real smart.
@@diegomiranda1952Did they really meet at a Faustlust concert?
" I asked my fellow students how this was possible? Was Stapel a genius? Rest is history ...."
...uh huh
@@stephenkolostyak4087 It doesn't require genius to fool the majority. All you have to do is tell them to believe a single thing that they all find acceptable. Then tell them not to think about anything else. Promise them sweeties and toys. You have now brainwashed 60% of the population. The rest will vote for things we need but will never get.
I trust you bro
The fact that these “researchers” end up giving Ted Talks is not surprising 🙄
and imagine they deleted other ted talks like ex-feminist and petersons daughters talk and many others.
Seems like Ted Talks have a lot of communal narcissists.
Yes, TED talks are consistently dubious.
Well Chris Anderson never shied away from using his TED-credentials to make Elon Musk look good.
Those carrots are tasty tho.
Scientists like this are responsible for the public's distrust in science.
No, people that treat science like a cult are more responsible.
Police, judges, politicians are responsible for the public's distrust of police and courts and why people demand defunding the police.
No. Science is simply STUDYING the world around you. It's literally just a PROCESS. There's no "trust" involved in what actual science is, but there IS curiosity and exploration and tearing at previously held beliefs... but there isn't, in what you/most people call "science" when they put the word "trust" in there.
I don't trust people being paid by mega-corporations to write out a study/data with a conclusion that "weirdly" always tends to push for/support the profit of a product the mega-corporation is selling. It's a cult, and we're not allowed to question their methods or results, or motivation.
...and Fauci (who IS science...apparently).
Well the irony is they’re scientists not following the scientific method. So…they’re in as much of a logical predicament as people who don’t “trust science.” It’s always important to be scientifically literate and read the published articles that come out on subjects. Not many people know how to read them. It’s a shame.
In short, if more people were scientifically literate you’d have less people “not trusting” science on account of some researchers.
Its scary how influential many of these grifters are in shaping restrictive laws and regulations.
“There is a sucker born every minute.” -PT Barnum
PT knew how to use the media too. The more outlandish he was, the more they gobbled it up.
They're the kind of juvenile theories a 12 year old would come up with.
Proves that psychologists are more likely to lie than other disciplines.😂
Shocking! A profession based on talking to people for years with questionable results. Say it ain’t so. 😅 It’s more of a woo-woo profession than a lot of people think in my opinion.
Even the education they get at degree level is woolly and questionably scientific. It's not surprising students follow in the footsteps of their mentors and don't apply rigorous approaches. An example is even in the video.. the conclusion that not wanting to sit next to a black person when there is rubbish around is 'racist' is so loaded. It's like the sub-concious bias tests, that are purely designed around attitudes of attractiveness or fear of the black people (I got a positive bias toward black people, simply cos I find black women more attractive, but that doesn't relative to whether I am prejudice.. maybe I want to wipe out black genes by inter-breeding?) Anyway, social scientists often use social science to back their own political (or otherwise) prejudices. Needs to be FAR more rigorous and objective in approach.
@@josephbrown9685no, it’s a profession meant to sedate victims of abuse from causing too much of an uproar. Most psychologists are the perpetrators.
These are the people who teach your sons and daughters in universities and charge a fortune for the privilege.😂
It's a good profession, clinical psych, and it does help many, many people. But there just aren't many people who are capable of doing it competently. It isn't just a matter of training, there's a necessary disposition. And the limits on what can generally be accomplished are much narrower than the industry promotion wants us to believe. If we had more and better mental health services much of the bad behavior at the clinical level would get shaken out.
Its not the confirmation bias. Its the sunken cost fallacy in this example of the cult.
You are right. I think this very case coined the term cognitive dissonance.
Yeah or the escalation of commitment bias. I mean they literally say 'I've given up too much'. So I'm a little disappointed that wasn't one of his lies 😂 because then it's just a mistake/incorrect example.
This is all too common. The lying and machinations in academia and those who are prone to sociopathy/ASPS and other mental health issues, (self delusion, hubris and arrogance, fraud, deceit, etc.) in the field of behavioral science is extremely high. Those that enter the field are problematic to begin with; some are unconsciously trying to harness their lack of a conscience and learn to control/manipulate others, a handful desire to understand their problematic histories and behaviors and others seek to avoid their problems by projecting onto/"diagnosing" others. Many of the worst, most messed up and manipulative people are in the field of behavioral health. Trust none of them!
Agreed. I am studying psychology. And many of my teachers and classmates have like zero empathy
I think that psychologists in academia that are in business or marketing dept are a curious bunch. Ariely and some of the others are social psychologists doing psychology research but not in a psych dept? Why?
It's certainly not specific to academia; its in finance, trade, politics.
Agreed.
I loved reading that !!
Commendations !!
High Distinction. 🤔☺️🙋
I thought of a tomato. Then I remembered tomato is a fruit, then I thought of lettuce 🥬
You can see the point if you have to choose among three cups the one that contains an object and the one person moving them tells you: "what is fastest, the hand or the eye?"
Probably your eyes will follow the hands and not the cup that contains the object because you heard the word "hands". You can't control their hands and you will forget to keep your eyes in the right cup because you are following their hands instead of the cup.
I am: 1. a social psychologist, 2. I teach at a business school and 3. I study power poses. Three strikes and you are out.
My mother warned me about people like you lol.
Y'know, there are very few people in the world who don't lie to themselves.
I considered a PhD in Power Poses, but I took a course in automatic writing instead.
I am completely unsurprised that people did not sit near or amongst the litter and trash.The reason is obvious.
It never happened, that's the point of this vid. Those studies were fiction.
@@willcool713 Yes, the studies were fiction, but he was trying to imply that people were simply not wanting to sit next to the black man. They didn’t say if in this fictional scenario if they put the put the white man next to the trash.
@@MrsBilla-nu8qb Yes, they did. Don't you get the whole point here? You didn't find a problem in their experimentation. The methodology was clean. The writing was standardized. The error analysis was even handed. It couldn't have been published otherwise, if all of those weren't there in rigorous detail. But instead of doing the work, it was all made up. This isn't about some fool trying to use science to push a racist agenda. Everything about the research papers he published passed the sniff test, and peer review panels. It looked like a serious experiment with very strange results. This is serious fraud, not somebody just BSing something lightly. Do you think the "study" could have been published if they had made such a blatantly stupid omission? Have you ever read a scientific paper? Don't you know how science journals work, what they're for?
I sit at my desk with a skeptical pose. Then I feel skeptical as a result…
That is in fact true. Smiling as a facial move can actualy improve Your mood,too.😊
Or maybe people don’t want to sit in garbage.
I thought of potato because I'm primed by decades of being Irish
The only vegetable in my garden is tropical spinach.
Its not clear to me how anybody could believe this rubbish in the first place, fabricated or not.
The entire point of scientific publication is so that rubbish like this DOES get examined and DOES get found out. Because it must be replicable.
Because we are people.
I was thinking "I don't have a garden"
No one wants to sit next to a pile of trash regardless of whoever is near it. The claim itself sends all arm bells.
Priming don't work on me. I thought of "tomato."
Then I realized a tomato is actually a fruit. But I didn't say "carrot."
Me too !! Haha. Then I thought cucumber
..I thought of lettuce, I might be damaged 😂
The stupid things people will believe. I've had employers who believe that, if their employees sign a declaration to do or not do something, their risks/accidents will go down. If you check the numbers, it didn't make a difference, yet the company clings to this practice like a child to a blankey. SMH.
This study was done by Francesca gino. A psychologist who faked like 50 studies and now is being investigated. She was a super star once. Watch videos about her and send them to your boss. She faked that study
That’s not why they get their employees to sign these things: it is just so azzcovering in case they get sued by employees doing dumb things.
@@eh1702 That seems much more plausible.
Agree its creating paper trail for insurance or liability purposes. Nothing to do with increasing safety or reducing risk.
THEy do that to use it against you when you get hurt. It is great evidence in claims court.
Correlation is not causality.
Exactly, though I still wouldn't eat a twinky.. only because of the taste though
Wooooow holy shit are you some kind of genius or something?
@@Nothing-sn9nc Yes, compared to you.
@@gavinhill3164 - Not because of the number of released Nicholas Cage movies? Or accidental deaths in swimming pools?
isn't it correlation is not causation?
So a guy entered lying, dishonest profession and started lying himself?
I am always told that I can't question anything thats been peer reviewed 😂 follow the science
Folks inside the institutions call it "Pal Review" 🤷♂️
You made that up. The entire POINT of scientific publication is REPLICABILITY - and CHALLENGE. You describe your work so methodically that OTHER PEOPLE IN OTHER PLACES can carry out the same study and see if their results match yours or not. And it is whether they do or don’t get the same result, people can also decide for themselves whether your conclusions are actually warranted by the results.
@@eh1702 well I don't know where you were doing the "flu" I was told every day that the science was settled. Don't ask questions and don't doubt the high priest, I mean the scientists.
@@eh1702 it's great in theory
@@eh1702 i tried to reply to you but apparently its forbidden to talk about a health issues that started some years back. Back then I was told it was settled. The science that is. Not ok to ask questions. When I did they said I was a denier. The guy in charge was THE science. Let's see if this post is too offensive for CZcams like my last one
What about those people who naturally question everything. What is different about them? I was brought up in what many regard as a cult, but I questioned it from young childhood and left it in my early teens.
Thank u for this video. The peer reviewers really need to check their processes. Absolutely shameful and frankly embarrassing for the academic world.
Didn't think carrot. Thought poverty. Who has money to own a garden ?
Depends on the region. In a rural area, most people will have a garden, especially the poor.
Actually ebt covers seeds and edible plants. That’s how I started my garden. Now I’m 1% of people with ebt that did that. But it’s possible. I was a container Gardner. 40$ of soil cheap plastic bins will do ya right.
Never believe anyone just because he looks confident - that's actually one more reason to be watchful and wary! Never hesistate to ask questions or challenge someone's "authority" or "well estabilished facts" ... no ... what is true is true, it will take the pressure. If it's bullshit it falls apart sooner or later.
I picked up some body language clues from Stapel that he's not sincere. (Not so much from the TED Talk woman, though.)
Even if the data were real, the conclusions don't follow from the claimed results. There was no control group mentioned. The lies were completely _illogical._ Yet nobody objected. And you still don't object, while making this video(at least not by 9:40 when I stop watching.) But none of that is shocking in the least.
I immediately thought that wearing a jumper would make me more likely to book a holiday in the sun to get away from the cold.
😂
1. I thought of a cucumber, not a carrot. 2. Because the title was about a lying psychologist, I believed nothing that was stated in the video. I went a bit too far, though, as I actually thought until the end that the entire video was a work of fiction and I did not believe that there actually was ever a psychologist of that name. So I guess I threw out the baby with the bathwater
I just neither believed nor disbelieved. I notice that many people seem to feel uncomfortable with suspending judgement. I was suspicious because I thought I'd heard that all that priming stuff was nonsense, but I don't trust my memory to be accurate.
🎉Have an ice cream. 😊
I thought cucumber, too. I don't have a garden and never grew them.
The abject stupidity of postmodern academia never ceases to amaze.
Yup! Gender and ethnic studies professors/students are the worst perpetrators.
It is not post-modern, however. It is social scientists trying to use statistics and experiments as if they are within the hard sciences. They are so eager to have numbers so that what they do seem scientific that they make stuff up. This has nothing to do with post-modern critical theory at all.
The British express it best. "You taking a piss?"
Lots of scientists do this - this one just got found out.
3:59 You asked me to think of a vegetable that grows in _my_ garden, not _a_ garden. So no, I did not think of carrot.
Yes, I thought of my failed attempt at growing aubergines.
I thought of aubergines too 😅😂. My dad use to grow them in his garden.
Appeal to authority is a really tough bias to overcome.
I think that Appeal to Authority is my pet peeve right next to Fallacy of Omission.
Or maybe people didn’t want to sit next to rubbish
No i am racist 🧑🦳
Right? Such a weird leap. I would definitely sit as far from the literally trash as possible. Also, regardless of what color the person was I would probably sit on the furthest seat, so we could both have personal space. Like it’s weird to sit right next to a total stranger if you can put space between you. At least here in NYC. I don’t know. Maybe it’s regional and different in Europe.
There was no sit.
Besides it not happening anyway, if he had performed such an experiment, he would have had to see where a white person sat relative to another white person who was sitting surrounded by filthy refuse for it to mean anything 'rayzzt' at all.
Exactly. Someone with an ulterior motive wanting to prove “racism” is what it sounds like. Probably an ideologue who is obsessed with race and wanting to make a certain race feel guilty. It’s BS.
We are fooled day in day out, even when we sleep we are fooled. It never stops unless we stop breathing.
How much money is wasted on studies like these? How many are funded by tax payers??
Well, that's the thing.
They don't need to bother to apply for a grant or funding whichever they don't have any prying eyes. They just need to write it up!
Yawn
Nothing unusual about academics, people of authority, or in positions of trust telling lies.
Not a gardener here. I did think of carrots, and I recall thinking “oh that’s weird bc I wouldn’t be interested in growing carrots but rather kale or other greens.” Then he revealed the priming idea. I believed him. 🤷
....BUT DOCTORS NEVER LIE.
Psychologist aren’t doctors. But having said that, doctors do lie
And scientists who make vaccines..
@@gerafinali4384you people will jump at anything,eh? Replicability and burden of proof are valued rather more in sciences dealing with human living than.. this type of "experiments" that were never replicable. Medicine gathers data from thousands of people (and animals..) to even state that a treatment works even if it's just improvement of the old ones or use of technique known for centuries.
shameless. how can they accept the accolades knowing they're complete shams??!!
I will never understand cult followers. I cant imagine ever being manipulated this way. I immediately become weary when organizations ask for money for one.
I definitely can see it happening even to highly intelligent individuals.
@@mastaskep so its said. And i do believe we really dont know what we will do until we are in the situation.
People who end up joining cults often have childhood trauma. Problem solved..now read up on childhood trauma. Very simple..now you understand.
For me, I am always just waiting for their hand to come out asking for my crucial 'contribution'. It never fails. My time or my money is what it's going to take to deal with whatever the 'cause' is, apparently. I just don't think of myself as that important, thanks. They are all selling something, and that something is usually nothing.
@@WinkLinkletter taxes... This is when I realized the so called nation states became basically a con game. I even tried to verify where all the money goes and my country does not even have a budget detailed enough to know where over half of the money ended. How many fraudsters and free riders are there?
4:01 WHY DID I THINK OF A BANANA😭😭😭
I thought of eggplants bc that's what I'm growing. No carrots.
I thought 'tomato'. He said "your garden" and I've never grow carrots.
Yes, I know tomatoes are fruits.
I thought tomatoes too… I just like them. And I ignored all of the suggestions, cause I’m too focused on my own thoughts 🤔
Eggplant 🍆 for me. 😊
Vegetables are a culinary anyway (tubers, leaves, fruits, all can be veg)
I thought cabbage.
Same, although the video I watched before this talked about bloody Mary’s, so I was also thinking about tomato juice
I never lie so I always assume everyone is telling me the truth at all times. Even when I try and make a conscious effort to think that people around me are lying...I still think everyone is telling the truth.
Same here, at least until someone says something that doesn't make any sense which is usually their 3rd or 4th word.
I assume everything is a lie, I don't care about people's 'lies' people have their right to their lies but I believe what people say about themselves when they say it.
I am the same.
My friend said "did those people just take stuff out of the closed area"
I said "no the person in charge told me they were giving not taking"
Later I realised that the people were literally leaving with a bunch of stuff. They were leaving the place loaded up.
I figured it was stuff not needed or wanted.
Then the next time, I heard the person doing dodgy deals within earshot.
I then realised my friend was correct.
The person in charge had just blatantly lied to me, but it was a challenge to realise that.
Only later did I realise.
The next time I tested that in charge person.
They let me take stuff but the price was higher.
They probably remembered me questioning them, but believing the lies.
I paid either a "gullibility tax", or an "entry fee" into the corruption cycle.
Trust is now but a memory of our former humanity.
My comment has not appeared so I give up.
@@johnharrison2511 I saw your comment.
Look what you done, you made a fool of everyone
Just made fools look like fools
Sexy Sadie
People made fools of themselves. Many would rather continue to be fooled than acknowledge an inconvenient truth & admit they've been mocked, waffled & utilized.
Contrary to popular western belief, ignorance is not bliss, greed is not good & outsourcing own intellect to ideological grifters, on our little black mirrors is not free will.
This sh*t show will continue as long as there's a brow beaten audience, bedazzled by bilious bags of blustering bullsh*t!
When looking for a leader, we get off our knees & look in the mirror. Everything we are looking for is already within us. The way out is to go within.✌
People made fools of themselves. Many would rather continue to be fooled than acknowledge an inconvenient truth & admit they've been mocked, waffled & utilized.
Contrary to popular western belief, ignorance is not bliss, greed is not good & outsourcing own intellect to ideological grifters, on our little black mirrors is not free will.
This sh*t show will continue as long as there's a brow beaten audience, bedazzled by bilious bags of blustering bullsh*t! Whe looking for a leader, we get off our knees & look in the mirror. Everything we are looking for is already within us. The way out is to go within.✌
Isn't that a lyric to something?
As the old saying goes "those that can - do; those that can't- teach"
The good ones do both, but they are heavily outnumbered.
All those millions of kindergarten teachers around the world just couldn’t hack the expert world of professional kindergarten-ing so they had to fall back on merely teaching it.
Those who can’t teach, teach teachers. Take any education course and you’ll find so much BS that you’ll need a shovel to get out the door.
Wait a minute, I don't even have a garden!
The fact that Arieli lied in a book about honesty, it's absolutely hilarious
If that's true then why are the Chinese and Japanese countries classed as the cleanest but are super intolerant of black born natives
Because they will ruin your society. And the Japanese know that.
I thought of a tomato then remembered its a fruit
I was thinking of a tomato … now, I realize it isn’t actually a vegetable, but most people think of it as a vegetable.
I thought, "Wait. . . I don't have a garden. . .well, this is pointless"
A bunch of veggies came to mind but carrot wasn’t one of them
It was for me
Cabbage?
+1 watermelon initially, then tomatoes.
Spring onion
apple 🍎
TED Talks loves to give visibility to grifters.
TED talks need guests.
90% of the world is Stage Shy.
More than half of those that are not stage shy are not ready to present the world with their ideas.
By default, Any and all Interviews and Guest Lecturers will be much more likely to be a grifter or charlatan.
I thought tangerines at first, then thought about it being a fruit.
A perfect example of a circular argument. We are expected to believe the info in this video is real, because it successfully uses the same tactics it attacks. Very clever, but not clever enough.
I live in Arizona, I thought of a tomato- growing things isn’t easy here 😂😂😂
the fishy odour was metaphorical.
Habitual liars love to toy with outing themselves. They love to tell the truth strategically so that people thin’ they are being flippant or joking, and disbelieve it.
As a fan of Retraction Watch much of this is not new to me. However I did find it slightly amusing that the narrator put up the Retraction Watch Leaderboard and specifically said that Stapel sits in 7th place.He then circles Stapel's name, which is preceded by a figure that the Indian and Arab mathematicians have devised for us and it looks surprisingly like an EIGHT. Good thing I didn't fall for that " seventh place" nonsense! Also,as someone who was somewhat familiar with the fraught history of "priming" I was glad that the skepticism I had while watching the presentation was rewarded when the narrator admitted to the multiple lies/misrepresentations he had strewn throughout his presentation. An EXCELLENT video!!(except for the word "seventh" being symbolized by either a 90-degree rotated infinity,or,as we refer to it in New Jersey, an EIGHT!)
He lied because he is a liar.
Drs lying is horrendous. I still would try power poses.
Mind over matter.
"The simulacrum is never what hides the truth - it is truth that hides the fact that there is none. The simulacrum is true. "
What an idiotic study, but the funding are PERFECT news headline bait.
No you were absolutely not right I was sad thinking about how there are no vegetables in my garden right now and there are just skeletons of plants that died while I was on vacation. 😢
He also stole common trick used by realtors - baking apple pies or cinnamon rolls for house tours.
11:37 “Something incredible happened !” Turns out it was completely in-CREDIBLE. Not credible at all.
8:04 I've had people quoting this nonsense recently.
I didn't know it had been revealed as fraudulent, but it certainly doesn't fit with other studies and experience. The whole idea that discrimination is imagined is a powerful one for deniers.
The results of most of this research would be of little value even if they had not been fake.
To think of something … 3:42
Me : carot
Think of a vegetale in your garden. 3:55
Me: uh , ok pumpkin.
Hmm… what if it’s the author of this video who's lying about the scientists lying…? 😂
I actually thought the referee beer thing was total crap when you mentioned it
Me too. I've also found the comments more interesting than the video.
There's another factor...the awareness of entropy...that things decay and die, that far from mankind creating a better world it all seems to be going awry...that something is wrong. This awareness leads to anxiety and attempts to cope, a kind of mass PTSD. Finding a way to cope that is constructive not destructive is the challenge.
I thought of a strawberry. Its not a vege, but I didn't think of a vege.
Oddly, carrot and chair are often picked without priming!
I was thinking of a carrot before they even mentioned to pick a vegetable 👀
In the context of fraudsters I found the name Dr. Laughead pretty suspicious too 😅 laughably so.
Astonishing and no one noticed that the findings were just silly.
Imagine what they’ll do now with artificial intelligence
Why aren’t they asking these researchers to record their studies before they are published (even if secretly so as not to influence)…enough of these situations have occurred to not have some sort of risk management in place already.
I thought of a cucumber.
Too much forgiveness for dishonesty. This car insurance example is discussed thoroughly in The New Yorker and the researcher highlighted is still in business if my research is correct.
The summary reminds me of all religions and dictatorships
I thought tomato or corn I forgot u said something about the color orange and the Easter bunny 🤣
And we went to the moon.
These premises are absolutely ludicrous. Especially literal in regard to subject matter as ‘out of the box’, or the ‘warmth of the coffee’. RIDICULOUS……I thought it was a joke!!!😂
13:58 Wtf is this bread style 😂😂
Psychology is a soft science. It needs much more rigor than other sciences for that reason. His statue was the reason he wasn’t questioned.
Pharmaceutical and other corporate research also need to be more rigorous because the potential financial gain can incentivize questionable research practices.
The more private funding involved, the more oversight necessary.
Hell yeah, his back!
Well, the priming didn't quite work that way for me. Pumpkin.. but then I had to rethink because we don't grow pumpkins, so I went with courgette...
Adding those fake studies, before the reveal, made me question your ability to gauge a bad study as the description of studies felt those studies very hard to do as a well controlled study for.
Fabricated papers are becoming common in the science
I thought of a carrots because I saw it in the comments.
Same
Yeah me too
I only grow chili peppers…so I thought of a chili…
I thought tomato. But then I don't have a garden but my daughter does and she grows tomatoes.