Early Cenozoic Life- Megalodon Roamed, Mammals go Back to Sea, Huge Birds Hunt Horses | GEO GIRL
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- čas přidán 10. 07. 2024
- The Early Cenozoic Era, in the Paleogene period, was characterized by whales learning to swim after evolving from carivorous land mammals, huge sharks including Carcharadon megalodon, corals diversifying and taking over reef building, sand dollars and burrowing bivalves moving to shallow shorelines, early penguins & pinnipeds, shrinking forests, spreading grasslands and deserts, ungulate herbivorous grazers who diversified along with the grasses, and of course many other mammal groups as the Cenozoic is nicknamed the "Age of Mammals". These mammal groups that evolved in the Paleogene include bats, primates, even toed ungulates, odd toed ungulates, uranotheria, rodents, & large carnivores land predators like a 6 foot tall dog-hyena hybrid called Andrewsarcus and the first saber-tooth cats. Lastly, the birds whether flightless or flying were huge! One called diatrymas carried out the dinosaurs legacy as a huge flightless land predator, but thankfully those went extinct in the Eocene. ;)
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0:00 Major events in the Paleogene
2:06 Coral reefs after KPg extinction
3:39 Whales used to walk?
4:55 Megalodon sharks are real?
5:30 Sand dollars took over beaches
6:14 Penguins & Pinnipeds evolved
6:51 Climate change diminished forests
7:49 Grasses changed Earth forever!
8:58 Why Cenozoic is Age of Mammals
10:50 Bats evolved
12:02 Primates evolved
12:56 Ungulates evolved
14:16 Ungulates- horses became modernized
15:02 Ungulates- rhinos were largest land mammals
15:49 Rodents evolved
16:51 Carnivorous mammals evolved
18:18 All Birds were huge & terrifying
19:59 Related videos & references
Disclaimer: Links included in this description might be affiliate links. If you purchase a product or service with the links that I provide I may receive a small commission, but there is no additional charge to you! Thank you for supporting my channel so I can continue to provide you with free content each week! And as always, let me know your topic suggestions in the comments down below! - Věda a technologie
When I was working as a naturalist, I remember learning an old native American legend on how mammals got their wings. There was a game between birds and land animals, and these small rodents weren't allowed to play on the land animal team, so they begged the birds to allow them on their team. So the birds created wings for one rodent, and that became bats. They ran out of wing material, so they decided to stretch the other rodents skin, and that became flying squirrels. I didn't do the story much justice, but I remember the basics at least lol.
Haha, wow! I love that! That is such a good story and also a great way of remembering the mammals that fly! Lol I love the part where they ran out of wing material ;)
They also claim that they have always been in America, and reject the reality that they came across from Asia.
❤️❤️❤️ so stoked ur covering evolution!
Awww good to see the evolution of Blue Whale
Time to check these odd creatures out
I ❤️ GEO DIRL
Hope you liked it ;D
I like 👍🏻 all of your videos Rachel
I recently found your channel and I'm hooked. Stories of deep times perfectly presented.
So happy to here that! Thanks for the comment and your support ;)
I would watch the hell out of an in depth look at the evolution of flight across the mass extinctions, species, and eras.
Nice blanket
Gonna take a dip in the paleogenic sea.
NO, YOU DON"T WANNA DO THAT !
Hahaha absolutely not!
Again I am the first who's like and comment on your knowledgeable video 📸
Haha, yes, you are the fastest commenter out there! Thanks for the engagement ;)
7:00 Wow, so we still may not know where all the flowers have gone, but now we know where they came from.
Nowadays, whales and Artiodactyla are put together in one group called Cetartiodaclyla. The closest relatives to whales are actually hippos (the combined group is called whippos, which is too cute a name). From the sound of this, land whales must have been the hippo's carnivorous cousins.
On an 0.04 and 0.39 second in this video today is beautiful moment of mine
Haha I am glad you like it ;)
cool video , thanks.
Of course, glad you liked it ;D
The early cenozoic, when the rodents had horns, birds ate horses, with sheep in wolves clothing. (But horned rodents were more miocene)
Paraceratherium - the largest mammal of all time? Surely, that accolade goes to Balaenoptera Musculus, the Blue Whale.
I think I said 'land' mammal, right? If not, I meant to haha ;)
Those terror birds and megalodon had nothing compared to cute anime girls with big brain and internet magic :D
Wow I wish these Giant beasts would exist now but yeah otherwise we would not be alive lol😆
Haha yea, I go back and forth about wanting them around today or not lol
Great video
A world where whales used to dwell on land, rhinos that were bigger than elephants, large carnivorous hoofed land mammals with a meter long skull, and gigantic sharks big enough to bite whales in half. I can assure you that these magnificent creatures are no Scifi creations. They were big, they were unique, they were dangerous, and they were very much real.
Yea, but I am kind of glad that many of the large terrifying hungry ones are gone now hahaha ;)
And just think of the whales that were hunting those giant sharks...
@@GEOGIRL Yeah, I agree that some creatures are better off extinct, I’m perfectly fine with just reading about them in books and seeing their fossils at museums. At least they don’t have to put up with humanity’s nonsense these days.
@@Smilo-the-Sabertooth Hahaha yea that's true humans are making things difficult for all species 🤣
@@GEOGIRL Yeah very difficult indeed. Thank you very much for another outstanding video my friend, it’s one that I’ll be watching over and over again. As usual, it’s always such a tremendous pleasure for me to learn with someone as beautifully gifted and intelligent as you my favorite teacher. You’re absolutely amazing Rachel. 😊❤😉👍
Diatrymas is a name no longer used for this species, it is now united with Gastornis, the largest of which, G.Gigantea, stood about six feet tall. That's either a very small horse or a very large artistic licence. It is also now thought likely that these birds were not carnivores. Isotopic evidence and morphological traits suggest a herbivore, albeit a scary one.
It's a very small horse haha, as I discuss later in the video, the horses were much smaller then (2-3 ft tall, or less than 1 meter). Also, thanks for the correction on the name and their feeding habit! :)
Handing out as many likes and comments for your Almighty Algorithm as I manage to remember to do, since I play these while doing chores and other stuff. Loving your stuff!
Haha thank you! So glad you love my channel ;D
Imagine a world, if you will, where EVERYTHING WAS GIANT AND HUNGRY! That was the Paleogene. XD
Hahaha precisely ;)
I totally heard this comment as the "epic trailer movie voice" guy.
@@stephenmacartney 😂😂
Spectacular video !
Good, quality information delivered in a way that keeps the information moving forward.
Despite it being a fascinating topic presented well, what I noticed most was your demeanor. You seemed very happy and at easy which is a great way to be.
Whatever the cause may be, embrace it. It makes your presentations that much better !
Thanks so much! This comment made my day ;D
I have actually noticed this about myself as well, and I see a trend in that I seem more excited to talk about historical geology and geobiology than I am when talking about other topics like metamorphic petrology haha! 😅I need to work on being happier and more up beat when talking about the topics that I don't love as much..
In any case, I am very glad that my passion for this topic showed in this video because I honestly do love this stuff! :D
@@GEOGIRL I'm glad my observation helped to brighten your day !
Your bright presentation did the same for me !!
I'd kind of like to see an actual terror bird. Like, in a zoo, not running after me. They remain one of my 3 favourite ancient animals, along with trilobites, and dimetrodon.
Yes! Trilobites, Dimetrodon and terror birds is such a strong list haha ;D
You're an excellent teacher. I really enjoy your videos. .
Thank you so so much! So happy you thnk so, that makes my day ;D
Can you do a video on Madagascar's unique collections of animals?
I don't know, biology on modern Earth is really not my forte haha, but I will look into it and see ;) I am sure there is some sort of geological twist I could put on that
It's a pity that there are no toothed bird species around anymore.
I looked this up because I was curious if there were any left and it looks like there are still some! ;D coachellavalleypreserve.org/birds-with-teeth/ but not many, and their teeth are definitely not like they used to be
Hard to imagine the world without Grasses... Although it would probably look a lot like my front lawn when I lived in EP. lol.. It would be cool to go back in time and visit some of the Epochs but I would want to take along a Tank Battalion for safety.
Ye i know
What would a less advanced sand dollar be? A sand quarter?
sand dollars :D
In. This video.... you should wear your dinasor t-shirt 🤣🍻😇👌
Lol, what? why? There are no more dinosaurs at this point! hahaha🤣
@@GEOGIRL 😅😅.. right but.. it is related with video content..
@@ramchauhan5238 Haha true, I guess I need to buy more dino shirts so I can wear them every video LOL!
@@GEOGIRL yes..😅😅🤣 you are right..
Thank you for sharing this! BTW when I searched for Indohyus major in Wikipedia, I found it portrayed as an herbivorous artiodactyl, not as a carnivore (off course all artiodactyls eat some animals from time to time as it seems).
Q. 2. V. .t😊
😂
The walking whales lines have fascinated me. I recently managed to track down Thewissen’s book The Walking Whales so should get around to reading it once the field season (and analyses and reporting) calm down.
Was it just multituberculates lack of constant teeth growth that led to being out-competed/extinction or are other factors hypothesized?
I just finished my second read of The Walking Whales. Highly, highly recommend if you still haven’t been able to pick it up. Thewissen is great!
Thank you. I’ll make sure to read it next. Im just finishing Brusatti’s Rise of the Mammals and was debating what to read next.
Correction: author is Brusatte and book name is The Rise and Reign of the Mammals
Thanks geogirl, u made it very easy for us
So glad you like it ;D Thanks for the comment ;)
Fascinating stuff, thanks!
Of course! So glad you enjoyed it ;D
🎶Do you know the walking whales
-the walking whales?
-the walking whales
-earl-i in the mornin'!🎵🎵
🐴🐳🐾
Wait is that a song?? omg I have to know this song haha
@@GEOGIRL sry I wish but no. I mean it can be lol.. but I was just thinking "do you know the walking whales" to the 'muffin man' jingle and then added "early in the mornin" from the 'drunken sailor' shanty at the end.
@@tonyp6631 Oh! hahaha well we will make it a song then ;)
@@GEOGIRL I will help write lyrics but if I'm going into the recording booth for this song, I'm going to need at least a 5 minute triangle solo. I need it in writing. Sry to be a diva but I'm trying to get my triangle playing career going. I need this
@@tonyp6631 😂😂
I love these videos. This guy asked me a couple weeks ago at work how a virus evolved instead of it was created by mankind. I sucked in a bunch of air in my lungs and launched. This particular fella has two children. I went through my understanding of deep time and convinved him that there was more to the story than a clay and rib moulding god that made such things. I have shown this particular person some of your videos to articulate my point. This guy is a heavyweight boxer who gets pissed when he doesnt understand things. Stop stop stop. Listen to this.... que one of your videos. Thank you for making beautiful content. Okay so this thing evolved 1, 2, 3, hundred thousand years at a time.
Wow! You are one patient person, good for you! I love to try and help people understand too if they are curious and open-minded, but sometimes I find people are just close-minded so when that's the case I tend to just nod and smile hahaha
I’d be interested to learn more about the late Cenozoic era!
Glad to hear that because last week a new video came out about the mid-late Cenozoic life: czcams.com/video/vXjBMww8s84/video.html
And later today, I have a video coming out about mid-late Cenozoic climate: czcams.com/video/_VpzDyNY_wI/video.html
Hope you will check them out and enjoy ;D
It is wild.. Rocks wash up on the beach in chicago and they burn...
It is not at all surpising considering that coal is quite a commodity that is essential in making steal...
There is a lot of interest in like the 'hell pig'... Things that fight and bite but what about the bugs, botancials, PH minearal and heat ballances?
i love all of your videos. so helpful to my studies
Thank you! So glad to hear that Christine! Thanks for supporting my channel ;D
When birds ate horses I wonder how many dinosaurs looked like these huge bird. I hope tyranosaurus was not a humongus chicken. Would it be a good expirement to put corals into water with a different Magnesium-Calcium ratio? I wonder if they can adept and change there shape again.
Yes, that is a great experiment, people put corals into water with different Mg/Ca ratios and other chemical differences all the time! ;D But they wouldn't change their shape, just their skeleton chemistry to become in equilibrium with the waters.
I read that so-called elephant shrews (which are not actually shrews, but look like them) are actually related to elephants. They are so different apart from their snouts that you would think that the snout is really, really ancient, instead of being a recent appearance like in your diagram of elephant evolution.
5:00 I think the word you want is "extant.."
Look at me telling a PhD student what word is the opposite of extinct. I am so smart. 😋😋😋😋
Haha I know, but I used current instead because I didn't know if everyone knew extant. But thank you for mentioning that! I am sure some people reading these comments may not have known that ;)
@@GEOGIRL I figured that was why you used current. I just wanted to show off.
Personally, I was rather offended when they called the first Harry Potter book "Sorcerer's Stone" in the US because they thought American kids wouldn't know what a Philosopher was.
You knew what a Philosopher is when you were a kid, didn't you? I have more faith in the intelligence of most people.
How does one remember all the epochs, eras, ages, etc?
Boy, do I have a song for you?! hahaha -> czcams.com/video/3d_y1yK-p7w/video.html
Grasses are angiosperms
A while back I heard of Andrewsarcbus being a carnivore with huge jaws, but also hooves. I'm curious whether their feet are now believed to have been hooved or more like modern carnivores.
Oh great question, now I am curious! I'll have to look into that ;D
Only the skull is known. However it likely had pig like hooves as it’s not related to the group Carnivora. It’s likely an Enteldont and the closest living ancestor it has are hippos
You might already be doing this, but it would be fun if you just started making things up for a few minutes and challenge us to find out the fictional parts.
Oh that's a fun idea haha! ;D
I suppose, Rachel, that you've watched the BBC's excellent 2001 "Walking with Beasts" series? If you haven't I really do recommend it and in the first episode one of the animals they show is Ambulocetus ( czcams.com/video/LbUmyOIuiqs/video.html ) and the terminally cute Leptictidium ( czcams.com/video/-SHBNIuv8-E/video.html ). If it were possible, Rachel, would you love to have a Leptictidium as a pet? I suspect they'd make a good pet.
Nice video...and as well as your look..
Thank you ;)
@@GEOGIRL most welcome..🙃🙃
Your Andrewsarchus info is out of date. It’s an even toed ungulates related to entelodonts
Yea! I unfortunately learned that after making the video, I'll have to do a follow up soon. Thanks for pointing that out! This will help people in the comments know ;)
@@GEOGIRL other wise love your videos. 🤘🏻
@@GEOGIRL there is also an interesting relationship with afrotheria ( elephants, hyrax, etc ) and Xenarthra.
How big were the predatory birds, and how many different kinds were there?
This seems like old out of date classifications?
These giant equid-eating birds were close extinct relatives of birds like eagles, secretarybirds, hawks, buzzards, harriers, kites, ospreys, vultures, falcons, kestrels, hobbies, falconets, caracaras, and seriemas, Gastornithids were part of the extinct suborder Gastornithes, which is a primitive suborder of Birds of Prey (order Falconiformes), another group of large flightless birds of prey were the terror birds (family Phorusrhacidae), which are extinct relatives of the seriemas (family Cariamidae), there are nine extant families of Birds of Prey (order Falconiformes) Cariamidae (Seriemas), Sagittariidae (Secretarybird and Fossil Relatives), Aquilidae (Eagles), Accipitridae (Hawks, Buzzards, Harriers, and Kites), Pandionidae (Ospreys), Aegypiidae (Old World Vultures), Caracaridae (Caracaras), Falconidae (Falcons, Kestrels, Hobbies, and Falconets), and Cathartidae (New World Vultures), Birds of Prey (order Falconiformes) are part of the superorder Henoaves (Primitive Neognaths), which is only more derived than the superorder Palaeognathae (Ratites and Tinamous) but is basal to both Aequornithes (Higher Waterbirds) and Telleraves (Higher Landbirds), Henoaves contains four extant orders, Opisthocomiformes (Hoatzin and Fossil Relatives), Falconiformes (Birds of Prey), Galliformes (Gamebirds), and Anseriformes (Waterfowl), the birds of prey are only more derived than the hoatzin and its fossil relatives but is basal to both the gamebirds and waterfowl.
Wow this is such great information! You are quite the bird expert, so impressive! And it's is so interesting because I thought they would be more closely related to flightless brids like ostriches than raptors😯 Thanks so much for sharing all of this ;D
Hey Gorgeous, funny that you're talking about the Cenozoic Era. I've actually learned that in high school way back so I'm familiar with the animals that lived back then!! They are not the only ones also the Mosasaurus also evolved from land to sea. By the way I love your hair color its natural right? Dark Browns my favorite color, it matches those Beautiful blue eyes of yours! X)
Thank you so much, you are too sweet! And yes, my hair is naturally dark brown, the bottom half is a tad lighter from previous color, but the top part is the natural color. And my eyes are hazel actually, but I am very glad to hear they come off blue! haha ;D
@@GEOGIRL Your welcome :) and thanks but I'd say if you were candy you'd be sweeter x) haha XP I'm glad I was somewhat right except for the eyes XD and Yes It does come up Blue its Beautiful, It must be because of the lighting that it changes your eyes color x) But thanks for confirming about your hairs color :D by the way Hazel are my eyes color wow that's amazing that you have the same color as mine x) but they don't turn blue more like a lighter brown for me when it hits the light :) and your hair color is the same as mine. Mine is also a Dark Brown :D it's like we have things in common XD isn't funny? I'd like to talk to you in email if that's okay with you just to see what else we might have in common XD If not that's okay too No worries x)
love from INDIA
How hot and psi to form agates?
Well that's a tricky question, because agates can either form by crystallization of a melt which occurs at high T (whatever T glass crystallizes at), but they can also form by precipitation of silica from fluid which can occur at a range of temperatures depending on how saturated the fluid is in silica content.
Hello geo girl
Don't spam her comment section man, seems creepy 😹
Hello! :D
@@geoscilove6609 Yea, but it gives me engagement LOL 😂
@@GEOGIRL haha yes
So for example the walking whale ambulocetus hunted fish 🐠 in the sea pakicetus ate fish 🐠 and the Megalodon was capable hunting whales 🐋 we know it hunted the biting sperm whale 🐳 and terror birds hunted horses 🐎
Haha, essentially yes, quite a terrifying and large time in history ;)
I love your videos. Keep up the good work.
you poor thing, your teachers forcing you to learn nonsense. but your presentation gets an A in my book.