What is global circulation? | Part Three | The Coriolis effect & winds
Vložit
- čas přidán 15. 03. 2018
- In this third, and final, video in the Global Circulation series we look at how the rotation of the Earth influences our winds through the Coriolis effect and gives us jet streams and prevailing wind patterns.
Part 1: • What is global circula... Part 2: • What is global circula...
More information: www.metoffice.gov.uk/learning...
You may also enjoy:
- Podcasts exploring weather and climate • Weather podcast series
- Daily weather forecasts • UK national weather fo...
- Deep dive in-depth forecasts • Deep Dive Forecast UK
Make sure you subscribe so you never miss a single lesson about the weather or climate czcams.com/users/MetOfficeLe...
We are the Met Office, the UK’s national weather service, and every day of the week we bring you a morning weather forecast and an afternoon weather forecast so that wherever you are in the UK we have you covered. Forecasts and any weather warnings are accurate at time of recording.
To ensure you have the most up to date weather information, check the hourly forecast and live warnings on the Met Office website or app.
The words in text:
"As well as being split into three cells, the global circulation pattern is at an angle due to the earth's rotation
the spin of the earth induces an apparent motion to the right in the northern hemisphere
the key to the coriolis effect lies in the fact that the earths surface rotates faster at the equator than at the poles. this is because the earth is wider at the equator so has further to travel in one day. the result of this means that as air moves away from the equator it doesnt movein a straight line relative to the earth's surface. instead, it appears to an observer on the ground to move in a slightly curved direction but there is no physical force causing this deflection. as the atmosphere rotates with the earth it is just due to air flowing from a region that is moving faster to a region that is moving more slowly. to explain this further, imagine an air parcel as a ball. The ball is thrown from the equator towards a point near the north pole. even thought it is thrown in a straight line the ball will appear to an observer on the ground to curve away and land to the right of its target as the point near the north pole is moving more slowly and has not caught up. if the ball is now thrown from the north pole towards a point near the equator it will again appear to a surface observer to land to the right of the target. but this time, its because the earths surface at the equator is moving faster and has moved ahead of the ball. this deflection is a major factor in explaining why winds blow anticlockwise around low pressure and clockwise around high pressure in the northern hemispere and vice versa in the southern hemisphere. So, when flowing towards the north pole, air is deflected towards the east and when travelling southwards back towards the equator, it is deflected westwards. the same overall result occurs in the southern hemisphere. how does this lead to eastwards flowing jet streams and prevaling winds? as air moves away from the equator at the top of the hadley cells toward higher latitudes it starts to be deflected by the coriolis force. Just as a skater spins faster by bringing their arms and legs closer to their bodies air moving away from the equator speeds up as it gets closer to the earths spin axis. this process is known as the conservation of angular momentum. the magnitude of the coriolis force increases towards the poles so by the time the air reaches 30º to 40º north or south it is moving in an eastward direction. This subtropical jet stream occurs high in the atmosphere between 12 - 15 kilometres. It is associated with some of the strongest winds on Earth reaching over 280 miles per hour at times. As this jet sits between the descending branches of the Hadley and Ferrel cells, ther is little associated weather. The Polar front jet forms in a different way. This jet sits etween the rising branches of the Polar and Ferrel cells. It marks the boundary between cold polar air and warm tropical air, known as the Polar Front. The Polar Front Jet occurs at a height of between 11 - 13 km and is the result of the temperature contrast across the Polar Front. The stronger the temperature contrast across the front, the stronger the jet. So it follows that the Polar front jet is stronger in the winter than the summer. Waves or ripples along the jet stream can cause Atlantic depressions to deepen explosively as they are steered towards the UK. Winds at the surface are also subject to deflection from the Coriolis Force. The surface flow of the Hadley cells form the persistent trade winds. As air flows towards the equator it is deflected towards the west in both hemispeheres forming the northeast trade winds in the northern hemisphere and the southeast tade winds in the southern hemisphere. The persistence ot these winds allowed sailing ships to cross the Atlantic and opened up trade routes between Europe and America givin them their name. The surface wind in the Ferrel cells would flow from a southerly direction in the Northern Hemisphere. But the Coriolis effect causes this wind to be deflected to the right leading to the prevailing westerly and south-westerly winds often experienced over the UK. This set-u is not uniue to our planet. Jupiter also has circulation cells similar to those on Earth. A day on Jupiter lasts for about 9.5 hours, so it is rotating much more quickly that the Earth. The great size and fast rotation of this planet makes the Coriolis effect very strong. This splits the Jovian atmosphere into many circulation cells in each hemisphere producing numerous alternating bands of rising and falling air and giving Jupiter a distinctly striped appearance."
ok...
@@taz0412 loo
@@clazermolin6264 ???
@@taz0412 hi
God that's long and thanks for typing a very long... Idk what that's called
The best weather pattern and Coriolis effect explanation ever. Thank you.
This is cap ,when we have trees and water and clouds that gives us air,we wouldnt need the rotation,y’all basically ssying earth is a living thing and its job its to spin and we just destroy it everyday from factorys ,how can eartj be spining for us jisy for us to destroy it
Mate, pass through year one before trying to use big words like “easy” or, “factory”, just because this makes no sense to you, doesn’t mean you have the right to prove it wrong 😂
Lol this is pretty helpful, but my head is still spinning like that little red ball
Me too. I feel you
Same
Im here bc of school :(((
Same here
Same!
I'm just starting to learn about this, seeing Jupiter all my life, and now putting all this information into what I saw all my life, that made my jaw drop.
I never understood and always quizzed about tropical rain forest and desert regions and never could figure it out with just looking at maps and trying to understand it.
Who would have though there's these patterns in the air flow systems on our earth.
Well made videos for the general public to visually understand these concepts. Thank you for these videos!
Very difficult to explain this stuff without all these 3D animations, very good explanation
Thanks a lot. It cleared my confusion of Jet Streams very smoothly.
This is the best video I've sieved through the many. Excellent explanation, really simplifies the concept! Thank you.
Finally I managed to understand the Corriolis Effect, thank you!
This is genius I love you. Nobody has been able to really well explain/visualize the coriolis force.
Best video ive seen so far, excellent explanation. Thank you
Thank you for creating this amazing video for students
I love the gentle music so much
Great explanation! Here is an addition: The effect is even stronger on jupiter, as its equator region rotates slightly quicker.
Superb explanation. Thank you.
bro they did not explain this well in highschool
Mine didn’t even begin to describe this. I had to search it up on my own.
High school?!?!?!? Their showing me this now in 6th grade!
@@marie._.yelianis huh??
Highschool?! Im leading this rn in 6th grade
@@crystalnotfound3860 I am 1000% sure you do not go into the amount of depth as I did four years ago in high school. Every process you learn right now goes 100 feat deeper than u are doing right now.
This is the best video on CZcams, I had been struggling for so long. Thanks🧡
My search for better explaination, ended here. Thanks a lot
This is majestic truly
I've been studying atmospheric chemistry to better understand research with my professor, and it finally makes total sense now, This is a great video.
I still don't get it. She says winds blow anti-clockwise around low pressure (Northern hemisphere) but the arrows show them moving clockwise.
@@northern_lights87individually, yes. Might be an unfortunate edit. I think the three arrows should be considered as ‘one - in which case, is ‘anti-clockwise’. Yes?
@@razzle1964 🤔
@@razzle1964 I know that what she's saying is true, but I still can't get my head around the arrows.
@@northern_lights87 I probably didn’t explain myself very well & wholly agree with your view - each of the 3 arrows (individually) do indeed move in a clockwise motion. When considered as a single ‘weather pattern’ however, I took it to be an anti-clockwise motion.
Thanks! Awesome video!
This is really helpful. Cheers!
This was extremely satisfying cause looking at still diagrams alone made this really difficult to understand.
yes, that is true. And the way the animations move makes it so much easier to understand.
Explained so well
Excellent production.
Thank you❤️
From Sri Lanka 🇱🇰😍
Excellent! Much appreciated.
Very helpful thanks
This is very good video thanks for the video
superb..what an explanation
Very interesting video!
that's a well made vedio! Can I use some of your videos for my class?
Amazing visuals! Thank you for making this concept easier to understand!
Excellent! MUch appreciated.
Thank so much!!
Does the subtropical jet which forms at 30-40 N/S is another form of rossby waves.
Bcz rossby waves are also forming at the same latitudes and moreover rossby waves occur due to earth's rotation.
Please correct me if i am wrong.
Thanks for explaining it in retailed 👍.
very good video and explanation. Thank you!
why is the deflection due to coriolis force in the opposite direction in temperate zone as that in the tropical zone?
Great video!
COREOLIS: "this effect only happens on objects that are in motion"
LIGHT: "not to me, I am moving too fast, lol".
COREOLIS: "no, because you are not a particle you are a wave!"
LIGHT: "hm, but if you watch me I am a particle, at least so they say."
So...Blackholes may have "LIGHT WINDS" !!
@@krishnachaitanya2977 Black holes do in fact have electromagnetic radiation winds that project outward.
This is a very simplified explanation. Air moving parallel to the equator will also be deflected by the Coriolis force.
So I'm confused. The wind is moving in the opposite direction from that of the ball in the example. How is the wind moving ahead of the slower turning surface?
Great video
If higher contrast of temperatures at the polar front means stronger jet streams, why is the stream stronger in winter?
Thanks!!
why is the yellow line at 1:56 not straight, while the line at 2:11 the red line is straight?
Our little blue marble sure is amazing
this is so confusing i-
Yass finally
Thank you, very helpful
Very helpful video 👏👏
Make your mind up, its either an apparent deviation or an actual deviation, or as you state a force!
So which one is it, because it can't be both!
Thank you
thanks
Thank you I think we can shall may vphv understand the importance, truth and value of wind system cycle and movements and how our actions like planting trees, parks affect the temperature in positive ways but how negative energies like deforestration unnatural processes meat shops etc rise temperature affect wind movements and disturb the earth wind cycle and its health at any cost........
2019 - Jan, Arctic/Polar Vortex, North America.
I understand when the ball is thrown out from the poles to the equator, but when the ball is thrown from the equator to the poles should have a curve in the opposite direction since the poles rotate slower. I even tried to use a sponge ball to visualize it.
I understand about the Coriolis effect, but this illustration from the equator to the pole confuses me.
thanks, you having the same confusion probs saved me an hour of trying to figure out where my mistake in thought was.
Anyone else being forced to watch this in geography class
Yup
Yup
As a geography teacher, I'm so sorry. No freedom of choice here...
It doesn’t explain a lot and I am too.
Thankyou so much it made my day
3:45 why do you use kilometres here and then miles at 3:53? If you use one or the other in the beginning, please stay consistent. Thanks
In the RAF / Air Farce we were told that the wind doesn't blow, it sucks.
Thnkyuuuu
Can we use this Coriolis effect in air travel? Why is it that I always have the same travel time by plane even the plane is in opposition with the earth rotation?
Form my understanding because the air you're flying in rotates the same as the earth underneath it for the most part. So you're basically stuck in position even if you leave the surface since the air you're flying in rotates at roughtly the same speed as the ground itself. This is leaving out winds and the like.
There is a reason it's called the jet stream, just like there is a reason it's called the trade winds.
Pilots ALWAYS calculate this effect when operating an aircraft
Yes, pilots will try to make the most of this effect. Why do you think aircraft often adjust their height ?
Superb explanation I understood this
Explanation and video are perfect, only music a bit hampers.
1:54 shouldn't it be left?
Mam does ball were going straight
What the air moves with the earth ,what about north and south winds
In earlier times our Jet Stream was shown as less wavy than these sudden 4-6 days events of weather patterns which are changing more due to total ice melt being imminent. North being out of balance with the South by man activity in bulk movement of ores. Earth not able to sustain a stable spin, is by the laws on land. Every Spinning mass has a critical speed. On Earth it would in be restraining bearings. In space it is free to wander in search of stability with no restraints.!
This would entail a random unknown and must get further away from Solar influences or worse, closer. Away would have a polar freedom advantage , in cooler climate, of refreeze. Plus polar positional change , to whatever control Gravity allows .
Earth will be like a Balloon in a maelstrom or under whatever strong attraction is closest to it. Until it is back to some stable orbit. The initial reason for the melting from below Earths crust, has to have been via its energy collection from our Sun.
we are not able to do anything on Earth at this late stage. The NASA statement and video of our Sun and all its Planets, are in a , or passing through a Cosmic Cloud. This could explain the energy increase. Maybe just after the Turn of the century.
Love from india
Ok, i completely understand the concept of the winds moving to the left near the equator but it doesnt make sense that the winds move to the right in the ferrel cells. The earth moves east to west and doesnt add up to the easterly winds
Hey Donavan, I'm also studying this subject and hopefully explaining it to you will help my comprehension of it. So to understand the Coriolis effect we need to understand that the Speed of where we are in space is relative to our latitude, the Earth Spins anticlockwise so we're travelling West to East and technically we're travelling faster at the equator than we are at the poles.
So if we take a block of wind at the equator moving Northerly, then that block of air is technically moving at 1000mph. (If the earth just suddenly stopped moving, we'd all get thrown to the east right?) as it moves North and latitude increases to around 40 degrees, the ground would only be travelling at around 780mph, but our wind is still travelling as if it was still at the equator, 1000mph, therefore the wind would "Overtake" the land as it progress North and we would get a deflection to the right. In the Northern Hemisphere, Coriolis deflects wind to the right, and in the Southern Hemisphere Coriolis deflects to the left.
So if the wind was coming from the North to the equator, then the wind starts at a slower position moving South with decreasing latitude the Earth's spin is much faster and therefore the wind "Lags" behind the increasingly faster Surface speeds and would deflect to the west.
This is where we get our trade winds, air descending from between the Hadley and Ferrel Cells move towards the equator and are both deflected to the west because of Coriolis. The wind from the Southern Hemisphere deflects left and the wind from the Northern Hemisphere deflects right, so both winds deflect from the East to the West hence a persistent Easterly wind around the Equator.
I hope this helps and is relatively accurate, I've only been studying this topic for a day lol.
Luke Talbott i looked into it and you are right but you explain it way better than any source I could find online. Makes huge amounts of sense the way you put it. Thanks a ton!!
@@Luke-it5oz what proportion of the winds at the top of the hadley cell form the sub tropical eastward jet stream compared to the winds that descend and travel back south west to the equator?
here for class but, anyone know the background music? sped it up 1.5x and sounds like something from blade runner
The conservation of angular momentum explanation at 3:08 ignores the air that surrounds the skater. I know this is the officially accepted explanation. The fact is that this explanation requires that we ignore the air that surrounds the spinning skater. When her arms are outstretched she is presenting more resistance than when her arms are at her sides. Just move your hand fast, and you will feel the effect of the air. This is why she spins faster when her arms are at her side. Why is the atmosphere ignored? Are we supposed to think that the skater is skating in a perfect vacuum?
That is not how conservation of angular momentum works... air resistance is negligible
see u soon
Chicago being called the windy city isbc of this effect
how i can understand this video when my english still below intermediate level
👍👌👌
why is the coriolisforce working from east to west?
It works for both ways. If the mass of air goes from the equator to the poles, it will bend to the east because they are faster then the surface of the Earth at high latitudes.
@@rafaelnubile Thank you for your reply, but my question was why is the wind drifted to the right side (northhemisphere) when the airmass is going straigt from point A to B and both theses points are on the same degree of latitude. So like the Air Mass ist going from west to east.
Leonard Effenberger it was clear to me in other video. The equator has more speed then the high latitudes, like a bike weel, a point in latitude 0° needs more speed to make a turn (one day) then a point in the same meridian, but in latitude 80°. The air above equator has it’s same speed. When it moves to the North, it will keep the speed of equator which is faster then the ground on the higher latitude. If the air is faster then the ground under, it wont stay in the same meridian, it will cross the meridians like an airplane, making this turn to the right.
Leonard Effenberger czcams.com/video/HIyBpi7B-dE/video.html
i'm so lost
lol you're not alone sis
same lol
SUBSCRIBED
A suggestion: stop putting those ads for the next video on the end of all your videos. I don't think 'Oh, I must click on that!' I just think 'Why the hell are they stopping me from viewing this video!'
Because you're not paying for this information in any way. They must make an income somehow.
i get it
Why does the background music sound like the league of legends music when waiting in queue 😂
great video, but head is still spinning
If Earth was spinning at 1000 mph the winds would be more constant & directional.
no
But me geography teacher is saying this is not point of view from geography side😂😁❤️👍🙏
Tough to understand
This comment is for everyone in here claiming "iT mAkEs So mUcH sEnSe"... How???
How could wind possibly go in the opposite direction of the "spin" of the earth?
Because a lower pressure area can be to the west of a higher pressure area, and the air air moves from higher to lower pressure?
Anyone else notice that the north pole was greenland
"It appears to a surface observer that the ball lands to the right of the target" (2:01) Well it certainly appears so from the fixed observer (who has the same view as the video) as well 😂
@Kev Alan You might want to look at the CZcams video on coriolis effect by WhatThePhysics
Technically it's not rising and falling "air" on Jupiter...
So what technically is "Air"? Kinda like God.
🤔🤔🤔
Please show this video to a flat earther
Excellent! No flat Earth bullshit on this video! Shut them the fuck up!
And the mountains and the ocean has a bit to do with all this
your waffling
Background Music reminds me of Chernobyl
Why do they use the word cells to describe air winds? They call marrying couples Marriage. Yeah so what is a global circulation then.
Homework anyone 😂
How can people believe that the earth is flat??
Have you thought about asking some of them?
It is all to do with density.. These people are really very, very DENSE!!! 🤪
So moving 1000 miles an hour eastward causes all the different wind directions
BULL