Where did Senegal come from for my daughter's DNA results?
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- čas přidán 7. 06. 2024
- UPDATE: First, I would like to thank everyone for their suggestions and comments. After the last ethnicity update through Ancestry, My brother, daughters and I ALL show Cameroon, Congo & Western Bantu Peoples. Other websites that I have used are also closer in their estimates. I am very proud of my mix. I only wish I could find out more about my SSA ancestry. Here is the updated video • Update on my daughter'...
Sharing my DNA results and comparing with my brother's DNA results...mystery with my daughter's results...why does it show Senegal and not Nigeria?
First and foremost: you have a lovely presentation style!
I want to make something clear. Many down below have discussed dormancy and recessive genes and tried to say that is your case. It is not.
They are mistaken.
These DNA tests look at your DNA as a whole. Not just what's dormant or active, dominant-recessive .
The most likely reason why you and your brother are getting different regions for your DNA is likely as a result of the company having small reference populations in Senegal and Nigeria such that it their algorithms could give either one depending on which it is more similar to(the larger the reference population the more they can compare with and determine with more accuracy). So the piece your brother inherited is one that looks more like that of the reference population of one region and yours of the other.
As for your daughter, her piece clearly came from you and thus should be marked as the same region.
But again, if the reference populations of both regions is small (especially since they should be similar to each other as they are geographically close), a mutation(copying error or damage in DNA) even if small may make her DNA look like that of another reference population.
Given appropriately sized reference populations, an algorithm should be able to correctly place someone despite mutations (unless it's some massive mutation that completely changes entire sections but I don't know that to happen).
I'm no geneticist(I'm a Bio major doing undergrad studies) but this is what I can say to the best of my knowledge from what I know of DNA and these tests.
Good luck climbing your family tree!
I agree, funny how so many people think dominant/recessive genes happen to be a big part of the calculation. Thank you for you opinion.
Excellent response. This is what I was thinking too. This difference is due to how the DNA from each of the people tested was divided into categories by the Ancestry algorithm. The suggestion of having a relatively small sample size is a good point. I wonder how the results look now. The number of people, including people of African heritage, exploded in the two years since this video was made. I have heard that the ethnicity results are updated, so I wonder if the DNA results still show this difference for this family now.
@@MrTimFarnham Could you give us an update on your DNA results now? This is such a fascinating video. You are clearly a very smart and careful researcher. Thank you for sharing with us.
@@alexcampbell1668 they get updated but most will if you have a monthly subscription now =/
Thanks so much for sharing. Ancestery has changed my percentages multiple times since I tested some years ago. My daughter recently tested and she can clearly see which parent is which because we have very different ethnic backgrounds. It showed that she had one percent of something from me that I didn't have. I wondered how I could have given her something I didn't have. When I checked my percentages again, sure enough it was there. The most recent update had included it.
Welcome to the family bruh!!!!!! I'll be seeing you at the cook out.
See you there...
+MsGlamTV I'm serious. I love this dude. When most most non- Blacks discover they have S.S. African ancestry; they either ignore it, erroneously claim it is N. African or pass it off as "Oh, this is from thousands of years ago". This guy has a keen interest in his African roots. He's welcome to my cook out any day.
Nicole you are one person that can truly see how I really feel. Because of the small percentage (2%) of Sub Saharan African, I would guess my African ethnicity came about in the 1600s (probably in Virginia). It may have come about through rape (I'm hoping it wasn't) or through love (I'm hoping it's so; however, I will never know).
I am just as proud of my S.S. African ancestry as I am any other ethnicity mix that makes up who I am! I only wish the paper trail researching African ancestry wasn't 1000 times more difficult to research than the non-African paper trail.
+Tim Farnham Welcome to the fam!!
Lmao!
Just a guess. Maybe there was one African ancestor way back who had ancestors from both Senegal and Nigeria
I want to compliment you on your style of presentation. You are clear, to the point, and interesting.
Thank you Maia Allman, you are too kind.
I just couldn't finish watching one. The young lady was so confusing and I had no idea what she was saying. I guess she was still upset to find out that her dad is not her biological father.
African tribes were not limited to present day borders. Europeans created these boarders in the late 1800s & eatly 1900s. So you have to look at your dna on open continent without boarders.
This is so true and accurate Muuri soras. European colonisers adopted the British 'Divide and Rule' principle which meant ethnics groups were split into different countries so that it was easier for them to conquer the local populations. The brothers probably got their African DNA from a single ethnic group found in both present-day Nigeria and Senegal. I'm Zambian but have Angolan blood relatives. I know I'm late to the party Mr Tim Farnham but hope this helps.
Makes a lot of sense. .
well said. you are the voice of reason here
African tribes had Empires and Kingdoms, which did have borders, but not the borders we see today created by European Colonizers. For instance the Hausa Kingdom, Kanem Borno Empire and the Fulani Sokoto Caliphate had borders and are shown on old maps pre Colonial Africa.
@Narkey Toure Appearing white*
Looking white and being white aren't the same.
All I can say is that you'll have to choose between Nigerian Jollof and Senegalese jollof, good luck.
Jolof = Senegalese empire. That says it all lol
Lol jollof is a senegalese name
The original is always better... That's an easy choice... Senegalese... So shade but nigerian /Ghanaian jollof are just pale copies of the original one. I don't intend to be mean
@@ssissigui8846 oh mine 😆my friend is a Senegalese and I'm Nigerian but we sure seems like sisters
Is it Joliof or Wolof?
It's called gene recombination, Tim. Every time you create a child, you're playing something like a lottery. One kid will pull genetics from you, that your other kids might not pull. And if one of your ancestors was from Senegal, but it doesn't show up in your DNA, that doesn't mean it isn't there. Your kids can still pick it up. It's in one of your parents, which is why your brother has it.
Sounds logical to me...
His daughter cannot inherit any genetic material that he didn't get from his parents.
It makes no sense.
I have take the genome companies ethnicity estimates with a strong grain of salt.
My 23andme, AncestryDNA, and FamilyTreeDNA ethnicity estimates are different from each other.
Actually, they can, it's called throwback DNA. I saw a brilliant documentary with Lord Robert Winston, who is a well-respected geneticist here in the UK, where a son was born to two white parents who have white family going back centuaries and he was black. Even when his father demanded a DNA test and he was proved to be his son he still rejected him because his skin colour was black.
All of this is leading me to engage in studying about genes. Its really fascinating.
ERL - Yes indeed
Everyone came out of Africa, we are somewhat the same, various shades of skin makes us all miracles of life.
Joan Gelormo
I use to believe that too but I’m not sure about that any more. I’ve met several people who did the ancestry dna that had 0% African of any kind. For example my sis in law has only 2 variations of European decent. That was it! Her parents came up the same. She is a pure bread sort of speak!
THE FIRST WHITE MAN WAS BLACK
@@luckylucian007
That's true!!
@@momovaryacting8798 all human DNA is essentially African. The DNA test that are popular now don't go back far enough to find prehistoric African DNA.
Its a fact. Suck it up buttercup.
Wow all 32 grandparents. .....that's awesome! Yes it takes many years of research to trace your Ancestral roots. I've veen researching for quite a few years too.
Thanks for sharing
I couldn't stop laughing at the part when u said 'my brother is not daughter's father' I'm guessing your carrying the gene but it's dormant? And that's why it showed up in your daughter's and not yours?
That's one feature of DNA people don't understand. What shows up is not the percentage you got from your parent, but the amount it occupies in your DNA.
Maybe your brother is the father and you the uncle, who knows?
Chansa iwe!!! uletekanya
There is no "dormant" gene.
Roy Peer
Not all siblings get the exact dna from our parents we get 50%. Only so even twins have different percentages and some get things the other didn't
Ten grandchildren? What a blessing 💛
African borders were drawn in Europe so it could be the same Ethnic group found in Senegal that is also found somewhere in Nigeria. I know I am Luo Nilotic African and we are found in Sudan, Congo, Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia, and Uganda. Possibly also in Somalia. It is just a wild vast area that one can travell to and fro. The weather too is favourable for travellers on foot.
Good point...thank you.
Tim Farnham The fula tribe are found in both Nigeria and Senegal so that's probably where the african blood comes from.Thank you for your service btw.
Yes. Fulani Fulani is actually found in both countries...good observation my fellow Nilote.
@@MrTimFarnham When you confine yourself to "recently" made up colonial borders it becomes confusing. Like my Kenyan sister Juliery has said in this thread different tribes were continously migrating borders were irrelevant the DNA markers for your family members have been artificially divided by borders.
@@lilimuthemba3138 I totally agree.
loving all the info here in the comments. it was surprising to find differences in mine and my dad's (Tim's) DNA, and I am really enjoying learning about our ancestry
Hi Melinda...love you.
See my comment on the main thread, but another thing that came to mind was were all these tests done by the same company?
Exactly!
Nigeria & Senegal clearly they're both in one of YOUR parents dna but you just so happened to NOT get the Senegal..its a random thing...your kids still get some of they're grandparents dna. nice video!
Thank you M Battle...
M Battle The only DNA that you can inherit from your grandparents is the DNA that they passed to your parent. Genotypes cannot skip a generation, phenotypes can. For his daughter to have Senegal DNA means that one of her parents (not just grandparents) must carry it
...and neither her mother or I carry it...that's my confusion.
the reason it shows the Senegal vs the Nigeria is because they are the same people. your commen ancestor was probably a person that belonged to a region that in modern day could be eather or. So the dna tester must have just chosen one they think is more likely. The DNA test is as good as the person who is making these '"educated guesses" perhaps it has something to do with the fact that she is a girl maybe she has more Senegal likely hood thought the x linage
Sounds logical to me...could be.
Thank you for being more specific about which tests you took! I've watched a ton of these videos while I consider having one done, but there are different kits and you are the ONLY person so far that mentions which kits you used! 💯
From what I've learned in studying DNA, the distribution is sprinkled down randomly from not only parents but from grandparents, great-grandparents, and further back.
Figuring out the names and dates of all 32 g-g-g grandparents by paper trail is no mean feat. Well done.
mike griebel yes Tim has accomplished much ..Being able to go that far back is awesome I am stuck on my second great grandfather.. I wish I could find him and his wife..they are the ones on my mothers side..It would be her great grandmother and great grandfather..I heard he was Native American and she was white.. There probably is some truth to this because I have 3 or 4 ..fifth .. sixth and seventh ..white cousins..popping up on my page every day..And the sad part is most of them are too embarrassed to respond to any messages..All I’m trying to do is find this missing couple..So I can relate to Tim .. the only difference is I’m black..93%....
I've been working on my family tree for over 20 years and it's actually really hard to believe.
My uncle on my mom's side did our family tree back to something like 738, and a couple of English kings.
@@Starsk25 But probably not all lines to 738. That's the kicker here, it's all 32 g-g-g grandparents.
@@aquilaclark814 I don't know if you have tried this yet but if you know the names of possible siblings, or aunts/uncles look up their families. I found my grandmother's mother and father that way. I found her sister's family on Ancestry, with the names of great grands. Also search by phonetics. Great grandfather's name was Herbert, found it spelled at least 7 different ways. Census takers were not the best spellers.
Hello, I’m not well versed into the DNA methodology, but what is confusing is the fact that they use Place names as opposed to actual ethnicity. And although it is convenient since you can look up who traditionally lived in an area at which point in time, it still doesn’t give a full picture. So when you say Senegal, I can guess Fulani, Wolof, Serere or maybe 3 or 4 other distinct groups. And although the first 3 may share ascendancy going back a few thousand years, they are still seen as separate. As for Nigeria it’s even more complicated and my knowledge there is limited to the major groups, so Haussa, Yoruba, Igbo and, the only one that seem to logically fit four you, the Fulani. They are I believe the only ethnicity group that spans the entire West Africa from senegal all the way to past Nigeria into Northern Cameroon. So without further clarification from your DNA provider, the Fulani group is the one common denominator I know that fits both Senegal and Nigeria. Now what I’m interested in finding out is how far back does that trace go back and whether that is a Y type or mt type, if that is such a possibility with DNA results that is. It is likely that it is from the slavery era if it dates back within the last 5 centuries and especially if it is a mt type. If much older than that, say ~ 1000 years, it could be from the moors era in the Iberian peninsula as there were a strong interrelations between the moors and the Fulani going all the way back to the 10th and 11th Centuries when the Almoravid reconquered the Iberian peninsula with a contingent of about 4000 black Fulani “shock troops” from ancien tekrour which is now known as the Fouta Torro (North East of Senegal). Hope that gives you leads into potential answers to your DNA results.
Thank you for the wealth of info and history. Awesome. God Bless.
It is before slavery. 6000- to 1000 years ago.via Iberia penisular.and. Our ancestors sailed across the the Atlantic b4 Holy Jihad b4 the portuguese exploration. ( The Africa Empires..like Mali. SONGHAI. etc.etc...it is our nonmelanin brothers and sisters need to find out their true ethnicity. That was how we were grouped_ classified/ identified..shm
M
You left out the most important thing it's that we are Bantu which covers all of the place
Thank you for sharing your results with us.
I also Love studying & compiling my family history.
About your daughter's Senegal results, it could be because there are certain tribes in senegal and northern nigeria that are the same or related to each other like the Fulani/Fula, Hausa and Taureg, so its probably the company's way of matching them some how. Just my thought.
Thanks...
you've got it... Matiyas... the pulah or fulanis ... the desert's tribes are present across the whole desert... from Senegal to eastern Nigeria..... some might say lower sudan.... (they have arabs features light skin... )
Thank you rdokoye...
J. Matiyas Fulani's and Tuaregs are nomads. They exist in over 50% of Africa.
learn to speak with facts and proof... I don't know what to make of your comment... moreover learn a little bit of the history of these northern tribes... we are talking about history and the origin of a VERY LARGE ethnic Group... beloved please know your African HISTORY facts... MOST OF THEM DON'T LIVE IN NIGERIA!!!
One of her ancestors were passing,
I was going to say the same thing. Passing was very common. For economic advancement, It actually still happens today.
This response has nothing to do with his question. He wasn’t asking why he had African DNA, he was asking why his African DNA is from a different region than his daughter’s.
Mrssewhardtoplease passing means someone who has black ancestry who looks white.
Passing means a black person that looks white enough to live as a white person.
Mrssewhardtoplease look up some of these celebrities that are 50/50 black and white but you couldn't tell they weren't White if they didn't tell you.... Rashida Jones, Cash Warren, Pete Wentz, Wentworth Miller, Trojan Pratt-Bellisario, Gabrielle Reece. Just a few, if they had been born during slavery or afterward they could have passed (passed for white)
Don't look so sad Tim, your a " Brother" too! So be proud of what you and your family are...
You make me think of my dad. That's a compliment. My dad is awesome. :-)
Thank you Niamh-Creates...
Hello Tim, I can't give you a definite answer. but I can't give you my theory. as in hidden traits of illness. Also the traits of DNA can lie dormant from parent to child. I think of a story that I saw take place in Los Angeles. A white couple had born to them a baby of color. Naturally they used every excuse possible to disclaim the child until the father's mother came forward to tell him that his great grandfather was a black man. But you couldn't tell it by appearance. But after two generations, that gene or trait came forward.
This can also happen with twins. Mainly girls.
Thank you Ronald for your theory...something to think about.
We have a dear family friend with a very American, very common name, mom has a southern drawl as slow as molasses and dad could star in a Dodge commercial..thing is biological daughter is a beautiful Asian girl...very confusing till you learn that Ggrandma was 100% Japanese.
You mean he tanned in the sun? Or he had corkscrew curls?!
Ronald Coleman - Thank you for the input . Biology is clearly speaking for itself !!.
Tim Farnham The reason why siblings look different is because every time people children they send a different mixture of DNA chromosomes over to that child. Not all comes with child like a lottery sort of. So you got one type of the mixture or set of those 23 chromosomes and even if one of your parents have sub sharian in them it may not be in the lottery ox up to that child. Each gets a different mix up of the parents chromosomes each time they have a child. Hence brothers and sisters look different but similarities exist. When identical twins are born they get the exact sand DNA therefore they look exactly alike. Hope that makes sense and help!!
I would love to see a follow up video to this. Share what you and your relations learned.
Wow, this guy is really interested in his ancestry!
Thank you for posting. This was very interesting and educational.
Thank you...
This video was so informative. Thank you!
There was a lot of migration in ancient Africa, and some tribes split up from their mother tribe and settled in areas far away from their original tribe. That explains why your daughter's DNA says Senegal, and yours says Nigeria, and your brother's says Senegal.
+Tim Farnham - Senegal, and Northern Nigeria, used to be part of my country, Mali. Unfortunately, just as some black Americans have European DNA from the Transatlantic slave trade... some Europeans have African DNA for the same reason. For many years, some European countries sold their citizens to Arabs and Turks, or they were captured by them. After they were in custody, most were brought across the Mediterranean sea, into Morocco, where they were sold on the Saharan trade routes controlled by Mali. In the Sahel and Maghreb, my people knew the European slaves as jonow, or saqaliba. In the Levant, they were simply known as saqaliba. If you would like to know more about it, many of the European slaves who gained their freedom, eventually returned to their home countries, and wrote books about their experiences being enslaved in Morocco, Egypt, Mali, etc. Many of these books are still available. This is a probable reason for the Senegal and Northern Nigeria results you received. Also, the Hausa people of Northern Nigeria were notorious for purchasing European slaves on the trade routes. As far as I know, most were Greek, Spanish, and Eastern Europeans. But there were also others as well. Eventually, in the late nineteenth century, the French colonized our country, and broke Mali into smaller countries, including Senegal. South Eastern Mali, was captured by the Brits, and eventually renamed to Nigeria.
m018264808888 . I have received my DNA results back and I'm Senegal, Mali , West Asia , North and South, Central African along with alot of things I will be going to my local library to do more research because it's confusing to me but all to say I'm happy with my results but I was hoping for 100% African
+Toya Toya - Hey, congratulations! If you're interested, I would also suggest taking the Africanancestry.com tests. They will give you your specific ethnicity, within the countries you are from. I took them, and they showed accurate results... since I already knew what country I was from. So they are very accurate. If you want to take the test to determine your paternal ethnicity, you will have to have a brother, father, uncle, grandfather, etc., take it for you, if you are female. If you do this, you will also know the language(s), foods, clothing, etc., that your people have. And if you are motivated to do so, maybe even learn your language. If you can think in your language, you will have a different understanding of your people than just reading about them.
m018264808888 your response was very informative. my results had a high percentage for Mali. I don't often see that in others results videos.
+Lauretta foster - Yes, I believe Malian ancestry is quite rare in African Americans. Regarding Mali though, if you decide to take the tests, post your ethnicity in a comment on this video, and I may be able to tell you some of your history. Especially if you are Mandenka, or Fula. FYI, the tests may not indicate "Mandenka" specifically, but instead may show Malinke', Soninke', Mende', Bamana, etc., which are all Mandenka by different names.
m018264808888 for my ancestry results I got 19% Mali, 19% Bantu,17%benin, and 13% Senegal
of all the dna videos i have watched, this is the most interesting. thx!
Thank you Jhanetic H.
Excellent presentation & analysis!
Ethnicity is a educated guess done by algorithms. I've uploaded my raw DNA file to many sites and get different results from every site! My heritage seems to give the best results for my northern European family tree. I found out via DNA test my dad was not my dad. All the oldies have passed on so no one to ask.
Wendy...but nowadays they can start with your cousins etc that’s how up on your test and work backwards to locate relatives on HIS side and contact them for info. I see it on Finding Your Roots PBS they hv ways to research in reverse. It’s even done in criminal cases now. So fascinating. Just throwing that out to ya. Blessings from Texas this freezing February day
@@doghairdontcarelindaniel7531you are right. That is how I found out birth certificate Dad wasn't my Dad. None of my cousin's showed up in the relative matches. I have worked backwards from paternal cousin DNA matches to figure out who my biological father is. Sadly he passed away in the early 90's. I just can't figure out how they met etc. Some things we will never know.
Hey, what trips me out is that most of the people with Senegal DNA are also Latino/Hispanic and have a ton of Iberian peninsula DNA as well.
Maybe so...However, I have 0% Latino/Hispanic. My estimated Iberian Peninsula mix is at 11%.
Hey, Hispanic/Latino isn't traceable in DNA.. There are a lot of White Hispanics but your 11% indicates you have Spanish, French, or Portuguese in you and the combination of your Iberian Peninsula and the Senegal combined is what I see in some Hispanics that have taken the test. (Not to say that you are but there could be a connection.) Your ancestor might have been an inhabitant of Spain. It's just neat that you have the connection.
I mentioned that I have 10 grandchildren and that I have had their DNA tested. When I look at their results, I can only think that we are truly children of the world. The DNA of my grandchildren shows results from every corner of the world. The father of one of my grandsons is Hispanic/Latino, those results show up as Native American.
Granted there are a lot of people of Native American Ancestry that are Hispanic but there are a lot that have none. (Lots of them on the reservation) People look for the Native to be mixed in with the European to have the Mestizo but like in America a lot of the Native Blood was mixed away but generations of Whites that live in Mexico are actually Hispanic. I understand what you mean but I have seen a lot of DNA tests (too many lol) and Hispanic and Latino aren't on there and that's what I meant. It's a heritage but they can't say for a fact that the Native blood isn't mixed with French. Theirs just happens to be Spanish and Native but not all Natives have Spanish blood or were colonized. Some, in fact, did a little bit of creative spreading with other cultures. I'm saying in short that you can't tell someone is Dominican by the test. It's cool you have so much admixture in your family. Mine is a bit of a melting pot so to speak.
I agree...
I liked you video, very well explained, it was nice of you to share this with us.
Thank you for your comment...
I think it’s amazing you know the names of all 32 of your great great great grandparents! I’d give ANYTHING to know that information.
Tim you have such a great personality !
dlovingly you are too kind...
I love the fact that your mind is open to explore this part of your dna.
He did a very good job of explaining how siblings can get different results. Thanks.
EXCELLENT explanation about how AUTOSOMAL DNA works.
Mr. Farham,
In the 18 century, some Senegalese religious chiefs led a crusade they said to stop the Slave Trade, thus migrated to Middle and Northern Nigeria. Their leader was a Fulani ( or a Tukolor, these 2 ethnic groups are closely related) by the name of Usman Dan Fodio. Perhaps this explains the difference between your DNA results and those of your daughter; that these Senegalese genes could be found in Nigeria and in Senegal.
Good point...sounds logical, thank you.
You are welcome. I hope it helps.
mariethey anate must be , those people used to move a lot. Toucouleur in French and fulla ,fulani are the same they say " mbimi" meaning "I say"
Tim Farnham you must be from fulani descents. They have nomadic lifestyle and are endogamous. They don't care about borders an never will.
mariethey anate you’re right
*light hearted chuckle* No Maury situation going on! Thanks for sharing. I have found ancestry to be helpful in my records research. You stated you have used paper trails prior to the whole online thing. What resources have found to be most helpful outside of federal census records?
Hi BrOwnSgr, the pre-internet ancestry search took soooo much more time! What I have found to be most helpful when it comes to paper trail research are death certificates and wills. On the death certificate sometimes, you get to go back one more generation with the deceased's parents being listed; however, many times I would see "Unknown" listed under parents and with the Last Will and Testament you MAY find listed all the children (keeping in mind that some children were left out of the will).
In my video, I also mentioned cemetery records. This reminds me of one time while looking for a particular headstone (looking for John Farnham)...the first headstone I walked up to made the hair on the back of my neck stand straight up! The headstone said "Timothy Farnham"- my name!
On a side note: I watched your video...sharing your DNA results...great video and great T-shirt...with my 2% Nigeria, I can't wear the t-shirt.
Tim Farnham There is still a lot we don't know about DNA. As we advance in technology, you might find out that it is very possible for your daughter to have a DNA strand that is not apparent in you
Chikodili Enemo yes
Loved this. Interesting and informative comments.
I am from the Caribbean and it would be comedy time if we tried these ancestry testing.
Wow you been working on your tree long time. 32 grandparents that's awesome. DNA is something . Ok thanks for clearing that up about the brother not being father. Its down in the line that why your daughter has Senegal.
Something like this happened with me and my brothers DNA but it still show up as brother and sister. It’s because if you have one grand parent from that country it will show up as 1% or more. I was told by one of the companies that some genes show up in some and not in others. My brother was 47% European and I was 47% sub Saharan African. His European was thru Russian Iceland up there but my 37% European was UK Irish Spain and Portugal. It’s that not all share the exact gene. But we took MORE GENE FROM DIFFERENT GRAND PARENTS AND NOT FROM SOME OTHER GRAND PARENTS.
Very interesting Rose...thank you for your comment.
Senegal and Nigeria have shared DNA almost interchangeable. Be proud of your African ancestry.
I am...
You have a lot less African DNA than most presidents and generals in the US. You are a decent and honorable man.
lol i like his disclaimer, "my brother is not my daughter's father".
Just watched a show on identical twin girls did 5 different DNA tests to compare to each other. They all came back a little different from each other & each company that did it. A specialist in DNA said to check the fine print on each company because they are only about 50% accurate. And they can change over time as they do updates. Hope this helps.
You made me laugh when you clarified that your brother was not your daughter's father. Loool
I laughed to
He's in denial. 🤣🤣
Tim: This is going to sound strange but I'll mention it. After seeing your video I could not help but think of the kids that Thomas Jefferson had with his slave mistress, Sally Hemings. Sally's mother was half white, half black (Sally was also the half sister to Jefferson's "official" wife. They shared the same white father). Then Sally had kids with Jefferson. These kids, as you can imagine, were very white looking. In fact, if I'm not mistaken, they all could "pass" for white. One daughter left for the Washington area when she became a young adult, and supposedly got married to a white man and entered a new life as a person who had "passed." I don't think anyone knows what eventually became of her, her family and so on. But it's probably safe to say that her descendants today appear completely white. But if they did an ancestry test, they may get the same result you got from sub-Saharan Africa because of Sally Hemings's grandmother who was from Africa. I would be very interested in knowing whether my supposition is correct. Who knows? Maybe you're a descendant of Sally Hemings or someone who had a similar family background. Have you ever read "The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family," by Annette Gordon-Reed, a Harvard professor? If not, I highly recommend it. Like others, I found your video very interesting.
Another book you might be interested in is Philip Roth's novel The Haman Stain. It was made into a very good movie that went nowhere for some reason.
I am kin to Sally Hemmings! Fact is...they don't have DNA downpact...mine keeps changing as more people are doing the test. Somewhere one of your ancestors have African blood - that is all.
@@malcolmfraser7939 Will look into this when I get a chance. Thanks.
@@deemcghee-piepie3089 I was very surprised to hear from a descendant of Sally Hemings! Do you know which of her kids you descended from? This is very interesting.
@@AnishinaabeWaterProtector Like Dee McGhee above, you too really surprised me by simply responding. I spent a lot of time thinking about Sally Hemings after I learned of her: What did she really look like? What was her relationship with Jefferson really like behind closed doors and so on. She's a really interesting figure.
whispering, someone(s) in your family tree was black... you and your wife may not show up, it's there! As you see...
Thank you for sharing your story. You likely have your answer by now.
When you click the button on ancestry for your full ethnicity estimate, click on the little box in front of Senegal. Ancestry reports minute amounts of DNA from regions as Zero percent. Some of my trace regions had less than 1% so I was wondering what made up the hundred and started checking all the boxes that had Zero and found about 5 more regions that were not recorded in my ethnicity estimate because they believed the amounts were too small. Senegal may have only been on a few of your chromosomes and not significant enough, but your daughter may have still gotten that 1% from you.
Good point!! Thank you very much.
Well, I gave it a try...low and behold both daughters show traces of both Senegal and Nigeria... For one daughter, they list the Senegal and not the Nigeria, while the other daughter they list the Nigeria and not the Senegal. Beginning to answer the question; however, under my results Senegal shows 0% - 0%.(and my wife shows 0% for Senegal).
Tim Farnham The fact that it does not show for both you or your wife is weird. It's a possibility they could not pick up based on what segments of your DNA they tested. I'll do some digging and I'll get back to you. It shouldn't be possible for children to get DNA neither parent has. It is a possibility they missed it.
+Tim Farnham The Fulani people of the greater Mali region were pastoralists and long distance traders, they were basically travellers and settled all over west africa for months at at time, the fact that it shows both nigeria and senegal means its probably fulani because that was their trade route. its still the same ethnic people, just means when the scramble for africa happened and the europeans split that region into mordern day nigeria and senegal. This link kind of tries to explain the scramble for africa.
www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Scramble_for_Africa
maybe they considered something you have as part of something else but when put togheder with a gene of your wife they considered it as a different thing...
I'd simply ignore the problem for now,some time lether they'll probably correct it...
Hi Tim...Here is my understanding of DNA from a scientific / layman pov: You know that coil, of LONG DNA strands and structure....each section is like a building block of coded information (DNA). And when anyone is born - we get what's available WITHIN THE CODE not just from Mom 50% / and Dad 50%...so instead of thinking (which was half correct) 50%/50% mom and dad split - think 50%/50% any variation of the two parents - but not ethnicity but DNA molecules, You may have dormant genes that may not show up for generations to come! and You may not possesses genes that some of your ancestors 300 - years back. It's really cool when you think about it because the whole world is one family and we're all cousins!
That is true, we are all cousins. There is a saying in my part of Africa that goes like this: "Humanity is small broken pieces of a calabash." I think those ancient Africans who invented this saying knew why.
That's so beautiful...And in Jamaica we say 'out of many, one people'
My mother remembers going around looking for sites and areas where our ancestors were as well back in the day. I remember my Grandma sitting us down and showing us these results. I thought it was interesting.
I don't know much about DNA, but I think you explained it yourself, the question you posted. In your family, you might get some genes while your brother might get others... some genes I assume are active, while others are dormant and even though appparently those don't seem to be present, they are there and you pass them to your daughter...
The sub Saharan heritage was a mixture of Nigeria and Senegal
You have the Senegalese dna also. It is just so minute that it did not show up in your test. Let your brother, test his kids. One of them may have the Nigerian dna, because he also has it, even though at an insignificant level.
Great video!
Thank you...
I'm just wondering if a couple years later this mystery has been solved? My guess is that the markers for Senegal are very similar to the markers for Nigeria. And perhaps if the marker shows up in an area both regions it is up to the person reading the DNA to determine which they think it is. I'd be curious to learn if you ever found out.
Yes, my question has been answered. Since the time I posted this video, Ancestry has updated their ethnicity calculations. My brother no longer shows Senegal in his ethnicity estimates. Now my brother, two daughters and I (all 4 of us) show Cameroon/Congo/South Bantu people.
Some of the same ethnic groups live in both Nigeria and Senegal.
You could be a teacher. Love your voice
I was a teacher, for 30 years before I retired. My title was first "Engineer"; however, soon I began to teach engineering for a high tech company in Silicon Valley. I taught throughout Europe, Asia and the Americas (North and South). Loved every minute of it.
All of the companies allow for a certain level of error. So some segments of your DNA may not have processed properly on your test, but those areas did on your daughters. I know this to be true because I did Ancestry as did both of my daughters and they both share a few matches on my father's side I don't. Also, when we looked at the chromosome browser on Ged there were segments greyed out for me that were not for both of them. So that could be the case for you and your daughter. Ancestry has updated all their regions now so do you have more matching regions?
Thank you for your comment Mary Pye. I posted this video 3 years ago and since then Ancesry has updated a couple of times. Now my brother, daughters and I all show Nigeria.
Maybe this could help with your question. Click on see all regions tested then go to the country that your daughter tested positive for and you didn't...you might of got some DNA from that country Ancestry just didn't list it...I have a dot of European Jewish but it didn't show up on her Ancestry DNA but showed up on DNAland and gedmatch. So, I tried all regions tested and she did have a dot of European Jewish.
It's the same as it would be for Northwest European. There's an overlap. The two groups are possibly connected.
He's so adorable
I would just call the AncestryDNA (technical) support team. I had some privacy questions, however the same phone rep was able to explain why my daughter, with Native American roots, would show as having East Indian instead, but still likely the Native American we'd thought. So, I think your best explanation will come from a direct phone call. I'd sure be interested in the answer if you get one.
Ancestry is a bit random. I have bigger cousin matches a with lot of people than my father has, and I doubt all of them are also related to my other side (eg he has 12 and I have 14cms with one and some of the people match even higher with me but also with him at lower numbers.) The admixture results are also a bit skewed. Have you opened up some of the 0 per cent results to see if there is actually a range of possibilities? I would upload to GEDMatch if I were you - they have a load of ancestry tests.
Very interesting point, thank you. I agree that the admixture results are a bit skewed. All of my 0% results show a range of 0% -- 0%. I have been a member of GEDMatch for a couple of years now. Thanks again.
What is the confusion ? your daughter gene is recessive it came from a grandparent
all dna and gene were tested there is no recessive that count, you are not considering only the fenotype
i don't think we are talking about recessive genes. i think this is genetic recombination which occurs during meiosis.
a child cannot inherit genetic material that a child's parent didn't get from child's grandparents
My guess is that Senegal did not show in your genetics because it stayed as a recessive gene but displayed in your daughter. It is still in your lineage, since it was in your brother's genes. I may be wrong, but it is my educated guess.
My brother and I have the same parents so...yes, Senegal is in our ancestry even if it didn't show up in my DNA test...I'm still not sure about the dominant/recessive gene thing.
Tim Farnham dominant or ressessive wouldnt matter. it shows ALL genes. It could be because of recombination, or ancestrys rounding
Getachew Bekalu
Mll
Cinnamon Starr If you have a small amount of black in than it has to be recessive.
I have been intrigued by this question since I first viewed this video almost a year ago. And I checked back in to see if you found the actual answer. It’s a very interesting question that someone from ancestry.com should be willing to answer. Please update!
Ancestry has updated their ethnicity estimates a couple of months ago. They went from 3,000 to 16,000 reference samples (they say it is more accurate). Both of my daughters, my brother and my own ethnicity mix changed. The Nigeria and Senegal estimates changed for all of us, it now shows 0%; however, now we all four match with Cameroon, Congo and South Bantu peoples.
Tim Farnham I had a guess that was the case but it was still such an interesting brain teaser of a question. So Glad for the update. Thanks.
Thank you for sharing!
Greetings Tim!! First off welcome to the family! 😊
I'm not sure if it has been stated already but we also must keep in mind that these tests while pretty accurate for what is tested are not 100% accurate in who we are entirely because unfortunately they do not test 100% of our SNPs so there could certainly be some smaller percentages in us that just weren't picked up from these tests. You may very well be Senegalese as well but that part of your DNA just wasn't tested. I think it would cost hundreds maybe even thousands of dollars to get our entire genome tested. I think I read that we have like roughly 10 million SNPs but depending on the test, only capture anywhere from 500,000-700,000 SNPs.
It's funny because when I ran the HarappaWorld Admixture test for my mom it picked up East-African (something my sister always gets mistaken for so we were sure it was there for my mom). But there it is in several Gedmatch Admixture tests but not in Ancestry. Everything else was pretty much parallel.
That is my biggest guess. These tests just aren't yet up to par with testing all 100% of our genome. You never know, you may do another test from another company and it may it pick up. 😊
Thank you...and a wonderful family it is...
What a great answer, and so very logical. Ancestry boasts about looking at just over 700,000 SNPs; however, if there are millions of SNPs, then the probability of me also have a small percentage of Senegalese is very likely. Thank you.
Tim Farnham You are so very welcome!! 😊 It was the first thing I thought of (well the second until you stated that your baby is definitely yours. Lol!). I had to explain the opposite to someone who couldn't figure out why her results didn't pick up any of her Native American when she swore that her Grandmother was 100% Native. My thought was that even with the "low" number of SNPs tested it should/would have picked up at least a sliver of such a close full-blooded ancestor. Clearly her Grandma was not 100% Native even though her Grandma could possibly have been a small percentage but it just didn't pass on to her. It's all so fascinating.
I really enjoyed your video. 😊
Single-nucleotide polymorphism
Helloo i have a question. Had my DNA done by "MY Heritage". Im South African born but nowhere in my results were ANYTHING from South Africa, but rather from Kenya, Nigeria and East Africa. My family comes from the tip of Africa for centuries. We are called the "cape coloureds". There we have Khoi and San people with lots of european influence and from India and South East Asia etc. Now this all I was not surprised at all. There is to my knowledge no Kenyans that came to the southern tip of Africa.
The question is WHY is there not even 1% Khoi or San which is our indigenous people. Do they have southern africa in their data bank. Im not so sure that my results were genuine
I uploaded my raw DNA to MyHeritage and received completely different results. I looked at My Heritage's ethnicity coverage...when it comes to Africa, their database covers Central, East, North and West Africa. South Africa is not covered on their map. Don't take my word for it, go to their website and click on "All Supported Ethnicities".
Hebrews migrated all over
Any Indian % Some Indians came to South Africa via Kenya so could have mixed Indian/Kenyan then gone to South Africa. Same too for English. Could have interbred in Kenya then migrated to South Africa.
I enjoyed listening to you talk very calm and explained great. I liked your explanation about your brother and you. I come from a large family myself and nine full brothers. I thought about taking the dna test just to see what comes up. I can go back nine generations on father’s side and twelve on mother’s side. DNA is very interesting 🤔
Yes, DNA is very interesting...wow, you have gone back nine generations on your father's side and twelve on your mother's side. Enjoy your research.
Genetics does not break down the way we assume it would. any combination of your genetic code can be passed or inherited from any relative in the bloodline. Look at the explanation provided below for further explanation
I'll see u at the cook out 😆
Hello. My family is from Cyprus. On Ancestry I get no African . On MyHeritage I get Nigerian. On 23&Me, I get Senegal. One of my daughters shows Senegal too. I have seen recent videos that show that the DNA testing companies do not analyse your whole DNA. Ancrstry justs tests 1%, and 23&Me they only test 6%. So that’s why things randomly show up. Enjoy the journey.None of them are inaccurate. But some dna is being missed in each test.
Your surname is Farnham and comes from England. Would you know if by any chance you were related to the Australian singer (who was born in England) named John Farnham? He used to be a member of the Little River Band back in the 1970s. I think he was with the LRB. He has been a well known and popular singer down under from the 1980s. Especially after his famous album Whispering Jack was released in the 1980s. I'm just curious!!
I have heard of the singer John Farnham...we are not related as far as I know.
Actually, I just found out Senegal is about 1,600 miles from Nigeria. I was thinking of the country of Benin - which is just east of Nigeria. But still, that distance would be like traveling from Upstate New York to San Antonio, Texas. This distance could be traversed easier by sea in the old days.
Yes I was basically going to say what others said. Because a lot the countries are new in comparison to your DNA ancestry is basically just saying your DNA closely matches people found around these areas. But I think Africa mainly went by tribes and the borders weren't as defined. So yes ancestry should have just said west African but I guess a lot of people want more specific information. So they made an educated guess based on the population samples but I'm sure the DNA is closely related between those two countries. At least I'm assuming from what I've read.
Hi Brandi...I think you hit the nail on the head...the people of Nigeria and the people of Senegal have DNA that is so similar, ancestry has not perfected their Algorithm on the differences of their ethnicity. On a side note: I wonder if ancestry will ever differentiate between Germany and France (rather than just saying Europe West)?
Hi Tim - you might want to have a look at a company/test called Living DNA . They have a much bigger break down of the various regions in the UK based on on a genetic study of the people of Great Britain. I know they are currently trying to do a similar study to break down area in Germany and also one for Ireland. Hope that helps the link is - www.livingdna.com/de/blog/254/new-living-dna-project-aims-map-germany-s-genetic-history
Thank you Lexie, I was not aware of those two studies. I had read a little bit about the UK study (all 4 grandparents being born within 80 km of each other); but, I hadn't heard about the study in Germany. Thanks again.
Moors were Morrocans, not sub-Saharan Africans as Nigerian or Senegalese would suggest. Completely different populations of people.
I think results will become more accurate over time with more research.
Ancestry has a significant amount of overlap with all of their regions. I have less than 1% of European Jewish. My husband has 0% European Jewish but my daughter shows 3% European Jewish. Her range is between 0-6 % and mine is only to 2%. I've been trying to figure that out for the longest. Everything else about our results makes sense.
Thank you for sharing your daughter's unexpected results...so I'm not the only one with strange results when it comes to matching up DNA results between parents and their children. Maybe it has something to do with the way Ancestry uses the estimated ranges and comes up with a specific percentage...
You are welcome! 😄
L lg It completely makes sense. You have as much Jewish genes as your siblings, but your results will still be different. Its possible that you have a Native American ancestor but it wouldnt show up in DNA tests, why? Because our body kind of chooses some DNA to be dominant out of our own DNA. This sounds vague, I know.
Imagine 2 siblings. One of them has pale skin, blue eyes and blonde hair. The other one has tan skin, brown eyes and black hair. They both have the blue eyes, brown eyes, black hair, blonde hair, pale skin, tan skin genes, but when they were still in their moms belly, their bodies randomly chose some genes to be dominant which resulted in different looking siblings. BUT the girl with brown eyes still has the blue eye gene, it just doesnt show physically. Vice versa for the blue eyed one.
You most likely have more Jewish ancestry, but your body just chose some of that DNA to be dominant. It could also be that your husband has a lot of Jewish ancestry, but isnt dominant for him. He still passes it on though! We still have that for example blue eye gene that we pass on to our children even though we might not show it physically ourselves and thus isnt dominant.
Hi Guys! I think the reason a person's child can have seemingly incongruent DNA results with the parent is because, lets say I have 50% African, 25% native American and 25% European DNA, with a 100% European partner. I could for example pass on to one of my children 50% African DNA and to another child pass on 25% African and 25% Native American. The children would look very different and are drawing from the same DNA pool. This reveals the beauty and randomness of DNA and is why in one family, full blooded siblings can look so very different but carry different percentages of various ethnic groups.
Lisa Guillory, I agree 100% with what you just said. In my own example I'm 4% Great Britain while my brother is 56% Great Britain...I'm 2% Nigeria (0% Senegal) while my brother is 2% Senegal (0% Nigeria) and he and I do look very different (he looks more like our dad where I look more like our mom). My issue is that my wife is 100% European, I'm 98% European with 2% African (Nigeria)...our daughter's DNA results shows 1% African (Senegal)...neither my wife or I have Senegal DNA...where did it come from when it comes to our daughter's DNA results?
This is a very good question, we have 2 sets of dna, each person: (genotype and phenotype). So how much of your phenotype do we pass along to offsprings? My daughter has dna from me for Northern India, but my dna test does not show this; her father's was afghanistan and russia...somethig is amiss...I think these tests are a bit deeper than we are believing....
Hello Tim, got your reply to my comment thank you . Iam Native American and ancestry is important , we are 80% Native 🪶🪶
Senegal was the First capital of “Afrique Occidentale ” or French West Africa. Four communes in Senegal were considered French territory and their resident, including those born in the region were considered Citizen: (the region of saint Louis in northern Senegal, the Capital Dakar-Goree Island, area of Rufisque, and Ouakam region). After the Portuguese left Sene-Gambia post slavery, in the early 1700 they were replaced by the French them. So from 1750, until independence in 1960, over 250 the French soldiers in Senegal first capital have been mixing with local women and Citizen Senegal men marry both mix race and some French women, rare in those days. Many were considered French citizen, some moved to France, including French-Senegal first Member of Parliament (MP) Blaise Diagne.”
In fact during and after WWI Black Senegalese troops, who were considered French citizen were entitled to serve in the French Infantry. Many fought, some died, others settled in France after the war. Some went on to marry French (White) women. And I suspect some of your ancestors were the offspring or descendent of that Black Senegalese / French Citizen we fought in WWI.
Wow, Pops. She's probably really beautiful :)
Yes... with just a drop of African blood makes most all other races of humans = beautiful people ... curly hair, tan or olive skin, style, rhythm, swag and personality... its all good.
Ummmmmm bye Felecia. Smh.
Very interesting video, you did make me laugh with your comment on your brother. I had two of my grown sons' tested. One son had small percent South Asia. While the other son had small percent Central Asia. Just had the son/ with ~South Asia~ My Grand daughter/ his daughter tested . She shows up like her Uncle with Central Asia. Not like her Father with S. Asia. Could borders in these countries be so close DNA overlaps ? It's all quite fascinating. My oldest son and I also took part 2006 in Sorenson's Research study on the MT DNA studies. Good luck on your discoveries. Hope you keep sharing. interesting video.
Very interesting...thanks for sharing.
Ancestry has updated your results several times since you posted this videos. Have your results changed in anyway?
Yes they have changed. Now my brother, daughters and I all show Nigeria for the SSA.
May have been a love connection back in the day...
I can only hope it was in fact a love connection and not what so many people feel..thank you O Dubb....and thank you for your service (I'm guessing from your photo). I served a few years back in the 1960s (discharged in Dec 1968).
Tim Farnham Thank you and thank you for your service as well! Yeah I try to wish for the best... I just sent my DNA kit off. Kinda nervous about the results myself.
@@orlandow1723 You're just nervous that you're going to find canine DNA with traces of tobacco and alcohol. #USMCdna
It could have been love, or your ancestor could have been real kinky and sadistic. 🤷🏽♀️
@Michele Thomas
Then reality hits us with a blow that knocks us backwards and enlightening us that an overwhelming majority was indeed raped (no love but violence); both sides of my families. The norm was the little female children would be raped by "massa", by one or all of his sons (how they learned to have sex), overseer, or some sadistic visitor. What can the little girl or any black woman do? Nothing but take it and have babies over and over and over. ;(
Another tibit: husbands of the females and parents of the little girls usually had to watch; however, many times no husbands, fathers or parents of the raped were present.
Just saw this video while working on my family tree. One place he should study is Iberia or Spain which was under Muslim rule for years. Also as a descendant from slaves the fact that you can find 32 grandparents is remarkable. The dna tests are all limited. Don't loose sleep over them. And welcome to the family. You are not alone. There are many more Blonde, blue eyed Americans with more than 2 percent African in their blood. I know at least 70 million who need to be tested.
Ethnicity is tracked by looking at changes (mutations) in dna, which come approximately 1-2 per generation, though most of it happens in parts we consider being a trashcode. It is possible that your daughter has a mutation which makes her more similar to Senegal, but I think it more likely that tracked dna is came from multiple parts and neither your brother or daughter have inherited parts which differs Nigeria from Senegal.
I remember looking for details about the G2 haplogroup (my Y-DNA), and I found in a more recent post than this movie, that you are from the G2 haplogroup. Are you of haplogroup I1 or G2?
Thank you for your comment Popa Cristian. Yes, my latest Y-DNA results are G2a. In this (old) video, at the time I had only had my Y-DNA tested through a fairly new genetic company here in Silicon Valley (at least 15 years ago). My latest test results show G2a...Looks like we both may have a common cousin from about 5300 years ago...Otzi the iceman. If I may ask, where did you discover that my Y-DNA haplogroup is G2?
@@MrTimFarnham You posted the result of the Living DNA test on an fb group.
Both haplogroups G and I are brothers, and are sons of the ancient haplogroup F which was discovered in the oldest (~41.000 years ago) human remains in Europe ("Oase 1" in Romania).
I think that 15 years ago not much was known about the G2 haplogroup, which from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age was the most widespread haplogroup in Europe and is related to the introduction of agriculture, pottery and a revolution in the organization of human society in a modern one. Now G2 is one of the rarest but is widespread in small proportions of 1-10% throughout Europe.
I received the result G2-L13. I looked at the haplogroup G tree and our subgroups are cousins, having as common ancestor the G2a2 subgroup that lived about 16,000 - 17,000 years ago. Although a long time has passed, we are still separated by only a few mutations on the Y chromosome. Otzi's L166 is on the same branch as L91, and L13 is on a parallel branch, having the same common ancestor G2a2.
P.S. I noticed that Livng DNA tests more subgroups of Y than those that communicate us. In case you haven't done a new, more advanced Y test, you can analyze the raw Y-DNA file and you may find other more recent subgroups of L91 that have not been reported to you. If you want I can explain how.
My Father shows up as Greek, and my son and I show up as Italian. In Sicily, the Greeks and Italians married. The DNA results are different for my Father than what I thought, but son and I actually pretty much turned out the way I thought it would, except the shock of Scandinavian.
I don't think they test every single marker. I believe they use an algorithm of some sort. So you and your brother may indeed have both Senegal and Nigerian markers. However a really small amount. So the algorithm may detect a small amount of these markers in you, your bother and your daughter. But since they don't look at every single marker the results may vary a little bit.
Sounds logical, could be...thank you.
John Simms The Almoravid dynasty (Berber: Imṛabḍen, ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⴹⴻⵏ; Arabic: المرابطون, Al-Murābiṭūn) was an imperial Berber dynasty centered in Morocco.[1][2] It established an empire in the 11th century that stretched over the western Maghreb and Al-Andalus. Founded by Abdallah ibn Yasin, the Almoravid capital was Marrakesh, a city the ruling house founded in 1062. The dynasty originated among the Lamtuna and the Gudala, nomadic Berber tribes of the Sahara, traversing the territory between the Draa, the Niger, and the Senegalrivers.[3]
One of your distant relatives had in him/her mixed blood from someone who intermarried with an enslaved person from West Africa (Senegal or Nigeria). Perhaps the gene pools for these two peoples are similar in some respects, and just as there are slight deviations between the retrieved data taken of two brothers, one showing more affinity with one nation, and the other brother showing less affinity, this is perhaps what happened with respect to your ancestral line in Senegal. It was overlooked by a fraction of whatever criterion they use to calculate/determine these ratios.
Don't take too much stock in this, because I have done two DNA tests and I have two completely different results. I am going to do a third just to see if the last one comes close to either of the first two that I have done.
genes don't really belong to geographical areas, they belong to people, and people move around. these dna sites have large databases of information as to where those genes usually show up and in what combinations. senegal and nigeria are not far apart geographically, and therefore the formulas would be similar.
I took the same test. My results were even more interesting. The interesting part. 10% was of unknown origin. Damn Aliens.
You can look at DNA like a deck of cards. You have one deck of cards and your wife has another deck of cards. Shuffle each deck of cards. When you have a child you give half your deck of cards to the child and your wife is half a deck of cards to a child. Each time of you have a child you Shuffle the deck of cards and you repeat the game. each child ends up with the same number of cards. They will have some cards in common but not all. Some children may end up with perfectly unique cards which are created by random mutations. But mostly the cards will be similar to the cards and either Mom or Dad's deck. No child will have identical cards to Mom or Dad. They will have some random combination of mom or dad.
It is all well. Hopefully, Mr Farnham will end up getting a more accurate answer that those we discussed here.