How Did The Regions Of Italy Get Their Names?
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- čas přidán 1. 09. 2020
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SOURCES AND FURTHER READING
Regions Of Italy: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regions...
Italy On Etymonline: www.etymonline.com/word/italy
Aosta Valley: archaeology-travel.com/destin....
Trentino: places.behindthename.com/name...
Piedmont: www.travelmyne.com/europe/ital...
Lombardy: www.etymonline.com/word/Lomba...
The Lombards: www.britannica.com/topic/Lomb...
Veneto: www.etymonline.com/word/venice
Friuli Venezia Giulia: www.aledo.it/mediasoft/italy/f...
Italian Linguistic Diversity: www.translit.ie/blog/italian-...
Liguria: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligures
Emilia-Romagna: www.wordsense.eu/Aemilius/
Tuscany: www.britannica.com/place/Tuscany
Umbria: www.essentialitaly.co.uk/blog...
Umbri: www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingLi...
Marche: www.aledo.it/mediasoft/italy/m...
Lazio: www.zainoo.com/en/italy/lazio...
Sardinia: totalsardinia.com/how-did-sar...
Sardonic: www.etymonline.com/word/sardonic
Sicily: www.essentialitaly.co.uk/blog...
Abruzzo: www.essentialitaly.co.uk/blog....
Molise: en.comuni-italiani.it/14/
Campania: www.bellaitaliaproducts.com/en...
Apulia: en.comuni-italiani.it/16/#:~:t....
Basilicata: www.italianamericanherald.com...
Calabria: slowitaly.yourguidetoitaly.com....
What region are you watching from?
Batman, Turkey
bond, James Bond
The American Midwest. We can't all be interesting
Campania!
Northeast USA
Only real Italians know that Molise's real name is actually Molisn't.
I’m honestly done with the jokes about Molise not existing
Pls stop
I’m not even from Molise but I’m offended
vero ahahah
@@moonlightisgreedy1027 Why?
@@moonlightisgreedy1027 bruh...
@@pumpkin91ful idk
It’s funny but not when everyone says it yk
Veneto does NOT take its name from Venezia (Venice, that did not exist yet), but from the ancient population of the Veneti. Augustus made the region part of the administrative Regio X of Venetia et Histria.
It's actually Venezia that takes its name from the Veneti and the Venetia regio.
Precisely, Venice was called Rialto at fist (yes like the bridge today). btw except for this little mistake the video was very well done!
Just a small note; when you talked about Vèneto you said that it has its own language along with Italian.
I wanted to say that every Italian region has its language, which itself is then divided in local dialects
I.e.: Lombardia has Lombardo or Lumbàrt; which is further divided into Eastern Lombard (Lumbàrt Urientàl) and Western Lombard (Lumbàrt Uccidentàl). They have different words and different writing systems but the grammar is mostly the same. Each one of them then has city variants, for example, even though Milan and Como (Milàn e Còm) are both in the Western Lombard speaking area, each city's dialect varies in small things. Some words are different, the way of speaking might be different etc. but they fundamentally speak the same language.
This kind of fragmentation is present all throughout Italy where regional languages are different enough from Italian and each other to be called different languages. Almost all of them are recognised by UNESCO and Ethnolongue as minority languages structurally different from Italian.
The problem is that Italy does NOT recognise them as such and it would be great if channels like yours spread correct information regarding such precious yet endangered languages.
Here's a full list of languages native to Italy
ROMANCE AND GALLO-ROMANCE
Franco-Provençal (native but not exclusive to Italy)
Occitan (native but not exclusive to Italy)
Piedmontese
Ligurian
Lombard
Emiliano-Romagnolo
Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
Venetian
Catalan (native but not exclusive to Italy)
Tuscan
Central Italian
Neapolitan and varieties
Sassarese and Gallurese
Sardinian
Friulan
GERMANIC
South Tyrolese
Carinthian Bavarian (native but not exclusive to Italy)
Cimbrian Bavarian
Mòcheno Bavarian
Walser (native but not exclusive to Italy)
SLAVIC
Slovene (native but not exclusive to Italy)
Serbo-croatian (native but not exclusive to Italy)
OTHER
Albanian (native but not exclusive to Italy)
Greek (native but not exclusive to Italy)
Thank you, him not mentioning the other regional languages really irked me ahah
Edit: I am no expert, but shouldn't there be Ladino, also?
@Topher TheTenth the Ladino I'm referring to is spoken on the Alps.....maybe there's another language with a similar name? I don't know
@Topher TheTenth If I can give my two cents: Italian is derived from Tuscan, but they are not completely the same, the language went through different stages of refinement (let's not forget Manzoni), soTuscan is considered one of the dialects and not just "Italian", even tho obviously it's the closest one. For what I've read (very little) Tuscan and Romanesco are considered the closest ones to standard Italian. That said I suppose Just Rick simply forgot to mention Romanesco (and Ladino I guess).
An Italian "identity" already existed throughout the peninsula way before the 19th century, the only thing lacking was the political unification. I think (I'm going off what I remember from highschool here, apologies) they chose to use Tuscan because it had already been established for centuries as a literary language thanks to Dante etc, and also Dante somewhat advocated for the unification of the peninsula and was held as a cultural hero by the revolutionaries. Manzoni and the others then refined it to the language that it is today. And Rome wasn't even the first capital of the Kingdom of Italy, it was Turin, so they couldn't have chosen Romanesco as official "Italian" even if they'd wanted to.
@Topher TheTenth Wow I had no idea... one always has to be very, very specific then!
@Topher TheTenth The problem is that a lot of "dialects" are older than the Italian language or even the Tuscan one.
If they developed in parallel they can't be considered a dialect even if they can have an high degree of intelligibility.
If you take a person that speaks only Sicilian, one that speaks only friulian and one that speaks Spanish I would bet the Sicilian would understand better the Spaniard than the other Italian.
In Italy there are no Italian dialects, any "Italian dialect" is in reality a regional language that is older than the Italian or a regional language dialect(usually a mixture between the regional language and the standard Italian)
The "Romagna" name was a nick by bizantines to indicate that part of Italy, aka Rome, under their control whose political center was the city of Ravenna
In the past the city of Ravenna was called Navenna (🇮🇹nave-nna) (🇬🇧boat-nna) but when Roman empire switch their capital from Rome to Navenna they also changed the name of the City in Ravenna
@@riccardousai9973
Ehm... any source?
It doesn't make any sense if the "Classis Ravennatis" was operative at Augustus time.
@@FlagAnthem the source is that i'm from that city and our teachers teached that. I don't know if you can find same source on google. I personallity find just 1 short article about that. But anyway if you know the history of ravenna you can get how this name makes sense because Navenna was a city similar to venice . In fact Ravenna lands and Ronagna was a swamp so named this city with the name "boat" makes sense
@@riccardousai9973
Forse
Ma è altresì interessante come la spiegazione più accreditata vuole il termine di origini umbre ed etrusche, come effettivamente le popolazioni insediate prima dei Romani. La radice "Rave" indoeuropea indica l'acquitrino, la palude.
Direi poi che se già ai tempi di Augusto si chiamava "Ravenna" quest'altra interpretazione non ha molto senso.
@@FlagAnthem ok quello che dici tu ha senso. Per quanto so io infatti "enna"dovrebbe essere un suffisso etrusco il chè indicato che la città è stata fondata dagli etruschi. Per la parte iniziale del nome ovviamente bisogna capire perchè avrebbe senso come nome "Rave" a indicare il termine palude ma avrebbe altrettanto senso "nave".
Io ti ho dato la versione che conosco forse se le cose sono come dico io il nome della città non è stato cambiato quando è stata spostata la capitale ma già direttamente alla sua conquista da parte dell' impero romano. Ad ogni modo ciò che è certo è che in città si parla di "Navenna" come primo nome poi ovviamente è tutto da confermare, anche perchè su internet c'è poco niente.
BASILICATA is actually the only italian region that has 2 name, and the one that you don't have mentioned is LUCANIA which is the older one :)
Living in Sicily and reading a book on Sicilian history, hope I can help: "Even the origin of the name is a mystery. If, as has been suggested, it derives from the Greek 'sik' which is applied to plants and fruits that grow quickly, it might mean 'fertility island', but no one really knows. The old name was Trinacria, referring to Sicily's vaguely triangular shape."
That means that the sicels (sikeloi in Greek) were the "island people", right?
This’ll be useful for linking to people when they ask about the F1 races in Toscana/Tuscany (Mugello) and Emilia Romagna (Imola)
what's your prediction on how poor ferrari will be?
@@ushapedsofa7363 I’m a Leclerc fan, I’d rather not think about it.
Azeria fair enough, do you think this slump in form is genuine or because they are putting all resources into the regulation changes
?? Does anybody really talk about F1 any more? From a former fanatic.
@@dbfhorses yes, if anything it’s increasing in popularity since the new commercial rights holders took over.
Sardinia come from shardana (one of the sea people )the Greeks called it ichnusa; the Romans :sandalia .in both languages it means "footprint)or shoe from the shape of the island
So I'm drinking "one of the sea people"
Same as sicily, they were called shekelesh, part of the sea people along mycenians, shardana and other small mediterranean island dwellers
I'm pretty sure that Basilicata is named after the Basileus because that part of Italy was colonized by the Greeks, who used the title Basileus for their kings. That's why the Byzantine emperors would also use the title. Plus, Basilicata was ruled by the Byzantine Empire for about 500 years, from the reign of Justinian until the Normans conquered it.
Robert G basilicata also means “basiled” or flavored with basil.
The ancient name of Basilicata was Lucania, this name is still often used today and the inhabitants of Basilicata define themselves as Lucanians. The name Lucania was used throughout the Roman period, but after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, this region was ruled for a long time by the Byzantines (i.e. the Eastern Roman Empire) and it is for this reason that today Lucania is called "Basilicata", from the Greek-Byzantine "Basileus". Nothing to do with the Greek colonies of Magna Graecia in the pre-Roman period.
The name Friuli Venezia Giulia refers to the fact that the region is a conglomeration of two historical regions: Friuli ( the whole region except trieste) and Venezia Giulia ( a former part of the Hapsburg empire comprising Trieste, parts of Slovenia and Istria).
Fvg is my favourite region.
@@leonardodavid2842 my mother was born in udine and I visit family as often as I can. Udine is a beautiful city, lots of history, fantastic food and wine and just a short drive to the mountains, swim in the crystal clear waters of the fiume tagliamento which is a braided river straight out of the dolomites followed by the best prosciutto in San daniele del friuli. There is so much to see and do and I highly recommend a visit.
As a Slovene, I have to say this......TRST JE NAŠ!!!!
@@alengrm7488 love Slovenia, my last visit was to the tolmin gorge.
@@alengrm7488 That is top meme for Triestini memelords.
"Tuscany"... Shows the fresco of "the School of Athens" which is in Rome (Vatican) and painted by Raffaello (from the region of Marche)
Can you talk about the Basque in the future, they have a very unique language.
They really do! In fact my channel name is Basque!
@@Azeria I'll check out your channel then
That's a good idea.
The only proto-indo-european langauge thats still spoken
NO. Non Indo - European languages such as Georgian, Magyar, Hungarian, and Maltese are still spoken.@@nadersherif5712
Good video, just two errors:
4:25. The “Venezia Giulia” (Julian Venice) comes from the eastern part of the region + Istria and Dalmatia, in today Croatia and Slovenia, while Friuli was considered part of the “Venezia Euganea” aka normal Veneto.
5:31 in reality the added “Romagna” came in the Middle Ages, because the Eastern part of the region was held by the Papal States (so, the Romans). During the Roman Empire it was only called “Aemilia”, as you can see from the original regions of Italy during Augustus.
PS: the Basilicata region also shares similarity with “basilico” (basil), and in Roman times was called “Lucania”. The inhabitants are still called “Lucani”.
The official name is Trentino Alto Adige.
In Austria they call it Südtirol
Südtirol*
Calabria is a region named "Italia" years and years ago. Thanks to Calabria, Italy has this name.
So, fun fact about the lombards, according to folk tale it's not about the beards themselves, from wikipedia:
"The Vandals prepared for war and consulted Godan (Odin), who answered that he would give the victory to those whom he would see first at sunrise.The Winnili were fewer in number and Gambara sought help from Frea, who advised that all Winnili women should tie their hair in front of their faces like beards and march in line with their husbands. At sunrise, Frea turned her husband's bed so that he was facing east, and woke him. So Godan spotted the Winnili first and asked, "Who are these long-beards?," and Frea replied, "My lord, thou hast given them the name, now give them also the victory." From that moment onwards, the Winnili were known as the Longbeards (Latinised as Langobardi, Italianised as Longobardi, and Anglicized as Langobards or Lombards). "
Ah the Lombards, not quite a people of philosophers... 😉
Hi, I'm a Lombard, descendant of the winnili
Ancha me. Cumasch
@@youtubeyoutube936 Anca mi sun cumasch, ta sèèt laghè o dela bàsa?
Lombards exist. Letter Z: it's free real estate
SARDINIA: the Greeks originally called it Hyknusa or Ichnussa or Sandalyon due to the similarity of the coastal conformation to the imprint of a foot (sandal) and later Argyróphleps Nèsos with the meaning of "island with silver veins". The Latin name Sardinia could derive from the Greek Sardò, the name of a legendary woman from Asia Minor and of which we have news in Plato's Timaeus or it could derive from Sardus, son of Hercules, as the Roman historian Sallustus mentions in the first century A.D with the phrase: "Sardus, generated by Hercules, together with a great multitude of men who left Libya occupied Sardinia and named the island from his name".
Ichnussa? So that's what the name of the beer comes from!
@@MattFerr100 ichnusa
There are too many inaccuracies in this video...
How about listing them?
@@FlagAnthem All right :-)
- Aosta Valley/Val d'Aosta: it's not the entire area that was names after emperor Augustus, but just the city of Aosta. Its latin name was "Augusta Praetoria Salassorum". The "Augusta" part evolved into contemporary italian "Aosta".
- Lombardy/Lombardia: the english pronunciation has the phonetic accent on the first syllable (/ˈlɒmbərdi), not the second.
- Veneto: the name of the region does not come from the name of its capital Venice, but the opposite. The latin term Venetia referred to the whole region before the foundation of the city in the year 697CE. Venetia took its name from the italic people that inhabitated it: the Veneti. Their name probably come from the Proto Indo-European root *wen-, meaning 'to strive, to wish for, to love'.
- Friuli-Venezia Giulia: two names, not three. "Friuli" come from the city of Forum Iulii (today's Cividale del Friuli), which was the capital of the Duchy of Friuli under the Lombard rule. "Venezia Giulia" (not GUILIA) was originally a term used in languages studies and only later in politics. It was invented in the 19th century by the linguist Graziadio Isaia Ascoli (along with Venezia Euganea -> Veneto and Venezia Tridentina -> Trentino), to reference the romance speaking regions of the North-East. Venezia Giulia specifically was used to call the easter areas still under the Habsurg rule that the Kingdom of Italy aimed to conquer.
- Liguria: its name come 100% from the ancient Ligurs, as Umbria comes from the ancient people living there, the Umbri.
- Emilia-Romagna: the "Romagna" derives from Romania, meaning territory belonging to the Romans, it is a late-ancient and early-medieval diction, when the remains of the so-called Exarchate of Ravenna were concentrated, compared to the rest of the peninsula almost entirely in the hands of the Lombards.
-Sardinia/Sardegna: from the latin Sardinia, that (as for Liguria and Umbria) derives from the name of its ancient inhabitants, the Sardinians. It is not clear how the proto-Sardinian nuragic populations defined themselves; it is possible that the ethnonym derives from the people of the Shardana, probably settlers of the Sardinian coasts and coeval of the nuragics, cited by the ancient Egyptians among the peoples of the sea as skilled traders, making raids throughout the Mediterranean and mercenaries controlled by the egyptian pharaohs in the 13th century BC.
-Sicily/Sicilia: from latin place name Sicily, which derived from the greek Sikelìa. The names comes from the greek ethnonym Sikeloi, originally from central Italy, where they were initially settled together with the Latins, and therefore also of Indo-European descent. They later moved to the eastern part of Trinacria. The other population settled in the center-west of the island were the Sicani (latin), or Sikenoi (greek), who were most likely of Iberian origin. Already from the 2nd century BC the Latin term Siculus losed all ethno-linguistic connotations and referred to someone who is born or resides on the island.
Abruzzo: the Aprutium that you mentioned derives from the ancient people of the Pretuzi, who inhabited the territory in pre-Roman times.
We do not know the origin of the name Praetutii, if it belonged to the people or if it derives from the name of the city of Praetut, which was located at the center of their territory and which then took the Latin name of Interamnia Pretuziorum (today's Teramo).
- Molise: this place name was recorded for the first time in the early Middle Ages, indicating a Norman county (Castello di Molise), corresponding to the current municipality of Molise in the province of Campobasso. Its name is probably of Latin origin: * Molensis. Although there are those who argue that the name is of Samnite origin, based on the presence of the name Meles in a list of cities of Samnium conquered in the second century BC from the Romans, Molise almost certainly derives its name from the French family of "de Moulins", whose progenitor, Rudolf de Moulins, in 1053 had the title of Count of Bojano and laid the foundations for the constitution of the subsequent Contado of Molise. In the Middle Ages, in fact, the settlement was called Castrum Molisii (Castle of Molise), according to a form common to many names of settlements built around a castle.
- Campania: also its latin name was Campania, which comes from the people "Campani". The ethnonym probably comes from "campus" = "open field, countryside", since this people was completely devoted to agricultural work.
- Basilicata: the region, as most of southern Italy, has been also ruled by the Eastern Roman Empire.
- Calabria: in the roman period, this place name referred to another part of the peninsula (today's Salento, in Apulia). In the Augustan era of the Roman Empire, the current region was known as Bruttium, by the people who lived there. Even earlier, around the fifteenth century BC, these lands were known with the name of "Italia", by the population of the Itali, descendants of the Enotri. The Greeks called this place Ouitoulía, from the word "Italòi" (plural of Italós)...linked to the etymology of "Italy" that you mention at the start of the video.
@@maybug nice
@@maybug fair enough
@@maybug Interesting. Thank you very much for sharing your knowledge with us.
A note about Campania. The land population before and during the first time of the roman empire was Sanniti, which has been for a very long time the real backbone of the roman legions. A fierce population and great fighters that gave to Rome a lot of trouble to conquer.
i'm from apulia and i've heard that the name apuli is from the latin a-pluvia, which translates as "without rains"
"Apuli" actually comes from "Iapygians"
I was just in Puglia for two weeks…my grandparent came from a tiny village Alberona.
The "Venezia" part of "Friuli - Venezia Giulia" region is kind of a prefix which indicate one of the three geographical areas of North-eastern Italy: "Venezia Tridentina" (which basically comprises the entire "Trentino - Alto Adige/South Tyrol" region), "Venezia Euganea" (which comprises "Veneto" region and the Friulian part of "Friuli - Venezia Giulia" region; basically the eastern part of Padana Plain) and "Venezia Giulia" (which includes the entire Isonzo river basin, and then, following the peaks of the Julian Alps, the Karst Plateau to the gulf of Quarnero/Kvarner, Istrian peninsula included).
Today, those three regions are commonly callad Tre Venezie ("Three Venices") or Triveneto.
These names were coined by the glottologist Graziadio Isaia Ascoli in 1863.
Historically, Venezia Giulia resembles the Roman " X Regio : Venetia et Histria" and the Austrian "Adriatic Littoral" but Venezia Giulia territory is actually a bit larger.
As for today, just a minimum part of this geographical region is politically in Italy.
Interesting. I do miss Friuli.
@@dbfhorses And, for what I know, Friuli comes from the town Cividale del Friuli (civitas forum Julii) = the town of the emperor Julius' market
Those Venetian regions weren`t of old Romans origin, but conquered lands by Romans. So you couldn`t regret lost of lands, which in origin weren`t yours. In that way also Lombardy is then Germano Austrian land. :-) Of half of Italy should be Greeks.
VALLE D'AOSTA: the meaning of the name is clearly "the Aosta valley". The toponym of the only city in the region derives from its previous name that is Augusta Praetoria Salassorum: Augusta in honor of the Roman emperor Augustus, Praetoria from the colony of praetorians who settled with the founder of the city Terenzio Varrone Murena and Salassorum in memory of the Salassi, an ancient population of Celtic origin which had previously occupied the area.
The salassi were badasses, they kept the romans at bay for years
PIEDMONT: the name of the second largest Italian region derives from the Latin expression ad pedem montium, "at the foot of the mountains". It is in fact surrounded on three sides by mountains, specifically by the Western Alps and the Ligurian Apennines. The name Piedmont dates back to the first half of the 13th century.
Just a thing:
Basileus is not a strange name given to ottomanian emperors, it comes from ancient Greek " βασιλευσ " , meaning "king"
As far as I know, Veneti would mean "seaside folk", but don't quote me on this.
Umbria can also come from latin umbra, meaning shadow, as it is in the shadow of the Apennines, as much as Ive heard.
And a Byzantine name is because Byzantium controlled the south of Italy for quite some time
the epiphany on that one was great :D
"Seaside folks" really got me 😂😂😂
And Lazio mean"hidden place", according what linguistics Say.
It would be that way, because Veneti were good in sailing and better than Romans. Also a good soldiers and warriors. They have defeated even bigger army of Sparta. But Veneti is abrevation of Sloveneti, what is the same as Rhetoromans - Rheti. In Greek Rhetot - one who speak - oratore in Latine.
The first region ever to be called "Calabria" was the actual Salento peninsula, who took its name from the Kalabroi, one of the two tribes which composed the Messapian people (the other tribe composing this civilization were the Salentinoi, a name that's still used today to describe the inhabitants of the peninsula and everything which is related to their language and culture).
The term "Kalabroi" seems to be an ancient Greek slang for "pigs", it's likely that this name was given to the Messapian tribes of Northern Salento by their Tarentine enemies (the Spartans from the city of Taras).
In the middle ages, the name "Calabria" identified not only Salento but also ancient Enotria, being these two regions the only areas under the rule of the byzantine empire, but when the Lombards conquered Salento, the only Calabria remaining "free" was the region that we know today, the ancient Enotria. This video is extremely approximate, just like every other video about Italian history which is not focused on Rome, by the way.
Finally the video of my country and my region from you! Tyyy 🇮🇹❤️❤️
Sono da Sicilia :)
@@yvplayz7813 Io sobo del lazio 🇮🇹
Patrick: Venice
Ghiaccio: 「WHITE ALBUM: GENTLY WEEPS」
Ghiaccio did nothing wrong
i was a bit confused when I read ghiaccio because in italian ghiaccio means ice, but then I saw your profile picture
These type of videos are always the same: churned out, barely researched and full of inaccuracies.
Still, at least they attract the real experts in the comments below.
Verissimo, ti stimo!
BASILICATA: in Roman times it was called Lucania which could derive from the name of the Lucanian people or from the Latin term lucus ("wood"), or from the Greek lykos ("wolf") or finally from Lyki, a population of Anatolia established in the Basento river valley. The toponym Basilicata only entered in the 13th century and originates from the Greek basilikos ("king's official"), a term by which the Byzantine rulers were called.
I've always preferred the name Lucania. More romantic sounding to English-speaking ears.
@@dbfhorses For sure. And by the way we call Lucani the inhabitants of this region. The name Basilicata never translated to the inhabitants.
@@AndreaTamponi Didn't old Lucania stretch up through S..Campania and the Cilento (the main town's called Vallo dello Lucania) , as far north as Salerno?
@@dbfhorses From Wikipedia:
The region included almost all of today's Basilicata, with the exclusion of the northern area of Vulture (the territory of Venosa and Melfi) and the more north-eastern area beyond the Bradano river, where Matera is located, but with the addition of west of Cilento and Vallo di Diano, today in Campania, and south-west of the Lao river, today in Calabria.
It stretched from the Tyrrhenian Sea to the Gulf of Taranto. It therefore included: to the north-west, the central-southern part of today's province of Salerno, with the current Cilento and Vallo di Diano; to the south, the northeastern part of upper Calabria, from Castrovillari to Sibari; in the center, it contained the entire current region of Basilicata. The precise limits were: the Sele valley to the north-west, which separated it from the Sannio Irpino; the Bradano valley to the east-south-east, which separated it from Apulia; the two rivers Lao and Crati, which to the south-south-west separated it from Bruzia. Almost all the territory was occupied by the Apennines and to the north it was bordered by the chain of the Alburni mountains; it included the gulf of Policastro up to the peaks of Monte Sirino and Pollino, beyond which one arrived at the mouth of the Lao. Towards the east, the mountains descended into plateaus until they reached the plain of Metaponto and the Gulf of Taranto
Friuli Venezia-Giulia like trentino South-Tyrol represents the fact that the region is made of two very culturally distinct subregions. Friuli gets its name from Forum Iulii ( Julius Forum) the roman name of the city of Cividale which was founded by Ceasar while Venezia-Giulia is a term created by Grazziadio Isaia Ascoli ( a friulian ) to indicate the parts of the Gulian March (Istria) that spoke venetian while for example Veneto is identified as Venezia Euganea.
9:50 It could be linked to the brief reconquest of certain parts of Italy by the Eastern Roman Empire under Justinian.
That's also the etymology of Romagna, which means "land of the romans". That's because it was the land reconquered by the eastern romans as opposed to "Lombardy" which was owned by the Lombards.
@@leonardodavid2842 That is true, the pope indeed controlled the region for a time, but it has nothing to do with the name Romagna
i’m from Romagna. it’s called like this due to the fact it was part of the (Eastern) Roman Empire ( Esarcato ).
ABRUZZO: derives from the Latin Aprutium, the name by which an area of Teramo was known in turn linked to the ancient people of the Pretuzi, a lineage of Phoenician origin. At one time the Abruzzi form was also in use, which refers to the division of the region into two by the Pescara river.
Yes, Italy, a land so old, we don't know where it's name comes from
I know that it cames from the old greek "I Talos" land of the lambs. The greek colons that arrived in Calabria 3000 years ago, and built several colonies in all the south, found that this country was full of lambs and so they give it this name. That was written on my history book 35 years ago ;).
@@lupodelupis3672 that is an hypotesis. It could be, as he said in the video, the land of cattle, or named after a calabrian king named Italo. Historian strongly doubt that thé origin are greek since thé greek almost always called the southern part of the italian peninsula « Hesperia » or Vesperia.
@@lupodelupis3672 Same as Illyricum and Dalmatia?
Me and my girlfriend are flying out to her place in Italy today. So thanks for this, it was an interesting watch!
Hi from Calabria. Yes there are wonderful landscapes, forests, mountains, but the seaside is just unique
I'm from from sardinia, and yes, we have a special flower that when eaten gives you the "Sardonic smile".
This comes from an old tradition that has pre-roman origins, in where the people from villages, when turning 70, had to be accompanied on the top of a mountain and then eat that flower (nowdays we don't actually know which flower is it) and jump from the mountain to kill themselves as a sacrifice. This practice, in addition to be a sacrifice, was also a way for get rid of old people that couldn't provide nothing for anyone and could only eat and waste resources
Veneto takes its name from the Ancient Veneti (in Latin "Venetī" or also "Heneti"), an Indo-European people which inhabited the region before Roman times.
They were probably related to the Latin people.
[Ethnonym]
According to Julius Pokorný, the ethnonym Venetī (singular *Venetos) is derived from Proto Indo-European root *wen- 'to strive, to wish for, to love'. As shown by the comparative material, Germanic languages had two terms of different origin: Old High German Winida 'Wende' points to Pre-Germanic *Wenétos, while Lat.-Germ. Venedi (as attested in Tacitus) and Old English Winedas 'Wends' call for Pre-Germanic *Wenetós. The latter, according to Tacitus, who would have been familiar with Adriatic Veneti, connects the Vistula Veneti with the Slavs. Etymologically related words include Latin venus, -eris 'love, passion, grace'; Sanskrit vanas- 'lust, zest', vani- 'wish, desire'; Old Irish fine (< Proto-Celtic *venjā) 'kinship, kinfolk, alliance, tribe, family'; Old Norse vinr, Old Saxon, Old High German wini, Old Frisian, Old English wine 'friend'.
(wikipedia)
Also Iordanes - History of Langobards - have writen Venetos aka Slavs. :-)
Apulia takes its name from the latin word "A pluvia" meaning "without rain/water" since the land was and still is so fertile down there it could grow crops without relying on rain. The native inhabitants of the region probably took their name because of the region and not the other way around.
Great content!
There's another intresting theory around the name of Lombardy i found while studing german philology: some linguists say it comes from "long halberd", which was the weapon used by the germanic tribes that invaded northen Italy after the fall of the roman empire. The fact that they had long beard as well might have created a case of "popular ethymology"
I'm from Calabria. The name at first referred to southern Apulia, and came from the Calabri tribe, while our land was called Bruttia, again from a local tribe. When the Eastern Roman Empire (aka Byzantium) took southern apulia and , they called both southern apulia and Bruttia "Calabria" but then... Lombards annexed all of Apulia, thus Bruttia remained as Calabria
In ancient times until the 12th century and then briefly in the 1940’ the regional of Basilicata in southern Italy was called Lucania. Lucania comes a Greek word meaning light and in Italian light is “luce”. Intresting is that even nowadays some old people still say Lucania, our dialect and denonym is still Lucano and lucani , both derived from Lucania
Leonardo David 28 true,
I am from the west of Basilicata so i call myself lucano but these days northern calabrians are just “calabresi” not “lucani”
Minor correction. 05:45 - that's "La scuola d'Atene", a fresco you can see in the Vatican Palace in Rome. So it should go under Lazio, not Tuscany.
Sicilian guy here! The name Sicily may have MANY origins, the most believed are:
1) from "Sica", an ancient word meaning sickle, so sicily would be the land of sickle-bearers, in reference to the abundance of grain cultivations which made it famous through antiquity
2) from the greek words "siké" and "elaia" meaning the fig tree and the olive tree, also a reference to the abundance of the land
3) from the name of a mythical king of the land, Sikelos, which gave his name to the people inhabiting the eastern part of the island.
LIGURIA: With an unknown meaning, the name derives from one of the first Italic gens known after the glaciations, the Ligurians, in Greek Ligues and in Latin Ligures. The borders of ancient Liguria were wider than those of the present region extending across the entire Piedmontese plain south of the Po.
MARCHE: the name dates back to the nineteenth century obtained from the plural of brand, from the old German mark meaning "border territory". The term brand also identified the land belonging to a marquis.
The root of the word Veneto could derive from the Indo-European “wen”, which means to love. The term Venetian would therefore mean the “lovable one” or the “friendly”. Some believe Veneto means blue, which is interesting because one of the flags of the Republic of Venice is blue.
Actually CALABRIA is the region once called.....
ITALY!!!
Yes, the name Italy was born in modern CALABRIA sometime around 3000 years ago... ;)
In Greece we have a derogatory term for hunger called ligura, and the person is liguris. Maybe there is a connection with Liguria since the time of the crusades, because Genova had many areas in Greece in the middle ages.
TRENTINO ALTO ADIGE: the official name of the region is the Autonomous Region of Trentino-Alto Adige / Südtirol. The first part of the name has the same etymology as Trento from tridentum. According to the Latin tradition, Tridentum referred to the three hills (Monte Verruca or Doss Trent, Dosso Sant'Agata and Dosso di San Rocco) that surround the city, but it has been established that in reality the name means "trifurcation" in relation to the conformity of the city waterways. Alto Adige simply refers to the upper part of the Adige river while Südtirol is the German name for Alto Adige itself.
Ciao, you seem to know much about this region
My family was once from Trento, but I'm directly from Lugiria.
My last name is Trento just as the city that our family originated, we aren't completely sure, but we think our family may have been the rulers, founders, or were a powerful family there hundreds of years ago.
Would you know anything of this?
The name Sicily comes from the World "Sik" that is common in a lot of Indoeuropean languages means "to grow" in Sicily was referred to the wheat(even today Sicily is plant of it) ,for the greek was referred to some fruit that grow fast like the fig (Sika) or the pumpkin(sikus), so the land of fertility .
FRIULI VENEZIA GIULIA: Friuli derives from the Latin forum Iulii, "Giulio's forum / market", while Venezia Giulia was proposed by the linguist Graziadio Ascoli (1829-1907), to replace the name with which the Germans called the area (Küstenland), referring to to the Roman tradition of Venetia et Histria and the Alpes Iuliae.
could you talk about indonesian cities and regions?
some of our city have quite "unique" names such as serang (attack), batu(rock), malang(unlucky), and many other have straightforward names.
i think it would be a good content for you.
plus, indonesians like me like to search anything about us. since for some reason nobody talks much about us (we have the most island, biggiest in SEA, one of the founder of non-bloc movement, biggest muslim population, etc).
Sicilia is also named Trinacria, Basilicata is also named Lucania, Trentino need Alto Adige to be added to the name (as other ppl mentioned already), Emilia Romagna are two territories, Emilia (mostly in the countryside) + Romagna (mostly on the seaside).
Brazilian patrons always giving Patrick a hard time when pronouncing their names. Hahahaha
Some mistakes: San Marino doesn't share its borders mainly with Marche but with Emilia Romagna, especially after 2006 referendum (it.wikinews.org/wiki/Referendum_popolare_alta_Valmarecchia) when some neighboring municipalities swapped from Marche to Emilia Romagna; at 4:24 you displayed Guilia instead of Giulia; In Italian the name of the region is Trentino Alto Adige, not Trentino Sud tirolo (or South Tyrol) (that is the germanic name it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trentino-Alto_Adige)
Molise: from the norman family de Moulins
Abruzzo: from the italic tribe Praetutii (ab Praetutium -> to the praetutii land)
Errata: Molise comes from the name of a Normans family, De Moulins. (also called De Molina or De Molinis) the family rouled the territory around the year 1000 and for long period of time. The family had connections with other very important Normans family of the south
Much love from Calabria🖤
1)
To be precise the region of Romagna was of course named after Romans, but for a specific historical reason. When Longbards conquered almost the whole peninsula in the 6th century, one of the few lands which where still owned by the Byzantine Empire (that was effectively the Eastern Roman Empire) was indeed the Romagna region which was subsequently named after them.
2) Fun fact: in the early middle ages the whole northern part of the peninsula was called Lombardy after the Longbards who owned the region until Charlemagne defeated them. It was in a later moment that people started to distinguish the different parts of that land: for people coming from east the first land they found in Italy was the Venetian land (Veneto) then the central part was still called Lombardy and when they started seeing mountains at the horizon that was Piedmont.
MOLISE: the toponym has medieval origins and derives from the Norman family of Moulins (Molise) who settled in the area. The term Molise is probably linked to the grindstone or the millstone of the mill.
PUGLIA: derives from the Greek Japigia, in Latin Apulia, and from the name of the ancient Indo-European population of the Apuli who settled between the 2nd and 1st millennium BC. in the Salento peninsula. A second hypothesis links this name to Apluvia with the meaning of "land without rain".
I wish Greeks would shut up for once.... worry about their dump of a country. They didn't invent everything , well except paste eating
LAZIO: derives from the ancient name Latium given to the region by the Latins, forefathers of the ancient Romans and in turn so called because they settled on a wide / extended territory ("latus" in Latin), with the meaning of "flat country".
in 5:45 when you talk about Florence you show a fresco by Raffaello (Philosophy) which is present in Rome at Vatican Museums, just to inform. Great video by the way, tought me lots of things I didn't know even if I'm italian.
CALABRIA: the name seems to have its origins from the Greek Kalon-brion, with the meaning of "I raise good, abundant in every good" in reference to the fertility of its territory. It could also derive from Calabri, whose meaning could be "inhabitants of the rocky areas" (from the word galabra / calabra or "rock").
Perhaps another viewer has already mentioned this, but in the region of Molise, there is a small town by that same name (in local dialect "Mulisc") with a palatalized final "s" sound as in the English word "fish." Some believe the name derives from a Count or Duke of Mulhouse, a city in Eastern France, close to the border with Germany and Switzerland.
Wait, I thought that the name "Italia" came from King Italo, wich was the first King to reunite the majority of the calabrian villages into the Italian tribe. At least that's what u found while researching the history of Catanzaro
Tuscan dialect is the dialect from which the bases of the modern Italian language originate
What name has the most interesting story/meaning behind it?
Now we need an explain on Carlos Frederico Gitsio Klier T da Silva.
(But in all seriousness, more specifically on the use of compound names when naming children, as in British royals, and family names in Thailand and Spanish/Portuguese-speaking cultures, etc.)
I think most of the name of the person who suggested the video, who I assume to be Brazilian (since it ends with da Silva) are surnames/family names rather than christian names so it isn't very like the British royal family at all, who have one surname, Windsor (previously Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, but it was changed because of the First World War), but a lot of Christian names, based on historic family reasons and lineage. It might be worth a video on how names are composed in different parts of the world, maybe this has already been done, it seems to ring a bell. In Spanish and Portuguese former colonies (as well as the countries themselves) family names are made up from taking those of the father and mother to combine them. As you go down the generations some families, probably those from more noble beginnings keep those and just add to them, hence why you can get such long names in parts of South America.
Molise probably derived from the name of a feud called Moulins la Marche. Wich was parte of the ducat of Normandy. This family had as a progenitor a man called Rodolfo de Molisio.
And Lazio was named after latus, but the noun, not the adjective, and latus means shore in Latin (related to Tiber)
Basileus isn't just the title of the Byzantine Emperor but just the Greek word for "King" or "Monarch" in general (although it certainly fits for the emperor as well.) The name Basilicata may be of Greek origin because the southern part of Italy was once scatterd with Greek colonies.
Sardinia name probably comes from an old population called Shardana or Sherdana or Sherden. This population was mentioned in some egipthian paper from the II millenium B.C.
I am from Emilia Romagna. Romagna is often thought to be a medieval additction to the name because it was a Longobard conquest. Longobards were Armanni, "Arimannus", and the A was just lost. In our appennines (were the longobard influences on the language are still strong) is a common thing, for example we have multiple instances when "Arimannorum" became Romanesca o Romanna (e. G. Silva Arimannorum became Selva Romanesca). If i'm wrong, please correct me!
CAMPANIA: derives from the Latin term campus, "country", and from the Oscan term Kampanom, which indicated the area near the current Capua.
VENETO: the name derives from that of the ancient people of the Veneti. According to some hypotheses, the term would be linked to the Indo-European root wen with the meaning of "wish" therefore the Venetians could be defined as "desired".
In the beginning, in the central region of Veneto lived the ancient Euganei; later Veneti occupied their region.
I know that Sardinia came from sandalia, because the island, to the romans, reminds the shape of a sandal
the Venezia term of Friuli Venezia Giulia comes from the fact that the region was part of the Regio X Venetia et Histria under the romans and later it was part of the Venetian republic.
My family was once from Trento, but I'm directly from Lugiria.
My last name is Trento just as the city that our family originated, we aren't completely sure, but we think our family may have been the rulers, founders, or were a powerful family there hundreds of years ago.
Surnames that are the names of Italian cities are usually of Jewish origins.
@@lucianomezzetta4332 thank you! that is very valuable information.
why is this a common practice for italian jews
@@massimotrento3498 because Jewish people usually did not have a surname and were distinguished by their patronymic or by the place they came from. When during the middle ages surname began to be used the Jewish people kept the habit of being identified by the place they were from thus originating surnames deriving from Italian cities.. of course during the centuries many changes happened so the fact that a surname is a place name is just a hint of the fact that it likely is a Jewish surname but it is not 100% sure
Do one about different countries naming customs. In Spanish we use two last names.
Several groups of the "sea peoples" that invaded ancient Egypt are identified to be from Sicily and Sardinia. They're called by the Egyptians as Shekelesh and Sherden. Also, the areas of Apulia, Calabria, and Basilicata are the parts of Italy that were held the longest by the Byzantine Empire.
Basileus is the Greek word or term for King. Can you do one on the regions of Greece and how they got their names? Thanks.
βασιλεος greek for regent, king or more speciffically exilarch (head of the συνηδριον counsel of elders)
this is also where we get the name basilic meaning citadel
10:10 The Byzantines held southern Italy for a while, it's in fact believed that it is when the Longobards (the ones Lombardy is named after) conquered the north of Italy while the Byzantines kept the South is when the divide between south and northern Italy began
Interesting, but the Longobards were also in the south. The principalities of Benevento and Salerno were ruled by Longobards.
Italian here, we call 'trentino-south tyrol', we call it Trentino Alto Adige, no clue what the etymolgy is though. Also most cities bar tuscan city's have there own language.
Okay Trentino perché deriva da Trento (che significa tridente e non tre denti)
Alto Adige perché la provincia di Bolzano sta nell'alto corso del fiume Adige
Südtirol perché è la parte meridionale della regione del Tirolo (la casata dei Tirolo che la comandava dà il nome alla regione)
@@alfredorotondo Grazie mille!
Friuli comes from Forum Iulii, the name for the today called Cividale Del Friuli: it was founded by Julius Caesar and later became the first italian city occupied by Lombards, who made it their capital too
Can you make a video about the local councils cities, villages and towns in Malta :)
I've noticed for ages now but name explain pronounces r as a kinda /l/ sound in both foreign and english names. Like "Tyrol" being kind of like [tʰɪlʊl]
Yeah, he can't speak properly - which is kinda ironic for someone purporting to explain etymology.
gracias sir
A Minor note. Noun Lombardia means no long beard, but It comes from long spear which was the main wapon of the Longobardi peoples ancient local population
It's only ah hypothesis. The traditional explanations is that comes from the long beards, as explained by Paolo Diacono, who wrote the famous "Historia Longobardorum" (History of the Longobards).
The absolute verbal vomit at 2:00 killed me lmaoo
But does Molise exist?
No, it's just a myth. It's like Italy's Rutland.
@@thatmarchingarrow or like Bielefeld, Acre, Winnipeg, Wyoming, Leitrim, Finland or Australia!
Molisn't 🤷♀️
Basilicata is probably named after Basileus because the Eastern Roman Emperors (who were called Basileus) ruled over Southern Italy for quite a long time after the Fall of Rome. I think it was only in the early 11th century that the Eastern Romans were kicked out of the region by Normans (yes, as in the people from Normandy. Normans were everywhere at this time). I wouldn't be surprised that the region was called "the Land of the Basileus" by people who weren't too friendly with the ERE.
Lòmbardy, Pavìa ;) "Romagna" comes by the Eastern Roman Empire that was there (capital city of Ravenna) while nearly the rest of Italy was under the Langobards.
it's probably just a coincidence, but in Finnish, 'vene' means boat, and if it and Italian shared language trees, it would make sense why Venice (Venetsia as we call it) is called that ^^ too bad
Veneti or venedi is a common name to several european people.
Sicily was named after the sickle. Grain was grown on the island so due to the highly prevelant use of the sickle, it was given the name Sicily. I suppose the sickle was named after the people whose origins, or language is unknown? However, that is just a lttle more information regarding the name.
Thank you.
TUSCANY: derives from the name of the population present in the territory of Central Italy starting from the 9th century BC, the Etruscans, in Latin Tuschi: therefore we passed from Etruria to Tuscia up to the toponym Tuscany.