Earth’s History Is Hidden in These Strange Maps
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- čas přidán 4. 09. 2024
- The Channeled Scablands of the Pacific Northwest hide an astonishing secret. Evidence of a massive flood that shaped the entire region lies just beneath its landscape. But it can only be seen with cutting edge LIDAR technology. Join Joe as he learns how scientists are using lasers to reveal details that may help us predict the paths of potential megafloods of the future.
Hosted by Joe Hanson from Be Smart, Overview uses stunning 4k drone footage to reveal the natural and human made marvels shaping our planet--from a 10,000-foot view--literally.
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if this has piqued your interest,
may I suggest you hunt out Prof Nick Zentner from Central Washington Uni.
he has a tube'y'all channel in his name and has been telling the story of PNW geology
for almost a decade.
all the names you heard here and many others are part of that story.
Thanks, I was just going to comment that I’d like to see more about the creation of the Scablands, it’s so fascinating!
@@astrumrimor2450 off you go! Prof Zentner is a very engaging teacher. I hope you'll like what he has to offer.
Thank you.
Prof. Zentner is awesome! 😻 [Edited to clarify:] I've never been his student, but I've watched hours and hours of his videos.
Shawn Willsey also has a CZcams channel where he has talked about the erosion of the glacial or pluvial Lake Bonneville floods in southern Idaho and northern Utah.
I'm always baffled when I see people building buildings in river bends in what are very visibly floodplains. Farms I get, that's fertile soil. But then sometimes you see very expensive multistory buildings being built on temporarily dry riverbed. Castles built on sand.
and because they build there, flood waters have nowhere to go, making the damage even worse
In part it's a refusal to learn from indigenous land use. If you need to build on a floodplain, you put the house on stilts--you don’t build it at ground level where it will be washed away in the next flood.
The Channeled Scablands are one of my favorite subjects. And I absolutely loved that you discussed Joel Gombiner's work with LIDAR and Skye Cooley!
Joe.Biden.gov/remembers/it/well
Honestly I do enjoy Randal Carlson. He is friends with that slightly wonky guy so he gets ignored but his research is well read, non college expert on the flood.
As a Geophysics and Geomorphology student, it's very fascinating. Thanks for the informative ride!
What do they teach you?
I initially learned about the scablands from @TheRandallCarlson . Fascinating place!
And boy were he and Graham Hancock in his book America Before ridiculed for it.
Hey Joe! Joe sent me :)
HELLO hi welcome, nice to see you here
Same XD
Same 😂
Same
Same 😅
In about 1970 I was briefly involved with a bridge design in Papua New Guinea lowland rainforest over a river that had meandered over aeons. Choice of crossing point was done by finding old channels below canopy using visual aerial photography. Bridge was placed where all the old channels went through a single pinch point near an outcrop. LiDAR would have been useful.
LiDAR is awesome tech.
Archeologists discovered ruins of Mayan towns in the jungle with LIDAR.
might be off-topic, but the fact that drones are now basically standart for "cheap" filming is amazing!
because the cost has gone down, same thing with phones and laptops compared to decades ago
Nick on the rocks! He taught us this a few years ago. Looks amazing through lidar.
This presented the new research from Joel Gombiner et al that Nick only shared this past winter and spring!
@@AvanaVana The new details are great.
Randall Carlson anyone?
Totally. Any discussion of the Channeled Scablands should not overlook the work of Randall Carlson.
I thoroughly expected him to pop up
Geoscientist here.
Hate to disappoint you but simple melting at the end of the ice age due to seasonal variations adequately explain the various flood pulses. Pools of meltwater collect behind ice dams that can suddenly give way. Handcock is a psuedoscientist, so he leans towards the overly dramatic; unless you envision many regular impacts🙃.
R. Carlsson, although somewhat misguided about many things, is more restrained and humble than sensationalist Handcock, don't be fooled by his British accent. Like many conspiracy theorists, he uses facts as a base to scaffold an entirely inaccurate conclusion. Hence his deranged early civilisation hypothesis. Carlsson is merely flotsam caught in the flood of bullsh*t Handcock pushes. Excuse the pun.
This phenomenon is already starting in E. Greenland, where I have conducted research. Jameson Land.
@@gregb8649Randall hasn't done any work in the Scablands. He does tours.
He is a good charlatan.
Good to see Joel Gombiner presenting his research and Skye Cooley mentioned!
Love maps and would love to get a set of LIDAR prints of the entire globe. Looks like it may be a while before those images will be compiled. Every country needs its own LIDAR Dept. . . . "So let it be written. So let it be done!"
It would be very interesting to find out what’s under the dunes in the Sahara Desert.
You do realize of course that the Sahara (and all of North Africa for that matter), was the site of a mega-flood many times larger than the "Missoula Floods".
@@ronanzann4851 this is especially why it’d be extra super duper amazing to see Lidar there… those ripple marks you can see from space near the Richat Structure too!
@@ronanzann4851 citation required.
LIDAR is opening our eyes to literal history in every respect. How awesome!
I live in The Willamette Valley. Where the Missoula flood occurred. This video is amazing. I truly believe LIDAR will unlock so much information & allow us to advance our knowledge like never before
It wasn’t just “A” Missoula flood - it was dozens. The ice advanced, flooded the Missoula valley, broke and advanced again, over and over again for centuries.
There were at least forty Missoula floods and hundreds of other glacial floods.
The Willamette valley soil used to be the rolling hills of the Palouse before the flood waters moved it all. You’re welcome!
@@allangibson8494 you are fully correct. I didn't mean to word it where I sounded like only one event happened. It's such a fascinating chapter in history. I'm so curious what it would have looked like around the valley when they said there were little islands all around whenever the valley was flooded
Along with the macro topography of the area, I found the potholes surprising. Usually about 20 feet wide and 6 to 10 feet deep with a large rock sitting at the bottom. My time working in the scablands was fascinating. I spent a good portion of my work life in the Pacific Northwest and the time along the northern border of Washington and Idaho has stuck in my memory. Much more topographic insight has been provided concerning where I grew up -- along the lower Columbia River. Thank you for this story.
Super wish you would have had Nick Zentner in this. He's incredibly knowledgeable and passionate about the formation of the scab lands.
Other than that, this was great, and it was wonderful to see where I grew up shared with others. It looks barren and dead, but it's really a beautiful, awesome place.
Nick Zentner is a national treasure
Nick is king!
The Channeled Scrablands truly are a world of theyre own
A world best viewed from above
Please refer to the work of Randall Carlson regarding floods from Canada.
Why would they misinform people by pointing them to Randall Carlson?
Is he some sort of a conspiracy theorist?
My mom grew up right on the edge of the channeled scablands and then met my dad moved literally across the country to GA and NC but she always told me how amazing they are and I really hope to take my kids out there one day and see them for myself
I'm from WA and have visited the area, including Dry Falls. If any of you ever get the chance to pass through the region I'd suggest taking a stop to check it out. It's very cool to see in person. There's even a neat little visitors center that covers the history of the site. The region also has some great reservoir lakes in these valleys courtesy of Grand Coulee Dam. The lakes are great for camping and boating with amazing views, and the dam is a sight to see too. They do this cool laser light show on the spillway at night, or at least they used to, it's been a good long while since I visited.
Nature is the ultimate artist! Okay here’s my list of places I would love to see LIDAR tackle: Tunguska…The Richat Structure and surrounding area…The Great Lakes especially Lake Erie Northwest Ohio…Rama Setu…Mongolia…Himalayan Mountains…Black Sea region…key areas along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers…Lake Titicaca and surrounding areas…The Ohio River Valley…
So many places to be curious about!
Yellow River, Yangtze River, and other rivers in Asia
The study of the past is never over! I watched this video in the past.
Also in Texas, there was a flooding event in 2000ish and it made some new questions about how quickly canyons could form. Long thought to be a slow process, a damn overflow from Canyon Lake carved a 10 mile long 50ft deep canyon, and a bonus, there were Dino tracks uncovered!
The glacial lake Missoula outbreak wasn’t a once off. Geological research indicates that it happened at least forty times.
Ditto to the previous comments. Folks should be aware that these were a series of floods and not a single event. See Nick Zentner's A to Z programs on the history of the floods and J Harlan Bretz. 😎🦋 Namaste
I would be very very interested in LIDAR maps of Mars...
I wonder how much it would help since there is no vegetation to look though. Maybe it would help in other ways, I don't know!
pffffffft ... seriously...research fake "space" and travel...the world is NOT what we have been told...NASA and disney were "formed" with the antartic treaty to take our minds off exploring outer lands..!!!
These images are so amazing! I'm genuinely in awe at nature's beauty and science.
Home! Channeled Scablands, most my life I've lived in the middle of 'em. Always been fascinated.
This is absolutely amazing and beautiful! Thank you for explaining the LIDAR.
This is how the Amazon is being investigated and finding tons of buildings not found before.
Wait wait, there's a second Colorado River ... and it's in Texas?
Colorado is just Spanish for red or ruddy, so the state was named after the river that the Spanish had simply named after its usually reddish hue and it shouldn't be surprising that there are other rivers in the southern US that are also named Colorado as a result.
@@marksando3082In other words, yes.
After driving from Kelowna back to Wenatchee I am convinced there was at least one super mega flood and lots os these smaller mega floods
One TV show had a theory that a lost crater impact in Canada is one of the initial triggers for a mass flood from both the Okanogan area and Missoula area. Same time.
I didn't know that the Okanagan region had different spellings in Canada and Washington (Okanogan)
@@GreatOrigins depending on which side of the border it is spelled differently. in USA "Okanogan County" in Canada they change out the O. it gets confusing.
I wish someone would apply that technology in the Yucatan peninsula to see the meteorite and Maya history. That would be awesome! 😊
Excellent. I first learned about J Harlem Bretz in 1980 when I was a geology grad student. There was a NASA conference on Mars geomorphology in early 1981 and an abstract volume was put together for that conference, which took place on the campus of LSU in Baton Rouge, LA. I was sent to DC by my prof to help put together the abstract volume: I spent a whole week at NASA HQ in downtown DC. There were many abstracts about the channeled scablands and the analogy with Mars channels which NASA had recently begun to “map” with the first Mars rover.
And then there’s late glacial catastrophic flooding itself. Many catastrophic floods took place in late glacial times across the world as the ice caps retreated. Many of these are recorded in “myths” of ancient people, a.o. the great flood described in the bible. I wish you had mentioned this as well in the video though I realize the focus of the video is LIDAR technology.
Hi all , Omak is home to me and grew up thinking the hole valley looks like a dry lake bed with the rings around the edge, rocky mountain on one side broken up by massive ice flowing, lots of very large boulders from Canada scattered all over. It was all under water for a long
This makes a good counterpart to the PBS Eons episode about the Glacial Lake Missoula flood.
you said that the light from lidar can "remove trees and buildings" from the imaging... but how exactly? what kind of light can actually pierce through all that material and still reflect off other substrates?
we need a part 2 with far more details on how exactly lidar works... and MOAR of those pretty maps!
LiDAR works by shooting laser beams and measuring how long it takes until they are reflected back to the sensor by whatever they hit. Since a few hundred thousand of these thin laser beams are shot out every second a few of them will always find their way through small gaps in the vegetation and gather data about the ground below.
The removing happens in the post processing after the data is gathered. LiDAR produces a point cloud which is then classified into ground and non-ground (i.e. vegetation and buildings) by different algorithms. To create a bare-earth digital surface model (DSM) the non-ground points are removed and resulting holes are filled via interpolation from the surrounding ground points.
@@jannism1798 yea i kinda skimmed the wikipedia too, i just want this in a video with pictures and joe's narration xD
That's sooo amazing! I live in Carinthia (southest county of Austria/Europe) and here the Drau-Glacier shaped the landscape at about the same time the Cordilleran ice-shield exists. And i "see" supposed potential floodwork here everywhere - of course way smaller scale than Washington and Idaho. But in fact i don't know if there where any. We have less data. And we have no amazing Nick Zehntner teaching about Carinthia (because of him i know more about Washington than about my own country). But LIDAR could do this amazing work.
Oh my gosh thank you!!!!!!!! I have been absolutely fascinated with the scablands for YEARS. I live in western wa! Can't wait to finish the video (:
Randall Carlson has entered the chat
Geoscientist here.
Hate to disappoint you but simple melting at the end of the ice age due to seasonal variations adequately explain the various flood pulses. Pools of meltwater collect behind ice dams that can suddenly give way. Handcock is a psuedoscientist, so he leans towards the overly dramatic; unless you envision many regular impacts🙃.
R. Carlsson, although somewhat misguided about many things, is more restrained and humble than sensationalist Handcock, don't be fooled by his British accent. Like many conspiracy theorists, he uses facts as a base to scaffold an entirely inaccurate conclusion. Hence his deranged early civilisation hypothesis. Carlsson is merely flotsam caught in the flood of bullsh*t Handcock pushes. Excuse the pun.
This phenomenon is already starting in E. Greenland, where I have conducted research. Jameson Land.
@@allistairneil8968 Are you experiencing numbness on one side of your face or body?
Grifter
Randall Carlson has left the chat...
Randall isn't a geologist nor has he contributed anything to the work done in the Scablands.
@@swirvinbirds1971 that’s not true he was on the Joe Rogan experience
My attention was really caught by how LIDAR could definitively reveal all of the ancient flow channels in river valleys, including in areas currently occupied or developed, which means that those areas will eventually flood again resulting in loss of life and property. These results are incontrovertible proof that provides the tools that governmental authorities can rely upon to prevent further development.
At 0:24 It perfectly sums up.How I react when talking about the subject, for I know nothing
Amazing work in bringing these new developments in the old and amazing story of Missoula lake and Channeled Scablands to us this fast; thanks!
Beautiful 😍 I love how LIDAR is impacting so many sciences right now.
I have to admit I though some of them were painting. They are art's of work I would buy.
I don't really have the words to express how deeply I appreciate that you keep on your profoundly beautiful work to enlighten us - I think you should be cloned a whole lot of times, dear Joe!
You've been a most welcome addition to my feed for something like a decade by now, and you have contributed heavily to the perspective in which I see the world that I'm a part of!
(And please do look it up, and show it to tje otherwise great Green Brothers - by definition a perspective is something you see something IN! Not from! You - by definition - do not see something "from" a perspective! You see something IN a perspective, regardless of what side of The Pond you pick your dictionary. Look it up! If Britney Spears could get it right, I'm confident that with enough loving insistence, even the Green brothers can learn to speak a proper English, whether it's American, Mid-Atlantic, or just nice everyday use of their first language)
Lots of love from Denmark 🤗
I was so hoping the Missoula floods would be covered and I wasn't disappointed. Love this kind of science.
I worked on an airborne LiDAR syste that does stuff like that.
I learned about LIDAR technology in my Introduction to Archaeology class back in 2021. It's super cool! I remember telling my professor that the maps look like resin art or watercolor paintings.
Brilliant work - Suggests that Hancock and the meteor notion could well be correct.
Nope. Geoscientist here.
Hate to disappoint you but simple melting at the end of the ice age due to seasonal variations adequately explain the various flood pulses. Pools of meltwater collect behind ice dams that can suddenly give way. Handcock is a psuedoscientist, so he leans towards the overly dramatic; unless you envision many regular impacts🙃.
R. Carlsson, although somewhat misguided about many things, is more restrained and humble than sensationalist Handcock, don't be fooled by his British accent. Like many conspiracy theorists, he uses facts as a base to scaffold an entirely inaccurate conclusion. Hence his deranged early civilisation hypothesis. Carlsson is merely flotsam caught in the flood of bullsh*t Handcock pushes. Excuse the pun.
This phenomenon is already starting in E. Greenland, where I have conducted research. Jameson Land.
I'd love to see someone compare the LIDAR of the Scablands with those of the English Channel. Both were likely created by the bursting of a glacial lake. The difference obviously is that the Scablands re-emerged from the water and the Channel didn't.
This is so cool. Yay Daniel Coe, Joel Gombiner & Skye Cooley!
I own a modest ranch in central Texas. Recently I saw a video concerning USGS and LIDAR surveys. I was able to find, on the USGS site, a survey of my little slice of Texas. Kind of like a Goodle Earth display. Of course I know the terrain pretty well, but the LIDAR survey was interesting.
It makes me wonder if you'll find similar features in Europe or Northern Russia.
You do. The Strait of Dover for example.
Geoscientist here.
Hate to disappoint you but simple melting at the end of the ice age due to seasonal variations adequately explain the various flood pulses. Pools of meltwater collect behind ice dams that can suddenly give way. Handcock is a psuedoscientist, so he leans towards the overly dramatic; unless you envision many regular impacts🙃.
R. Carlsson, although somewhat misguided about many things, is more restrained and humble than sensationalist Handcock, don't be fooled by his British accent. Like many conspiracy theorists, he uses facts as a base to scaffold an entirely inaccurate conclusion. Hence his deranged early civilisation hypothesis. Carlsson is merely flotsam caught in the flood of bullsh*t Handcock pushes. Excuse the pun.
This phenomenon is already starting in E. Greenland, where I have conducted research. Jameson Land.
now i want a hand held version of one of these things... imagine scanning your own cliffsides and stuff
i drove trucks around the u.s. for about 20 years or so and could make out tremendous alterations too, further south. nevada shows signs of something big
i dont know if its cause im a nerd but i can usually see the old flood plains of rivers with my naked eye, even ones my geo professor didn't think were some
Why characterize the forces as "violent"? Why not dynamic, forceful, turbulent? I see creativity or reshaping, not destruction.
Probably because it could kill you? That seems violent. But it is also super cool and you got a point. It can be both.
Why care?
The thought of the glacial Lake Missoula flood happening in _hours_ (or even days!) is really mind blowing.
Absolutely amazing to learn about things that happened before our society even existed and how it will continue to go on even if we do something to destroy ourselves.
So much potential in the future possibilities. - Excellent production, at every level. Well done, All. Thank you 🪔
Not just the scablands, but the the huge cliffs along the Columbia Gorge. I think you said you were in Washington, but the pictures you show are very much like the Clarno Basin in Oregon - not surprisingly.
I got real hype when I recognized Joe from Smarter Everyday's voice.
Several decades ago I was making general conversation with a client when we were discussing radar technology and he casually mentioned that he was working on light ranging imaging he called LIDAR. Knowing nothing about light energy I didn't question him about it. These images are truly breathtaking.
This is awesome. Great video and great work to all!!!
I don't quite get how LIDAR works; visible light is blocked by vegetation, so why can LIDAR "see" through it?
It uses UV, visible and/or infrared light to pass through the vegetation and bounce back to the detector. The type of light used depends on the use you're using it for.
The LiDAR doesn't penetrate vegetation, but due to the density of the points, some will pass through gaps in the vegetation. This gives enough points that the surface under the vegetation can be interpolated.
Typical aerial lidar uses either "green" lidar at 532 NM wavelength or near infrared at 1064 NM wavelength. Where the green lidar is able to penetrate water where the NIR lidar is absorbed by water. When a sensor is active it is receiving multiple returns or reflections from the ground at the location the laser hit. Those returns correspond to anything that is between the sensor and the ground like trees, grass or fences all with different intensities. The ground return is typically considered whichever return is the strongest return in intensity.
This pdf by NASA explains it pretty well
www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=appliedsciences.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/2021-03/SIF_LIDAR_Podest_Final.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjKot74k7GHAxW3xskDHTo8DZUQFnoECBgQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0C0gQNF93gyd2Z96v8Ci_w
It's all about the wavelength. Same way different wavelengths of light get filtered out by water progressively as you go deeper with the reddish end of the spectrum getting filtered out first and blues penetrating the deepest.
@@LupinoArts
Aerial lidar typically will be green lidar with a wavelength of 532 NM and near infrared or NIR that has a wavelength of 1064 NM. The sensor will read the multiple returns from the laser pulse and the one that has the strongest intensity is considered the last return and is processed to be the bare earth surface. The other returns are classified as things like canopy, structures or noise. There are 5 different qualities of lidar from QL0 which is the highest quality to QL5 which is the lowest quality. The qualities are based on pulse spacing, vertical error and digital elevation model cell size.
NASA has a nice little pdf that explains it and has some cool graphics. Search for The fundamentals of lidar on the googles or NASA.
Liar is extremely cool. South American LiDAR maps show many cities that were invisible before.
As a geologist over 40 some years I went from estimating locations on topo maps to gps and lidar, that I managed to learn to process myself. Lidar is a wonderful tool, but one day I realized that I did a lot of mapping before lidar that was instantly obsolete! And, yes, lidar is good for bedrock mapping too.
Fun fact: Another such event is in central asia. It would have been *the largest flood* during the ice age. I think the Missoula floods come in second or third place.
I thought you were going to talk about something interesting and novel, not just colorized lidar-derived DEMs (aka bare-earth, aka DTMs). In E Washington you don't even need lidar to see the effect on the landscape of the Missoula floods--just regular old aerial imagery. It looks exactly like water flow on the small scale, except it covered half the state.
They're alluding to the evidence that's been known for years of the Glacial Lake Missoula floods, evidence this video omitted for the purpose of making lidar look like the proof Bretz' hypothesis needed. They're talking about evidence that's interesting and novel, so you're wrong, and this video is barely better then clickbait fluff.
I remember Joe talked about this flood in his channel, this video showed a different perspective of that deluge.
Hard to imagine that water could shred solid igneous rocks like that so deeply and quickly, wowser!
Not actually solid. Most all of it was columnar basalt from ancient lava flows. I wouldn't want to try and minimize the power but basalts are much easier to tear apart and wash away.
It's the debris within, not the water!
That stuff is absolutely amazing
I didn't know there was a Colorado River in Texas. That could be confusing! Thanks.
Me either. I had to look it up.
I wonder if there are any large water sources associated with the Greenland or Antarctic ice sheets that could suddenly generate mega floods. Especially regarding Greenland, a sudden, massive influx of freshwater could shut down the AMOC.
Using the laws of thermal dynamics how do you explain the spike at the end of the ice age when the temp increased 18 degrees?
It was not gradual.
Vulcanism has already been ruled out.
The scablands are the symptom, what was the cause?
Colorado river, Texas; not far. Very nice presentation. tu
This kind of stuff is totally up my alley! subscribed
Those LIDAR images are insanely beautiful.
Why are you afraid to use the term Younger Dryas? Or any of the scientific terms for the era?
Afraid?
Maybe these floods didn’t happen during the Younger Dryas. There were lots of upheavals at the tail end of the last ice age
Gonna find a lot of things that throw a twist on the story
Wow! Fascinating! More Please!
The DEMs (digital elevation models) created using the LIDAR imagery are breathtaking
I’m a geospatial analyst and have worked with imagery like this. It’s very fascinating.
I'm lucky enough to live near the channeled scablands. I think I will take my daughter on a road trip to dry falls. She loves the story/history of lake Missoula
Here from It's Okay To Be Smart. Hi Dr.Joe!
I saw those ripples flying into SEATAC in back in 17. Glad to see good maps of it now.
Great video 🫶Footprints in White Sands Desert
23,000 years old. Proves the area that is now a desert once was a wetland. Humans were here
Our indigenous survived these unbelievable floods.
Hopefully scientists are doing this here in Scandinavia.
I'd love to see this done on Australia's Finke River - reportedly the oldest river on Earth.
I've been there. Hard claim to substatiate.... Evidence?
Randall Carlson has been talking about the scabland for years I'm glad technology is proving his hypothesis
Hey! I live there! Dry falls is really cool!
Please make video about Laser Scanning Technology... particularly for landslide or other geo hazard analysis
Fascinating how the LIDAR images could be confused with images of lightning or trees (as shown).
Natures defining force of the path of least resistance. AKA The Buddah mind!
🙏
Excellent video!
Greetings from South Africa. You need to mention Randall Carlson as he has been saying a similar story. Respect where it’s due.
Geoscientist here.
Hate to disappoint you but simple melting at the end of the ice age due to seasonal variations adequately explain the various flood pulses. Pools of meltwater collect behind ice dams that can suddenly give way. Handcock is a psuedoscientist, so he leans towards the overly dramatic; unless you envision many regular impacts🙃.
R. Carlsson, although somewhat misguided about many things, is more restrained and humble than sensationalist Handcock, don't be fooled by his British accent. Like many conspiracy theorists, he uses facts as a base to scaffold an entirely inaccurate conclusion. Hence his deranged early civilisation hypothesis. Carlsson is merely flotsam caught in the flood of bullsh*t Handcock pushes. Excuse the pun.
This phenomenon is already starting in E. Greenland, where I have conducted research. Jameson Land.
Respect for what? What has Randall Carlson contributed other than misinform people on the Scablands?
At best you can credit him with making the Scablands popular but unfortunately for the wrong reasons.
I wish they publicly released this stuff but because of the archeological sites they often uncover they are hard to get a hold of.
That place should be a national park. There’s plenty for everyone to see and learn in a place like that.