3 Ways Seahorses are Like British Aristocracy and 1 Way They're Definitely Not | Alien Ocean
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- čas přidán 14. 11. 2021
- Hang onto your petticoats, your ulster jackets, and your canes with ivory handles -- seahorses are about to get scandalous, y'all.
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The Smithsonian Channel - Watch a Male Seahorse Give Birth to Hundreds of Babies: • Watch a Male Seahorse ...
Sources:
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Foster, S. J., & Vincent, A. C. J. (2004). Life history and ecology of seahorses: implications for conservation and management. Journal of Fish Biology, 65(1), 1-61. doi:10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00429.x
Žalohar, J., Hitij, T., & Križnar, M. (2009). Two new species of seahorses (Syngnathidae, Hippocampus) from the Middle Miocene (Sarmatian) Coprolitic Horizon in Tunjice Hills, Slovenia: The oldest fossil record of seahorses. Annales de Paléontologie, 95(2), 71-96. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2009.03.002
Teske, P. R., & Beheregaray, L. B. (2009). Evolution of seahorses’ upright posture was linked to Oligocene expansion of seagrass habitats. Biology Letters, 5(4), 521-523. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0152
Van Wassenbergh, S., Roos, G., & Ferry, L. (2011). An adaptive explanation for the horse-like shape of seahorses. Nature Communications, 2(1). doi:10.1038/ncomms1168
Amanda C. J. Vincent. “Operational Sex Ratios in Seahorses.” Behaviour 128, no. 1/2 (1994): 153-67. www.jstor.org/stable/4535169.
Masonjones, H. D., & Lewis, S. M. (1996). Courtship Behavior in the Dwarf Seahorse, Hippocampus zosterae. Copeia, 1996(3), 634. doi:10.2307/1447527
JONES, A. G., KVARNEMO, C., MOORE, G. I., SIMMONS, L. W., & AVISE, J. C. (1998). Microsatellite evidence for monogamy and sex-biased recombination in the Western Australian seahorse Hippocampus angustus. Molecular Ecology, 7(11), 1497-1505. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00481.x
Jones, A. G., & Avise, J. C. (1997). Microsatellite analysis of maternity and the mating system in the Gulf pipefish Syngnathus scovelli, a species with male pregnancy and sex-role reversal. Molecular Ecology, 6(3), 203-213. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.1997.00173.x
Jones, A. G., Rosenqvist, G., Berglund, A., & Avise, J. C. (1999). The genetic mating system of a sex-role-reversed pipefish ( Syngnathus typhle ): a molecular inquiry. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 46(5), 357-365. doi:10.1007/s002650050630
Sridevi, J. P., Anantaraju, H. S., Kulkarni, P., Yogeeswari, P., & Sriram, D. (2014). Optimization and validation of Mycobacterium marinum-induced adult zebrafish model for evaluation of oral anti-tuberculosis drugs. International Journal of Mycobacteriology, 3(4), 259-267. doi:10.1016/j.ijmyco.2014.10.001
I know I'm a little late to the party, but I think the seahorse/walrus issue is because the latin name for walrus is Odobenus Rosmarus, meaning "toothwalking sea horse." After seahorses were scientifically described in the 19th century, sea-horse stopped being used for walrus.
Woo! Context! Thank you!
I'd like to add upon this: in german the walrus is called Walross. I'm not sure if that's where the word comes from but "Wal" mean whale and "Ross" is an outdated word for "Pferd", or in english horse, I guess you could best translate it to steed. A whale-steed!
Pipefish male in the corner: "hey I have a pouch to carry eggs and numerous health complications too!"😢
here is a fun fact if your still interested. the Japanese meaning for seahorse is tatsunootoshigo or if you separate them tatsu no otoshigo. if you put them into pieces you get 竜(tatsu) mean dragon and 落とし子(otoshigo) means evil spawn and no means ('s)so 竜の落とし子 so what this means is that they are called Dragon's Bastard Child. this makes it funny to me because there was maybe some divers from japan (maybe the Ama (海女, "sea women") who would go down there, see these little critters just swimming around and the divers be like "there is no way that is a real dragon, that has got to be like a evil spawn of them" and have given them that name due to them being so disappointed in not seeing a real dragon.
lol
I'll never be able to see a seahorse again without imagining a fainting couch, which makes Reason #1 very powerful.
(I'll also never again be able to imagine marine biologists carrying out research without that Leo DiCap face and eye movement 🤣)
I will not see Rarity when i hear fainting couch!
"Take confidence in your paternity by taking away all uncertainty!" ughh this channel is such a hidden gem so glad I found you technically yesterday since it's now 12:15 am lol 🥰
Fr, I’ve watched a few of the vids multiple times just because I love the animals they’re talking about like the eels, and vampire squids (from hell)
The main reason that seahorses have male pregnancy is that they inherited it from the pipefish, which are like victorean era aristocrats in that they hang around with pipes a lot.
In Vietnames, the name for walrus is "hải mã", which literally translated to "seahorse" (hải = sea, mã = horse).
But why would an English dictionary use the translation of a foreign language? We already have a word for the animal. If it was a loan word from Vietnamese, than that would make sense, but it's not.
@@ketsuekikumori9145you know antiquated definitions exist, right?
Funnily enough, walrus is hǎixiàng (海象 ) in Chinese which literally translates to “sea elephant”. Sea horse is hǎimǎ (海马) which is indeed also literally “sea horse”
@@hellothing Another fun fact, some of Vietnamese words are borrowed from Chinese. In this case, hải (hăi) = biển = sea and mã (mă) = ngựa = horse. I believe since the old time when our cultures intertwined, we got the word hải mã from Chinese people and use it till now.
justice for pipefish he’s a good boy
5:40 - Some fish have lungs. Specifically, lungfishes have lungs.
So do their cousins among fishes: us tetrapods. We are cladistically teleosts (bony fishes), most closely related to said lungfishes (and the coelacanth).
Signed, a nitpicky biology teacher.
I'm even later to the party, but I think the walrus = seahorse thing might also be rooted in its linguistic origins. Here in Germany, the word for "walrus" is "Walross", which - if literally translated - means "whale steed". I assume that the English "walrus" is derived either from that or some other germanic or nordic language.
DISCLAIMER: I am not a seahorse scientist or a professional researcher as of the writing of this comment. This is purely speculation because I find it fun.
One reason that I have seen suggested (and I personally think is a solid hypothesis) for male pregnancy is as follows:
So we (the scientific community) are pretty sure that males exist for genetic variation, even though their existence is quite expensive for a species. An asexual species, in theory, would reproduce far faster and out compete any sexual reproducers. That rarely happens though (some species do show up, but disappear very quickly), so it stands to reason genetic variation is very important. Thus, the cost of males is the decreased speed at which babies can be made.
Now, I couldn't find ANYTHING in the time I had that told me how long seahorse eggs take to reach maturity (in the female). However, based on the size of the egg, size of the mother, and quantity of eggs produced I think it's safe to assume seahorses eggs are "made to order" instead of all reaching maturity at the same time (as is the case with humans). If this is the case, then the male being the carrier of the eggs would allow the female to immediately begin creating another cache of eggs.
This would solve the problems males have (at least in part) because there is no longer so much reproductive dead time. A great example of this is the asexual Mole salamander species, but they have eliminated the need for males in a completely different way.
On the off chance you (The Octopus Lady) return to the video, see this, and I explained it poorly/you feel like discussing this I would be more than happy to elaborate. My knowledge base on this area is currently growing. My apologies if anything I say is incorrect!
Oh, wow! You leave such great comments!
Yes, so I actually heard about this hypothesis you described here (very clearly, btw!) before! Unfortunately, I heard about it a few weeks after I made this video, which...wasn't super annoying AT ALL...but it makes a lot of sense to me! I do remember reading about how long it takes for female seahorses to produce eggs and while I don't remember the exact numbers, it was...a significant amount of time, I wanna say a few days, maybe? (Don't quote me on that, though!) But this hypothesis feels like much less nebulous than the one I managed to piece together, but it did make me wonder why it wasn't a more common reproductive strategy?
Btw...in what capacity are you in the scientific community? Are you a marine biologist? Cuz that would be super cool!
@@OctopusLady It is a bit of a strange one because, as you said, it's so isolated. I think it might be limited in spread because of how much effort is put in by the parents. I don't see this ever having the chance to evolve in something like butterfly fish. There are so many weird things about seahorses that haven't been explained super well (or I haven't found the information), the answer is probably in there somewhere.
What I will say about the hypothesis you presented is that if it was a dominant allele (or set of dominant alleles) then the chances of the behavior getting passed down are very good. Assuming that the detailed behavior is genetic. I would assume so.
I can imagine that would a teeny tiny bit annoying. Where else did you see this hypothesis?
I interact with researchers on an almost daily basis, but I can't say I'm anything other than a high school student. I do really want to be a marine biologist though. Even more now that I've gotten to work in a lab for a bit. Science is so freaking cool!
@@lnheritance Oh wow! You're only a high school student? From the way you write, I thought you were a college graduate already!
And here's the video that I saw a few weeks after I made my CZcams video. It's about the evolution of sea horses, and they mention the hypothesis in it: czcams.com/video/xIS_2_A-_Ko/video.html
@@OctopusLady I go to an early college program, that might be it. Thank you! I'm surprised my asking about Discord didn't tip you off.
It's a really cool video! I think it pairs well with yours, combined they cover a ton of material.
Edit: For your part 2 I recommend reading the first section of Below the Edge of Darkness. The author did significant work with them to study bioluminescence, and it's super cool. Not sure how much of it would be usable, but its a great book regardless.
@@lnheritance Ooooh my gosh, Below the Edge of Darkness was written by Dr. Edith Widder! She's the scientists who first got footage of a giant squid! Thanks for the suggestion, I'm totally gonna check it out!
Could you cover aquatic parasites?
Angler fish, cuttlefish, siphonophores, pelican eel, giant isopod, bone worms, how salmon sharks have this amazing ability to have it's body temperature warmer then the surrounding water. Just tossing out some random stuff for fun. (BTW I loved the commercial moment of this video lol 😆 that was good)
Wouldn't angler fish be a symbiotic relationship and not a parasitic one?
This thumbnail lives in my head rent free, by the way.
As someone who has done a lot of research on chameleons and has one of their own, seahorses sound like the literal ocean version of chameleons. From the physical and obvious resemblance to the “respiratory” sensitivity and moving all wonky and being hard to keep in captivity 😂 only main difference I see is that chameleons cannot under any circumstances be kept together for long periods of time while seahorses obviously can
As an avid reading of fanfiction, i just have to say; Mpreg is ALWAYS an option
No. No. No. We will not let this become the omegaverse, mkay?
@@WowUrFcknHxC sadly, you're too late on that ball. Just like.. idk I week ago maybe, I saw one tagged with both omegaverse, seahorses and avatar. Sooo oops
@@KidTheFail the blue alien one ir the fire nation one? either way AO3 has scarred me for life
@@1224chrisng fire nation one! There was also an obscene amount of turtle ducks lol
@@KidTheFailturtle ducks? Now I’m even more afraid xD
Male seahorses are so damn great. They're both adorable and protective
I am insanely late to the party, but I also wanted to add that male seahorses form placentas. Within the Sygnathidae, you actually see a lot of variation in the extent of paternal-foetal tissue invagination. Even weirder, placentas evolved multiple times within fishes (both non-tetrapodal and tetrapodal) alone. There is a lot of fabulous research on this topic, with so many interesting implications from the myriad of discoveries being found through comparative genomics (it is possible retroviruses favor placental evolution - Mabuya skinks and non-monotreme mammals had a single ERV insertion event that corresponded to the co-adaptation of those genomic elements into genes required for placental formation, such as syncytin-1).
A Seahorse is just a Sea Chameleon 😂
I, am also a sucker for strange looking animals. And I have always loved and found seahorses fascinating. They never reminded me of british aristocracy though 😆
5:41 Holy crap! One of my friends had her dad cleaning his saltwater fish tank and he got did tuberculosis in a cut on his hand. I hadn’t heard of the bacteria until then. It just causes swelling and hard healing in human cuts.
Pipefish is that one guy that’s kept around to make the people around him look better.
My spirit animal…
For a long time it was believed that everything on the land had a corresponding mirror animal underwater, thats why so many animals are sea-[blank]
What if the male caring for the offspring is similar to the way cassowaries do it?
The male takes care of his chicks alone, which gives the mom the ability to go and find other males to have broods with. This frees mom to keep making eggs.
Do the female seahorses produce multiple clutches to hand off to males?
That's a good question.
Someone else did raise the point that having males primarily take care of child care is more reproductively efficient in species with genders.
ive been binging your videos for the past few days and i must say that videos of this editorial, educational, and humorous quality deserve absolutely more recognition than you have received. just by thumbnail and title alone i knew this was good, and i hope your channel gets the attention it deserves !
My Old English professor said a walrus bark is like the neigh of a horse and that's the reason they are associated with horses in days of yore. And in at least one old English text we read in that class ("the voyage of Ohtere" I believe) they were called horse-whales (I wanna say they spelled it "horswahl" in that old English text) But I have also been told as a word is from the same basic roots, just switched: basically, wahlhors becomes walrus over time, essentially - it's probably more complicated than that, but I didn't know seahorse also meant walrus, but that makes sense based on the other info I've seen
You got something to tell us The Octopus Lady 👀👀👀👀 i was not expecting 'mpreg' and 'AO3' to come out huehue. 😂😂❤❤
Seahorses make me glad to know that there are some weird and cool animals that we have all to ourselves and they aren't all either extinct or super old.
Seahorse Mating Dance 😂
Imagine if humans did something similar like this 🤣
For the Seahorse mpreg, shit just happens yo
I clicked on this video specifically to hear the Octopus Lady say MPREG and I was NOT dissapointed lol
Just chiming in to say I appreciated the The Cheat rave from homestarrunner
This one was really fun! I like your lively commentary and asides.....
The CHEAT... is grounded!
the text cited at 8:35 basically means they're working with 90's technology and some of the results they got were not right. Micro25.22 is a microsatellite (a short repetitive sequence of G and T bases in the pipefish's DNA), at location 25.22. I think this is an arbitrary number, if I were to guess I'd say this was the 22nd microsatellite sequence discovered in experiment 25. An allele is just a variant sequence in the DNA in this case the number of Gs and Ts one after the other. Nul means they didn't detect anything, which can either be there's nothing to detect or the technique failed. When these runs of Gs and Ts become very long they're very difficult to detect, the PCR (look up PCR test for SarsCov2, it's the same technique) gets less efficient the longer stretch of DNA it has to cover. So in other words
"We got some results that suggest some of the eggs were not the father's but it's a mistake with the technology and think that they are all the father's eggs after all"
tbh I think that's a fair call. I was doing PCR in the 90's and this efficiency drop off for longer alleles was a known issue.
I'm re-watching this and I just realized you used the music from The Cheat's light switch rave for part of it! Heck yeah!
That Talk Show skit was brilliant 🤌 😅new follower here. I have been binge watching your content and can't get enough, you really have made what was a scary place to me, not so scary, it's really quite beautiful thru your knowledgable eyes. I thank you 💙
ok i needed an octopus lady fix, and there was no new video out yet, so i searched for one i hadnt seen yet................this video is a riot! one of my favorates !!
Bro just made an entire advertisement about male pregnancy 💀
That thumbnail is absolutely WILD
please do more vibe assignment videos. i love the analysis
I love the thumbnail so much
Why is this the best thing I’ve ever seen
My explantion attempt about the walrus confusion. Walrus is most likely borrowed from a Germanic langue(probably old norse but i choose german in this example because i speak it), where the name is made by the word for Whale (for example German Wal) and Horse( in German Ross). So its a whale-horse. But a lot of "seals" (and other marine life) get named sea + random animal like sea lion, sea elephant, sea leopard and sea cow. A walrus is already a "horse" so sea horse would make a lot of sense, following the naming convention.
Always such a good deal until they hit you with the shipping and handling.
First I just wanna say that I love your videos. You make engaging content that I keep coming back to over and over again. Please, PLEASE, keep making videos and inspiring your viewers because I'm sure more than a couple people gained their love of Marine Biology from you.
Second, I'm not a marine biologist or anything but I was doing some research for my AP Bio project on Seahorses and I looked through some of your sources to see what I could garner and I was rather interested in the Fish Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium marinum) section but noticed that the study you provided was specifically on Zebrafish which are from a completely different family than Seahorses (Cyprinidae vs. Syngnathidae). I did some more digging and I found that Syngnathidae ARE affected by Mycobacterium marinum but I couldn't find anywhere that called M. marinum 'tuberculosis' honestly what I found in studies were saying that M. marinum, along with other Mycobacterium that affect Seahorses such as M. fortuitum and M. chelonae were referred to as 'Non-Tuberculosis mycobacterium' (Here's the study I'm referencing btw repositorioinstitucional.ceu.es/bitstream/10637/14180/1/Clinical_Montero_ANIMALS_2022.pdf)
Third, I just realized this video is like 2 years old but I'm still gonna comment. Also as I mentioned prior I'm not a Marine Biologist whatsoever and if my information is incorrect I apologize. Have a wonderful day to anyone who reads this/watches this video :D
I'm in love with the thumbnail
while watching this (as a horse person) i realized that seahorses are probably named after horses because of the way they hold their head not the head itself (look up dressage horses, its almost a dead ringer)
I love the pipefish, it reminds me of the Asian vine snake
That's a clever little DIY recording studio. Clothing helps absorb echoes.
For some reason, in the very opening, the captions read "So let's talk about horseshoe crabs today, shall we?" while the rest of the video seems to be properly subtitled.
1:40 I guess a walrus looks more like a horse of the sea than a sea horse does but that's all I got
2:04 pipefish look like straightened out seahorses
Every night I lay down and listen to an octopus info dump about aquatic animals. You are LIVING MY DREAM except I like to info dump about microorganisms
This is so unhinged I love it lmfaooo
I LOVE YOUR VIBES SO MUCH OMG MPREGGED BRITISH SEAHORSES (sorry for yellin)
appreciate the homestar runner music at 4:17
the system is down
Most importantly they can sing I am the walrus as they are walruses.
6:48 Horsea used Quiver Dance
crimincally under viewed channel. Ur jokes are gold
I mean
A walrus does look like it could be ridden like a horse
good news! both walruses and chameleons are also part of the superclass Osteichthyes, which means they are also fish! not ray finned fish, perhaps, but still bony fish
ROFL the Mpreg Ad is fire xD
I love hearing video game music in videos about other topics. I heard you in there subnautica.
Sounds like an image file. Gif, jpeg, Mpreg.
3:10 "I'm cuckoo for copepods!"
I'm watching a video with mpreg in the title card and I still got startled by hearing AO3 suddenly.
4:04 Alien Ocean? Is that another YT channel? You have a link to it? Oh! THIS is Alien Ocean-- I thought it was octopus Lady. You upload so little that if you had said that the channel "Alien Ocean" I had forgot by now. I love the channel. Thanks for all the effort and my kind of humor.
Oh yeah, sorry about the confusion! Alien Ocean is the name of this series, and the Octopus Lady is the name of my channel. I consider this a series cuz I was thinking maybe in the future I'd do videos about other environments, so like Alien Rainforests or Alien Deserts, etc. I've also been thinking of doing a little intro at the beginning of each video being like, "Hi, I'm the Octopus Lady, you're watching another episode of Alien Oceans and let's talk about X today, shall we?" since I can see how that can be confusing -- anyway! All this to say that I appreciate the feedback and thank you for your kind words! ❤️
Man, whats the timestamp there? My computer can't seem to find it.
2 years later, seahorse still means walrus.
similar amount of quivering in both dancing
The only thing I can think of when it comes to the seahorse = walrus thing is that maybe they are confusing walruses with manatees, which are also known as sea cows. But even then, it's still a leap in logic.
They have a box or cube shell for extreme Ocean Pressures
cant believe when one of these goes into a river it turns into a hippopotamus
Stede Bonnet (from OFMD) gives big seahorse vibes lol
seahorses got that gawkgawk 3000
i caught that Homestar Runner music sample!!!
You should make a video on bristle and bobbit worms
Love your videos!
(Just adding some engagement to feed The Algorithm... and I forgot to add some when I first watched this... So I just copy/paste this comment and add something more each time... didn't have too much to add here)
Pipefish should be called wyrm fish because they remind me of those worms on a string with their long colorful and textured vodies and long snouts (Squirmles) and are related to dragonfish.
10:51 F O I L F I S H
Tuberculosis? Whaaaat? Where is John Greene!?
Yes! To the lady below. Also, if you think of a hippopotamus as a river horse…even though hippos resemble walruses much more than horses…walruses are sea horses. Or, like, hippos of the sea!
Swell video.
Flounders would like a word with you
I just thought of a really cursed fanfic idea and it's the grinch x krampus in an mpreg situation where they're seahorses and does it exist somewhere? Like this is the internet we're talking about is this an actual fanfic I can read or do I write it myself cus I dun wanna plagiarise somebody by accident.
Seahorse= chameleon of the sea
As a former history student & perpetual history buff, I can confirm that breaking gender roles (though it gets complicated bc animals dont have gender or gender norms etc etc) Is something that happened amongst the Victorian aristocracy w more frequency than you’d think!
The pushovers of the sea
Seahorses rule, the thumbnail is cursed.
I had a desiccated seahorse as a kid. I loved it. I would hold and play with it.
I loved the biology gender role variation.
I love seahorses!!
Human trans men who get pregnant to have kids are sometimes called seahorse dads! :)
Heck yea bro
I am not a seahorse. Consider yourself informed.
Heck yeah! More educational ocean content!
My reading of research papers is minimal, but from what I HAVE read so far, I do wonder if male pregnancy is a way to more evenly distribute energy consumption between the sexes? It takes a LOT more energy/resources in most species to produce viable eggs than it does to create sperm. If it were really that significant though, I'd think male pregnancy would be found in more species. I wonder if it's a more optimal way to balance energy consumption, but female pregnancy is just a less practical Thing we've kept through evolution, like needing wet eyes.
1:26 To the point of "Seahorse" meaning Walrus: The only thing I can think of is that Walrus in german is "Walross" wich translates to "Whale-Steed" ("Ross" is the more "poetic" word for "Pferd" wich is german for horse, so "steed" seemed more fitting). A quick glance at the english wikipedia page seems to agree that the word walrus comes from a germanic language, so...yeah...there you go, I guess? :)
We saw 2 black seahorses both over a meter (1 meter = 1 yard) long. I thought they were eels.
Fun fact: the seahorse is not really a horse.
seahorses are all about camp i think
crying because mpreg. xD between sea horses and a certain Futurama episode, mpreg is one of my favorite tropes
why's the auto-translated subs in dutch? is there some setting to adjust on the uploader's side of things?
the pipe fish is beatufly long